A REPORT ON

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN

OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

CLIENT: MRS LAXMI DEVI SINGH

LOCATION: DHANGADHI SUB METROPOLITAN CITY

i
Contents
List of Figures ............................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ................................................................................................ iv
1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 An Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design ...................................................................... 1
1.2 Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy............................................................................... 2
2 Description of the Building.................................................................... 4
2.1 Building Description .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Location of Building .............................................................................................................. 5
3 Numerical modeling ............................................................................... 5
4 Structural analysis ................................................................................. 9
4.1 Load cases considered ............................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Load combination ................................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Mass Source ........................................................................................................................... 9
4.4 Dead loads .............................................................................................................................. 9
4.5 Live load ............................................................................................................................... 11
4.6 Seismic Loading ................................................................................................................... 13
4.7 Story Drift and displacement Calculations........................................................................... 13
4.8 Modal analysis and modal mass participation...................................................................... 17
4.9 Base Shear and Seismic weight ............................................................................................ 17
4.10 Analysis of Internal Forces Developed in Frames............................................................ 18
5 Design .................................................................................................... 19
5.1 Column design summary...................................................................................................... 20
5.2 Beam Design Summary........................................................................................................ 23
5.3 Slab and staircase Design Summary ................................................................................... 30
5.4 Foundation Design Summary ............................................................................................... 30
6 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 31
7 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 31
ANNEXES.................................................................................................... 32
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 32
ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS ..................................................................... 33
SAMPLE BEAM DESIGN BY ETABS .................................................................................... 33
SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN ................................................................................................... 34
SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN .......................................................................................................... 36
SAMPLE ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN ............................................................................. 38
SAMPLE STAIRCASE DESIGN ........................................................................................... 41

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List of Figures
Figure 2-1 : Ground floor Plan of Building .......................................................................................... 4
Figure 2-2 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas ........................................................................................... 5
Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in ETABS ............................................................................................ 6
Figure 3-2 : 1st/2nd Floor plan modeled in ETABS .............................................................................. 6
Figure 3-3 : 3rd Floor Level plan modeled in ETABS ....................................................................... 7
Figure 3-4 : Top Level plan modeled in ETABS ................................................................................ 7
Figure 3-5 : Typical Elevation on grid C-C ......................................................................................... 8
Figure 3-6 : Typical Elevation on grid 2-2 ........................................................................................... 8
Figure 4-1 : Wall load ......................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4-2 : Floor finish load .............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 4-3 : Staircase dead load .......................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4-4 : Live load ......................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4-5 : Terrace live load.............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 4-6 : Staircase live load .......................................................................................................... 13
Figure 4-7 : Drift ratio in Eqx Service loading ................................................................................... 14
Figure 4-8 : Drift ratio in Eqy service loading ................................................................................... 14
Figure 4-9 : Drift ratio in Eqx ultimate loading ................................................................................ 15
Figure 4-10 : Drift ratio in Eqy ultimate loading ................................................................................ 15
Figure 4-11 : Displacement in Eqx Service loading ........................................................................... 16
Figure 4-12 : Displacement in Eqy service loading ............................................................................ 16
Figure 4-13 : Sample Bending Moment Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL ............. 18
Figure 4-14 : Sample Shear force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2 -1.2DL+1.5LL) .................... 18
Figure 4-15 : Sample Axial force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL ....................... 19
Figure 5-1 : Rebar of column in Grid 1 .............................................................................................. 20
Figure 5-2 : Rebar of column in Grid 2 .............................................................................................. 20
Figure 5-3 : Rebar of column in Grid 3 .............................................................................................. 20
Figure 5-4 : Rebar of beam in 1st Floor.............................................................................................. 23
Figure 5-5 : Rebar of beam in 2nd Floor ........................................................................................... 23
Figure 5-6 : Rebar of beam in third Floor ........................................................................................... 24
Figure 5-7 : Rebar of beam in Fourth floor Level ............................................................................. 24
Figure 5-10 : Base reaction for footing design ................................................................................... 30

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List of Tables
Table 2-1 : Building Description .......................................................................................................... 4
Table 4-1 : Mass source ........................................................................................................................ 9
Table 4-2 : Dead loads unit weight ....................................................................................................... 9
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied ............................................................................................................. 10
Table 4-4 : Live load applied .............................................................................................................. 11
Table 4-5 : Seismic Coefficient Calculation as per NBC 105:2020 ................................................... 13
Table 4-6 : Modal mass Participation ratio from ETABS .................................................................. 17
Table 4-7 : Base Shear of structure ..................................................................................................... 17
Table 5-1 : Column Design Summary ................................................................................................ 21
Table 5-2 : Beam Design Summary .................................................................................................... 25
Table 5-3 : Footing Design Summary................................................................................................. 31

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report focuses on structural design of residential building located at Dhangadhi. It summarizes
design assumption, methodology and follows up of codes and standards for the building with proper
consideration of the earthquake resistant design criteria following the Nepal National Building Code
NBC 105:2020.

The primary objective of the project is to analyze and design the structural elements of the buildings
based on NBC standards. The seismic coefficient method is adopted to analyze the earthquake
response of the building.

Finite element analysis showed that the anticipated performance of the buildings subjected to the
design earthquake meets NBC code seismic hazard level requirement for building. The building
response for drift, displacement is also calculated.

The following conclusions can be drawn from this report:

The structure is designed to complying the guidelines and the NBC standards.

Story drifts are within the acceptable limits under DBE level earthquakes.

** The structural design is carried on the architectural drawing provided. This report solely emphases and confines itself
to technical aspects of the structure and does not comment on other aspects of the structure.

v
 1 Introduction
1.1 An Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Design
Nepal lies in an earthquake prone zone. It is located in the boundary between Indian plate and Tibetan
plate. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. Earthquakes are the most sudden, dramatic and
devastating natural calamities. Although they last only for few seconds to minutes, they are the most
devastating ones. Past records of the earthquake show that eighteen major earthquakes have hit Nepal
till now. So, special consideration of earthquake forces while designing a building is mandatory in
Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building
earthquake-proof. Although earthquake proof structures may be viable in terms of engineering but
they are not financially viable. However, it is possible to design and build earthquake-resilient (more
precisely seismic resilient) structures. According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe
earthquake occurs, the building won’t collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this
background, it is ensured that this building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads
including the earthquake forces making it seismic resistant.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of a building, equally important, is its
construction. The role of a contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at site. He is required to execute the work according to drawings supplied by the
consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of the
building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown that
quality of material and workmanship play an important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings.
Hence, quality assurance of construction works is the key to good seismic performance of a building.

Severity of ground shaking at a given location during an earthquake can be minor, moderate and
strong. Relatively, minor shakings occur frequently, moderate shakings occasionally and strong
shakings rarely. For instance, on average annually about 800 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0-5.9 on
Richter scale occur in the world while the number is only about 19 for magnitude of range 7.0-7.9 on
Richter scale. So, should we design and construct a building to resist that rare earthquake shaking that
may come only once in 500 years or even once in 2000 years at the chosen project site, even though
the life of the building itself may be only 50 or 100 years? Since it costs money to provide additional

1
earthquake safety in buildings, a conflict arises: Should we do away with the design of buildings for
earthquake effects? Or should we design the buildings to be “earthquake proof” wherein there is no
damage during the strong but rare earthquake shaking? Clearly, the former approach can lead to a
major disaster, and the second approach is too expensive. Hence, the design philosophy should lie
somewhere in between these two extremes.

The engineers do not attempt to make earthquake proof buildings that will not get damaged even
during the rare but strong earthquakes; such buildings will be too robust and also too expensive.
Instead, the engineering intention is to make buildings earthquake resistant and affordable; such
buildings resist the effects of ground shaking, although they may get damaged severely but would not
collapse during the strong earthquake. Thus, safety of people and contents is assured in earthquake-
resistant buildings, and thereby a disaster is avoided. This is a major objective of seismic design codes
throughout the world.

1.2 Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy

The earthquake design philosophy may be summarized as follows:

a) Under minor shakings which occur frequently, the main members of the buildings that carry vertical
and lateral forces should not be damaged; however non-structural parts may sustain repairable
damages. It is assured that the building will be fully operational within a short time and the repair costs
will be small

b) Under moderate shakings which are occasional, the structural elements may sustain repairable
damage, while the non-structural elements may be heavily damaged; the building will be operational
followed by repair and re-strengthening of the damaged structural elements and replacing of damaged
non-structural elements.

c) Under strong shakings which are rare, the main members may sustain severe damage, but the
building should not collapse; the building may become dysfunctional for further use, but will stand so
that people can be evacuated and property recovered.

The degree to which the building is to be assured against the possibility of damage must be considered
while designing the building. Important buildings like hospitals, health posts, fire stations, post offices
communication towers, electric power houses which play a critical role in post-earthquake activities
must remain functional immediately after the earthquake and hence require higher degree of assurance
2
against possible damage. Public buildings, educational buildings, busy commercial complex etc.
where the risk of human loss is high and some critical structures like nuclear power plants, dams, etc.
whose collapse may cause secondary disasters are also designed to assure higher level of safety against
earthquakes. Other buildings like residential buildings, offices, mercantile buildings etc. are designed
for lower level of safety, while the design philosophy mentioned above is always maintained.
However, the level of safety to be assured in the design may also depend upon the demand of the
client.

Design of buildings to resist earthquakes involves controlling the damage to acceptable levels at a
reasonable cost. Contrary to the common thinking that any crack in the building after an earthquake
means the building is unsafe for habitation, some damage in non-structural elements may be
unavoidable. Different types of damages (mainly visualized through cracks; especially so in concrete
and masonry buildings) may occur in buildings during earthquakes. Some of these cracks are
acceptable (in terms of both their size and location), while others are not. In general, qualified technical
professionals may only be knowledgeable of the causes and severity of damage in earthquake-resistant
buildings.

3
 2 Description of the Building
2.1 Building Description
The building to be analyzed and designed here is a three story residential to be constructed on behalf
of Mrs Laxmi Devi Singh. The proposed site is located at kailali district. The ground floor plan of
the building is presented below in Figure 2-1. The building description is presented in Table 2-1:
Building Description.

Figure 2-1 : Ground floor Plan of Building

Table 2-1 : Building Description

General features
Building Type Residential Building
Location Dhangadhi Sub metropolitan city
Ground Floor Area 1995.397 Sq.ft
Architectural features
Number of story Three story
Floor to Floor Height 3.2 m
Total Height of the Building: 12.8 m up to top slab of staircase cover
from base
Building Lateral Dimensions (Maximum ) Max distance along X: 37’6”’
Max distance along Y: 64’8”
Wall and Partition 9” and 5” Brick Masonry in cement mortar
in outside and inside respectively
Structural features
Structural System RCC Frame Structure
Foundation Type RCC Isolated Footings

4
 Loads Resisting Elements
Columns 16”x16”:”
Beams Main beam: 12”x17”

Slab 5”
Geotechnical Features
Soil Test Not Available
Soil Type (assumed) Type C (As per NBC)
Allowable bearing capacity assumed 120 KN/m2
Material
Grade of concrete: M20 for Column, Beam, Slab and footings.
Grade of Reinforcement steel for RCC Fe 500

2.2 Location of Building

Nepal is a highly vulnerable to earthquake hazards. The site is located at Dhangadhi and it belongs to
the higher seismic risk zone .

Figure 2-2 : Seismic Hazard of Himalayas

3 Numerical modeling
A three dimensional finite element model of the whole structural system is created in ETABS.v18.
The structural system is considered as a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure. Main components
to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs. Beams and columns are modeled as frame elements
while slabs are modeled as four-nodded shell elements. The support condition at the base is idealized
as a fixed support and hence any moment release at the base of columns is neglected. The moment
release at the beam/column joints is also neglected. Self-weight of the parapet wall is applied onto the

5
beams in the form of uniformly distributed loads. The inner partition wall load is applied by creating
null beam as positioned in architectural drawing.

Figure 3-1 : 3D model created in ETABS

Figure 3-2 : 1st/2nd Floor plan modeled in ETABS

6
Figure 3-3 : 3rd Floor Level plan modeled in ETABS

Figure 3-4 : Top Level plan modeled in ETABS

7
Figure 3-5 : Typical Elevation on grid C-C

Figure 3-6 : Typical Elevation on grid 2-2

8
 4 Structural analysis
For the purpose of structural analysis various Nepal Standard Code and Indian Standard codes are
followed for loadings, load combinations and other analysis procedures.

4.1 Load cases considered

Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per NBC105-2020.

I. Dead Load (DL)

II. Live load (LL)
III. Earthquake load in X-direction (EQx)
IV. Earthquake load in Y-direction (EQy)
4.2 Load combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC105-2020 for Static Analysis.

I. 1.2DL±1.5LL
II. DL+0.3LL+0.6SLL±EQx
III. DL+0.3LL+0.6SLL±EQy

Where, DL= Dead load LL =

Imposed (Live) load
EQx = Earthquake load (Along X direction) for both Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State EQy =
Earthquake load (Along Y direction) for both Ultimate and Serviceability Limit State

4.3 Mass Source

Following mass source have been adopted as per NBC105-2020 for Seismic Analysis.

Table 4-1 : Mass source

Dead load including parapet, floor finish ,wall load 1
Live load 0.3
Live load for storage 0.6

4.4 Dead loads

Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, parapet walls and floor finish. The
weight of building materials are taken as per IS 875 (Part 1-1987).

Table 4-2 : Dead loads unit weight

Materials Unit weight
Reinforced Concrete 25.00 KN/m³
Reinforcement Steel 78.50 KN/m³
Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m3

9
Table 4-3 : Dead load applied
9” wall 14.57 KN/m
9” wall with opening 10.92KN/m
5” wall 7.28 KN/m
Parapet wall load 2.2 KN/m
Floor finish 1.25 KN/m2
Staircase dead load on supporting beam 14.375 KN/m

Figure 4-1 : Wall load

Figure 4-2 : Floor finish load

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 Figure 4-3 : Staircase dead load

4.5 Live load

Live loads are applied on floor slabs on the basis of usage of rooms, as specified in IS 875 part II.

Table 4-4 : Live load applied

Bed room /Toilet/other room 2.0 KN/m2
Balcony/Passage 3.0 KN/m2
Staircase live load on supporting beam 6.165 KN/m
Terrace live 1.5 KN/m2

Figure 4-4 : Live load

Calculation of seismic coeffiecient as per NBC105:2070

11
Input
Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting
Type of structure Frame

Seismic Zoining factor(Z) 0.4

Importance factor(I) 1
Height of building(h) 9.6 m
Method of analysis Equivalent Static Method
soil Type C

Period of vibration
se
0.75
For reinforcement moment resisting frame T1=1.25k1h 0.511 c
se
Lower period of flat part of spectrum(Ta) 0.1 c
se
Upper period of flat part of spectrum(Tc) 1 c
se
Peak spectral acceleration normalized by PGA(α) 2.5 c
Coefficient that controls the descending branch of the
spectrum 1.8

ref table 5.2 NBC 105:2070

Ductility factor for ULS state(Rμ) 4
Over-strength factor for ULS state (Ωu) 1.5
Over-strength factor for SLS state (Ωs) 1.25

Calculation of Spectral Shape Factor (Ch (T))

Ch (T) 2.5
Elastic site spectra for horizontal loadingC (T) =Ch(T) Z I 1.000

Elastic site spectra for Vertical loading Cv(Tv)= 2/3 Z 0.266667

Elastic site spectra for Serviceability Limit State Cs (T) =

0.20 C (T) . 0.200

Horizontal base shear for Equivalent static method

For the ultimate limit state, the horizontal base shear co-
efficient for each mode, Cd(Ti), shall as given by Cd (𝑇𝑖 ) = C(𝑇𝑖 )/ Rµ x Ωu ……
0.167
For the serviceability limit state, the horizontal base
shear coefficient (design coefficient), Cd (T1), shall be
given by: Cd (𝑇1 ) = Cs(𝑇1 )/ Ωs
12
 0.160
Exponent releated to structural period 1.01

Figure 4-5 : Terrace live load

Figure 4-6 : Staircase live load

4.6 Seismic Loading
The building is analyzed for the seismic load as per NBC 105 2020. The seismic design data
assumed for the building is summarized below.

Table 4-5 : Seismic Coefficient Calculation as per NBC 105:2020

4.7 Story Drift and displacement Calculations

The roof displacement and the inter-story drift is checked for the earthquake load case. The inter-story
drift and roof displacement is presented in the table below and is found to be within the limit in both
directions.

13
 Figure 4-7 : Drift ratio in Eqx Service loading
Maximum story drift due to service seismic load along x: 0.0059

Figure 4-8 : Drift ratio in Eqy service loading

Maximum story drift due to service seismic load along y: 0.0041
14
Maximum allowable drift ratio in Serviceability Limit State is 0.006 as per NBC 105 2020

Figure 4-9 : Drift ratio in Eqx ultimate loading

Maximum story drift due to Ultimate seismic load along x: 0.0062x4=0.0248

Figure 4-10 : Drift ratio in Eqy ultimate loading

Maximum story drift due to Ultimate seismic load along y: 0.0042x4=0.0168

15
Maximum allowable drift ratio in Ultimate Limit State is 0.025 as per NBC 105 2020

Figure 4-11 : Displacement in Eqx Service loading

Figure 4-12 : Displacement in Eqy service loading

Maximum Roof Displacement (AS per NBC)

Story Displacement-X, Displacement-Y, Limit, Status
mm mm mm
Top floor 45.51 32.43 76.8 OK

16
4.8 Modal analysis and modal mass participation
Table 4-6 : Modal mass Participation ratio from ETABS
Case Mode Period UX UY SumUX SumUY SumRZ
sec
1 0.79 0.8359 0.000009545 0 0.8359 0.000009545
Modal
2 0.715 0.0084 0.1314 0 0.8443 0.1314
Modal
3 0.707 0.0013 0.7297 0 0.8456 0.861
Modal
4 0.264 0.1004 0.000005738 0 0.9459 0.861
Modal
5 0.242 0.0001 0.0864 0 0.946 0.9475
Modal
6 0.229 0.0003 0.0116 0 0.9463 0.959
Modal
7 0.182 0.0325 8.819E-07 0 0.9788 0.959
Modal
8 0.168 0.000003337 0.0252 0 0.9788 0.9842
Modal
9 0.147 0.0002 0.0002 0 0.979 0.9844
Modal
10 0.139 0.0082 0.0034 0 0.9872 0.9878
Modal
11 0.136 0.0123 0.004 0 0.9994 0.9918
Modal
12 0.132 0.0006 0.0082 0 1 1
Modal
The total mass participation in both considered direction is greater than the 90% of the total lateral
force. A building has regular modes of oscillation in two principal plan directions as the mass
participation factor for first three modes is greater than 65%.

4.9 Base Shear and Seismic weight

Table 4-7 : Base Shear of structure
Output Case Case Type FX FY
eqx ULS LinStatic 1336.2969 0

eqy ULS LinStatic 0 1336.2969

eqy SLS LinStatic 0 1280.2845

eqx SLS LinStatic 1280.2845 0

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 Name Ecc Ratio Top Story Bottom Story C K Weight Used Base Shear
kN kN
0.16 1280.2845
3rd 8001.7779
eqx SLS 0.1 Base 1.09
Base 1.09 1336.2969
3rd 8001.7779
0.167
eqx ULS 0.1
Base 0.16 1.09 1280.2845
3rd 8001.7779
eqy SLS 0.1
Base 0.167 1.09 1336.2969
3rd 8001.7779
eqy ULS 0.1

4.10 Analysis of Internal Forces Developed in Frames

Bending moments, shear forces and axial forces of the buildings were analyzed using the ETABS. The
analysis is used for identification of critical sections and to find out the design requirements so as to
design various structural components. The sample moment diagrams, shear force diagram, axial force
diagrams and torsion diagrams of the frames along some grids are as extracted from ETABS are
presented below:

Figure 4-13 : Sample Bending Moment Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL

Figure 4-14 : Sample Shear force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2 -1.2DL+1.5LL)

18
Figure 4-15 : Sample Axial force Diagram for frames along Grid 2/2-1.2DL+1.5LL

5 Design
The design of reinforced concrete structural members includes selection of material properties (grade
of steel and concrete), shape and size of cross section, factor of safety and amount of steel required.
The design of reinforced concrete members is carried out using limit state method as per IS 456: 2000.
The limit state method is the modern and latest design methodology. This method evolved around
1970’s. Limit state method is based on the concept of multiple safety factors and attempts to provide
adequate safety at the ultimate loads and adequate serviceability at service loads. For the design of the
members, IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used. Footings have been checked for vertical
loads due to dead load and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of
view that reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for
more rigidity of building and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal
reinforcement in beams and columns has been calculated based on critical load combination. Spacing
of the shear reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -
1993. Some sample designs are shown later on in this report.
Beams and columns have been designed using ETABS while slab, staircase and foundations are
designed manually. Samples of manual design calculation of critical slab, footings and staircase are
shown in this report in ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS. The structural design of
sections and reinforcements are presented in the drawing.

19
5.1 Column design summary

Figure 5-1 : Rebar of column in Grid 1

Figure 5-2 : Rebar of column in Grid 2

Figure 5-3 : Rebar of column in Grid 3

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Table 5-1 : Column Design Summary
Column Column Bars provided Area
Floor Area
Name Grid nos Dia nos dia provided
1st 3015 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" A1 2nd 1333 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2819 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" B1 2nd 1406 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2434 8 20 4 16 3315.84
2nd 1422 8 16 4 16 2411.52
C1-16"x16" C1
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
4th 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2480 8 20 4 16 3315.84
2nd 1448 8 16 4 16 2411.52
C1-16"x16" D1
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
4th 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2713 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" E2 2nd 1439 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2935 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" F1 2nd 1321 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 3491 8 20 4 20 3768
C2-16"x16" A2 2nd 2208 4 20 8 16 2863.68
3rd 1322 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 3078 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" B2 2nd 2247 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2719 8 20 4 16 3315.84
2nd 1532 8 16 4 16 2411.52
C1-16"x16" C2
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
4th 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2702 8 20 4 16 3315.84
2nd 1485 8 16 4 16 2411.52
C1-16"x16" D2
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
4th 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2953 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" E2 2nd 2057 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 3130 8 20 4 20 3768
C2-16"x16" F2
2nd 2002 4 20 8 16 2863.68
21
 3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 3185 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" A3 2nd 1373 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2794 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" B3 2nd 1407 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2683 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" C3 2nd 1895 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2670 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" D3 2nd 1896 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2749 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" E3 2nd 1428 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
1st 2875 8 20 4 16 3315.84
C1-16"x16" F3 2nd 1321 8 16 4 16 2411.52
3rd 1321 4 16 8 12 1708.16
For more details refer structural drawing.

22
5.2 Beam Design Summary

Figure 5-4 : Rebar of beam in 1st Floor

Figure 5-5 : Rebar of beam in 2nd Floor

23
 Figure 5-6 : Rebar of beam in third Floor

Figure 5-7 : Rebar of beam in Fourth floor Level

24
Table 5-2 : Beam Design Summary
Diameter of Rebar
Beam
Floor Left Middle Right
ID
Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
First floor
A-1/2 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
A-2/3 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
B-1/2 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
B-2/3 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
C-1/2 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
C-2/3 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
D-1/2 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
D-2/3 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
E-1/2 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
E-2/3 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
F-1/2 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
F-2/3 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
1-A/B 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
1-B/C 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
1-C/D 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)

25
 First floor
1-D/E 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
1-E/F 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-A/B 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-B/C 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-C/D 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-D/E 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
2-E/F 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-A/B 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-B/C 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-C/D 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-D/E 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
First floor
3-E/F 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-16(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
A-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
A-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
B-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
B-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
C-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
C-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
26
 Second floor
D-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
D-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
E-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
E-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
F-1/2 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
F-2/3 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
1-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
1-B/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
1-C/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
1-D/E 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
1-E/F 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
2-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
2-B/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
2-C/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
2-D/E 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
2-E/F 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
3-A/B 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
3-B/C 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
27
 Second floor
3-C/D 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
3-D/E 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Second floor
3-E/F 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th) 3-16(th)+2-12(ext) 3-16(th)
Third floor
A-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
A-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
B-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
B-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
C-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
C-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
D-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
D-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
E-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
E-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
F-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
F-2/3 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
1-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
1-B/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
1-C/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
28
 Third floor
1-D/E 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
1-E/F 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
2-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
2-B/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
2-C/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
2-D/E 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
2-E/F 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
3-A/B 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
3-B/C 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
3-C/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
3-D/E 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Third floor
3-E/F 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
C-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
D-1/2 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
1-C/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)
Fourth floor
2-C/D 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th) 3-12(th)+2-12(ext) 3-12(th)

Note:-Th=Throughout rebar, Ext =Extra rebar, secondary beam size=230x350 with 3 nos 12 mm bar at top and bottom

29
5.3 Slab and staircase Design Summary
Slab
Size: 125mm
Reinforcement:
Let’s provide 8mm@150mm c/c both ways with usual layouts/curtailments wherever required
For more details, refer structural drawings
Staircase
Waist slab thikness: 125mm
Reinforcement:
Let’s provide 12mm@150mm c/c as main reinforcement and 6 mm@150mm c./c as distribution
reinforcement with usual layouts/curtailments wherever required
For more details, refer structural drawings

5.4 Foundation Design Summary

The foundation is designed as isolated footing. Tie beams are provided in two different levels one at
the top level of footings (Lower Tie Beams) and another at the plinth level (Upper Tie Beams).

Figure 5-8 : Base reaction for footing design

30
Table 5-3 : Footing Design Summary
Footing pad
Footing type Size(mm*mm) Depth(mm) Reinforcement
F1(A1,B1,C1,D1,E1,F1,B3,C3,D3,F3) 2200x2200 400 16 mm dia @6” c/c both
way
F2(B2,C2,D2,E2,F2,A3,E3) 2400x2400 400 16 mm dia @5” c/c both
way
F3(A2) 2500x2500 400 16 mm dia @5” c/c both
way
Tie beam
LTB1 & UTB1 230 x350 Longitudinal bars: 3-12dia top &
bottom Stirrups : 2-legged 8 dia @ 6" c/c
For more details, refer structural drawing

6 CONCLUSION
After the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the gravity as
well as Seismic Loads. The section sizes and reinforcements are sufficient enough to withstand all
kinds of possible axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces. The building is designed to make it good
enough to assure Life Safety under Design Basis Earthquake considered for Zoning factor 0.4,
Importance Factor 1.0 and soft soil condition as per NBC205:2020. Bearing capacity of the soil is
taken as 120 KN/m2. M20 grade of concrete is used for columns, beams, slabs and foundations. Ductile
detailing as per IS13920:1993 has been extensively adopted while detailing.
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A performance of a building depends
upon a work and material quality during the construction more than the intensions pursued during
structural design. A large percentage of structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of
construction. Therefore, to assure the proper safety, material and work quality should be maintained
during the construction. Structural designer will be responsible for all the designs but not for any faulty
constructions happened at site beyond his supervision. Following recommendations are made by the
structural designer.
1. It is recommended to strictly follow the section sizes and reinforcements provided in the structural
drawings.
31
 2. It is recommended that the site engineer should be responsible to handle the problems that may arise
during construction. He/she shall also be responsible for maintaining the material and process quality
during construction.
3. It is strictly recommended that any changes in the design shall be done only with the consultation
of the structural designer.
4. It is strictly recommended to maintain the standards in the grade of cement and reinforcement steel.
It is recommended to run a cube test to ensure the strength and quality of the concrete ratio used. It is
also recommended test the reinforcement steels to ensure the quality of steel used.

ANNEXES
ANNEX -I: REFERENCES
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)
for buildings and structures (second revision)
Part 1 – Dead loads Part
2 – Imposed load

NBC 105: 2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

subjected to Seismic forces - Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Jain, A.K Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition,

Nelam Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999

Sinha, S. N. Reinforced Concrete Design, second edition, Tata McGraw

Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1996

Pillai, U.C. and Menon,D. Reinforced Concrete Design, second edition, Tata
McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2003

32
Neelam Sharma Reinforced cement concrete design

ANNEX-II: SAMPLE DESIGN CALCULATIONS

SAMPLE BEAM DESIGN BY ETABS

ETABS Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1st B16 16 Beam 12"x17" DL+KLL+eqxULS 4368.8 4572 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
304.8 431.8 304.8 0 35 35

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

33
 Factored Forces and Moments
Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-121.1899 9.6409 106.9874 0

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-121.1899 13.7052 0 -134.895

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -134.895 961 0 961 260
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 481 0 48 481

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
123.0487 0 173.657 73.0077 1212.75

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
9.6409 106.9874 254.8 381.8 618.54

SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
1st C12 195 C16"x16" DL+KLL-eqxULS 0 3200.4 0.583

34
 Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
406.4 406.4 58 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
583.7024 -11.674 -219.2971 11.674 11.674 3491 2.11

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.638512 2768.6 -98.6323 0 11.674
Minor Bend(M2) 0.658101 2768.6 2.2857 0 11.674

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 108.9583 141.5687 56.6354 91.3235 450.47
Minor, Vu3 57.9722 141.5687 56.6354 57.9722 450.47

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1651.6 34.9 2795.6479 669.988 583.7024 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

35
 Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.865 406.4 4.35 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.865 406.4 4.483 12 No 0

Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed

SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN

1.0 General Data:
Depth of slab : (D) 125 mm
Grade of Concrete : (fck) 20 N/mm2
Grade of Steel : (fy) 500 N/mm2
Effective cover: (d') 20 mm
Effective depth of slab : (d) 105 mm
Effective length:
Shoter span: (lx) 3.96 m
Longer span: (ly) 4.57 m

2.0 Loading:
Dead Load: (DL) 3.125 KN/m2
Other Dead Load: (ODL) 2.2 KN/m2
Live Load: (LL) 2 KN/m2
Total Load: (w) 7.325 KN/m2
Factored Load: (wu) 10.9875 KN/m2

3.0 Type of slab:

1.155

Type: Two way Slab

4.0 Calculation of Moments:

Moment coefficient:
Type of Slab Panel: 4
Short span coefficient: αx
Support S 0.05685
36
 Mid Span M 0.04275
Long span coefficient: αy
Support S 0.047
Mid Span M 0.035
Moments:

Short span moments:

Support S 9.796 KN-m
Mid Span M 7.366 KN-m

Long span moments:

Support S 8.099 KN-m
Mid Span M 6.031 KN-m

5.0 Check depth for maximum Moments:

Maximum moments: Mu 9.796 KN-m
Moment coefficient: k 0.134
< 105
effective depth: d 61 mm
OK

6.0 Calculation of reinforcement:

6.1 For shorter span
Mim'm reinforcement (Ast)min 126 mm2
Design moment: Mx 9.796 KN-m
Neutral axis depth : x 14 mm
Area of steel required: Ast 228 mm2
Area of steel provided: Ø 8 mm
S 150 mm
Ast 336 mm2
Pt 0.32 %
For longer span
Effective depth d 97 mm
Mim'm reinforcement (Ast)min 117 mm2
Design moment: Mx 8.099 KN-m
Neutral axis depth : x 13 mm
Area of steel required: Ast 204 mm2
Area of steel provided: Ø 8 mm
S 150 mm

37
 Ast 336 mm2
Pt 0.347 %

7.0 Check for shear stress:

Maximum shear force: Vu 21.756 KN
Shear Stress: tv 0.208 N/mm2
β 7.257
Concrete Shear Strength: tc 0.399 N/mm2
Shear Strength factor: K 1.3
Shear Strength of Slab: tc' 0.5187 > 0.208 N/mm2
OK

8.0 Check for development length:

Ultimate moment Capacity: M1 14.12 KN-m
Maximum Shear Force: V 21.756 KN
Bond Stress: tbd 1.92 N/mm2
Development length: Ld 454 mm
Anchorage length: L0 105 mm
Available length: 949 > Ld
OK

8.0 Check for deflection:

length to eff. Depth ratio: l/d 37.715

α 23
β 1
ϒ 1.700 for fs = 196.786 N/mm2
δ 1 and Pt = 0.32 %
λ 1
Coefficient: 39.100
OK

SAMPLE ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN

Given
Data
Size of column
38
 Bc = 400 mm
Dc = 400 mm
Column Load (V) = 654.8467 KN
Bearing Capacity (qa) = 120 KN/m2
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa
Grade of Steel (fy)= 500 Mpa

Calculation of size of footing

wt. of foundation = 65.48 KN
Total Load (P)= 720.33 KN
Area of footing = 6.003 m2
*Note:Taking the ratio of width and length of footing same as that of column dimensions

Size of footing
L= 2.450 m
B= 2.450 m
Provided (L) = 2.500 m
Provided (B) = 2.500 m

Upward reaction (q') = 157.163 KN/m

Max'm B.M. = 86.636 KN-m

Calculation for depth of footing

B.M. = 0.134 fckbd2
depth (d)= 180 mm
Provided depth (d) = 350 mm

Check for Shear

=
Per. Shear Strength (τc) 0.25√fck 1.118 N/mm2
a) Punching shear
depth (d)= 350 mm
Punching shear(τ'V) = 0.851 N/mm2
Ok
Provided depth (d) = 350 mm
Overall Depth (D)= 400 mm

b) One way Shear (Calculation for no shear reinforcement)

39
 depth (d) = 350 mm
Max'm S.F. = 110.014 KN
One way Shear (τv) = 0.314 N/mm2
Provided Ast = 0.2 %
β= 11.61
Concrete Shear strength (τc)= 0.326 N/mm2
Ok
Ast = 700 mm2

Calculation for reinforcement

Ast = 595 mm2

Ast required = 700 mm2
mm
Provided, Size = 16 dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
Ast Provided= 1340 mm2
Ok
Area of Steel Along width
B.M. = 86.636 KN-m
Ast = 700 mm2
mm
Provided, Size = 16 dia
Spacing = 150 mm c/c
Ast Provided= 1340 mm2
Ok

Development Length

Bond stress(τbd)= 1.920 N/mm2

Development length (Ld)= 906 mm
Available Ld along length = 1000 mm
Ok

Load Transfer from Column to Footing

40
 Nominal bearing stress in
column = 6.139 N/mm2
Allowable bearing stress = 0.45*fck
9.000 N/mm2
Thus no additional dowel bars are required to transfer load

SAMPLE STAIRCASE DESIGN

1 Data
Grade of steel(fy) 500 N/mm2
Grade of concrete(fck) 20 N/mm2
Nominal cover 15 mm
diameter of main bars 12 mm
diameter of distribution bars 8 mm
Tread 250 mm
Rise 150 mm
thickness of waist slab 125 mm
Effective Depth= 104 mm
Thickness of landing slab 125 mm
support width 0.23 m

2 Load on waist slab

Inclined length per steps 0.292 m
Self weight of waist slab 0.91 KN/m
self weight of step 0.47 KN/m
total dead load 1.38 KN/m
total dead load(per m2) 5.52 KN
live load 3 KN
floor finish 2.5 KN
total load per sq.m. 11.02 KN
Factored load per sq.m. 16.53 KN
load per m 16.53 KN/m

3 Load on landing
self weight of slab = 3.13 KN/m2
floor finish 1.20 KN/m2
live load 3.00 KN/m2
load per m sq. 7.33 KN/m2
factored load 10.99 KN/m2
load/m 10.99 KN/m

4 Crtitical Flight
41
4.1 Rebar calculation
span of landing A 1 m
span of landing B 1.2 m
span of flight 2.3 m
Span of landing A with support 1.115
Span of landing B with support 1.315
effective span of flight with support 2.3
effective span 4.73
reaction at B support 25.15 kN
reaction at A support 26.22 kN
point of maximum moment(x) 1.960 m
Max.bending moment 28.31 KNm
Ast required 767.72 mm2
spacing required 147.3163 mm
spacing provided 150 mm
Ast Provided 753.98224 mm2
Providing 12mm dia. @ 150mm c/c as main
rebar

4.2 Check for shear

Max Vu= 26.22
Tv 0.252 N/mm2
Pt= 0.72
β 3.20
Tc 0.57 N/sq.mm
safe in shear

4.3 Development Length

M1= 28.31 KNm
V= 26.22 KN
L0 0.144 m
Ldmax= 1223.6304 mm
Ld provided 679.6875 mm
OK

4.4 Deflection check

Ast Required 767.72 mm2
Ast Provided 753.98 mm2
Pt= 0.72 %
Fs 295.28
Modification Factor 1
42
 a 20
L/d max= 20
L/d Provided= 45.48
Not safe,wall shall be constructed before placing staircase
5 Distribution bar
Ast required 0.12*b*D
150
spacing required 335.10
Spacing provided 150
Providing 8mm dia. @ 150mm c/c as distribution rebar

43