Pull out test for Soil nail

29 Mar 2024
JICA EXPART TANAKA Masahide
Test procedure
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
② Prepare a method statement for Pull out test
③ Arrange materials and machinery
④ Drilling, injection and grout curing
⑤ Pull out Anchor tendon
⑥ Result analysis
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
What is the Soil Nail Method?
Soil nailing is a method of reinforcing a cut slope by
placing relatively short bars of reinforcement (with a
core material such as reinforcing steel bars placed
in grout or mortar) on the slope and using the
tensile strength of the reinforcement as the main
reinforcement.
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Tensile strength
The tensile force of the reinforcement can be divided
into a force parallel to the sliding surface (tensile
effect) and a force perpendicular to the sliding
surface (tightening effect).
Tensile strength are generated in the reinforcement
as the ground deforms.
If the tensile force of the reinforcement is T, the angle
between the reinforcement and the slip surface is β,
and the internal friction angle of the ground is φ, the
tensile effect is expressed as Tcosβ and the
tightening effect as Tsinβ・tanφ.
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Design details
Various factors are used in slope stability calculations. Among them,
the value of the circumferential frictional resistance φ between the
ground and the grout material is a factor that can significantly change
the design details.
Although it is possible to confirm these values by various test methods
during the on-site investigation and design phase, the investigation and
design work is performed before the start of construction, and in many
cases it is difficult to bring in boring machines and other equipment.
Therefore, they are often tested after construction has begun.
First, the construction contractor's engineer should verify the slope
stability calculations and check for the suitability of the materials to be
used, soil conditions, and any errors in the design calculations.
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Condition of Design
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Confirmation of peripheral
frictional resistance
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Confirm the basis for the
circumferential frictional
resistance value from the
survey data.
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Confirm the basis for the circumferential frictional resistance
value from the survey data.
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Check the contents of the
calculation results
① Review the Slope Stability Calculation design Sheet
Check the contents of the
calculation results
② Prepare a method statement for Pull out test
Determine the tensile material, anchorage length, and grout
formulation to be used for anchor tendons to verify the
circumferential frictional resistance used in the slope stability
calculations.
Verify that the anchor tendon determined cannot be pulled out by
the circumferential frictional resistance used in the stability
calculations.
It is desirable to plan and test the pull out test at the side lines
where the slope stability calculations were performed. (In this
project, the tests were conducted on two side lines, No. 0-20 and
No. 0+20.)
② Prepare a plan for pull out test
Determine tensile
material to be used
② Prepare a plan for pull out test
Check the tensile
strength of the tensile
material to be used
with a mill sheet or test
report.
② Prepare a plan for pull out test
Calculation of maximum test load-1
② Prepare a plan for pull out test
Calculation of maximum test load-2
② Prepare a plan for pull out test
Anchor Tendon's plan
② Prepare a plan for pull out test
Plan for cement grout mixing
③ Arrange materials, supplies, and machinery
Anchor tendon plans and specifications
③ Arrange materials, supplies, and machinery
Anchor tendon
processing
③ Arrange materials, supplies, and machinery
Arrange the machine to be used in the pull-out test.The hydraulic
jack used in the pull-out test should be capable of carrying a load
of at least 120% of the planned maximum load.
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Drill with the planned hole diameter and length.
After drilling, the inside of the drilled hole is cleaned with air to
ensure that the grout adheres to the drilled hole.
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Drilling
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Grout mixing
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Grout mixing
（Flow test）
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Grout injection
（Plesser Grouting）
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Grout injection
（Plesser Grouting）
④ Drilling, Grout injection, grout curing
Check the compressive
strength of the grout
sample specimen.
⑤ Pull out Test
Perform pull-out tests
with planned loads and
methods.
The person conducting
the pultrusion test should
have knowledge of
design methods and
geology.
⑤ Pull out Test
Test situation
⑥ Result Analysis
Pass/fail will be judged by "pulled out" or "load did not rise" or
"did not pull out ".
If the pull-out test passes, this construction can be started.
If the pull-out test was an error, the cause should be investigated
and either retested or the design should be verified.