Unit 1

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 THE PRESENT SIMPLE AND
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSES

A. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

+ Verb / verb + -s/-es She works in London.

- Do/does not + verb He doesn't work in London.
? Do/does … + verb? Where do you work?

I. The Present Simple is used:

For habits He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.
For repeated actions or events We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.
For general truths Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
For scheduled events in the near future His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March

II. Words usually used with the present tense

+ adverbs of frequency (always, usually / normally, often / frequently/ regularly, sometimes,

occasionally, rarely / seldom / hardly ever, never);
+ every (every day, every week, every night);
+ twice a week, once a week, etc

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B. THE -S OR -ES ENDING PRONUNCIATION
1) /ɪz/ when the final sound is any of the following sounds:
/s/ - buses /dʒ/ - bridges
/z/ - buzzes /ʃ/ - crashes
/tʃ/ - watches /ʒ/ - garages
2) /s/ when the final sound of the word is
/p/ - cups /θ/ - cloths
/k/ - books /f/ - beliefs
/t/ - cats
3) /z/ when the final sound of the word is
/b/ - describes /g/ - legs
/d/ - ends /ð/ - bathes
/v/ - knives /l/ - calls
/r/ - answers /a:/ - stars
/ɑː/ - pours /ɔi/ - toys
/eə/ - scares /m/ - dreams
/n/ - pens /ŋ/ - songs

C. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

+ am/is/are + verb + -ing He's working in London this week.

- am/is/are not + verb + -ing I'm not working in London this week.
? Am/is/are … + verb + -ing? Are you working in London this week?

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The Present Continuous is used:

For an action that is happening at the You are using the Internet.
moment of speaking You are studying English grammar.
For an action or event in the future, which We're going on holiday tomorrow.
has already been planned or prepared I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
Are they visiting you next winter?
For a temporary event or situation He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass
guitar tonight.
The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the
moment.
With "always, forever, constantly", to Harry and Sally are always arguing!
describe repeated actions which the You're constantly complaining about your mother-
speakers find annoying in-law!
For something is changing, growing The children are growing quickly.
or developing The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.

- BE CAREFUL! State verbs are NOT usually used in the continuous form
- Time expressions usually used with Present Continuous: now, at the moment, currently,
nowadays, today, tonight, always, still etc

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D. PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present Simple Present Continuous

For general truths For an action that is happening at the moment of
speaking
• Water boils at 100 degrees. • The water is boiling now, so you
can put in the pasta.
For permanent situations For temporary situations
• Julie lives in London. • Julie is living in Paris for a few
months (usually she lives in
London).

For scheduled events in the near future For an action or event in the future, which has
already been planned or prepared:
• I'm meeting John after class
• My plane leaves at eight tonight. today.

Remember: We use the present simple with state verbs. We CAN’T use any continuous tense
(including the present continuous tense, of course) with state verbs.

E. VERBS THAT ARE NOT USUALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM

 SENSES / PERCEPTION: to feel*, to see*, to smell*, to taste*
+ We all felt (that) we were unlucky to lose.
I am not feeling well today.
+ I see what you mean.
I am seeing the doctor
+ The coffee smells good
I am smelling the flowers.
+ The coffee tastes good.
I am tasting the cake.

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  OPINION to believe, to doubt, to suppose, to think*
He thinks the test is easy.
She is thinking about the question.
 MENTAL STATES to forget, to imagine, to know, to mean, to recognize, to remember, to
understand
 EMOTIONS / DESIRES to dislike, to envy, to hate, to like, to love, to mind, to prefer
 OTHERS to be (in most cases)*, to belong to, to have (when it means "to possess")*, to own,
to seem
+ I have a dollar now.
I am having fun now.
+ Joe is an American citizen.
Joe is being very rude. (Joe is behaving very rudely. Usually he is not rude)

PRACTICE

A Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days
2. A. asks B. laughs C. lives D. hopes
3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains
4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites
5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums
6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks
7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts
8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests
9. A. helps B. coughs C. cooks D. finds
10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks

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B Complete the sentences by putting in the verbs. Use the Present Simple. You have to decide if
the verb is positive or negative.
Claire is very sociable. She knows (know) lots of people.
We’ve got plenty of chairs, thanks. We don’t want (want) any more.
1 My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult. He ………… (speak) French.
2 Most students live quite close to the college, so they ………… (walk) there.
3 My sports kit is really muddy. This shirt ………… (need) a good wash.
4 I’ve got four cats and two dogs. I ………… (love) animals.
5 No breakfast for Mark. He ………… (eat) breakfast.
6 What’s the matter? You ………… (look) very happy.
7 Don’t try to ring the bell. It ………… (work).
8 I hate telephone answering machines. I just ………… (like) talking to them.
9 Matthew is good at badminton. He ………… (win) every game.
10 We always travel by bus. We ………… (own) a car.

C. Put the verb in the brackets into the correct form:

1. Diane can’t come to the phone because she (wash) ………… her hair.
2. Diane (wash) ………… her hair every other day or so.
3. Kathy (sit/usually) ………………. in the front row during class, but today she (sit) ………… in
the last row.
4. Please be quiet! I (try) ………… to concentrate.
5. A: Look! It (snow) ………… .
B: It’s beautiful! This is the first time I’ve ever seen snow. It (not/snow) ………… in my country.
6. After three days of rain, I’m glad that the sun (shine) ………… again today.
7. Every morning, the sun (shine) ………… in my bedroom window and (wake) ………… me up.
8. (You/always/lock) …………………… the door to your apartment when you leave?
9. Pierre (smoke) ………… twenty cigarettes a day, but he (not/smoke) ………… now because he’s
in class.
10. Mike is a student, but he (not/go) ………… to school right now because it’s summer. He (attend)
………… college from September to May every year, but in the summers he (usually/have)
………………….. a job at the post office. In fact, he (work) ………… there this summer.

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D. Complete the sentences, using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
1. I ………… Lisa ………… detective stories to romantic ones. (not think/prefer)
2. Gertrude and Joseph ………… of getting married this summer. (think)
3. This house was built by my grandfather. Now it ………… to me (belong)
4. There ………… to be something unusual about this house. (seem)
5. You’d better not drink that milk. It ………… bad. (smell)
6. Why ………… that shirt? Does it need washing? (you/smell)
7. Now that Sheila is twenty, she ………… a car of her own. (have)
8. I can’t help you with your homework at the moment. I ………… dinner. (have)
9. Carrick ………… to be honest. I think we can trust him. (appear)
10. This famous actress ………… on a TV show these days. (appear)

E. Correct the sentences if necessary. Tick () any which are already correct.
1. The kettle boils – shall I make tea?..........................................................................................
2. She doesn’t like to be disturbed if she’s working....................................................................
3. The climate gets warmer and warmer......................................................................................
4. Chetford Castle is standing on a hill outside the town.............................................................
5. I’m seeing my cousins tonight.................................................................................................
6. You are looking lovely when you’re smiling...........................................................................
7. He’s constantly leaving his papers all over the places.............................................................
8. I am seeing there’s been trouble in your neighborhood...........................................................
9. You’re all remembering what Hamlet says about suicide.......................................................
10. I’m always forgetting to lock the gate......................................................................................

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 Unit 2

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 PAST SIMPLE & PAST CONTINUOUS

A. THE PAST SIMPLE

+ Verb + -ed* I wanted it.

- Did not + verb I didn't want it.
? Did… + verb? What did you want?

*Regular verbs add -ed or -d to the verb:

want  wanted hope  hoped
Many common verbs are irregular
think  thought make  made
To be is irregular:
am/is (not)  was (not); are (not)  were (not)

The Past Simple tense is used to refer to

completed action in the past I sold my car about three months ago.
When we lived in New York, my father ran a bakery.
a series of completed actions I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to
swim.
Did you add flour, pour in the milk and then add the eggs?
habits in the past Did you bite your nails when you were a child?
When I was a teenager, my mum got really angry if I didn’t tidy
my bedroom.

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B. THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE FINAL –ED
1. The final –ed is pronounced /t/ after
/k/ - looked /tʃ/ - watched
/p/ - clapped /ʃ/ - finished
/s/ - missed /f/ - laughed
2. The final –ed is pronounced /ɪd/ after /d/ and /t/.
added graded decided
excited tasted objected
3. The final –ed is pronounced /d/ for the other cases.
grabbed hugged saved pleased massaged raged

C. THE PAST CONTINUOUS

+ Was/were + verb + -ing They were waiting.

- Was/were not + verb + -ing She wasn't waiting.
? Was/were … + verb + -ing? Were you waiting?

The Past Continuous tense is used to refer to

an action in progress at a particular time in This time last week I was taking a driving test.
the past. What were you doing at 8 o’clock yesterday?
a past action in progress when another action We were still having breakfast when Mark and
occurred. Marian called round.
past actions occurring at the same time. She was working hard to earn some extra money
and he was spending it all on drink.
repeated past actions, which the speaker finds She was always complaining about something.
annoying, with forever, continually,
constantly, always.

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BE CAREFUL
We use the CONTINUOUS with actions. We do NOT usually use it with STATE VERBS (See Unit 1)

NOTE:
WHEN, AS and WHILE
1 - WHEN/AS + the past simple or past continuous.
- WHILE + the past continuous

I didn’t say anything when / as / while the police were asking questions.
When / as my dad phoned, I was having a shower.

2 Use WHEN/AS to join past simple actions that happened one after the other.
When /As the phone rang, Jack answered it.
The train stopped when / as it arrived at the station.

PRACTICE

A Choose the words that has the underlined parts pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students
2. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards
3. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes
4. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals
5. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks
6. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses
7. A. villages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes
8. A. offers B. mounts C. kitchens D. words
9. A. likes B. works C. accidents D. names
10. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays

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B Choose the underlined words has pronounced differntly from the others.
1. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. displayed
2. A. removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed
3. A. knocked B. booked C. stopped D. called
4. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D. stepped
5. A. wanted B. parked C. stopped D. watched
6. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
7. A. believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
8. A. lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
9. A. practiced B. ranged C. washed D. touched
10. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed

C Choose the correct answer

1. You'd better go to bed early tonight. The plane ..... at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning so we'll have
to be up by 4.30!
a) will leave b) leaves c) leave d) is leaving
2. My father ..... too much!
a) smoking b) smokes c) smoke d) is smoking
3. You should see the new Brad Pitt film. He plays the part of a cowboy who ..... up a lawless
town.
a) is cleaning b) cleans c) cleaned d) clean
4. Woo-Jin and I ..... basketball after school today. Do you want to play too?
a) played b) play c) is playing d) are playing
5. Oil ..... on water.
a) is floating b) floats c) floating d) float
6. Why ..... ? You should be listening to me!
a) you talk b) you are talking c) do you talk d) are you talking
7. What ..... next weekend, Yoshi?
a) you doing b) you do c) do you do d) are you doing
8. Jane: Do you play the piano?
Mary: No, I …. any musical instrument!
A) isn’t playing b) don’t play c) doesn’t play d) am not playing
9. Money ..... on trees!
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 a) isn’t growing b) don’t grow c) doesn’t grow d) didn’t grow
10. You ..... into things and breaking them. How can anyone be so clumsy?
a) are always bumping b) always bumps
c) always bumping d) always bump
11. "What ..... about the plan to shorten the school holidays?"
a) you think b) will you think c) do you think d) are you thinking
12. Jane: “What ….. about?”
Mary: “My summer holidays! I wish I was still lying on the beach.”
a) you thinking b) does he think c) do you think d) are you thinking
13. My father ..... me to school this week because we had an accident and our car is being repaired.
a) isn’t driving b) hadn’t driven c) don’t drive d) doesn’t drive
14. A new hotel ..... in the centre of town.
a) is built b) is building c) is being built d) built

D Complete the following sentences using appropriate simple past or past continuous forms.
1. I ________________ (call) Mr. Wilson at 9 last night, but he (not be) _________________at
home. He (study) _______________ at the library
2. I _________________ (not hear) the thunder during the storm last night because I
________________ (sleep)
3. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun_____________ (shine).
The birds____________ (sing)
4. My brother and sister ________________ (talk) about something when I ________________
(walk) into the room.
5. Tom went to his friends ‘house, but the boys ___________________ (not be) there. They
(play)_____________soccer in the vacant lot down the street.
6. The little boy ________________ (fall) asleep while his mother________________ (read) him a
story.
7. I really enjoyed my holiday last January. While it______________ (snow) in Iowa, the sun
______________ (shine) in Florida.
8. While Ted _______________ (shovel) snow from his driveway yesterday, his wife
_________________ (bring) him a cup of hot chocolate.
9. John _________________ (have) a car accident last week. He __________________ (drive)
down the street when suddenly a lorry __________________ (hit) his car from behind.
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 10. Ten years ago, the government _______________ (decide) to begin a food program. At that
time, many people in the rural areas _______________ (starve) due to several years of drought.
11. They ___________________ (wait) for me when I _________________ at the station (arrive)
12. She ________________ (swim) in the sea when I ___________________ her (see)
13. ___________________they__________________ (play) tennis when it
_________________ raining (start)?
14. We__________________ (drive) home from the theatre when the police
__________________ (stop) us.
15. The wind __________________ (blow) very hard when I ________________(go) out this
morning.
16. When she ____________________(leave) him, he ____________________(become) quite ill.
17. I _______________ (be) looking for some photos when you rang but I______________
(not find) them.

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 Unit 3

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 PAST HABIT

A. USED TO – WOULD – PAST SIMPLE

+ Used to + verb He used to read comics.

- Did not use to + verb We didn't use to read comics.
? Did … use to + verb? Did you use to read comics?

+ Would + verb He would read comics.

- Would not + verb We wouldn't read comics.
? Would … + verb? Would you read comics?

- USED TO / WOULD: past habits that they are no longer true:

I used to collect all the autographs of film stars when I was a teenager. (= she doesnt do this
now)
I would go up to town on my own. (= she doesn’t do this now)
- NOTE
+ USED TO can describe actions and states, but WOULD can only describe actions:
All the teenagers used to / would scream at pop concerts.
They used to be crazy about the Beatles. (not would be crazy)
+ Notice the position of frequency adverbs with used to:
I often used to study on my own. (not I used to often study)
+ USED TO to is mụch more common than WOULD.
- Past Simple
When I was a child, I visited my grandma every weekend.
When my brother was young, he liked spinach.

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B. BE / GET USED TO + -ING, PRONOUN or NOUN
1 BE USED TO means “be accustomed to. It can be past, present or future, unlike USED TO,
which is a past tense.
I'm used to working at weekends. (= I often work at weekends, its normal for me now)
- The question form is:
Are you used to working at weekends?
2 GET USED TO means 'gradually become accustomed to'. It can be past, present or future,
unlike USED TO , which is a past tense.
My new school starts at 7.30. I'm not used to starting classes so early but I guess I'll
soon get used to doing it.
(= My previous school started later, but l'lÍ soon become accustomed to the
change and it won't bother me.)
Compare
used to (past) verb
be/get used to (past, noun/pronoun/verb-ing
present, future)

3 BE/GET USED TO can be followed by -ing or by a noun/pronoun:

He wasn't used to criticism and found it hard to accept.
(= People hadn't criticised him before so he didnt like it.)
He doesn’t like that small town, but he’ll get used to it.
Don’t worry. John is used to driving for long hours. He has worked as a professional
driver for 20 years.

C. Sentence transformation
used to // not ... any more/any longer / no longer
Ex:
She used to go fishing.
She doesn't go fishing any more/any longer.
She no longer goes fishing.
No longer does she go fishing

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 PRACTICE

A Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the
other three in pronunciation in each of the following question
11. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked
12. A. watched B. stopped C. pushed D. improved
13. A. approached B. stocked C. developed D. painted
14. A. admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
15. A. played B. admired C. liked D. called
16. A. collected B. discarded C. watched D. wanted
17. A. placed B. practiced C. stopped D. named
18. A. hoped B. attracted C. added D. participated
19. A. equipped B. delivered C. transferred D. received
20. A. worked B. pumped C. watched D. contented

B Complete the sentences, using the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
11. Look out! The bus ………… (come)
12. There ………… our bus. We have to wait for the next one. (go)
13. According to the timetable, his train ………… at 7.45 p.m. (arrive)
14. I’ll phone you as soon as I ………… home. (get)
15. Hurry up! Everyone ………… for you! (wait)
16. Why …………? Is something wrong? (she/cry)
17. The universe …………, and has been since its beginning. (expand)
8. I’ll kill anybody who ………… my possessions. (touch)
9. “What’s your plan?” “We ………… to the pop concert this evening.” (go)
10. I ………… your sister ………… married. Is it right? (hear/get)

C Make an affirmative sentence, negative sentence or question using ‘used to + infinitive’:

1. I / live in a flat when I was a child.
_______________________________________________________________
2. We / go to the beach every summer?
_______________________________________________________________

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3. She / love eating chocolate, but now she hates it.
_______________________________________________________________
4. He / not / smoke.
_______________________________________________________________
5. I / play tennis when I was at school.
_______________________________________________________________
6. She / be able to speak French, but she has forgotten it all.
_______________________________________________________________
7. He / play golf every weekend?
_______________________________________________________________
8. They both / have short hair.
_______________________________________________________________
9. Julie / study Portuguese.
_______________________________________________________________
10. I / not / hate school.
_______________________________________________________________

D Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences.

1. When I started to work here I needed a lot of help, but now I ______ all the work on my own.
a. am used to doing b. used to do c. get used to doing
2. He ______ several books a month, but he doesn't have time any more.
a. was used to reading b. got used to reading c. used to read
3. We were surprised to see her driving – she ______ when we first met her.
a. didn't use to drive b. got used to driving c. was used to driving
4. Don't worry, it's a simple program to use. You ______ it in no time, I'm sure.
a. used to use b. are used to c. will get used to
5. When I had to commute to work every day I ______ very early.
a. used to getting up b. used to get up c get used to
6. I'm afraid I'll never ______ in this place. I simply don't like it and never will.
a. got used to living b. used to live c. get used to living
7. Whenever we came to Coventry, we always ______ in the Central Hotel. We loved it.
a. used to stay b. got used to staying c were used to stay

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8. When Pete Smith was the head of our office, everything ______ well organized. Now it's total
chaos here.
a. got used to be b. was used to being c. used to be
9. Mr. Lazy was shocked when he joined our busy company because he ______ doing much work
every day.
a. wasn't used to b. didn't use to c weren’t used to
10. At first the employees didn't like the new open-space office, but in the end they ______ it.
a. got used to b. get used to c. are used to

E Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1 I no longer wish to work here.
………………………………………………………………….
2 I don't want to play football any more.
………………………………………………………………….
3 My father no longer works in a hospital.
………………………………………………………………….
4 Since she has been on a diet, she doesn't eat bread any more.
………………………………………………………………….
5 I no longer do much sport.
………………………………………………………………….
6 My sister doesn't read science fiction books any more.
………………………………………………………………….
7 She is no longer late for school.
………………………………………………………………….
8 I don't like chocolate cakes any more.
………………………………………………………………….
9 They are not shy any more.
………………………………………………………………….
10 We no longer eat fried food.
………………………………………………………………….

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 Unit 4

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 The Present Perfect Tense

A. Present perfect
Form
Subject + has/have + past participle.

I/you/we/they have + past participle

+ They've arrived.
he/she/it has + past participle
I/you/we/they have not (haven't) + past participle
- He hasn't arrived.
he/she/it has not (hasn't) + past participle
Have I/you/we/they + past participle …?
? Has it arrived?
Has he/she/it + past participle …?

B. Present perfect or past simple

PRESENT PERFECT PAST SIMPLE

Unknown time. Known time.
He has seen that movie already. (We He saw that movie on Thursday. (We know
don’t know when he saw that movie.) exactly when he saw it.)

Unfinished actions (often with SINCE and Finished actions. (sometimes with FOR):
FOR):
I have lived in Victoria for five years. (I I lived in Victoria for five years. (I don’t live there
still live there.) now)
He’s been to the cinema five times this He went to the cinema five times last month. (Action
month (It’s still the same month – action not connected to the present – It’s the following month
connected to the present.) now.)
A finished action with a result in the A finished action with no result in the present.
present.
I’ve lost my keys! (The result is that I I lost my key yesterday. It was terrible! (Now there
can’t get into the house.) is no result. I got new keys yesterday.)

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for questions asking HOW LONG until for questions asking WHEN:
now: When did you meet?
How long have you known Annie?

C. Other uses of the present perfect

The Present Perfect Tense is used:
1. with JUST for an event a short time before now:
I’ve just met her. (= a few minutes ago). .
2. For a repeated action still continuing.
I have read Gone with the Wind. I still want to read it again.
We have been to Da Lat three times. We plan to go there on our next holiday.
3. with adverbs already, before, ever and never, meaning ‘before now’
We've already met.
Has he ever met her?
We’ve met before.
4. with superlatives
You make the best pizza I’ve ever eaten.
5. after the expressions the first/last etc. time:
That’s the second time you’ve asked me.

Time expressions usually used with Present Perfect

 just, ever, never, already, always
Have you ever eaten unusual food?
Tom has always dreamed of being in a musical.
 lately, recently.
Have you done anything interesting lately?
 so far, up to now, up to the present
Up to the present, George has written five books.
What have we learned so far?

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  since (from a starting point in the past)
for (over a period of time )
She has had four cups of coffee since she woke up.
He has worked as a teacher for four years.
 yet, still
Vicky has got a present, but she hasn’t opened it yet.
Has your course started yet?
NOTE: Rita hasn’t booked a holiday yet.
Rita still hasn’t booked a holiday.
 today, this week, this month, etc.
We have done quite a lot of work today.
Have you had a holiday this year ?
 in the past (ten) days/weeks/months/years
Have you done anything interesting for her in the past ten years?
 in the last (years), in the last (few) (weeks)
I’ve seen that movie six times in the last months.
 all ( my ) life
I have lived in Can Tho all my life.
They have worked here all their life.

Have gone to / Have been to

 To GO has two forms in the present perfect:
have/has gone and have/has been.
 The meanings are different.
He’s been to the shops. (= He went there and then returned home.)
She’s gone to the city centre. (= She went there and she’s there now.)

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 PRACTICE

A Put the verbs in the brackets into the Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple or Past
Continuous.
1. John (to buy)..............................................several records last week.
2. I (to be born).............................................. in Hanoi but (to spend).............................................. most
of my childhood in the country.
3. My elder brother (to join)....................................... the army when he (to be).........................................
eighteen.
4. It (to rain).............................................. very hard now.
5. It (to rain).............................................. very hard when I (to get up) ...................this morning.
6. What you (to do).............................................. yesterday? - I (to get up)..............................................
very early, (to have) ..............................................my breakfast and then I (to
go).............................................. to my office.
7. On my way to work I generally (to meet) ..............................................many children who (to
go) ..............................................to school.
8. My children (to work)........................................... very hard. Lan (to study).........................................
for an examination now.
9. The sun (to warm).......................................... the air and (to give)........................................... us light.
10. They (to finish).............................................. their dinner half an hour ago.

B Tick the verb phrases that are correct and rewrite the incorrect one, using USED TO where
possible.
0 The lights went out while I was getting the lunch ready yesterday. 
0 When Jim was younger, he wasn’t taking much exercise. didn’t use to take
1 Three years ago, Tony used to be in the army.
2 Sally made several mistakes because he wasn’t concentrating.
3 I took my umbrella because I could see it rained.
4 When Jill was young, she was keeping a diary.
5 The doctor called to see my mother every day last week.
6 I read the text again because I wasn’t understanding it very well.

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C. Alina is in an interview for a volunteer job at the local dog refuge. Circle the correct words.
BOSS: So, Alina, why do you want to come and work for us?
ALINA: Well, I’ve always / never / ever (0) loved animals.
BOSS: OK, and do you have any experience of dogs, especially?
ALINA: Yes, we’ve had dogs at home in 2003 / all my life / last year (1).
BOSS: So have you never / yet / ever (2) trained them and looked after them?
ALINA: Yes, in fact, I’ve still / just / yet (3) trained a new puppy.
BOSS: And have you ever / still / always (4) had to deal with problem dogs?
ALINA: No, I’ve still / never / yet (5) worked with problem dogs.
BOSS: Hmm, but you’ve always / yet / already (6) spent some time here, haven’t you?
ALINA: Yes, I’ve helped out with the paperwork in the office several times / last week /
in June (7), but I haven’t worked with the animals yet / ever / already (8).

D. Fill in “has/have been to/in”, “has/have gone to”

1 Bertha’s not here. She has gone to the library.
2 I …………….. Madrid, but only spent a few days there.
3 “How long ……… you ……… Birmingham?” “For nearly two years”
4 Tom is alone because his parents …………….. the seaside for the weekend.
5 Julia …………….. the supermarket – she’ll be back in about an hour.

E What would you say in these situations? Use TIME and the Present Perfect.
* You are watching a cricket match. You have never seen one before.
This is the first time I’ve seen a cricket match.
1 You have lost your bank card. It has happened once before.
.............................................................................................................................................
2 The washing machine has broken down. This has happened twice before.
.............................................................................................................................................
3 You are in England for the first time in your life.
.............................................................................................................................................
4 You are staying in a hotel where you once stayed before.
.............................................................................................................................................
5 You have missed the bus. You’ve done the same thing about four times before.
.............................................................................................................................................

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 Unit 5

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 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used

1) To talk about situations which started in the past and are still happening.
She has been waiting for two hours but there’s still no sign of him. (She’s still waiting.)
I’ve been feeling ill since I got up this morning.
2) To talk about actions which have just stopped and have a result, which we can often see, hear or
feel in the present.
She has been painting her room. It smells of paint.
It’s been raining. The pavement is wet.
You’re out of breath. Have you been running?
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
Time expressions usually used with Present Perfect Continuous.
 for, since
My sister has been staying with me for three weeks now.
You’ve been playing on that computer since seven o’clock.
 all (week), for (days), over the last few (months)
They haven’t been working all week. They’re on strike.
She hasn’t been talking to me for weeks.
You haven’t been getting good results over the last few months.

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B. Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous?

Present perfect Present Perfect Continuous

Completed event Ongoing activity

Mike has repaired his car. Mike has been repairing his car.
( The car is all right now ) (Mike is doing the repair and getting oil on his
hands)
Some more examples
We’ve finished our tour of Scotland. We’ve been touring Scotland.
The wind has blown a tree over. A strong wind has been blowing all day.
I’ve written an essay. I can hand it in now. I’ve been writing an essay. I’m tired now.

To say HOW MUCH/MANY To say HOW LONG

How many driving lessons have you had? How long have you been learning to drive?
Rachel has played at least twenty CDs. Rachel has been playing music all day.
I’ve ironed eight shirts. I’ve been ironing shirts since ten o’clock.

With verbs which describe a continuous state, e.g. live, study, wait, work, there is little
contrast.
She has lived in London for 2 years. She’s been living in London for 2 years.
How long has Tom worked here? How long has Tom been working here?

We cannot normally use the continuous form with a state verb (see Unit 1)
I’ve known the secret for a long time. I’ve been knowing the secret.
My parents have had this car for about ten years.
We’ve never been happy here, I’m afraid.

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C. STRUCTURAL CONVERSION
 I’ve never met such a charming girl
 She’s the most charming girl I’ve ever met.
 It’s a long time since she wrote to me.
 She hasn’t written to me for a long time.
 She started learning French two years ago.
 She’s been learning French for two years.
 She hasn’t returned yet.
 She still hasn’t returned.
 I’ve never seen this film before.
 It’s the first time I’ve (ever) seen this film.
 She came to London a year ago.
 She has been in London for a year.
 The last time I went out was a month ago.
 I haven’t been out for a month.

PRACTICE

A For each sentence, choose between the present simple and the present continuous. Both can be
used to refer to the future.
18. This is a terrible film, Tony! When ...................it? (finish)
19. She ................... (not see) Tim tonight or ever again. They broke up last week.
20. The library ................... (close) in five minutes and I have four books to return before they fine me!
21. After this lesson, I ................... (see) a friend at McDonald’s for a burger and a chat.
22. ................... you (use)................... your motorbike tonight? I want to borrow it.
23. I’m going to be late! What time ................... (this train/arrive) in Chicago?
24. We are all very excited about going away tomorrow. The taxi ................... (arrive) at 7 a.m. to take
us to the airport.
25. And the plane ................... (leave) at 10 a.m.
26. I can’t see you tonight. I ................... (go) to the theatre with Mike.
27. And the play ................... (finish) very late. Sorry!

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28. Go to the supermarket and buy that special shampoo for the dog. I ................... (give) him a bath
tonight.
29. I want to go and see a Rembrandt exhibition at the National and Portrait Gallery. It ...................
(start) tomorrow morning.

B Put in the verbs. Use the Present Perfect Continuous.

Ilona Sorry I’m late.
Emma It’s OK. (0) I haven’t been waiting (I/not/wait) long.
What (1) ……………… (you/do) ?
Ilona I’ve been with Mrs King. (2) ……………… (she/help) me with my English.
Emma Your English is very good. You don’t need lessons, surely.
How long (3) ……………… (you/study) English ?
Ilona Er, eight years now. But my accent wasn’t so good before I came to England.
(4) ……………… (I/try) to improve it. I think (5) …………… (it/get) better lately.
Emma Your accent is fine, Ilona. Honestly.

C Put the verbs in Simple Past or Present Perfect.

1. I (just/finish) ……………… my homework. I’m going to watch TV.
2. Mary (already/write) ……………… five letters. She’s going to send one of them.
3. Tom (move) ……………… to this town in 1994. He likes this city very much.
4. My friend (be) ……………… in Canada two years ago. Now she is living in Australia.
5. I (not/be) ……………… to Japan so far. I hear that it’s a beautiful country.
6. I (already/travel) ……………… to London a couple of times. London is an exciting city.
7. Last week Mary and Paul (go) ……………… to the cinema.
8. I can’t take any pictures because I (not/buy) ……………… a new film yet.
9. ( they/spend) ……………… their holiday in New Zealand last summer.
10. (you/ever/see) ……………… a grey whale ?

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D Put the verbs in Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I (read) ……………… this book for two weeks, but I (not/finish) ……………… it yet.
2. My brother (work) ……………… at the language all the time and (make) ……………… great
progress.
3. Doctors and scientists (show) ……………… recently the benefit of fish in the diet.
4. I (try) ……………… to get into contact with them for a long time, but now I (give)
……………… it up hopelessly.
5. My father (be) ……………… busy with the decoration of the house. In fact, he (work)
……………… very hard this week.
6. I (finish / just) ……………… my math homework. I (have) ……………… a lot of homework
since the beginning of this month.
7. I (work) ……………… on this essay since 2 o’clock. I (have) ……………… 5 essays to do this
week.
8. Jane (know) ……………… Bob for 7 years. They (be) ……………… friends for a long time.
9. This is the most confusing experience. I ……………… (never, have) ……………… such a
confusing one like this before.
10. My sister (practise) ……………… piano lesson for 2 hours. She (play) ……………… three
times this week.

E Complete the sentences using the words in bold. Use two to five words.
1. It’s a week since I last saw him.
seen I haven’t seen him for a week.
2. He has never seen this film before.
ever It’s the first time ……………………………………… this film.
3. The last time he visited her was a week ago.
for He ……………………………………………………… a week.
4. They started learning computing two months ago.
been They ……………………………………………………… two months.
5. It’s the fastest car I’ve ever driven.
never I …………………………………………………………… fast car.
6. They haven’t come back yet.
still They ………………………………………………………… back.

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7. It’s the first time he’s ever seen a skyscraper.
never He …………………………………………………………… before.
8. She started writing a novel a year ago.
been She …………………………………………………………… for a year.
9. That’s the smallest car I’ve ever seen.
small I have …………………………………………………………… car.
10. I haven’t called Ted for a long time.
since It’s a long time …………………………………………………… Ted.
11. She hasn’t sold the house yet.
still She ……………………………………………………………… house.
12. This is the most delicious meal I have ever eaten.
such I have …………………………………………………………… meal.
13. I’ve never read that book before.
first It’s the ………………………………………………………… that book.
14. I haven’t been swimming for a week.
was The last ……………………………………………… a week ago.
15. He has been learning Russian for six months.
started He ……………………………………………………………… ago.

G Complete the second sentence using the words in brackets + TO… .

1. Nobody spoke before me. (the first) I was the first person to speak .
2. Everybody else arrived before Paul.
(the last) Paul was ……………………………………………………………………
3. Emily passed the exam. All the other students failed.
(the only) Emily was …………………………………………………………………
4. I complained to the restaurant manager about the service. Another customer had
already complained.
(the second) I was ……………………………………………………………………
5. Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969. Nobody had done this before him.
( the first) Neil Armstrong was ………………………………………………………

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 Unit 6

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 PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

A. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE is used for
 a past action that happened before a past simple action
She had worked in Born before she moved to Stuttgart.
 an action that happened before a stated time.
He had completed the work by tea-time.
EXPRESSIONS which are often used with the past perfect simple: by, till, until, before, when, by
the time, no sooner, hardly, barely, scarcely.
Danny had never seen a real cow till I showed him one last Friday
He didn’t leave until he had talked with the boss.
By the time she got to the theatre, the play had begun.
I had no sooner got home than the telephone rang.
I had hardly/barely/scarcely fallen asleep when there was an earthquake.
NOTE
 When either BEFORE or AFTER is used in the sentence, the Past Perfect Simple is often not
necessary because the time relationship is very clear. The Simple Past may be used.
Sam had left before Ann got there.
Sam left before Ann got there.
After the guests had left, I went to bed.
After the guests left, I went to bed.
 We avoid the use of the past perfect if two past actions are close in time or closely connected.
When he reached the airport, he checked in immediately.
The curtain rose and the show began.
Compare
When he stopped laughing, everyone left. (= they left after he stopped laughing)
When he stopped laughing, everyone had left. (= they left before he stopped laughing)
I got up when the phone rang. (= the phone rang and then I got up)
I had gone to bed when the phone rang (= I went to bed and then the phone rang.

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B. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS is used to stress that a past perfect action was continuous or
repeated. Remember that many verbs do not have a continuous form.
We had been walking for hours before we saw any wildlife.
The house smelt fantastic because Mum had been baking.

TIME EXPRESSIONS for, since, how long.

Bill had been saving since Christmas to buy a new bike.
She had been suffering from flu for two days when she was interviewed.

STRUCTURAL CONVERSION

He started working as soon as she left.

 He started working when she had left.
 He didn’t start working until she had left.
 He waited until she had left before he started working.
 Not until she had left did he start working.
After I had had dinner, I went to bed.
 After having dinner I went to bed.
 Having had dinner I went to bed.

PRACTICE

1. Correct the sentences if necessary. Tick any which are already correct.
1. I am studying English here since August.
2. I’ve interviewed five applicants and it’s still only 11.30!
3. We have met several fascinating people at the conference last week.
4. 0nce upon a time a beautiful princess has lived in a castle …
5. Have you ever read any of Hemingway’s novels?
6. I’ve been owning this answerphone for three years.
7. They haven’t been selling all the tickets for the Cup Final yet.

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8. My friends are married for a long time now
9. I haven’t been feeling at all well lately.
10. A light plane has been crashing in the French Alps.
11. I’ve already been speaking to the delegates three times.
12. A barrister in a case which is being heard at the High Court in London has accused the authorities
of negligence.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct past tense of the verb in brackets.
1. Helena (receive) ……………… hospital treatment for a year before the doctors finally (tell)
……………… her their diagnosis.
2. The party chairman only (make) …………. a statement after there (be) ……………… a lot of
speculation in the press.
3. Julia (try) ……………. several computer dating agencies by the time she (meet) ……………. and
(fall in love) ………………… with George.
4. Sharon eventually (find) …………… the job she (want) …………. last year, although she
(graduate) …………… the year before.
5. The official I (ask) ……………. to speak to (not be) ……………..there. Apparently he (go)
…………… abroad on business.
6. When the doctor (arrive) …………. at the scene of the accident, he (realize) ………………. the
victim still (breathe) ……………….. .
7. The workmen (spend) ……………. all morning digging the trench, and by lunchtime they (finish)
………………… it.
8. When the ship (hit) ……………….. the reef, most of the crew (play) …………… cards, and the
passengers (have) …………… dinner.
9. It (rain) ………………. and (begin) ……………… to get very cold as I (set out) ……………. on
my long walk home.
10. When she (be) …………………… a child, she always (want) ……………….. to do the most
dangerous things.
11. I suddenly (recognize) ………………. the town square. I (be) …………………. there ten years
before.
12. When my friend (open) ………………. the door, I (feel) ……………… like hitting him. I (ring)
……………… his doorbell at least twenty minutes.

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13. When Oscar (go back) ……………. into the room, his colleagues still (quarrel) ……………. about
the coffee.
14. I (not answer) ……………. the phone immediately, because I (try) ………………. to finish some
work.
15. When you (get) …………………… your first job?
16. Between 1989 and 2000 they (work) ………………. in three different countries, and (move)
………………. house five times.

3. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the
same as the sentence printed above it.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
Not only_______________________________________________________
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
No sooner _____________________________________________________
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
Hardly _______________________________________________________
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
Not until ______________________________________________________
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
Only _________________________________________________________
6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
Never ________________________________________________________
7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
Under the table _________________________________________________
8. His brother had rarely been more excited.
Rarely_________________________________________________________
9. The facts were not all made public until later.
Only__________________________________________________________
10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
Had___________________________________________________________
11. The response to our appeal was so great that we have to take on more staff.
Such__________________________________________________________

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12. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.
Not only ______________________________________________________
13. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
Little _________________________________________________________
14. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
Should________________________________________________________
15. The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.
In ___________________________________________________________
16. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.
So ___________________________________________________________
17. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election.
Were__________________________________________________________
18. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
No sooner _____________________________________________________
19. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
Such__________________________________________________________
20. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.
Seldom________________________________________________________
21. You won’t be allowed in until your identity has been checked.
Only__________________________________________________________
22. Just after the play started there was a power failure.
Hardly________________________________________________________
23. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.
Rarely_________________________________________________________
24. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
Scarcely_______________________________________________________
25. Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.
On no_________________________________________________________
26. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.
Never before___________________________________________________
27. The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began.
Barely______________________________________________________

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4. Complete the sentence using the words in bold.
1. They started eating as soon as the last guests arrived.
had They waited until ……………………………………………………….. .
2. The last time I saw Peter was 14 February.
since I …………………………………………………………………………. .
3. I’ve never spoken to such a rude person.
the He is …………………………………………………………………….. .
4. They didn’t go to bed until the programme had finished.
when They ……………………………………………………………………….
5. While they were going away on holiday, someone broke into their house.
that It ………………………………………………………………………… .
6. When did your neighbours leave this town ?
since How long ………………………………………………………………... ?
7. She started cooking when he arrived.
until She ………………………………………………………………………. .
8. After he had finished his homework, he went for a walk.
for Having …………………………………………………………………… .
9. It’s weeks since I last went to the countryside.
been I …………………………………………………………………………… .
10. Our school has never held a Christmas party before.
time It’s ………………………………………………………………………… .
5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced
differently from that of the rest in each of the follwing questions.
1. A. naked B. passed C. attacked D. fixed
2. A. declares B. inherits C. corresponds D. covers
3. A. solved B. stylized C. survived D. stretched
4. A. diploma B. category C. leftovers D. social
5. A. crumble B. vulnerable C. dump D. cactus
6. A. searches B. edges C. measures D. colleges
7. A. factor B. sword C. absorb D. fork
8. A. epidemic B. pretend C. reject D. hesitate
9. A. preserve B. pattern C.vertical D. insert
10. A. marital B. irritate C. tension D.soften
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 Unit 7

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 THE SIMPLE FUTURE

The Simple Future is used for:

1. On-the-spot decisions (decisions made at the moment of speaking) (Comp. Be going to, p. 3)
I’m hungry. I’ll cook something to eat.
A: I haven’t done the washing up. B: Don’t worry! I’ll do it for you.
2. For predictions based on your opinion. We often use words like expect, think, suppose, hope,
believe, wonder, be sure, be afraid, fear, etc. (Comp. Be going to, p. 3)
I think he’ll pass the test.
I hope he’ll stay in touch.
 NOTE
o We often say I think I’ll … and I don’t think I’ll …
I think he’ll say “No”.
I don’t think he’ll do it.
o We often use WILL with the adverbs certainly, definitely, probably, possibly. Use these
adverbs after will but before won’t.
I’ll definitely go to the party.
I probably won’t go.
o We can also use WILL with perhaps, maybe ( = possibly), but they go in initial position.
Perhaps/Maybe it’ll rain tomorrow.
It’ll possibly rain tomorrow.
3. For offers
I’ll / We’ll give you a hand if you like.
4. For promises.
Can you lend me this book ? I’ll pay it back tomorrow.
Believe me. I’ll never do it again.
5. For requests.
Will you help me with the dishes ?
Make me a cup of coffee, will you ?

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 NOTE
o We can also use CAN, COULD , WOULD , DO YOU MIND/WOULD YOU MIND
VERB –ING ? to make a request.
A : Can/Could/Will/Would you take off you hat ? B : Of course.
A : Do you mind /Would you mind waiting a moment ? B: No, I can wait./No,
not at all./ Of course not.
TIME EXPRESSIONS tomorrow, tonight, next week/month, in two/three, etc days, the day after
tomorrow, soon, in a week/month, etc.

SHALL

1. We can use SHALL for the future, but only in the first person, after I and we. We do not use
SHALL in American English.
I will be / I shall be on holiday in August. ( I’ll be on holiday in August.)
We will know / We shall know the results soon. ( We’ll know the results soon.)
2. We also use SHALL I / SHALL WE ?
 For offers
Shall I / Shall we help you cross the road ?
We can also use I’ll/We’ll or Can I /we ? to offer to do something for someone.
I’ll / We’ll do that for you.
Can I / Can we help you cross the road ?
 For suggestions
Shall we go out ?
Other ways of making suggestions are We could/We might/ Let’s/Why don’t we ?/
How about + verb –ing ?
We could/might go to the cinema.
Let’s go home. / Why don’t we go home ? / How about going home ?
 To ask for advice
Shall I apply for the job ?

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 BE GOING TO

A. BE GOING TO FOR A PREDICTION

When we say something is going to happen, we know this from the situation now. What is
happening now shows that something is going to happen in the future. ( Comp. Will, p. 1)
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

B. BE GOING TO FOR THE FUTURE

We use be going to + infinitive (without TO) when we say what we have planned, intended or
decided to do in the future ( but perhaps not arranged to do it) (Comp. Will, p. 1)
She’s going to be an architect.
Are you going to clean your shoes ?

C. PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR FUTURE USE

We use Present Continuous when we say what we have arranged to do in the future, especially when
we already know the time and place.
What time are you meeting Ann this evening ?
I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plane ticket.

D. PRESENT SIMPLE FOR FUTURE USE

We use Present Simple to talk about future events which are part of a timetable or schedule.
On 2 September we leave Hongkong.
On Wednesday I have Geography.

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 OTHER WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE FUTURE

be + infinitive with TO for future plans.

The meeting is to take place on Wednesday.
be about to do something / be on the point of + verb –ing for immediate future.
They are about to leave.
They are on the point of leaving.
be due to + infinitive without TO means be arranged to do something.
The plane is due to arrive at 9.00.

PRACTICE

1. Complete the predictions using the verbs in brackets and either will certainly, will probably,
will possibly, probably won’t or definitely won’t.
50 years from now …
1. There will probably be a city on Mars. (be)
2. People ……………………. through the air and not on roads. (travel)
3. There ……………………. a vaccine for colds. (be)
4. We ……………………. all our classes at home. (have)
5. Robots ……………………. think like human. (be able to)
6. There ……………………. a lot of oil in the world. (be)
7. We ……………………. coins any more. (have)
8. We ……………………. live forever. (be able to)

2. Underline the correct options. Sometimes both options are possible.

1. Your plan won’t / is not going to work.
2. Those cakes look lovely. I ‘ll / ‘m going to take two.
3. The actor, Tom Dickins, has been found guilty of stealing and will / is going to spend one year in
prison.
4. She will / ‘s going to have a baby next month.
5. They will / are going to get married on Saturday.
6. I hope I ‘ll / ‘m going to see you later.

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7. The sky is very dark. It ‘ll / ‘s going to rain.
8. Who will / is going to be there tonight ?

3. Complete the dialogues using the verbs in the box and will or be going to. Sometimes both
forms are possible.
be buy have land not like sell stay win
1. A : I hope the party goes well tomorrow.
B : Don’t worry. Everything ‘s going to be / will be all right.
2. A : Who do you think ……………………. the match ?
B : The blue team – they’ve already scored two goals.
3. A : Do you have any plans for the holidays ?
B : Mum and Dad have to work. I ……………………. at my cousin’s for a couple of weeks.
4. A : This is such a long flight!
B : Don’t worry. We ……………………. soon.
5. A : Why are you cleaning your bike ?
B : I don’t ride it any more – I ……………………. it.
6. A : I forgot to get some milk!
B : Don’t worry! We ……………………. some on the way home.
7. A : Would you like apple or orange juice ?
B : I ……………………. apple juice, please.
8. A : I’ve bought Mum a new top.
B : She probably ……………………. it. It’s too bright.

4. Complete the dialogue between Pat and his friend Sam using the verbs in brackets in the
Present Continuous ( future use ) or be going to future. Sometimes more than one answer is
possible.
Sam : Hi Pat! It’s good to see you! I’ve been reading all your news on the blog.
What 1) are you going to do (do) now ?
Pat : I 2) ……………………. (get) a job. I 3) ……………………. (meet) someone from
Euroflight on Monday to talk about jobs in the company.
Sam : You 4) ……………………. (not be able to ) give up travelling!
Pat : I know. I 5) ……………………. (find) it really difficult. But I’ve promised my Mum and
anyway I haven’t got any money left.
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Sam : So, no more travelling ever ?
Pat : I don’t think I’ll ever stop travelling. I haven’t seen the Americas yet. One day I 6)
……………………. (travel) along the Pacific coast. And I’ve already booked a weekend away next
month. I (7) ……………………. (go) to Scotland. Some friends and I 8) …………………….
(spend) the weekend in the mountains
Sam : You haven’t stopped at all! Where 9) ……………… you ……………(live) ?
Pat : I (10) ……………………. (rent) flat with my friend, Conor. We 11) …………………….
(look at) some possible places next week.

5. Underline the correct options.

1. Is it / Would it all right if I give Alex my ticket ?
2. Could / May you open this for me ?
3. Will /Shall you talk to him more ?
4. Might / Would you pass me the salt ?
5. Would you mind not to make / not making so much noise ?
6. What shall / let’s we do tonight ?
7. Why don’t we sit / sitting down ?
8. I might / will definitely see you there.

6. Complete the sentences using verbs from the box. Sometimes more than one verb is possible.

could‘ll mind shall will

1. What shall / could we give him for his birthday ?
2. ……………………. you possibly come back later ?
3. Would you mind ……………………. giving me your email address ?
4. I ……………………. be careful, I promise.
5. ……………………. you come with me to the hospital ?
6. Do you think you ……………………. bring the book in the morning ?
7. ……………………. I put the boxes over here ?

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7. Complete each sentence b so that it means the same as sentence a . Use two to five words
including the word in brackets.
1. a How about having a party ? (Let’s)
b Let’s have a party.
2. a Is it a good idea for me to tell you a story ? (shall)
b ……………………. a story ?
3. a Is it a good idea to talk tomorrow ? (why)
b ……………………. tomorrow ?
4. a I’ll make dinner tonight. (shall)
b ……………………. tonight ?
5. a Can I leave early ? (right)
b ……………………. I leave early ?
6. a May I ask you some questions ? (do)
b ……………………. if I ask you some questions ?
7. a Do you think you could pick me up later ? (possibly )
b ……………………. pick me up later ?
8. a I’d like to see the doctor, please . (may)
b ……………………. , please ?

8. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. Don’t answer the door until I … back.
a. come b. came c.will come d. had come
2. Prices … all the time. Everything is getting more and more expensive.
a. rises b. are rising c. were rising d. had risen
3. “ Have you been abroad recently ? ” “ I last … abroad in 2004.”
a. go b. went c. have gone d. was going
4. Five dollars … all that he had when he first arrived in this city.
a. have been b. has been c. were d. was
5. “ When are you going to send the memo to the staff ? “
“ I … it already “
a. send b. had sent c. have sent d. was to send

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6. “ Betty told me that you have a cottage on Lake Superior “
“ Yes, we … there since we first moved to Michigan. “
a. had gone b. have been going c.are going d. had been going
7. As soon as Debbie got out of bed, she opened the window and … in fresh air.
a. breathes b. breathed c. was breathing d. has breathed
8. “ Why are your hands so dirty ? “ “ Because I … on my car. “
a. had been working b. have been working
c. have worked d. had worked
9. I wish Maureen worked as hard as Theresa … .
a. does b. can c. will d. did
10. I haven’t had a Chinese meal … .
a. since ages b. for 2002 c. since 2 years d. for years
11. Peter … a second-hand car, but regretted later.
a. buys b. has bought c. bought d. would buy
12. “ When did you arrive ? “ “… “
a. Tomorrow b. Yesterday c. For two days d. Once again
13. “ I hate opera. “ “… . “
a. I will, too b. I can, too c. I am, too d. I do, too
14. Fish always … delicious when my mother cooks it.
a. tasted b. is tasting c. has been tasted d. tastes
15. I haven’t … decided where to go on holiday.
a. yet b. already c. still d. just
16. I couldn’t answer the phone immediately because I … to finish some work.
a. try b. am trying c. was trying d. have tried
17. Once you … used to the job, it won’t seem so bad.
a. get b. got c. will get d. had got
18. From now on, we won’t be able to go out as much as we … .
a. were b. had c. used to d. will
19. When Carol went back into the room, her colleagues … about the coffee.
a. still quarrel b. were still quarreling
c. are still quarreling d. have been still quarreling
20. Paula … her new dress, isn’t she ?
a. wears b. wore c. is wearing d. has been wearing
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21. Kevin and Dorothy are on holiday in Dalat. They…at a hotel near Xuan Huong Lake.
a. stay b. are staying c. stayed d. were staying
22. Computers … more and more important in our lives.
a. had become b. became c. were becoming d. are becoming
23. These tourists have been to our country for the first time, and they … our traditional music very
much.
a. love b. are loving c. loved d. were loving
24. Look! He … you how to mend it next time it breaks.
a. shows b. is showing c. was showing d. show
25. The trees … their leaves now that it’s autumn.
a. are losing b. lose c. has lost d. were losing
26. Michael is an old friend. I … .
a. know him for ages b. know him since ages
c. have known him for ages d. have known him since ages
27. The children … .
a. play usually the same computer games. b. usually play the same computer games.
c. play the same usually computer games. d. usually the same computer games play.
28. Her husband … before going to work.
a. has always a quick breakfast b. has a quick breakfast always
c. always has a quick breakfast d. a quick breakfast always has
29. These farmers … their farmwork.
a. are contented normally with b. are normally contented with
c. are contented with normally d. normally with are contented
30. My father … before six o’clock.
a. seldom is at home b. at home is seldom
c. is at home seldom d. is seldom at home

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 Unit 8

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 DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH

Direct speech : we report the exact words which someone has used.
‘ I’m staying here tomorrow,’ said Helen.
Reported Speech : When we used reported speech, changes may have to be made to verb
tenses, pronouns and certain words indicating place and time.
Helen said (that) she was staying there the next day.
We can also use the same structures to report thoughts, ideas, beliefs, etc.
He believed men were much better players than women

A. Reporting statements.
Direct Speech Reported speech
STATEMENT THAT-CLAUSE
‘The plane will be late,’ they said. They said (that) the plane would be late.

1. The following changes are usually made to verbs. In each case the verb ‘moves back’ one tense.

Direct Speech Reported speech

Present Simple Past Simple
‘I work in an office,’ she said. She said she worked in an office.
Present Continuous Past Continuous
‘We are going away on holiday,’ she said. She said they were going away on holiday.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
‘I’ve known her for a long time,’ he said. He said he’d known her for a long time.
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
‘He’s been playing tennis,’ she said. She said he’d been playing tennis.
Past Simple Past Perfect
‘I saw Nigel in town,’ he said. He said (that) he’d seen Nigel in town.
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
‘We were trying to help him,’ she said. She said they’d been trying to help him.

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NB
a. The modal verbs will, shall, may and can change to would, should, might and could
‘Jim won’t be at the party.’ she said.
She said Jim wouldn’t be at the party.

b. Must stays the same or changes to had to.

‘I must win the match.’
She knew she must / had to win the match.

2. No changes are made in the verb tense,

a. if the verb in the direct speech is in the past perfect.
‘He had never spoken about it before,’ she said.
She said he had never spoken about it before.
b. if the direct speech contains one of the following verbs : would, might, could, should, ought
to, had better, used to and second and third conditionals, would rather, it’s time and should
have done, needn’t have done.
‘You should go to the church,’ he said.
He said I should go to the church.
‘It would be great if you could come,’ she said to him.
She thought it would be great if he could come.
‘You should have asked me to help you,’ he said.
He said we should have asked him to help us.
c. There is past or past continuous in a clause of time.
She said,’When I was swimming, I got cramp.’
She said (that) when she was swimming, she got cramp.
d. if the statement being reported is still true.
‘I like fish,’ she said.
She said she likes fish.
e. if the reporting verb (e.g. say, think.etc) is in the present, present perfect or future .
‘It’s 40o in Athens at the moment,’ (Jeremy to his mother on the phone)
Jeremy says it’s 40o in Athens at the moment. (Jeremy’s mother to her husband)
She has said,’I can cook well.’
She has said (that) she can cook well.
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3. Pronouns in direct speech may have to change when we used reported speech.
‘ I’ll see you soon,’ said Peter.
Peter said he would see me soon.
4. The following changes may also need to be made to words indicating place and time.

Direct speech Reported speech

now then
today that day
this morning that morning
tomorrow the next/following day
next week the next/following week
yesterday the day before/the previous day
two days ago two days before/earlier
last week the week before/the previous week
here there
come go
bring take

5. This, that, these and those can change to the.

‘That book you lent me is really boring,’ he said.
He said the book I had lent him was really boring.

B. Reporting verbs for statements.

1. Tell is used with a direct object.
He told me (that) he was getting married.
2. say and explain are used without a direct object.
3. She said (that) she was ill. NOT( She said me …)
They can, however, be used with an indirect object.
I explained to them (that) I’d left my passport at home.

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C. Reporting questions

Direct speech Reported Speech

QUESTION WH-CLAUSE or IF/WHETHER
CLAUSE (if there is no question word)
‘Why are you late ?’ she asked. She asked why I was late.
‘Are you feeling well ?’ he asked me. He asked me if/whether I was feeling well.

When we report a question we make the same changes to verb tenses, pronouns and words
indicating place and time as we do when we report statements.
The following changes are made :
Auxiliary verbs : auxiliary verbs do, does and did are omitted.
Word order : is the same as that of a statement.
Punctuations : question marks are not used.
Yes/No questions : if there is no question word (what, where, who, etc) in the direct
question, we use if or whether.
‘Does he smoke ?’
He asked if/whether he smoked.

PRACTICE

1. Complete the sentences with said or told. Then rewrite the direct speech as reported speech.
1. ‘I don’t believe your story,’ Jack said to his sister.
Jack said to his sister (that) he didn’t believe her story.
2. ‘I’ve spent all my money,’his mother / .
..................................................................................................................................
3. ‘We’ll be in London tomorrow,’ she / her friend.
..................................................................................................................................
4. ‘I arrived yesterday,’ / Mary .
..................................................................................................................................
5. ‘You always spoil my fun,’ Jack / his sister.
..................................................................................................................................

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6. ‘I’m not listening to you,’ Suzie / her dad.
..................................................................................................................................
7. ‘We can’t see you until next week,’ they / me.
..................................................................................................................................

2. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.

1. ‘I’m visiting Greece,’ says Angela. (up-to-date reporting)
Angela says she’s visiting Greece.
2. ‘I’ve never been to Paris before,’ said John
........................................................................................................................................
3. ‘I’m taking my driving test next week,’ she said.
........................................................................................................................................
4. ‘I don’t speak Spanish,’ said Sarah.
........................................................................................................................................
5. ‘My house is not far from the town centre,’ he says.
........................................................................................................................................
6. ‘Water boils at 100o C,’ he said.
........................................................................................................................................
7. ‘Australia is a very big country,’he said.
........................................................................................................................................
8. ‘If I see him, I’ll invite him to the party,’said Mary.
........................................................................................................................................
9. ‘I was locking the car when the traffic warden turned up, ‘ she said.
........................................................................................................................................
10. ‘I’m not going on holiday next week,’ he said.
........................................................................................................................................
11. ‘I’ve written five letters this morning,’said Eddy.
........................................................................................................................................
12. ‘I saw a really bad car accident last night,’ he said to me.
........................................................................................................................................
13. ‘I met David while I was working in Manchester,’ she said.
........................................................................................................................................

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 14. ‘I’ll see you later tonight,’ she said to him.
........................................................................................................................................
15. ‘It’s time you got a job,’ his mother said to him.
........................................................................................................................................
16. ‘If you had studied harder, you would have passed your exam,’ the teacher said to Tom.
........................................................................................................................................
17. ‘If I were rich, I would buy a mansion in Beverly Hills,’ she said.
........................................................................................................................................
18. ‘He doesn’t really like his new job,’ said Theresa.
........................................................................................................................................
19. ‘I won’t be home late,’ she said to her husband.
........................................................................................................................................
20. ‘I’ve been living here for five years,’ she said.
........................................................................................................................................

3. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.

1. ‘Will you be going to San Francisco next summer ?’ his boss asked.
His boss asked him if he would be going to San francisco the following summer.
2. ‘Why were you in a hurry ?’ she asked me.
..........................................................................................................................................
3. ‘Do you want a lift to work tomorrow ?’ he asked her.
..........................................................................................................................................
4. ‘What time have you arranged to meet Claire ?’ he asked her.
..........................................................................................................................................
5. ‘How long has Jane been working here ?’ she asked me.
..........................................................................................................................................
6. ‘ Who left the door open ?’ she asked them.
..........................................................................................................................................
7. ‘Did you actually see the man fall ?’ the reporter asked the bystander.
..........................................................................................................................................
8. ‘Will you give me a hand lifting the piano ?’ the workman asked his helper.
..........................................................................................................................................

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9. ‘Can you check the brakes please ?’ she asked the mechanic .
..........................................................................................................................................
10. ‘Have they finished renovating their house ?’ he asked me.
..........................................................................................................................................
11. ‘Is Mary still having a party next Saturday ?’ she asked me.
..........................................................................................................................................
12. ‘Where does your father work ?’ the teacher asked him.
..........................................................................................................................................
13. ‘Will they be hiring new staff for the summer ?’ she asked her.
..........................................................................................................................................
14. ‘Which of their songs do you like best ?’ he asked me.
..........................................................................................................................................
15. ‘Where will you be going this weekend ?’ Jean asked her.
..........................................................................................................................................

4. Complete the sentences using the words in bold.

1. Diana moved to London after finishing her degree.
since Diane ………………………………………………………………… .
2. Could you pass me the cheese, please ?
mind Would ……………………………………………………………….? .
3. They took ages to reach a decision.
them It ……………………………………………………………………… .
4. He is like his father in many ways.
takes He ……………………………………………………………………. .
5. Mr. Pearce didn’t take up golf until he retired.
took It wasn’t until Mr.Pearce …………………………………………….. .
6. Once they all arrived, she began the seminar.
had She waited …………………………………………………………… .
7. I’ve never spoken to such a rude person.
the He is …………………………………………………………………. .
8. He made me promise that I would keep it a secret.
to I ……………………………………………………………………… .

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9. How long is it since you found out about it ?
find When …………………………………………………………………?
10. Perhaps they will give us their new address.
give They …………………………………………………………………. .

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 Unit 9

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 Reported Commands, Requests, Suggestions, etc.

To report commands, requests, suggestions, etc we use an introductory verb (advise, ask, beg, offer,
suggest, etc) followed by
- a to-infinitive
- an –ing form
- a that-clause
‘Be careful,’ he said to me. He told me to be careful. (command)
‘Please don’t talk,’ he said to me He asked me not to talk. (request)
‘Let’s watch TV,’ he said. He suggested watching TV. (suggestion)
‘You’d better go to the dentist,’ he said He suggested that I (should) go to the dentist.
(suggestion)

Special Introductory Verbs.

1. Introductory verb + to-infinitive

Direct Speech Reported Speech
agree ‘Yes, I’ll take the job.’ He agreed to take the job.
claim ‘I’ve never seen her before.’ He claimed never to have seen her before.
demand ‘I must be informed of your He demanded to be informed of my
decision now.’ decision immediately.
offer ‘Shall I help you ?’ He offered to help me.
promise ‘I will write to you next week’ He promised to write to me the next/
following week.
refuse ‘No, I won’t tell you the He refused to tell me the answer.
the answer.’
threaten ‘Slow down or I’ll get out He threatened to get out of the car if I
the car.’ didn’t slow down.

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2. Introductory verb + sb + to-infinitive
Direct Speech Reported Speech
advise ‘You should see a doctor.’ He advised me to see a doctor.
allow ‘You can leave early.’ He allowed me to leave early.
ask ‘Please don’t shout at me.’ He asked me not to shout at him.
beg ‘Please, please, don’t punish He begged me not to punish him.
me.’
command ‘Turn around slowly.’ He commanded her to turn around
slowly.
encourage ‘Go on. Buy yourself a new He encouraged me to buy a new car.
car.’
forbid ‘You mustn’t talk during He forbade us to talk during the test.
the test.’
instruct ‘Turn left at the traffic lights.’ He instructed me to turn left at the traffic
lights.
invite ‘I’d like you to come to my He invited me (to go) to his wedding.
wedding.’
order ‘Stop talking at once !’ He ordered me to stop talking.
permit ‘You may enter the palace.’ He permitted me to enter the palace.

remind ‘Don’t forget to post the He reminded me not to forger to post

letters.’ the letters.
urge ‘Think about it very He urged me to think about it very
seriously.’ seriously.
warn ‘Don’t believe a word.’ He warned me not to believe a word.
want ‘I’d very much like you to He very much wanted me to go.
come.’

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3. Introductory verb + gerund
Direct Speech Repoted Speech
accuse sb of
‘You lied to me.’ He accused me of lying/having lied to him.
admit (to)
‘Yes, I’m the culprit.’ He admitted (to) being the culprit.
apologize (to sb)for
‘I’m sorry I missed the He apologized for having missed the
meeting.’ meeting.
boast about
‘I am more intelligent than He boasted about being more intelligent
you.’ than me.
charge sb with
‘You lied to me.’ He charged me with lying to him.
deny ‘I didn’t lose the tickets.’ He denied losing/having lost the tickets.
insist on ‘You must let me help you.’ He insisted on me/my letting him help me.
suggest ‘Let’s go to the park.’ He suggested going to the park.
complain to sb about gerund/noun
‘You are always late to work.’ He complained to me about my being late/
lateness for work.

4. Introductory verb + that clause

Direct Speech Reported Speech
agree ‘Yes, it is a foolish idea.’ He agreed that it was a foolish idea.’
boast ‘I am the best player of all.’ He boasted that he was the best player of all.
claim ‘ I’ve never seen her before.’ He claimed that he had never seen her.
complain ‘You never listen to me.’ He complained that I never listened to
him.
deny ‘No, I didn’t see the accident.’ He denied that he had seen the accident.
exclaim ‘What a horrible colour !’ He exclaimed that it was a horrible
colour.
explain ‘Cheating in an exam is a very He explained that cheating in an exam
serious matter.’ was a very serious matter.
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inform sb
‘The cheque for the car is in He informed that the cheque for the car
the post.’ was in the post.
promise ‘I’ll be very careful.’ He promised that he would be very
careful.
suggest ‘You ought to try harder,’ He suggested that I (should) try harder.

NB
Direct Speech Reported Speech
agree ‘Yes, I’ll take the job.’ He agreed to take the job.
‘It is a foolish idea.’ He agreed that it was a foolish idea.
boast about + gerund /+ that clause
‘I am more intelligent than He boasted about being more intelligent
you.’ than me.
‘I am the best player of all.’ He boasted that he was the best player of all.
claim ‘I’ve never seen her before.’ He claimed not to have seen her before.
He claimed that he had never seen her
before.
complain to sb about + gerund/+ noun/+ that clause
‘You’re always late for work.’ He complained to me about my being late
/lateness for work.
‘You never listen to me.’ He complained that I never listened to
him.
deny ‘I didn’t lose the tickets.’ He denied losing/having lost the tickets.
He denied that he had lost the tickets.
promise ‘I’ll write to you next week.’ He promised to write to me the next/the
following week.
He promised that he would write to me
the next/following week.
suggest ‘Let’s go to the park.’ He suggested going to the park.
‘You ought to try harder.’ He suggested that I (should) try harder.

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 Subjunctive

- The bare infinitive (infinitive without To) is used after certain verbs and
expressions to give emphasis. These are : advise, ask, command, demand, instruct, insist, propose,
recommend, request, suggest, urge, it is advisable, it is essential, it is imperative, it is important,
it is mandatory, it is necessary, it is vital, it is urgent, (our) advice is that followed by (that) +
subject.
- In British English we normally use should + bare infinitive instead of the bare infinitive form of
the subjunctive.
It is essential (that) you finish this work today.
It is essential (that) you should finish this work today.
I insist (that) Bill (should) accompany us.
I recommend (that) Judith (should) be promoted.
Our advice is (that) our company (should) invest in new equipment.
I felt it was important (that) James (should) write to Uncle Arthur as soon as possible.

Watch out
- advise doing sth / sb (not) to do sth / (that) …
I’d advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
Police are advising people to stay at home.
They advise (that) a passport (should) be carried with you at all times.
- ask to do sth / sb to do sth / ask (that) …
I asked to see the manager.
Eric asked me to marry him.
She asked (that) she (should) be kept informed of developments.
- demand to do sth / (that) …
I demanded to see the manager.
The UN has demanded (that) all troops (should) be withdrawn.
- insist on sb doing sth // (that) …
She insisted on his / him wearing a suit
He insists (that) she (shoud) come.

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 - propose doing sth / It was proposed to do sth / propose (that) …
He proposed changing the name of the company.
It was proposed to pay the money from public funds.
She proposed (that) the book (should) be banned.
It was proposed that the president (should) be elected for a period of two years.
- recommend (sb) doing sth / sb to do sth / (that) …
He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
We’d recommend you to book your flight early.
I recommend (that) he (should) see a lawyer.
- request sb to do sth / (that) …
You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.
She requested (that) no one (should) be told of her decision.
- suggest doing sth / (that) …
I suggested going in my car.
I suggest (that) we (should) go out to eat.
- urge sb to do sth / (that) …
She urged him to stay.
The report urged (that) all children (should) be taught to swim.

PRACTICE

1. Turn the following sentences from Direct Speech ino Reported Speech.
1. ‘Don’t run down the corridors, please,’ he said to us.
He asked us not to run down the corridors.
2. ‘May I leave the room, please ?’ said the student.
....................................................................................................................................
3. ‘Let’s turn on the television,’ said Paul.
....................................................................................................................................
4. ‘Soldiers ! Stand to attention !’ said the Major.
....................................................................................................................................
5. ‘Can you open the window ?’ she said to me.
....................................................................................................................................

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 6. ‘Shall we go ice-skating on Saturday ?’ said Miles.
....................................................................................................................................
7. ‘Don’t touch the statue !’ he said to us.
....................................................................................................................................
8. ‘Shall we go camping this summer?’ said my brother.
....................................................................................................................................
9. ‘Let’s have a picnic tomorrow,’ said John.
....................................................................................................................................
10. ‘You’d better go to bed now,’ he said to the children.
....................................................................................................................................

2. Report the following sentences.

1. ‘You took my bag, didn’t you ?’
She accused me of taking her bag.
2. ‘I’ll bring my homework tomorrow.’
....................................................................................................................
3. ‘Get out of the room now !’
....................................................................................................................
4. ‘ The train leaves at 6 o’clock.’
....................................................................................................................
5. ‘Don’t forget to make a dental appoinment.’
....................................................................................................................
6. ‘ Please, please help me !’
....................................................................................................................
7. ‘You must give a call when you get back !’
....................................................................................................................
8. ‘I won’t help you.’
....................................................................................................................
9. ‘Would you like to go out with us ?’
....................................................................................................................
10. ‘If you do that again, I’ll punish you.’
....................................................................................................................

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 11. ‘I didn’t break the vase !’
....................................................................................................................
12. ‘Will the rain ever stop ?’
....................................................................................................................
13. ‘First turn this knob, then flick the switch.’
....................................................................................................................
14. ‘Yes, you’re right.’
....................................................................................................................
15. ‘What about going for a walk ?’
....................................................................................................................
16. ‘You should go on a diet.’
....................................................................................................................
17. ‘You mustn’t touch the camera.’
....................................................................................................................
18. ‘Don’t cross the road without looking both ways.’
....................................................................................................................
19. ‘Would you like me to water your plants ?’
....................................................................................................................
20. ‘Yes, it was me who broke the teapot.’
....................................................................................................................
21. ‘It is a difficult situation, you see.’
....................................................................................................................
22. ‘I met the Queen once, you know.’
....................................................................................................................
23. ‘You always leave the bathroom in a mess.’
....................................................................................................................
24. ‘You may use the fax machine whenever you want.’
....................................................................................................................
25. You must stay until 5 o’clock every day.’
....................................................................................................................
26. ‘Give me the money !’
....................................................................................................................

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 27. ‘I crossed the Atlantic single-handed.’
....................................................................................................................
28. ‘You may call me by my first name.’
....................................................................................................................
29. ‘Please, empty all the ashtrays before you leave the room.’
....................................................................................................................
30. ‘Cease fire !’
....................................................................................................................
31. ‘Go on, tell us what’s on your mind.’
....................................................................................................................
32. ‘I’d like you to cook dinner tonight.’
....................................................................................................................
33. ‘I’m sorry I spoil the surprise party.’
....................................................................................................................
34. ‘Sure, I’d be glad to lend a hand.’
....................................................................................................................
35. ‘I’ll never let you down again.’
....................................................................................................................

3. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Some of the verbs are passive.
1. It is imperative that we (should) follow (follow) his orders to the last letter.
2. He insisted that he ……………………….. (pay) for the meal.
3. He proposed that women ……………………….. (admit) into the club.
4. It is important that you ……………………….. (take) these pills three times a day.
5. He demanded that no one else ……………………….. (allow) to see the contract.
6. She recommended that we ……………………….. (stay) at the other hotel.

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 Unit 10

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 FUTURE CONTINUOUS – FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE –
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Future continuous
To talk about actions or events that will be in progress at a certain time in the future.
When you arrive home tonight, they will be lying in the sofa.
At this time next week, I’ll be attending my friend’s wedding.
Future perfect simple
To talk about actions and events that will be completed by a certain time in the
future.
By the end of today we’ll have driven over 250 kms.
By the time you arrive home tonight, I’ll have finished cooking.
Future Perfect Continuous
To talk about actions or events which continue to a certain time in the future.
On 21 December I’ll have been living here for exactly 10 years.
By the time we get to your house, we’ll have been driving for 5 straight hours.

OTHER WAYS TO REFER TO THE FUTURE

1. be just about to + infinitive ; be on the point of +noun / verb –ing ; be on the verge of
+noun / verb –ing to talk about things that are going to happen in the near future.
I’m just about to have dinner – Can you call back in about an hour ?
We are on the verge of a health catastrophe.
2. be bound to + infinitive to refer to events that are certain to happen.
I don’t know why Jackie is so worried about her exam – she’s bound to pass the exams.
3. due to + infinitive to refer to events which are expected to happen at a particular time.
The next train from London is due to arrive at 5.35.
Tip: due to + noun does not refer to the future. It is used in a formal style to mean because of.
Flight LN 603 to Athens has been cancelled due to bad weather.
4. We use be set to + infinitive if everything is ready or prepared for something to happen.
Is everyone set to leave ? OK, so let’s go.

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 PRACTICE
A. Underline the correct option.
1. Ice melts / is melting above 0 C.
2. Have you got an umbrella ? It starts / is starting to rain.
3. Gabriela looks lovely today – she wears / is wearing her new dress.
4. Paul’s daughter lives in Spain – he visits / is visiting her two or three times a year.
5. There goes / is going Maggie on her way to work, I suppose.
6. Don’t worry, I promise / am promising I won’t tell anyone your secret.
7. This carpet gets / is getting very dirty – maybe we should wash it.
8. That’s great tennis from Thompson as he hits / is hitting another winning shot into the corners.

Tip
- Use the Present Simple in the expressions Here come(s) and There go(es).
There goes Mike, looking as cheerful as usual.
- We usually use the present simple in news headlines and in TV or radio commentaries on
sports or other ongoing events.
And Jake heads the ball to Gallant – who kicks … and it’s a goal.
- When we tell stories , we use the present simple to describe the shorter actions and events
and the present continuous to describe the longer situations or background activity.
Gavin and his wife are sitting at home one evening when the telephone rings and their
lives change for ever.

B. Complete the sentences, using the present simple or present continuous form of the verb
given.
1. always go
a) Sue and I always go to the cinema on Thursdays.
b) I saw Mary in the travel agent’s this afternoon – she ‘s always going on holiday !
2. play
a) Giovanni ……………. football for a local team.
b) Anthony ……………. in goal today because our normal goalkeeper is injured.

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 3. have
a) I ……………. lunch at the moment. Can I phone you back in half an hour ?
b) The hotel ……………. 14 double rooms, all with bathrooms.
4. wonder
a) We ……………. whether we should buy a birthday present for Lucie.
b) I ……………. what time the next train is.
5. come
a) Look – here ……………. the bus, at last.
b) More and more people ……………. to live here these days.
6. (you) think
a) You look worried – what ……………. about ?
b) Why ……………. Jim is so happy today ? Is it his birthday or something ?
7. stand
a) St. Thomas’ Tower ……………. at the entrance to the harbour.
b) A strange woman ……………. outside the house. Do you know her ?
8. work
a) It’s 8.30 on a hot July evening. Gordon Stevens ……………. late in his office, when
suddenly …
b) The tablets ……………. better if you take them with food.
C. Complete the sentences, using the present simple or present continuous form of the verb in
brackets.
1. I understand a little Italian, but I can’t speak it. (understand)
2. My cousins ………………… skiing nearly every winter. (usually go)
3. Here ………………… Michelle. Maybe she wants to talk to me. (come)
4. I invited Jill to the party – she ………………… to it. (look forward)
5. ………………… what time the bank opens ? (you know)
6. This bed ………………… 180 centimetres by 210 centimetres – I think it’s too big. (measure)
7. A : What ………………… ?
B : My homework. Don’t interrupt me. (do)
8. I just heard Wendy’s news – she ………………… a baby. (expect)
9. The first thing to do is peel the potatoes. Then you ………………… them in salted water for
about 20 minutes. (boil)
10. And at the line…Powell …………… in 9.64 seconds – a new personal best. (win)
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D. Match each of the future forms 1-9 with an explanation a-f.
1. Dream Ships of California is about to start building a hypersonic aircraft.
2. This time tomorrow I’ll be flying over France on my way to Italy.
3. When you come to visit me, I will have finished all my exams.
4. The trains leaves at seven o’clock tomorrow evening.
5. That suitcase looks very heavy, I’ll carry it for you.
6. I’m meeting Susana at eight o’clock.
7. I’m going to try and book a flight to the Moon.
8. Considering his lack of effort, I’d say he’s going to fail.
9. The hotel will rotate as it orbits the Earth every 90 minutes.

a. something which is on the point of happening

b. a prediction based on present evidence
c. timetabled or scheduled events
d. actions or events in progress at a certain time in the future.
e. actions or events which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
f. an intention or plan
g. future fact
h. an arrangement
i. an offer to help ; a decision made at the moment of speaking

1-…. 2-…. 3-…. 4-…. 5-…. 6-…. 7-…. 8-…. 9-….

E. Choose the most likely alternative.

I’ve just heard on the radio weather forecast that it (1) is raining / is going to rain tomorrow.
That’s a real shame because (2) we’re going / we’ll go to the countryside for a picnic and (3)
we’ll have to / we’re having to eat in the car if the weather is bad.
Lola’s plane (4) is about to take off / takes off at six tomorrow morning, so (5) I’ll get up / I
get up at four and give her a lift to the airport. While you’re still in bed, (6) we’ll be driving /
we’re driving along the motorway.

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F. Complete the gaps with an appropriate future forms of the verbs in brackets.
I should be able to leave work a little early tomorrow. I (1) …………… (see) a client at four,
but I don’t think our meeting (2) …………… (last) very long. We (3) …………… (only sign) a
few papers so I expect we (4) …………… (finish) by half past four.
Kath : What time …………… (5) (we / meet) tomorrow to go to the cinema ?
Pascal : Well, the doors (6) …………… (not/ open) until four, but we could have a coffee
beforehand.
Kath : That’s a really good idea. In that case, I (7) …………… (get) the three o’clock bus
and I (8) …………… (probably see) you there at about 3.30 . OK ?

G. Complete the sentences with the Future Perfect Simple or the Future Perfect Continuous of
the verbs in the list. Include any words in parentheses. Use each word only once.
arrive listen rise smoke
fly ride save teach
1. By the time I get up tomorrow morning, the sun (already) will already have risen / will have
already risen.
2. This is a long trip ! By the time we get to Miami, we ………………… on this bus for over 15
hours.
3. We’re going to be late meeting my brother’s plane. By the time we get to the airport, it
(already) ………………… .
4. He’s never going to stop talking. In 15 more minutes, we ………………… to him lecture for
three solid hours. I don’t even know what he’s saying anymore.
5. What ? You’re smoking cigarettes? At this rate, you ………………… a whole pack before
lunchtime. Don’t you think you should cut down a little ?
6. This is the longest flight I have ever taken. By the time we get to New York, we
………………… for 13 hours. I’m going to be exhausted.
7. Douglas has been putting some money away every month to prepare for his trip to South
America next year. By the end of this year, he ………………… enough . It looks like he’s
going to make it.
8. Can you believe it ? According to our grammar teacher, by the end of this semester she
………………… more than 3,000 students from 42 different countries. She’s been teaching
for nearly 20 years – and she still loves it.

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H. Complete the sentences, using the words in bold.
1. Shall I carry your shopping for you ?
me Would ..........................................................................................................
2. Might I take some photos ?
if Would..........................................................................................................
3. Let’s go and see “The Blob” tonight.
we Shall ............................................................................................................
4. Our house is an hour’s walk from the village.
takes It ................................................................................................................
5. They made her pay $2.00 tax.
to They.............................................................................................................
6. I can’t decide where to go on holiday.
mind I can’t.........................................................................................................
7. She didn’t start until her boss asked her.
started She waited ..............................................................................................
8. He’s the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.
never I.................................................................................................................
9. It’s ages since we went out.
been We.............................................................................................................
10. Mark does not run as fast as he did.
used Mark..........................................................................................................

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 Example Tests

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 TEST 1

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1. A. teacher B. lesson C. action D. police
Question 2. A. importance B. happiness C. employment D. relation

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. date B. face C. page D. map
Question 4. A. played B. planned C. cooked D. lived

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete
each of the following exchanges.
Question 5. Liz is telling Andrew about her first novel. Liz: "Guess what? My first novel has just been
published." Andrew: "______"
A. It's my pleasure. B. Congratulations!
C. Better luck next time! D. It's very kind of you.
Question 6. Jenny and her teacher are meeting at the bus stop. Jenny: "Good afternoon, Miss. How are
you?" Teacher: "______. And you?"
A. I'm going home B. I'm leaving now C. I'm thirty years old D. Fine, thank you

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7. As a sociable boy, Jack enjoys spending his free time going out with friends.
A. mischievous B. outgoing C. caring D. shy
Question 8. It's not a pleasant feeling to discover you've been taken for a ride by a close friend.
A. driven away B. deceived deliberately
C. given a lift D. treated with sincerity

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 9. Heavy rain makes driving on the road very difficult.
A. hard B. easy C. interesting D. simple
Question 10. A series of programs have been broadcast to raise public awareness of healthy living.
A. experience B. understanding C. confidence D.assistance

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 11. It is not always easy to make a good ______ at the last minute.
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
Question 12. Mr Brown has kindly agreed to spare us some of his ______ time to answer our
questions.
A. valuable B. worthy C. costly D. beneficial
Question 13. More and more investors are pouring ______ money into food and beverage start-ups.
A. an B. the C. Ø D. a
Question 14. A survey was ______ to study the effects of smoking on young adults.
A. commented B. filled C. conducted D. carried
Question 15. The better the weather is, ______.
A. the most crowded the beaches get B. the most the beaches get crowded
C. the more crowded the beaches get D. the more the beaches get crowded
Question 16. The book ______ you gave me is very interesting.
A. when B. which C. who D. where
Question 17. The ______ of the Internet has played an important part in the development of
communication.
A. research B. occurrence C. invention D. display
Question 18. When the manager of our company retires, the deputy manager will ______ that position.
A. stand for B. take over C. catch on D. hold on
Question 19. I ______ my old school teacher last week.
A. visited B. visit C. am visiting D. have visited

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Question 20. Paul has just sold his ______ car and intends to buy a new one.
A. black old Japanese B. Japanese old black
C. old black Japanese D. old Japanese black
Question 21. You ______ use your mobile phone during the test. It's against the rules.
A. mightn't B. mustn't C. oughtn't D. needn't
Question 22. A university degree is considered to be a ______ for entry into most professions.
A. demand B. requisite C. claim D. request

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
In the early twentieth century, an American woman named Emily Post wrote a book on
etiquette. This book explained the proper behavior Americans should follow in many different social
(23)______, from birthday parties to funerals. But in modern society, it is not simply to know the
proper rules for behavior in your own country. It is necessary for people (24)______ work or travel
abroad to understand the rules of etiquette in other cultures as well.
Cultural (25)______ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift. In
Western cultures, a gift can be given to the receiver with relatively little ceremony. When a gift is
offered, the receiver usually takes the gift and expresses his or her thanks. (26)______, in some Asian
countries, the act of gift-giving may appear confusing to Westerners. In Chinese culture, both the giver
and receiver understand that the receiver will typically refuse to take the gift several times before he or
she finally accepts it. In addition, to (27)______ respect for the receiver, it is common in several Asian
cultures to use both hands when offering a gift to another person.
(Source: Reading Advantage by Casey Malarcher)
Question 23. A. positions B. conditions C. situations D. locations
Question 24. A. who B. which C. where D. whose
Question 25. A. differences B. different C. differently D. differ
Question 26. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
Question 27. A. show B. get C. feel D. take

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.
Different cultures follow their own special customs when a child's baby teeth fall out. In Korea,
for example, they have the custom of throwing lost teeth up on the roof of a house. According to
tradition, a magpie will come and take the tooth. Later, the magpie will return with a new tooth for the
child. In other Asian countries, such as Japan and Vietnam, children follow a similar tradition of
throwing their lost teeth onto the roofs of houses.
Birds aren't the only animals thought to take lost teeth. In Mexico and Spain, tradition says a
mouse takes a lost tooth and leaves some money. However, in Mongolia, dogs are responsible for
taking teeth away. Dogs are highly respected in Mongolian culture and are considered guardian angels
of the people. Tradition says that the new tooth will grow good and strong if the baby tooth is fed to a
guardian angel. Accordingly, parents in Mongolia will put their child's lost tooth in a piece of meat and
feed it to a dog.
The idea of giving lost teeth to an angel or fairy is also a tradition in the West. Many children in
Western countries count on the Tooth Fairy to leave money or presents in exchange for a tooth. The
exact origins of the Tooth Fairy are a mystery, although the story probably began in England or Ireland
centuries ago. According to tradition, a child puts a lost tooth under his or her pillow before going to
bed. In the wee hours, while the child is sleeping, the Tooth Fairy takes the tooth and leaves something
else under the pillow. In France, the Tooth Fairy leaves a small gift. In the United States, however, the
Tooth Fairy usually leaves money. These days, the rate is $1 to $5 per tooth, adding up to a lot of
money from the Tooth Fairy!
(Source: Reading Challenge 2 by Casey Malarcher & Andrea Janzen)

Question 28. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Traditions concerning children's lost teeth B. Presents for young children's lost teeth
C. Animals eating children's lost teeth D. Customs concerning children's new teeth
Question 29. The word "their" in paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. houses' B. roofs' C. children's D. countries'
Question 30. According to the passage, where is a child's lost tooth thought to be taken away by a
mouse?
A. In Mexico and Spain B. In Mongolia
C. In Japan and Vietnam D. In Korea

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Question 31. According to paragraph 2, parents in Mongolia feed their child's lost tooth to a dog
because ______.
A. they know that dogs are very responsible animals
B. they believe that this will make their child's new tooth good and strong
C. they think dogs like eating children's teeth
D. they hope that their child will get some gifts for his or her tooth
Question 32. The word "origins" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. countries B. families C. beginnings D. stories
Question 33. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the tradition of tooth
giving in the West?
A. Children give money to the Tooth Fairy.
B. Children put their lost teeth under their pillows.
C. Children hope to get money or gifts from the Tooth Fairy.
D. Lost teeth are traditionally given to an angel or fairy.
Question 34. The phrase "the wee hours" in paragraph 3 probably refers to the period of time ______.
A. early in the evening B. soon after midnight
C. late in the morning D. long before bedtime

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Earth is richly supplied with different types of living organisms which co-exist in their
environments, forming complex, interrelated communities. Living organisms depend on one another
for nutrients, shelter, and other benefits. The extinction of one species can set off a chain reaction that
affects many other species, particularly if the loss occurs near the bottom of the food chain. For
example, the extinction of a particular insect or plant might seem inconsequential. However, there
may be fish or small animals that depend on that resource for foodstuffs. The loss can threaten the
survival of these creatures and larger predators that prey upon them. Extinction can have a ripple effect
that spreads throughout nature.
In addition to its biological consequences, extinction poses a moral dilemma for humans, the
only species capable of saving the others. The presence of humans on the planet has affected all other
life forms, particularly plants and animals. Human lifestyles have proven to be incompatible with the
survival of some other species. Purposeful efforts have been made to eliminate animals that prey on
people, livestock, crops, or pose any threat to human livelihoods. Some wild animals have been
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decimated by human desire for meat, hides, fur, or other body parts with commercial value. Likewise,
demand for land, water, and other natural resources has left many wild plants and animals with little to
no suitable habitat. Humans have also affected nature by introducing non-native species to local areas
and producing pollutants having a negative impact on the environment. The combination of these
human-related effects and natural obstacles such as disease or low birthrates has proven to be too much
for some species to overcome. They have no chance of survival without human help.
As a result, societies have difficult choices to make about the amount of effort and money they
are willing to spend to save imperiled species. Will people accept limits on their property rights,
recreational activities, and means of livelihood to save a plant or an animal? Should saving such
popular species as whales and dolphins take priority over saving obscure, annoying, or fearful species?
Is it the responsibility of humans to save every kind of life form from disappearing, or is extinction an
inevitable part of nature, in which the strong survive and the weak perish? These are some difficult
questions that people face as they ponder the fate of other species living on this planet.
(Source: http://www.encyclopedia.com)

Question 35. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The importance of living organisms B. Causes of animal extinction
C. Humans and endangered species D. Measures to protect endangered species
Question 36. The word "inconsequential" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. unimportant B. unavoidable C. unexpected D. unrecognizable
Question 37. Which of the following can result from the loss of one species in a food chain?
A. There might be a lack of food resources for some other species.
B. Animals will shift to another food chain in the community.
C. Larger predators will look for other types of prey.
D. The connections among the creatures in the food chain become closer.
Question 38. The word "They" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. natural obstacles B. low birthrates
C. some species D. human-related effects
Question 39. In paragraph 2, non-native species are mentioned as ______.
A. an achievement of human beings B. a harmful factor to the environment
C. a kind of useful plants D. a kind of harmless animals
Question 40. The word "perish" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. disappear B. complete C. remain D. develop
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Question 41. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some animals and plants cannot survive without human help.
B. No other species can threaten the survival of humans on Earth.
C. The existence of humans is at the expense of some other species.
D. Humans have difficult choices to make about saving endangered species.
Question 42. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animal and plant species which pose threats to humans will die out soon.
B. Humans will make changes in their lifestyles to save other species.
C. The dilemma humans face between maintaining their lives and saving other species remains.
D. Saving popular animal and plant species should be given a high priority.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 43. I haven't met my grandparents for five years.
A. I often met my grandparents five years ago.
B. I last met my grandparents five years ago.
C. I have met my grandparents for five years.
D. I didn't meet my grandparents five years ago.
Question 44. We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts.
A. But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident.
B. Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident.
C. Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident.
D. If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident.
Question 45. "No, I won't go to work at the weekend," said Sally.
A. Sally refused to go to work at the weekend.
B. Sally promised to go to work at the weekend.
C. Sally apologized for not going to work at the weekend.
D. Sally regretted not going to work at the weekend.

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 46. Animals like frogs (A) have waterproof skin (B) that prevents (C) it from drying out
quickly in air, sun, or (D) wind.
Question 47. My brother usually (A) ask me for help (B) when he (C) has difficulty with his (D)
homework.
Question 48. Many people object (A) to use physical (B) punishment in (C) dealing with discipline
problems (D) at school.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water. Others live in sea water.
A. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, for others live in sea water.
B. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, and others live in sea water.
C. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, or others live in sea water.
D. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, so others live in sea water.
Question 50. My mother is very busy with her work at the office. She still takes good care of us.
A. In spite of being very busy with her work at the office, my mother takes good care of us.
B. Because my mother is very busy with her work at the office, she takes good care of us.
C. My mother is so busy with her work at the office that she cannot take good care of us.
D. My mother is too busy with her work at the office to take good care of us.

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 TEST 2

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends
2. a. advises b. raises c. devises d. goes
3. a. teacher b. children c. chore d. school
4. a. hurry b. under c. pressure d. rush
5. a. roughs b.ploughs c. coughs d. laughs

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part,
or has a close meaning to the original one.
1. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls?
a. active b. act c. action d. activity
2. Most doctors and nurses have to work on the _______ once or twice a week at the hospital.
a. solution b. night shift c. household chores d. special dishes
3. We enjoy _______ time together in the evening when the family members gather in the living room
after a day of working hard.
a. spending b. caring c. taking d. doing
4. He is a _______ boy. He is often kind and helpful to every classmate.
a. frank b. lovely c. obedient d. caring
5. Doctors are supposed to _______ responsibility for human life.
a. do b. take c. rush d. join
6. _______ sure that you follow the instructions carefully.
a. Believe b. Try c. Do d. Make
7. Sometimes Mr. Pike has to work very late _______ night to do some important experiments.
a. in b. at c. for d. on
8. Peter was _______ a hurry to go so he did not stop to greet me.
a. in b. on c. with d. over
9 . He studies _______ his two brothers.
a much better than b. more better than c. more good than d. very better than
10. These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.
a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability

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11. John is _______ only child in his family so his parents love him a lot.
a. a b. an c. the d. no article
12. According to the boss, John is the most _______ for the position of executive secretary.
a. supportive b. caring c. suitable d. comfortable
13. She got up late and rushed to the bus stop
a. came into b. went leisurely c. went quickly d. dropped by
14. Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking.
a. help b. prepared c. be busy d. attempt
15. Whenever problems come up, we discuss them frankly and find solutions quickly.
a. .happen b. encounter c. arrive d. clean
16. Peter tried his best and passed the driving test at the first _______.
a. try b. attempt c. doing d. aim
17. Where is Jimmy? - He is ____ work. He is busy ____ his monthly report.
a. on / for b. in / about c. to / through d. at / with
18. With greatly increased workloads, everyone is _______ pressure now.
a. under b. above c. upon d. out of
19. We are not allowed _______ jeans at school.
a. wear b. to wear c. wearing d. worn
20. Sometimes I do not feel like _______ to my sibling about my troubles.
a. talk b. to talk c. talking d. talked
21. The worker was _______ his boss expected, so he was offered a raise.
a. more hard-working b. as hard-working than
c. more hard-working than d. more hard-working as
22."Can I carry the bag for you? It seems very heavy." _" _____________. I can manage"
a. No, thanks b. You’re welcome c. Sorry d. Yes, please
23. "You can all come to my party?" - " __________ "
a. Yes, I shall. b. Excellent! c. Yes, already d. Thanks a lot

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Choose the item among A, B, C, or D that best answer the questions about the passage
The nuclear family, consisting of mother, father, and their children, may be more an American ideal
than an American reality. Of course, the so called traditional American family was always more varied
than we had led to believe, reflecting the very different racial, ethnic, class, and religious customs
among American groups.
The most recent government statistics reveal that only about one-third of all current American
family fit the traditional mold and another third consists of married couples who either have no children
or have none still living at home. Of the final one-third, about 20 percent of the total number of
American households are single people, usually women over sixty- five years old. A small percentage,
about three percent of the total, consists of unmarried people who choose to live together, and the rest,
about 7 percent, are single, usually divorced parents, with at least one child.
Today, these varied family types are typical, and therefore, normal. Apparently, many Americans
are achieving supportive relationships in family forms other than the traditional one.
1. With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?
A. The traditional American family B. The nuclear family
C. The current American family D. The ideal family
2. The author implies that
A. there have always been a wider variety of family arrangement in the United States
B. racial, ethnic, and religious groups have preserved the traditional family structure.
C. the ideal American family is the best structure
D. fewer married couples are having children
3. The word “current” in the 2nd sentence of paragraph 2 could be best replaced by which of the
following?
A. typical B. present C. perfect D. traditional
4. According to the passage, married couples whose children have grown or who have no children
represent
A. 33 percent of households B. 20 percent of households
C. 7 percent of households D. 3 percent of households
5. Who generally constitutes a one- person household?
A. A single man in his twenty B. An elderly man
C. A single woman in her late sixties D. A divorced woman

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Choose the item among A, B, C, or D that best answer the questions about the passage
It has been thought that women are the second class citizen, and men are the first. There is not a real
equality of opportunity for men and women. Years ago, people were living in a man-dominated society.
Women had to obey their husbands and fathers absolutely. Women’s place was in the kitchen and
women’s work was housework. In many places, women were not even allowed to go to school. Women
had no rights, even the right to choose husband for themselves.
Men usually occupied high positions in society so they thought they were more intelligent
than women. Men often considered women as their property. Sometimes, they were mistreated by their
husband and suffered the problem as a fate. Many parents did not even want to have daughters. Despite
the progress, there remain outdated beliefs about women’s roles, traditionally passed down from
generation to generation. Men are commonly seen as the strong bodies, bread-winners in the family
and key leaders in society, while women are restricted to being housewives and childbearing
and care, and housework such as washing and cooking.
According to social surveys, many women in the 21 st century still have to work over 12
hours a day including working in offices and doing countless household chores without any help from
their husbands. In some regions, the labor of women is not recognized despite the hardships they
endure to support the whole family. Moreover, women are the direct victims of family violence,
especially in rural areas.
Thanks to the women’s liberation movement, nowadays women have proved that they are equal to
men in every aspect. An average woman has weaker muscles than an average man but she may be as
intelligent as he is. Women can do everything that men can, and women can do one thing that no man
can: they produce children.
1. Which is not women’s role in the former days?
A. Working in authority B. Doing housework
C. Doing cooking D. Bearing and rearing children
2. Years ago, women are not allowed …….
A. to work in the kitchen B. to go to school
C. to do housework D. to stay at home with their parents
3. What did women have to suffer?
A. Good schooling. B. Choosing a husband themselves.
C. Enjoy their housework. D. Illiteracy.

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4. The outdated beliefs about women’s role …….
A. have been eradicated completely
B. disappeared soon after the women’s liberation movement
C. still exist at present
D. was forced to change after the women’s liberation movement
5. According to the text, women in the 21st century …….
A. do not have to do housework any more
B. are still the victims of family violence in some rural areas
C. get help from their husbands with all housework
D. spend less than 12 hours working outside the home and doing housework.

Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.
31. They are not allowed to go out in the evening by their parents.
A. Their parents do not want them to go out in the evening.
B. Their parents never let them go out in the evening.
C. Going out in the evening is permitted by their parents.
D. Although their parents do not allow, they still go out in the evening.
32. Although my parents are busy at work, they try to find time for their children.
A. My parents are so busy at work that they cannot find time for their children.
B. Busy at work as my parents are, they try to find time for their children.
C. My parents are too busy at work to find time for their children.
D. My parents rarely have time for their children because they are busy at work
33. His eel soup is better than any other soup I have ever eaten.
A. Of all the soups I have ever eaten, his eel soup is the best.
B. I have ever eaten many soups that are better than his eel soup.
C. His eel soup is the worst of all soups I have eaten.
D. His eel soup is good but I have ever eaten many others better.

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34. She gets up early to prepare breakfast so that her children can come to school on time.
A. Despite her getting up early to prepare breakfast, her children cannot come to
school on time.
B. Because she wants her children to come to school on time, she gets up early to
prepare breakfast.
C. If she does not get up early to prepare breakfast, her children will not come to
school on time.
D. Unless she gets up early to prepare breakfast, her children will not come to school
on time.
35. The last time I went to the museum was a year ago.
A. I have not been to the museum for a year.
B. A year ago, I often went to the museum.
C. My going to the museum lasted a year.
D. At last I went to the museum after a year.

Choose the underlined word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that is incorrect and needs to be
changed.
1: Harry told that he had been to Africa and that it was very charming.
A. told that B. had been C. that D. very charming
2: The book you lent me is very interested; it's worth reading.
A. The B. you C. very interested D. worth reading
3 1 don't like the taste of this soup though it smells well.
A. taste B. of C. though D. smells well
4: A certain amount of give-and-bring is essential in any relationship.
A. A B. give and bring C. essential D. any relationship
5: Her parents promise buying her a new bike if she passes the entrance exam to university.
A. promise buying B. a C. passes D. to university.
6: 1 don't want to say this but he's unhonest.
A. don't B. say this C. but D. unhonest
7: We carried out our friendship through letters; he was a pen pal.
A. carried out our B. through C. letters D. a pen pal
8: It's impossible for many women to combine a happy family life in a successful career.
A. impossible B. for many women C. in D. successful career.
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 TEST 3

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1. I'm not sure, but Tony ______ probably get that demanding job.
A. must B. need C. ought D. might
Question 2. They were among the first companies to exploit the ______ of the Internet.
A. potential B. prospect C. possibility D. ability
Question 3. Thanks to her father's encouragement, she has made great ______ in her study.
A. standard B. development C. contribution D. progress
Question 4. I ______ all of my homework last night.
A. finish B. will finish C. have finished D. finished
Question 5. The people ______ live in this village are very friendly.
A. who B. where C. which D. when
Question 6. Jim didn't break the vase on ______, but he was still punished for his carelessness.
A. occasion B. chance C. intention D. purpose
Question 7. Domestic appliances like washing machines and dishwashers have made ______ life much
easier.
A. the B. a C. Ø D. an
Question 8. Travelling to ______ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things.
A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different
Question 9. Peter is disappointed at not getting the job, but he will ______ it soon.
A. take on B. get over C. go through D. come over
Question 10. I am not used to the cold weather here, so I need to have a heating system ______.
A. installed B. serviced C. developed D. repaired
Question 11. The only thing he bought on his trip to Italy was a ______ watch.
A. nice Italian new B. nice new Italian
C. new Italian nice D. new nice Italian
Question 12. The more you practise speaking English, ______.
A. the more fluently you can speak it B. the more fluent you can speak it
C. the more you can speak it fluent D. the more you can speak it fluently

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 13. Linda is thanking Daniel for his birthday present.
Linda: "Thanks for the book. I've been looking for it for months."
Daniel: "______."
A. You can say that again B. Thank you for looking for it
C. I like reading books D. I'm glad you like it
Question 14. David and his teacher are meeting at the school gate.
David: "Good morning, Mr Deakin. How are you?"
Mr Deakin: "______. And you?"
A. I'm busy now B. I'm fine. Thank you
C. I'm going home D. I'm having a class now

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 15. A. possible B. cultural C. confident D. supportive
Question 16. A. office B. nature C. result D. farmer

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 17. A. dressed B. dropped C. matched D. joined
Question 18. A. walk B. call C. take D. talk

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19. Today students are under a lot of pressure due to the high expectations from their parents
and teachers.
A. nervousness B. emotion C. stress D. relaxation
Question 20. Don't tell Jane anything about the surprise party for Jack. She has got a big mouth.
A. can't eat a lot B. hates parties
C. talks too much D. can keep secrets

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21. The place has rapidly evolved from a small fishing community into a thriving tourist
resort.
A. developed B. generated C. created D. increased
Question 22. Many people left early because the film was uninteresting.
A. exciting B. informative C. attractive D. boring

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
As teenagers approach university level, a decision has to be made on what course to pursue. In this
world of diversity, (23)______ such a choice is not easy for both children and parents. In the old days,
it was not much a problem to do the task because there were not so many diverse learning areas to
choose from. Besides, there were only a few distinctive professional careers like doctor, engineer,
accountant, nurse, teacher, etc. to think about. Most higher learning usually led to a financially
successful life. (24)______, the cost of education was not so high.
Today's world is entirely different from the things (25)______ have just been described. The job
market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new (26)______. Meanwhile, most
teenagers have difficulty in identifying their own interests. There are a variety of well-organized career
talks and student counseling workshops to guide and help teenagers (27)______ what course to take.
Furthermore, psychological tests are also used. Certain instruments such as surveys, interviews and
computer software can help to find out preferences, interests, or learning styles of the students.
(Source: Essential Reading for IELTS by Humin & John A. Gordon)

Question 23. A. making B. taking C. giving D. having

Question 24. A. In addition B. Otherwise C. For example D. Therefore
Question 25. A. when B. that C. what D. where
Question 26. A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete
Question 27. A. apply B. study C. decide D. employ

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.
Children all around the world love to read comic books. Maybe they like to read the kind of comic
books that come out once a month, like Spiderman or Batman, or maybe they like manga-style comic
books. That means that publishers who make comic books need to keep in touch with the things young
people like to do. One thing that many young people today are interested in is technology, so of course
kids want to read digital comic books on electronic devices.
Let's take Japanese manga as an example. There are lots of people around the world who enjoy reading
manga. However, in the past, it was difficult to find translated versions of manga in comic bookstores.
But that did not stop manga fans. Some fans who could translate Japanese into their own language
started translating manga themselves. Then they scanned the pages of manga books and uploaded the
scanned pages to the Internet with their translation. This practice has become so popular. People in the
comic book industry made up a name for it. By combining the words scan and translation, they call it
"scanlation", and it is a big problem today. The people who do scanlation usually share their manga for
free, so readers do not buy manga books. Writers, artists, and publishers all end up losing money
because of scanlation. Another problem is piracy in the comic book industry. Illegal copies of old and
brand new comics alike have been hurting comic book sales.
Despite the progress made in converting comics to digital formats, hardcopy comic books are still by
far the most popular format among fans. In the meantime, comic book publishers and stores will just
have to keep an eye on their buyers' habits. As the popularity of digital books for e-readers and tablets
grows, the popularity of digital comic books will grow as well.
(Source: Reading Advantage by Casey Malarcher)

Question 28. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The need for digital comic books
B. Children's most favourite type of books
C. Problems in the book industry
D. The manga industry in Japan
Question 29. The word "they" in paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. children B. comic books C. publishers D. things
Question 30. According to paragraph 1, Spiderman is the name of ______.
A. a TV programme B. a comic book
C. an electronic device D. a child
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Question 31. According to paragraph 2, the practice of "scanlation" mostly involves ______.
A. selling translated manga books
B. scanning and translating manga books
C. scanning uploaded manga books
D. translating uploaded manga books
Question 32. According to the passage, in the past, some manga fans who knew Japanese translated
manga because ______.
A. it was enjoyable to translate Japanese books
B. they wanted to make a name for themselves
C. it was difficult to buy translated manga books
D. they wanted to read manga for free
Question 33. According to paragraph 2, who could benefit from scanlation?
A. Readers B. Publishers C. Writers D. Artists
Question 34. The word "piracy" in paragraph 2 probably means the act of ______.
A. controlling the production of a book
B. hurting the sale of illegal comic books
C. copying and using a book illegally
D. advertising a book without permission

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
The oceans are so vast and deep that until fairly recently, it was widely assumed that no matter how
much trash and chemicals humans dumped into them, the effects would be negligible. Proponents of
dumping in the oceans even had a catchphrase: "The solution to pollution is dilution."
Today, we need look no further than the New Jersey-size dead zone that forms each summer in the
Mississippi River Delta, or the thousand-mile-wide swath of decomposing plastic in the northern
Pacific Ocean to see that this "dilution" policy has helped place a once flourishing ocean ecosystem on
the brink of collapse.
There is evidence that the oceans have suffered at the hands of mankind for millennia. But recent
studies show that degradation, particularly of shoreline areas, has accelerated dramatically in the past
three centuries as industrial discharge and run-off from farms and coastal cities have increased.
Pollution is the introduction of harmful contaminants that are outside the norm for a given ecosystem.
Common man-made pollutants reaching the oceans include pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers,
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detergents, oil, sewage, plastics, and other solids. Many of these pollutants collect at the ocean's depths,
where they are consumed by small marine organisms and introduced into the global food chain.
Many ocean pollutants are released into the environment far upstream from coastlines. Nitrogen-rich
fertilizers applied by farmers inland, for example, end up in local streams, rivers, and groundwater and
are eventually deposited in estuaries, bays, and deltas. These excess nutrients can spawn massive
blooms of algae that rob the water of oxygen, leaving areas where little or no marine life can exist.
Solid wastes like bags, foam, and other items dumped into the oceans from land or by ships at sea are
frequently consumed, with often fatal effects, by marine mammals, fish, and birds that mistake them
for food. Discarded fishing nets drift for many years, ensnaring fish and mammals. In certain regions,
ocean currents corral trillions of decomposing plastic items and other trash into gigantic, swirling
garbage patches. One in the North Pacific, known as the Pacific Trash Vortex, is estimated to be the
size of Texas.
Pollution is not always physical. In large bodies of water, sound waves can carry undiminished for
miles. The increased presence of loud or persistent sounds from ships, sonar devices, oil rigs, and even
from natural sources like earthquakes can disrupt the migration, communication, and reproduction
patterns of many marine animals, particularly aquatic mammals like whales and dolphins.
(Source: http://www.oceannationalgeographic.com)

Question 35. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Marine pollution and its many forms
B. Noise and its disruptive effects on marine life
C. Various kinds of harmful pollutants
D. The end of the "dilution" era
Question 36. The word "negligible" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. serious B. insignificant C. unpredictable D. positive
Question 37. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the "dilution" policy is related to ______.
A. dealing with the problems of water pollution
B. helping the ecosystem of the oceans flourish
C. neglecting the effects of dumping trash into the oceans
D. treating harmful materials in the oceans properly
Question 38. The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. ocean's depths B. man-made pollutants C. marine organisms D. the oceans
Question 39. The word "spawn" in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by ______.
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A. appear B. prevent C. produce D. limit
Question 40. According to the passage, nitrogen-rich fertilizers ______.
A. are created by massive blooms of algae
B. cause a shortage of oxygen in the ocean water
C. do not relate to the disappearance of marine life
D. cannot be found inland
Question 41. Which of the following statements is NOT supported in the passage?
A. Many pollutants deposited in the oceans finally become part of the global food chain.
B. It is apparent that the oceans have been polluted for a long time.
C. Industrial wastes and agricultural run-off are blamed for the degradation of the oceans.
D. The oceans in the past were more contaminated than they are now.
Question 42. Whales and dolphins are mentioned in the final paragraph as an example of marine
creatures that ______.
A. can communicate with each other via sound waves
B. can survive earthquakes because of their large bodies
C. suffer from loud or persistent sounds at sea
D. are forced to migrate because of water pollution

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43. All the judges paid the dancer compliments on their excellent performance in the
A B C D
competition.
Question 44. The policeman warned the tourists not walking alone in empty streets at night.
A B C D
Question 45. My mother always get up early to prepare breakfast for everyone in the family.
A B C D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46. He last visited London three years ago.
A. He has been in London for three years. B. He hasn't visited London for three years.
C. He didn't visit London three years ago. D. He was in London for three years.
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Question 47. They were late for the meeting because of the heavy snow.
A. If it snowed heavily, they would be late for the meeting.
B. Had it not snowed heavily, they would have been late for the meeting.
C. But for the heavy snow, they wouldn't have been late for the meeting.
D. If it didn't snow heavily, they wouldn't be late for the meeting.
Question 48. "We will not leave until we see the manager," said the customers.
A. The customers promised to leave before they saw the manager.
B. The customers refused to leave until they saw the manager.
C. The customers agreed to leave before they saw the manager.
D. The customers decided to leave because they did not see the manager.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49. The government have established some wildlife reserves. They want to protect
endangered species.
A. Whether the government have established some wildlife reserves or not, endangered species are still
protected.
B. Endangered species can't be protected although the government have established some wildlife
reserves.
C. The government have established some wildlife reserves so that endangered species can be
protected.
D. If the government established some wildlife reserves, they would be able to protect endangered
species.
Question 50. My sister is good at cooking. My brother is bad at it.
A. My sister is good at cooking, or my brother is bad at it.
B. My sister is good at cooking, for my brother is bad at it.
C. My sister is good at cooking, but my brother is bad at it.
D. My sister is good at cooking, so my brother is bad at it.

------------------------ THE END ------------------------

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 TEST 4

I. Choose the word whose main stress syllable is put differently.

Cau 1: A. maintain B. attitude C. determine D. develop
Cau 2: A. brilliant B. different C. secretary D. attractive

II. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the
rest.
Cau 3: A. bride B. fridge C. bridge D. driven
Cau 4: A. borrow B. neighbour C. stapler D. harbour
Cau 5: A. booked B. pushed C. caused D. matched

III. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
Cau 6: ................, women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the childre.
A. With tradition B.On tradition C. Traditional D. Traditionally
Cau 7: All of the students are ................ to pass the entrance examination in order to attend the
university
A. obsessed B. obtained C. obliged D. observed
Cau 8: It is important to have someone that you can ................ in.
A. talk B. speak C. confide D. know
Cau 9: Most adjectives can be used to ................ a noun.
A. precede B. advance C. occur D. stand
Cau 10: Which of the following sentences has the correct word order?
A. She walks usually past my house in the morning.
B. She in the morning walks usually past my house.
C. She usually walks past my house in the morning.
D. She walks usually in the morning past my house.
Cau 11: I'm very tired now because ................ more than 800 kilometers today.
A. I'm driving B. I've driven C. I drive D. I've been driving
Cau 12: When she returned home from work, she ................ a bath.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. was taking

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Cau 13: Your car is quite old. It's the same as ................ .
A. us B. our C. ours D. we're
Cau 14: My father didn't go to college; ................ did my mother.
A. none B. either C. so D. neither
Cau 15: Our English teacher would like ................ .
A. that we practicing our pronunciation B. us practicing our pronunciation
C. us to practice our pronunciation D. we to practice our pronunciation
Cau 16: Our relatives ................ meet us at the station this evening.
A. are being B. are going to C. go to D. will be to
Cau 17: He ................ for that company for five months when it went bankrupt.
A. has been worked B. has worked C. had been working D.was working
Cau 18: At this time next week, all of the students ................ for their examinations
A. will be sat B. have been sitting C. have sat D. will be sitting
Cau 19: Rachel is good at badminton. She ................ every game.
A. wins B. winning C. have won D. is able win
Cau 20: -"Let's have a pizza. “................ “
A. Not again B. It doesn't matter C. It’s a good idea D. Not really
Cau 21:1didn 't need ................ anything. I just sat there and listened.
A. say B. saying C. to say D. having said
Cau 22: She prefers carnations ............ roses. In fact, she dislikes roses
A. to B. from C. over D. than
Cau 23: My mother made a birthday cake ................... .
A. about me B. for me C. to me D. to I
Cau 24: He can't go out because he ................ his work.
A. doesn't finish B. hasn't finished C. didn't finish D. hadn't finished
Cau 25: Our neighbours are normally very noisy, but they're ........................ this evening.
A. unusual quiet B. unusual quietly
C. unusually quiet D.unusually quietly
Cau 26: 1 saw him hiding something in a .................. bag.
A. plastic small black B. small plastic black
C. black small plastic D. small black plastic
Cau 27: If Tan Son Nhat Airport ................. clear of fog we'll land there.
A. is B. was C. will be D. could be
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Cau 28: Did he tell you .................. ?
A. where could we meet him B. we would be able to meet him where
C. where would be able to meet him D. where we would meet him
Cau 29: If she had known how awful this job was going to be, she .......................... it.
A. would accept B. wouldn't accept
C. wouldn't have accepted D. would have accepted
Cau 30: I'll see you ........................... .
A. at the moment B. in an hour C. last night D. usually
Cau 31: You ................ write to her for she'll be here tomorrow.
A. don't B. mustn't C. needn't D. haven't
Cau 32: You ...................... to spend more time in the library.
A. must B. should C. had better D. ought
Cau 33: Carol is excited ................... her new job.
A. for starting B. to starting C. about starting D. for start
Cau 34: ............................... if they had feathers instead of hair?
A. Can people possibly fly B. Could people be able to fly
C. Will people possibly fly D. Would people be able to fly
Cau 35: The jeans are too long; you should have them ..................... .
A. shorten B. to shorten C. shortened D. being

IV. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected.
Cau 36: Caroline refused taking the job given to her because the salary was not good.
A. taking B. given C. because D. was
Cau 37: 1 finished college last year, and I am working here for only eight months now.
A. finished B. am working C. only D. now
Cau 38: If you think carefully before making your decision, you will avoid to get into trouble later.
A. carefully B. making C. to get D. later
Cau 39: Each of the members of the group were made to write a report every week.
A. members B. were C. to write D. week
Cau 40: Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new
one.
A. told B. got C. is looking D. new one

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V. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each space in the following
passage.
In Germany, it's important to be serious in a work situation. They don't mix work and play so you
shouldn't make jokes (41) ...................you do in the UK and USA when you first meet people. They
work in a very organized way and prefer to do one thing at a time.
They don't like interruptions or (42) ................ changes of schedule. Punctuality is very important so
you should arrive on time for appointments. At meeting, it's important to follow the agenda and not to
interrupt (43) ........... speaker. If you give a presentation, you should focus (44) ......................facts and
technical information and the quality of your company's products. You should also prepare well, as
they may ask a lot of questions.
Colleagues normally use the family names, and title - for example 'Doctor' or 'Professor', so you
shouldn't use first names (45) ......................... a person asks you to.
Cau 41: A. while B. as if C. such as D. as
Cau 42: A. sudden B. suddenly C. abruptly D. promptly
Cau 43: A. other B. others C. another D. the other
Cau 44: A. on B. to C. at D. in
Cau 45: A. if only B. as C. unless D. since

VI. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence
Cau 46: They tried to impress their children with ................... of a good education.
A. the importance B. importance C. an importance D. how important
Cau 47: Unlike men, women are not ............... in physical control as in emotional mental control.
A. so interested B. as interesting C. very interested D. interested
Cau 48: Mike is bright and hard-working; he has passed all his exams with .......................
A. colourful results B. flying colours C. a piece of cake D. extreme honour
Cau 49: You will have to study harder, or you ... ..................get a scholarship.
A. will not able to B. cannot be able to
C. will not be able D. will not be able to
Cau 50: Do you like jazz?' '................................. .'
A. Yes, I think so, too. B. No, it sounds too expensive
C. No, I can't stand it D. Yes, I'd love to.
Cau 51: The top students in the school were ................................. to receive scholarships.
A. selected B. were selecting C. were selected D. have selected
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Cau 52: ............................ do they call it 'the rush hour' when nothing moves, does it?
A. Why B. When C. How D. Where
Cau 53: My parents disapproved ..............my joining a dancing club.
A. with B. for C. at D. of
Cau 54: Joe didn't get a promotion because he didn't see .................. with his boss on many things.
A. eye to eye B. his eyes C. from eye to eye D. eyes
Cau 55: Hey, you play the guitar quite well. ....................... to play it when you were young?
A. Do you used B. Did you use C. Are you used D. Did you used
Cau 56: Please be quiet because the baby ................... right now.
A. was sleeping B. sleeps C. is sleeping D. has slept
Cau 57: Tom had finished the exam when the teacher .................. the papers.
A. collects B. had collected C. collected D. was collecting
Cau 58: Quite a few students have complained to the school .............. the course.
A. about B. to C. on D. with
Cau 59: Our parents didn't use to allow .............. at night.
A. to go out B. us going out C. us go out D. us to go out
Cau 60: ...................... taking an extra course next semester? It's essential.
A. Did you consider B. Have you considered
C. Are you considering D. Had you considered
Cau 61: The students were .......................... until they got the exam results.
A. on edge B. under edge C. in edge D. over edge
Cau 62: After graduating from high school, many students ................. at a college or university.
A. continue their career B. go on studying
C. go on to study D. stop studying
Cau 63: All of our students ................ an identification card in order to check books out of the library.
A. might have B. must have C. ought have D. may have
Cau 64: All .................. was very interesting. I am surprised you didn't like it.
A. of the books B. of books C. of the book D. of book
Cau 65: 1 do wish you'd stop biting your nails, Tom! It really .......................
A. gets on my nerves B. tells me off
C. lets me down D. gets me down

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VII. Read the text and choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits each space.
Every country has its (66) ..................... traditions, some of which have existed for centuries. In my
opinion, we should do everything possible to preserve them. Some people think that in today's high-
tech world traditional celebrations are too old-fashioned and (67) ................. to our lives. However,
(68) .............. such as Carnival, are important, as they bring communities together and make us think
about other people and not just computers. (69) ................ argument against traditional festivals is that
they are expensive to organise. To some extent this is true, particularly when there are firework
(70) ..................or parades. On the other hand, it is a small price to pay for brightening up our lives
with entertainment and colour. (71) ................. , celebrations like the 'Fallas' in my home town of
Valencia (72) ................... many tourists and their money. Finally, although I agree that some
traditional customs (73) ..........their original significance, they can provide an opportunity for us to
learn about our past. For example, Bonfire Night teaches British children about a particular period of
their country's history. To conclude, traditional celebrations are (74 ) ............... great pleasure and
interest, and they are certainly (75)........................... keeping.
Cau 66: A. own B. self C. belonging D. possessive
Cau 67: A. unfit B. improperly C. unavailable D. irrelevant
Cau 68: A. situations B. events C. occasions D. opportunities
Cau 69 A. Another B. Other C. The other D. More
Cau 70: A. performances B. displays C. demonstrations D. shows
Cau 71: A. As a result B. In contrast C. Moreover D. However
Cau 72: A. attract B. draw C. withdraw D. absorb
Cau 73: A. have missed B. have dropped C. have lost D. have disappeared
Cau 74: A. a supply of B. a cause of C. a source of D. plenty of
Cau 75: A. capable of B. valuable for C. deserving D. worth

VIII. Choose the phrase or clause (A, B, C or D) that best completes or follows each
sentence.
Cau 76: It's nothing to do with you, .........................................!
A. because of none of your business B. so mind your own business
C. so it's out of your concern D. so it's out of the question
Cau 77: She didn't reply to our letter, ........................................ .
A. nor did she call us B. neither has she phoned us
C. and she neither called us D. either did she phone us
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Cau 78: ....................................... , it took me a long time to get used to driving on the left.
A. When I first came to Australia B. On arriving in Australia
C. As soon as I arrived in Australia D. If I was in Australia
Cau 79: I don't know how I'm going to face my parents ............................... .
A. for which I have done to them B. although what I have done to them
C. in addition to what happened D. after what happened
Cau 80: ....................................... so happy and excited.
A. Never before do Vietnamese football fans have been
B. Never before have Vietnamese football fans been
C. Never before Vietnamese football fans have been
D. Vietnamese football fans have never been before

IX. Choose the sentence (A, B, C or D) that is closest in meaning to the one provided in bold.
Cau 81: The bus left before she got to the bus stop.
A. When she got to the bus stop, the bus has left.
B. By the time she got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
C. The bus left as soon as she got to the bus stop.
D. She got to the bus stop before the bus left.
Cau 82: It was hard not to start laughing when she started to sing.
A. I found it hard to start laughing when she started to sing.
B. I couldn't help laughing when she started to sing.
C. It was too difficult to laugh when she started to sing.
D. It was not difficult to start laughing when she started to sing.
Cau 83: The friends promised to stand by each other through thick and thin.
A. The friends promised to stand together all their life.
B. The friends promised to work together in spite of all difficulties.
C. The friends promised to stand by each other whatever happened.
D. The friends promised to hold on together if possible.

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Cau 84: There 's no point in persuading her to stay with us.
A. There's no need to persuade her to stay with us
B. We can't help persuading her to stay with us.
C. She's not worth being persuaded to stay with us.
D. It's no use trying to persuade her to stay with us.
Cau 85: Mike should have listened to your advice.
A. It was essential that Mike listen to your advice but he didn't.
B. Mike shouldn't listen to your advice.
C. Mike didn't want to take your advice.
D. Mike has listened to your advice.

X. Read the text and choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits each space.
Today the move away from rigid rules makes it much easier (86) ................the right way to
behave because there are fewer out-and-out 'wrongs'. Of course there are still a few situations where
inflexible rules (87) .................. , although these are mainly concerned with official functions. But nine
times out of ten, the way you choose to behave is (88) .................. you, with one very important
proviso: that you keep firmly in (89) ..................... the basis
(90) ...................etiquette has grown up; in other words, the need always to consider other
people's feelings first.
Some people, for instance, are very informal and outgoing by (91) ................., while others
prefer to be more reserved and formal. Younger people tend to be less formal than their parents. Habits
can (92) ............in different parts of the country. Behaviour which may
be commonplace in the capital - like arriving later than the stated time - can often be
unconventional (93) ................ . Just remember the basic rule of consideration for others, and
when in doubt, follow the example of those around you. Etiquette is a skill that is easily
learned and it brings the benefits of other people's appreciation whenever you (94) ................
in practice. It's a pleasure to spend time with people who are reliably courteous
and (95) ................; it's also pleasant to feel that you will always know what to do or say in
any circumstances, mundane or extraordinary.

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Cau 86: A. for judging B. to judge C. the judgement of D. in judging
Cau 87: A. approach B. perform C. utilize D. apply
Cau 88: A. up to B. depend on C. belonging to D. according to
Cau 89: A. mind B. hand C. heart D. brain
Cau 90: A. which B. in which C. on which D. on that
Cau 91: A. chance B. nature C. character D. disposition
Cau 92: A. alter B. be changed C. vary D. fluctuate
Cau 93: A. elsewhere B. where else C. everywhere D. anywhere
Cau 94: A. bring it B. put it C. take it D. do it
Cau 95: A. worried B. considerate C. anxious D. concerned

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 TEST 5

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 1. Lan ______ learning English a few years ago.
A. starts B. will start C. started D. is starting
Question 2. We moved to the countryside because we wanted to be close to ______ nature.
A. a B. the C. an D. Ø
Question 3. The water ______ in the area has resulted in poor crop production.
A. absence B. shortage C. lack D. deficiency
Question 4. In Vietnam, children begin their primary ______ at the age of six.
A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education
Question 5. Could you ______ me a hand with the washing-up, Kent?
A. join B. shake C. give D. hold
Question 6. All students ______ hand in their assignments by Friday at the latest.
A. ought B. might C. must D. may Question
7. I met a ______ girl at my friend's birthday party last Sunday.
A. pretty American tall B. tall pretty American
C. tall American pretty D. pretty tall American
Question 8. The company management decided to ______ more workers to meet the production
schedule.
A. take on B. make out C. take over D. make up
Question 9. I will phone Vivian to ______ her to buy some sugar; otherwise, she will forget.
A. remind B. encourage C. allow D. advise
Question 10. We were ______ by the spectacular scenery of the countryside.
A. overwhelmed B. bewildered C. preoccupied D. overjoyed
Question 11. The boy ______ sits in front of me in the class studies very hard.
A. who B. where C. which D. when

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Question 12. The larger the area of forest is destroyed, ______.
A. the most frequent natural disasters are
B. the most frequently natural disasters occur
C. the more frequent are natural disasters
D. the more frequently natural disasters occur

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 13. Mary and John are meeting at the cinema. Mary: "Hi, John. How are you?" John:
"______. And you?"
A. Fine, thanks B. I'm thirty-five years old
C. I'm free today D. I'm not working today
Question 14. Mrs Smith and her students are visiting the zoo. Mike: "Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs
Smith?" Mrs Smith: "______. The sign says 'No feeding the animals'."
A. Of course you can B. I don't think it works
C. I'm sure about that D. I'm afraid not

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 15. I'm sure he will be home and dry in the interview because he has good qualifications and
wide experience.
A. be successful B. be satisfied C. be unsuccessful D. be unsatisfied
Question 16. Many people feel nervous when they first make a speech in public.
A. impressed B. fearful C. confident D. upset

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 17. Tim and Tom look similar although they are not brothers.
A. different B. alike C. familiar D. strange
Question 18. There weren't many tough questions in the exam, so I could answer most of them.
A. simple B. difficult C. important D. interesting

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 19. A. difficult B. popular C. effective D. national
Question 20. A. answer B. reply C. singer D. future

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 21. A. find B. think C. drive D. mind
Question 22. A. missed B. talked C. watched D. cleaned

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 23. "Why don't we go camping at the weekend?" he said.
A. He denied going camping at the weekend.
B. He suggested going camping at the weekend.
C. He objected to going camping at the weekend.
D. He apologized for going camping at the weekend.
Question 24. He was successful in his career thanks to his parents' support.
A. Had it not been for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career.
B. If his parents hadn't supported him, he wouldn't have been successful in his career.
C. But for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career.
D. Without his parents' support, he would have been successful in his career.
Question 25. I haven't visited my hometown for a few years.
A. I have been in my hometown for a few years.
B. I last visited my hometown a few years ago.
C. I didn't visit my hometown a few years ago.
D. I was in my hometown for a few years.

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 26. She always (A) try to finish (B) her homework (C) before (D) going to bed.
Question 27. Children learn (A) primarily by directly (B) experiencing the (C) world around (D) it.
Question 28. (A) A number of wildlife habitat reserves have been (B) established in order to (C)
saving endangered (D) species from extinction.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies. Her classmates appreciate her.
A. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, but they appreciate her.
B. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, for they appreciate her.
C. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, so they appreciate her.
D. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, or they appreciate her.
Question 30. We cannot completely avoid stress in our lives. We need to find ways to cope with it.
A. As long as we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
B. After we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
C. Since we cannot completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.
D. Because stress can completely be avoided in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
Graphic novels, as the name suggests, are books written and illustrated in the style of a comic book.
Adults may feel that graphic novels do not help children become good readers. They believe that this
type of reading material somehow prevents "real" reading. (31)______, many quality graphic novels
are now being seen as a method of storytelling on the same level as novels, films or audiobooks. Many
librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as they
(32)______ young people and motivate them to read. This has been especially true with children who
are not (33)______ to read, especially boys.
Language learners are also motivated by graphic novels because the pictures provide clues to
the meaning of the words. Therefore, they will (34)______ new vocabulary more quickly. Many
teachers have reported great success when they used graphic novels with their students, especially in
the areas of English, social studies and art. The idea that graphic novels are too simple to be regarded

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as serious reading is no longer valid. Reading them can, undoubtedly, help students develop the skills
(35)______ are necessary to read more challenging works.
(Source: Complete IELTS by Rawdon Wyatt)
Question 31. A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. However D. In addition
Question 32. A. attract B. attractively C. attraction D. attractive
Question 33. A. active B. willing C. careful D. able
Question 34. A. learn B. take C. know D. accept
Question 35. A. where B. that C. who D. when

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
Most weddings in Japan start with a religious ceremony in which usually only family members attend.
Afterwards, a banquet is customarily held to which many people, including friends and colleagues, are
invited. To celebrate the happy occasion, guests give the bride and groom goshuugi – gift money in
special envelopes. Goshuugi from friends is usually 20,000 yen or 30,000 yen.
A typical Japanese wedding party starts when the bride and groom enter the banquet hall
together, and take their seats on a slightly raised platform facing their guests. Invited guests are seated
closer to the bride and groom, with family and relatives seated further in back. The bride's and groom's
bosses usually give congratulatory speeches then their friends sing in celebration. Other wedding
highlights include a candle ceremony where the couple holds a candle while greeting their guests at
each table, and the cutting of the wedding cake. Afterwards, the bride and groom thank their parents
with a speech, then leave to end the party.
In the past, dishes that supposedly brought good fortune, such as prawns and sea breams, were served
in abundance. So much of the food was ordered that guests ended up taking the surplus home. Today,
the majority of the weddings serve just enough for everyone. Additionally, before leaving, guests
would traditionally receive souvenir gifts called hikidemono.
Many wedding ceremonies take place at wedding halls or hotels. Rough estimates show that
it costs about 3 million yen to host a wedding party for 80 guests. During Japan's economic bubble,
overseas weddings and flamboyant receptions with special effects, such as smoke machines and having
the bride and groom fly in on gondolas, were very popular. But these days, couples choose to tie the
knot in various ways, from not having any ceremony to having a modest affair, or still going all out.
(Source: http://www.hiraganatimes.com)

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Question 36. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Dishes served at Japan's wedding parties in the past
B. Wedding ceremonies in Japan's economic bubble
C. Popular wedding gifts in Japan
D. Wedding ceremonies in Japan
Question 37. According to the passage, goshuugi is ______.
A. an important guest B. a happy occasion C. a type of food D. a kind of gift Question
38. The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. the couple's B. the parents' C. the relatives' D. the friends'
Question 39. According to paragraph 2, which of the following do the bride and groom do at their
wedding party?
A. They deliver a speech to thank their parents.
B. They sit on a platform at the back of the stage.
C. They hold a candle and sing in celebration.
D. They give a speech to thank their bosses.
Question 40. The word "fortune" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. excitement B. luck C. money D. benefit
Question 41. How were the wedding dishes in the past different from those of today?
A. They were more delicious. B. They were less delicious.
C. They were served in smaller amounts. D. They were served in larger amounts.
Question 42. The phrase "tie the knot" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ______.
A. get engaged B. get married C. fasten the rope D. loosen the tie

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Humans are bringing about another global-scale change in the atmosphere: the increase in
what are called greenhouse gases. Like glass in a greenhouse, these gases admit the Sun's light but tend
to reflect back downward the heat that is radiated from the ground below, trapping heat in the Earth's
atmosphere. This process is known as the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is the most significant of
these gases – there is 25 percent more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than there was a century
ago, the result of our burning coal and fuels derived from oil. Methane, nitrous oxide, and CFCs are
greenhouse gases as well.
Scientists predict that increases in these gases in the atmosphere will make the Earth a warmer place.
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They expect a global rise in average temperature somewhere between 1.0 and 3.5 degrees Celsius in
the next century. Average temperatures have in fact been rising and the years from 1987 to 1997 were
the warmest years on record. Some scientists are reluctant to say that global warming has actually
begun because climate naturally varies from year to year and decade to decade, and it takes many years
of records to be sure of a fundamental change. There is little disagreement, though, that global warming
is looming.
Global warming will have different effects in different regions. A warmed world is expected
to have more extreme weather, with more rain during wet periods, longer droughts, and more
powerful storms. Although the effects of future climate changes are unknown, some predict that
exaggerated weather conditions may translate into better agricultural yields in areas such as the western
United States, where temperature and rainfall are expected to increase, while dramatic decreases in
rainfall may lead to severe droughts and plunging agricultural yields in parts of Africa, for example.
Warmer temperatures are expected to partially melt the polar ice caps, leading to a projected
sea level rise of 50 centimeters by the year 2050. A sea level rise of this magnitude would flood coastal
cities, force people to abandon low-lying islands, and completely inundate coastal wetlands.
Diseases like malaria, which at present are primarily found in the tropics, may become more
common in the regions of the globe between the tropics and the polar regions, called the temperate
zones. For many of the world's plant species, and for animal species that are not easily able to shift
their territories as their habitat grows warmer, climate change may bring extinction.
(Source: Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation)

Question 43. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?
A. Global Warming: Problems and Solutions
B. Global Warming: Advantages and Disadvantages
C. Global Warming: Future Reactions
D. Global Warming: Possible Causes and Effects
Question 44. According to paragraph 1, which of the following factors causes an increase in
greenhouse gases?
A. Glass in a greenhouse B. Humans
C. Carbon dioxide D. Solar radiation
Question 45. The word "They" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. scientists B. temperatures C. gases D. increases

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Question 46. The word "looming" in paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. fading B. showing C. ending D. appearing
Question 47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Few scientists agree that global warming is looming.
B. Global climate naturally changes over time.
C. Changes in climate are not easy to be documented.
D. Some scientists are not sure that global warming has begun.
Question 48. The word "plunging" in paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. improving B. increasing C. preventing D. decreasing
Question 49. What may be the benefit of exaggerated weather conditions for the western United
States?
A. Minimal natural disasters B. Higher agricultural production
C. Decrease in rainfall during wet periods D. Favourable weather conditions
Question 50. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?
A. Sarcastic B. Informative C. Ironic D. Argumentative

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 TEST 6

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes
each of the following exchanges.
Question 1: Silas is talking to his roommate, Salah, about the Olympic Games.
- Silas: "Do you think our country can host the Olympic Games some day in the future?"
- Salah: "______. We can't afford such a big event."
A. You can say that again B. I can't agree with you more
C. Yes, you're right D. No, I don't think so
Question 2: Laura is telling Bob about her exam results.
- Laura: "______"
- Bob: "That's great. Congratulations!"
A. I hope I'll pass the exam tomorrow. B. I've passed the exam with an A.
C. I'll get the exam results tomorrow. D. I didn't do well in the exam.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 3: Thanks to highly sophisticated technology scientists have made many important
discoveries in different fields.
A. accessible B. confusing C. effective D. advanced
Question 4: It is firmly believed that books are a primary means for disseminating knowledge and
information.
A. classifying B. distributing C. adopting D. inventing

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 5: With price increases on most necessities, many people have to tighten their belt for fear of
getting into financial difficulties.
A. dress in loose clothes B. spend money freely
C. save on daily expenses D. put on tighter belts

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Question 6: Today the number of start-ups in Vietnam is mounting as the government has created
favourable conditions for them to develop their business.
A. peaking B. varying C. decreasing D.rising

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 7: A. delays B begins C. attracts D. believes
Question 8: A. head B. bean C. meal D. team

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 9: A. sympathy B. poverty C. equipment D. character
Question 10: A. intend B. install C. follow D. decide

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 11: It ______ to reason that Jason passed the exam with flying colours on account of his
working hard during the term.
A. comes B. gets C. stands D. lays
Question 12: Our father suggested ______ to Da Nang for this summer holiday.
A. to going B. going C. go D. to go
Question 13: The patients ______ with the new drug showed better signs of recovery than those
receiving conventional medicine.
A. treated B. having treated C. treating D. who treated
Question 14: Only after she ______ from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good health.
A. would recover B. has recovered C. had recovered D. was recovering
Question 15: Several measures have been proposed to ______ the problem of unemployment among
university graduates.
A. pose B. admit C. address D. create
Question 16: There is no excuse for your late submission! You ______ the report by last Friday.
A. mightn't have finished B. should have finished
C. needn't have finished D. must have finished

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Question 17: The presenter started his speech with a few ______ jokes to build rapport with the
audience.
A. whole-hearted B. light-hearted C. soft-hearted D. kind-hearted
Question 18: It is advisable that the apprentice should be ______ to learn the ins and outs of the new
job.
A. permissive B. noticeable C. acceptable D. observant
Question 19: Mary rarely uses social networks, ______?
A. isn't she B. does she C. doesn't she D. is she
Question 20: Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good ______ on job interviewers.
A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive
Question 21: If Martin were here now, he ______ us to solve this difficult problem.
A. would help B. helps C. will help D. has helped
Question 22: You shouldn't lose heart; success often comes to those who are not ______ by failures.
A. left out B. put off C. switched off D. turned on

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 23: It (A) concerns many sociologists that inadequate (B) parents skills may lead to an
increase in the number of of (C) incidents of (D) juvenile delinquency.
Question 24: It is (A) the ASEAN Para Games that (B) disabled athletes have (C) an opportunity to
have their talents and efforts (D) recognised.
Question 25: Teenagers (A) is greatly influenced (B) by not only their (C) parents but also their (D)
peers.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26: I find it useful to join the sports club.
A. Joining the sports club is not useful for me. B. It is useful for me to join the sports club.
C. I used to join the sports club. D. I never like joining the sports club.

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Question 27: It is believed that modern farming methods have greatly improved farmers' lives.
A. Farmers are believed to have enjoyed a much better life thanks to modern farming methods.
B. Modern farming methods were believed to have greatly improved farmers' lives.
C. Modern farming methods are believed to have had negative effects on farmers' lives.
D. People believe that there is little improvement in farmers' lives thanks to modern farming methods.
Question 28: "Would you like to go to the show with me?" Anna said to Bella.
A. Anna reminded Bella to go to the show with her.
B. Anna persuaded Bella to go to the show with her.
C. Anna encouraged Bella to go to the show with her.
D. Anna invited Bella to go to the show with her.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29: Mary left home to start an independent life. She realised how much her family meant to
her.
A. Only when Mary realised how much her family meant to her did she leave home to start an
independent life.
B. To realise how much her family meant to her, Mary decided to leave home to start an independent
life.
C. Not until Mary had left home to start an independent life did she realise how much her family meant
to her.
D. Mary left home to start an independent life with a view to realising how much her family meant to
her.
Question 30: Kate completed her higher education. She then decided to travel the world before getting
a job.
A. Without completing her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job.
B. Given that Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job, she completed her higher education.
C. Having completed her higher education, Kate decided to travel the world before getting a job.
D. Kate had scarcely travelled the world before getting a job when she completed her higher education.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
Urban development is having a direct impact on the weather in many cities worldwide. It has
been noticed that the difference (31) ______ temperature is usually greater at night and the
phenomenon occurs in both winter and summer. Experts agree that this is due to urban development,
when open green spaces are replaced with asphalt roads and tall brick or concrete buildings. These
materials retain heat generated by the Sun and release it through the night. In Atlanta, in the US, this
has even led to thunderstorms (32) ______ occur in the morning rather than, as is more common, in
the afternoon.
Large cities around the world are adopting strategies to combat this issue (33) ______ it is not
uncommon to find plants growing on top of roofs or down the walls of large buildings. In Singapore,
the government has (34) ______ to transform it into a "city within a garden" and, in 2006, they held an
international competition calling for entries to develop a master plan to help bring this about. One
outcome was the creation of 18 "Supertrees" –
metal constructions resembling very tall trees. Each one is a vertical freestanding garden and is (35)
______ to exotic plants and ferns. They also contain solar panels used to light the trees at night and
also containers to collect rainwater, making them truly self-sufficient.
(Adapted from by Pauline Cullen, Amanda French and Vanessa Jakeman) "The Official
Cambridge Guide to IELTS")
Question 31: A. on B. with C. in D. out
Question 32: A. when B. which C. what D. where
Question 33: A. or B. for C. and D. but
Question 34: A. pledged B. committed C. confessed D. required
Question 35: A. home B. house C. land D. place

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
A letter of application is a sales letter in which you are both salesperson and product, for the
purpose of an application is to attract an employer's attention and persuade him or her to grant you an
interview. To do this, the letter presents what you can offer the employer, rather than what you want
from the job.
Like a résumé, the letter of application is a sample of your work and an opportunity to
demonstrate your skills and personality. If it is written with flair and understanding and prepared with
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professional care, it is likely to be very effective. While the résumé must be factual, objective, and
brief, the letter is your chance to interpret and expand. It should state explicitly how your background
relates to the specific job, and it should emphasise your strongest and most relevant characteristics. The
letter should demonstrate that you know both yourself and the company.
The letter of application must communicate your ambition and enthusiasm. Yet it must be
modest. It should be neither aggressive nor compliant: neither pat yourself on the back nor ask for
sympathy. It should never express dissatisfaction with the present or former job or employer. And you
should avoid discussing your reasons for leaving your last job.
Finally, it is best that you not broach the subject on salary. Indeed, even if a job advertisement
requires that you mention your salary requirements, it is advisable simply to call them "negotiable."
However, when you go on an interview, you should be prepared to mention a salary range. For this
reason, you should investigate both your field and, if possible, the particular company. You don't want
to ask for less than you deserve or more than is reasonable.
(Adapted from by Linda Lee and Erik Gundersen) "Select Readings - Intermediate"
Question 36: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Advice on how to find a good job
B. Things to avoid during a job interview
C. Tips for writing an effective letter of application
D. Differences between a résumé and a letter of application
Question 37: According to paragraph 1, in a letter of application, the applicant tries to ______.
A. persuade the employer to grant him/her an interview
B. get further information about the company
C. advertise a product to attract more customers
D. present what he/she wants from the job
Question 38: The word " it" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. the letter of application B. an opportunity
C. your work D. the résumé
Question 39: The word " explicitly " in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. clearly B. shortly C. slightly D. quickly

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Question 40: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about a letter of application?
A. It should express the applicant's dissatisfaction with his/her former employer.
B. It should refer to the applicant's reasons for leaving his/her previous job.
C. It should be written very briefly, but in a formal style.
D. It should expand upon the information contained in the applicant's résumé.
Question 41: The word " broach" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. avoid B. investigate C. introduce D. understand
Question 42: According to paragraph 4, in a job interview, the applicant should be ready to ______.
A. accept any salary offered B. negotiate working conditions
C. mention their expected salary range D. talk about the company's budget

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Henry is the undisputed star of Dronfield School near Sheffield. Whatever the achievements of
other members of the comprehensive school, it is Henry, with his soulful eyes and glossy hair, who has
hogged the limelight, appearing on television in Britain and abroad. Yet despite all the public
adulation, Henry stirs up no envy or resentment among the 2000 students – in fact, they all adore him.
The dog, who first arrived six months ago, is a super dog, who has improved students' behaviour and
encouraged more students to focus on their academic achievement.
Andrew Wainwright, a student at Dronfield School, says there is something magical and
calming about being able to interact with Henry during his time at the school's catch-up classes, and
that if he falls behind, that opportunity will be denied. Even doubting staff have finally been won
round. Perhaps that is because Henry, who lies on the floor during staff meetings, has also had a
calming effect on them.
It was Andrew's teacher, Wendy Brown and the school counsellor, Julie Smart, who first
proposed buying a school dog. "Julie and I were talking one day about how looking after dogs can
positively affect children's conduct," says Brown. "We did some research and discovered that the
presence of pets has been shown to be therapeutic. A number of studies have shown that animals
improve recovery after surgery or illness and have a calming influence on people in a lot of settings.
Some of my kids can be a handful and some of the children Julie counsels have terrible problems."
Could the school dog become a craze? Other schools such as the Mulberry Bush, a primary
school for children with behavioural problems, have stepped forward to point out they already have
one. Rosie Johnston, a Mulberry staff member has been bringing her golden retriever, Muskoka, into
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school for three years. Apart from being a calming influence, Muskoka even plays his part in literacy
lessons. Children at the school can be too shy to read to adults so they read to Muskoka. "Their anxiety
about mispronouncing something or getting the words in the wrong order is reduced when they read to
him," says Johnston.
Psychologist Dr Deborah Wells from Queen's University Belfast specialises in animal-human
interaction. She believes that the underlying key to the Henry effect is that dogs offer unconditional
love and that cheers up adults and children and helps with self-esteem. But traditionalist Chris
Woodhead, the former chief inspector of schools says, "I don't see why a teacher cannot create a
positive learning environment through the subject they teach and their personality. Dogs strike me as a
bit of a publicity stunt. It's the kind of sentimental story journalists love." Despite this sentiment, Henry
remains as popular as ever.
(Adapted from by Roy Norris and Amanda French with Miles Hordern) "Ready for Advanced")
Question 43: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Having School Dogs: Pros and Cons
B. Henry – a Super Dog in Dronfield School
C. School Dogs: Useful Classroom Assistants
D. Keeping School Dogs – a Prevalent Trend
Question 44: The word " adulation" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. excessive admiration B. deserved attention
C. considerable controversy D. unrealistic expectation
Question 45: The phrase " a handful" in paragraph 3 is probably descriptive of a child who is ______.
A. difficult to control B. reluctant to explore
C. inclined to disagree D. impossible to understand
Question 46: Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 3 as a potential impact of keeping a
pet?
A. A stronger tendency to misbehave B. Better recovery from illness
C. A greater desire to influence others D. Long-term changes in conduct
Question 47: The word " one" in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
A. a school dog B. a craze
C. a Mulberry staff member D. a primary school

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Question 48: According to paragraph 4, which of the following is one of the roles played by Muskoka
at the Mulberry Bush?
A. Minimising the number of words mispronounced by its students
B. Helping its students to reduce their fear of making mistakes
C. Relieving its teaching staff of unnecessary workload
D. Encouraging a more proactive approach to teaching literacy
Question 49: Which of the following best summarises Chris Woodhead's viewpoint in paragraph 5?
A. Teachers underestimate the role of dogs in literacy lessons.
B. Schools have dogs just to attract media attention.
C. Students and dogs are inseparable companions in the classroom setting.
D. Dogs are capable of enlivening classroom atmosphere.
Question 50: Which of the following is implied in the passage?
A. Rosie Johnston is more experienced than Wendy Brown in working with animals.
B. Interaction with Henry is used to boost students' learning motivation at Dronfield School.
C. Administrators at Dronfield School are sceptical as to whether Henry's companion will benefit their
students.
D. Wendy Brown and Julie Smart are dedicated animal rights activists who wish to get their message
across to young people.

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 TEST 7

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. washed B. formed C. turned D. boiled
Question 2: A. house B. mouth C. could D. found

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. inform B. explore C. prevent D. cancel
Question 4: A. attitude B. manager C. invention D. company

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: My parents hope to travel around ______ world next summer.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø (no article)
Question 6: If you watch this film, you ______ about the cultures of Southeast Asian countries.
A. learned B. were learning C. will learn D. would learn
Question 7: Paul noticed a job advertisement while he ______ along the street.
A. was walking B. would walk C. walked D. had walked
Question 8: Solar energy is not widely used ______ it is friendly to the environment.
A. since B. although C. in spite of D. because of
Question 9: The sign warns people ______ the dangers of swimming in this river.
A. about B. from C. with D. to
Question 10: ______, they were surprised to find their favourite band playing there.
A. On arrival at the party B. To have attended the party
C. They had arrived at the party D. Just attended the party
Question 11: Once ______ in large quantities, these products will be more affordably priced.
A. are produced B. having produced C. produced D. producing
Question 12: Jane would never forget ______ first prize in such a prestigious competition.
A. to be awarded B. being awarded C. to have awarded D. having awarded

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Question 13: You should turn off the lights before going out to save ______.
A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically
Question 14: ______ school fees may discourage many students from attending university.
A. Gaining B. Receiving C. Improving D. Raising
Question 15: Drinking too much alcohol is said to ______ harm to our health.
A. make B. do C. lead D. take
Question 16: At the end of the training course, each participant was presented with a ______ of
completion.
A. degree B. certificate C. diploma D. qualification
Question 17: The ______ high levels of pollution in the coastal areas are a matter of great
concern to the government.
A. redundantly B. intensively C. marginally D. excessively
Question 18: Event organisers should plan everything carefully so as to leave nothing to ______.
A. possibility B. mistake C. opportunity D. chance

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: The discovery of the new planet was regarded as a major breakthrough in
astronomy.
A. promised B. doubted C. considered D. refused
Question 20: Mary has finally managed to get round her strict parents to let her go on a three-day
excursion with her classmates.
A. permit B. persuade C. offer D. support

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 21: Traffic congestion in big cities deters many people from using their private cars at peak
hours.
A. prohibits B. protects C. encourages D. limits
Question 22: These days, many people only read printed newspapers once in a while as they tend to
access information online.
A. regularly B. attentively C. occasionally D. selectively

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each
of the following exchanges.
Question 23: Jack is inviting Mary to his party.
- Jack: ''Would you like to come to my party this weekend?''
- Mary: ''______.''
A. Yes, I'd love to B. No, don't worry C. You're welcome D. I'm afraid so
Question 24: Laura and Mitchell are talking about their school curriculum.
- Laura: ''I think Art should be a compulsory subject.''
- Mitchell: ''______. Art helps develop creativity.''
A. I quite agree B. You must be kidding
C. I'm of the opposite opinion D. I don't think that's a good idea

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.
Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time
online than ever before. If Facebook were a country, it would be the third largest in the world by
population (The Economist, 2010). It is (25) ______ not surprising that so many psychologists,
sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our
society.
The biggest criticism levelled at social networking is that young people are losing their
offline friends to online friends (26) ______ are unable to provide the same deep connection and
emotional support. However, a lot of research shows these criticisms are generally (27) _____ Allen et
al. (2010) discovered that it is socially adjusted adolescents who are more likely to have a networking
profile than those who are not. One study by the Pew Internet and American Life
Project (2009) found that people are not (28) ______ offline friends with online companions but are
using them to support their offline relationships. The study also found that social networks allow us to
have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge
with people from a wide (29) ______ of backgrounds.
(Adapted from ''Skillful Reading & Writing 4''by Mike Boyle and Lindsay Warwick)

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Question 25: A. while B. however C. despite D. therefore
Question 26: A. what B. who C. which D. whom
Question 27: A. uninvolved B. unequalled C. unsettled D. unfounded
Question 28: A. making B. providing C. combining D. substituting
Question 29: A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
Visitors to London are struck by the proud splendour and glamour of one of the world's
oldest capitals, admiring iconic sites like Big Ben, the Palace of Westminster and Buckingham Palace.
However, visitors seeking a glimpse into the city's everyday life should not miss Portobello Market,
which is the most-visited market in London.
This vibrant market has been featured in a number of films, documentaries and best-selling books, the
most famous being the film ''Notting Hill'' starring Hugh Grant and Julia Roberts, which brought
Portobello Market to the attention of audiences all over the world.
Portobello Market is divided into different sections selling second-hand items, clothing,
jewellery, souvenirs and vegetables. The most sought-after area is devoted to antiques. Visitors may
feel overwhelmed as there are over 1,000 booths manned by antique dealers from throughout England.
It's a great fun to browse through antique cameras, watches, pottery and paintings that date back 300
years. They are sold at different prices, so it's possible to find a few good bargains. It seems that both
buyers and sellers look forward to the weekends when they can meet and escape the city's fast pace at
Portobello Market.
When tired from exploring the market, visitors can drop into the nearby food courts to
savour an Indian curry, Italian pizza or sandwiches from Europe. It's a great pleasure to drink a
cappuccino while listening to street performers. These represent the lively fun of Portobello
Market, offering exciting experiences that keep people coming back.
(Adapted from ''Heritage'' - Vietnam Airlines in-flight magazine)

Question 30: What is the passage mainly about?

A. The film ''Notting Hill'' B. The city of London
C. Portobello Market D. European cuisine
Question 31: According to the passage, Portobello Market has been featured in all of the
following EXCEPT ______.
A. films B. documentaries C. books D. songs

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Question 32: The word ''they'' in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. prices B. bargains C. buyers and sellers D. weekends
Question 33: Visitors to the antique area may feel overwhelmed because ______.
A. they can meet all sorts of people from England
B. all the antiques are sold at the same price
C. there are a large number of antique shops there
D. all the antiques are more than 300 years old
Question 34: The word ''savour'' in paragraph 4 mostly means ______.
A. see B. prepare C. enjoy D. make

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
Cambridge University is considering axing compulsory written exams, allowing students
to use laptops or iPads instead, after tutors complained that students' handwriting is becoming
illegible. Academics say the move, which would bring an end to over 800 years of tradition, has come
about because students rely too heavily on laptops in lectures, and are losing the ability to write by
hand.
Dr Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at Cambridge University, said handwriting is becoming
a ''lost art'' among the current generation of students. She added, ''It's increasingly hard for our
examiners to read students' scripts. Those with illegible writing are forced to come back to their college
during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud in the presence of two university
administrators. It's extraordinarily commendable that the University is considering reforms to its
examination practices.''
Sir Anthony Seldon, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Buckingham, said it is
inevitable that universities will move to computers as handwriting deteriorates in the coming
years. ''We have to accept the reality. Handwriting has now become an optional, not a necessary, part of
education. There simply isn't the same time in the curriculum for learning elegant, beautiful
handwriting. Life is so quick now. Everybody writes as if they were a doctor writing a prescription,'' he
said. ''Handwriting is not necessary for great thought, great English, or great intelligence. Some of our
finest wordsmiths today write using laptops, and we have to fight to preserve what is really important,
such as the use of great English or great sentence structures.''
Others, however, were not very positive about the move. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting
expert, urged Cambridge to ensure that students continue to write by hand. She said, ''It's vital that
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people continue to write by hand. Writing by hand improves memory and equates to a higher rate of
comprehension and information retention.'' There is also concern that schools could follow
Cambridge's example by moving away from handwriting. Dr Jane Medwell, Associate Professor of
Education at the University of Nottingham, is concerned that scrapping handwritten exams in
universities could prompt ''downward curriculum pressure'' on primary and secondary schools to follow
suit.
(Adapted from http://www.telegraph.co.uk)

Question 35: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Cambridge University in an Attempt to Improve Students' Handwriting
B. Cambridge University Pondering Changes to its Exam Practices
C. Cambridge University Attacked again for Abolishing Written Exams
D. Cambridge University to Replace Written with Oral Exams
Question 36: According to paragraph 1, Cambridge University has a long-standing tradition of _____.
A. offering academic tutorials B. organising handwritten exams
C. relying heavily on technology D. training students in legible handwriting
Question 37: The word ''Those'' in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. examiners B. students C. scripts D. administrators
Question 38: The word "deteriorates'' in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.
A. remains unchanged B. becomes more important
C. improves gradually D. gets worse and worse
Question 39: It can be inferred from what Sir Anthony Seldon said in paragraph 3 that ______.
A. schools in the country used to have more time for handwriting practice
B. schools in the country have failed to preserve the beauty of English
C. people's handwriting generally reflects their intelligence and linguistic competence
D. the majority of doctors these days no longer write prescriptions by hand
Question 40: The word ''scrapping'' in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. reconsidering B. eliminating C. introducing D. discouraging
Question 41: As mentioned in paragraph 4, writing by hand can ______.
A. enhance the ability to remember information
B. guarantee desirable academic performance
C. facilitate the process of information exchange
D. relieve students of unnecessary pressure

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Question 42: Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Cambridge University’s move away from handwriting has already set an
unprecedented example for other schools to follow.
B. Sarah Pearsall acknowledged handwriting as an art form to be preserved among the
current generation of students at Cambridge University.
C. Sir Anthony Seldon claimed that learning to use great English was more important than
learning to write by hand beautifully.
D. Most of the tutors at Cambridge are skeptical of the university's decision regarding
handwritten exams.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 43: (A) My friends and I (B) go usually to (C) the park on (D) the weekend.
Question 44: (A) Information on the Romans (B) can find not only (C) in these books but also on (D)
the Internet.
Question 45: There (A) are a number of updated (B) entrances in (C) the latest edition (D) of the
encyclopedia.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 46: In Vietnam, football is more popular than basketball.
A. In Vietnam, basketball is not as popular as football.
B. In Vietnam, basketball is more popular than football.
C. In Vietnam, football is not as popular as basketball.
D. In Vietnam, football is as popular as basketball.
Question 47: ''What are you going to do after school, Anne?'' Kevin asked.
A. Kevin asked Anne what was she going to do after school.
B. Kevin asked Anne what she was going to do after school.
C. Kevin wanted to know what Anne would do after school.
D. Kevin wanted to know what would Anne do after school.

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Question 48: Sally paid for her travel in advance, but it wasn’t necessary.
A. Sally needn't have paid for her travel in advance.
B. Sally might not have paid for her travel in advance.
C. Sally may not have paid for her travel in advance.
D. Sally couldn’t have paid for her travel in advance.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 49: Jenifer rejected the job offer. She now regrets it.
A. Jenifer regrets not having rejected the job offer.
B. If only Jenifer didn’t reject the job offer.
C. Jenifer wishes she hadn’t rejected the job offer.
D. Jenifer regrets to reject the job offer.
Question 50: Mike became a father. He felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents.
A. Were Mike to become a father himself, he would feel a strong sense of responsibility
towards his parents.
B. Only after Mike had become a father himself did he feel a strong sense of responsibility
towards his parents.
C. Had Mike become a father himself, he would have felt a strong sense of responsibility
towards his parents.
D. Not until he felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents did Mike become a
father himself.

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 TEST 8

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes
each of the following exchanges.
Question 1: Nancy and James are talking about their school days.
- Nancy: "I think school days are the best time of our lives."
- James: "______. We had sweet memories together then."
A. I'm afraid so B. Absolutely C. That's nonsense D. I doubt it
Question 2: John and Mike are talking about Mike's new car.
- John: "______"
- Mike: "Thanks. I'm glad to hear that."
A. Where did you buy your car? B. What a nice car!
C. Your car is new, isn't it? D. My car is very expensive DEAR COSTLY .

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. apartment B. benefit C. argument D. vacancy
Question 4: A. explain B. involve C. borrow D. discuss

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 5: A. great B. cheap C. clean D. mean
Question 6: A. improves B. destroys C. suggests D. reminds

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7: The research findings were reliable since modern technology was used to increase the
precision of the sampling procedure.
A. exactness B. inaccuracy C. insecurity D. flexibility

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Question 8: Despite the traffic hold-ups, we were able to arrive at the airport just in the nick of time
before the check-in counter closed.
A. with all our luggage B. in a terrible condition
C. at the very last moment D. with much time to spare

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 9: There is an increase in the prevalence of electronic books as more people are turning to
digitalised reading materials.
A. scarcity B deficiency C popularity D intensity Question 10: Heavily
contaminated with wastes from nearby factories, the water in this river is not suitable for daily use.
A. polluted C. cleaned D. deadly B. pure

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 11: If he didn't have to work today, he ______ his children to the zoo.
A. will take B. takes C. would take D. has taken
Question 12: Only after the bus ______ for a few miles did Jane realise she was on the wrong route.
A. was running B had run C has run D runs
Question 13: Many people head for the countryside where the flat ______ of fields helps them escape
from the hectic city life.
A. extension B. expansion C. extent D. expanse
Question 14: It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our ______ of the world.
A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know
Question 15: Maria decided ______ her education after a gap year.
A. to continue B. to continuing C. continue D. continuing
Question 16: We know that we are at fault for our third consecutive defeat, so there is no need to_____
salt into the wound.
A. spread B. rub C. apply D. put
Question 17: Despacito, ______ over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite
songs among teenagers worldwide.
A. is viewed B which viewed C viewing D viewed

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Question 18: The school drama club is ______ a play for the school's anniversary, which is due to take
place next month.
A. turning up B. making off C. putting on D. bringing down
Question 19: The students' plan for a musical show to raise money for charity received ______ support
from the school administrators.
A. light-hearted B. warm-hearted C. big-hearted D. whole-hearted
Question 20: Parents often advise their children to study hard in the hope that they will ______ success
in the future.
A. gather B. collect C. master D. achieve
Question 21: Adrian got surprisingly high grades in the final exam. He ______ his lessons very
carefully.
A. would have revised B. needn't have revised C. can't have revised D. must have revised
Question 22: Sue rarely misses a chance to do voluntary work, ______?
A. doesn't she B. does she C. is she D. isn't she

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
The knock-on effect of volunteering on the lives of individuals can be profound. Voluntary
work helps foster independence and imparts the ability to deal with different situations, often
simultaneously, thus teaching people how to (23) ______ their way through different systems. It
therefore brings people into touch with the real world; and, hence, equips them for the future.
Initially, young adults in their late teens might not seem to have the expertise or knowledge to
impart to others that say a teacher or an agriculturalist or a nurse would have, (24) ______ they do have
many skills that can help others. And in the absence of any particular talent, their energy and
enthusiasm can be harnessed for the benefit (25) ______ their fellow human beings, and ultimately
themselves. From all this, the gain to any community no matter how many volunteers are involved is
(26) ______.
Employers will generally look favorably on people (27) ______ have shown an ability to work as part
of a team. It demonstrates a willingness to learn and an independent spirit, which would be desirable
qualities in any employee.
( (Adapted from by Sam McCarter) "IELTS Testbuilder 2"

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Question 23: A. take B. work C. put D. give
Question 24: A. but B. so C. or D. for
Question 25: A. under B. of C. on D. out
Question 26: A. impassable B. unattainable C. undetectable D. immeasurable
Question 27: A. which B. what C. whose D. who

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.
There are many African tribes but, for many people, the Masai are the most well-known. They are
famous for their bright red clothing and their ceremonies with lots of music and dancing. Probably, one
of the most colorful ceremonies is the festival of "Eunoto," when the teenage boys of the Masai become
men.
Eunoto lasts for many days and Masai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the
border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called "warriors"
This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought with other tribes.
At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies while their mothers start to build a
place called the "Osingira," a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the senior elders
from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them.
Later in the day, the boys run around the Osingira, going faster and faster each time.
The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys' hair is very long before the
ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a
baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the child's hair and gives the child a name. At a Masai
wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage
boy's mother cuts his hair off at sunrise.
On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: "Now you
are men, use your heads and knowledge." Then, people start to travel back to their homes and lands.
The teenagers are no longer warriors. They are adult men and now they will get married and have
children. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities.
(Adapted from "Life" by John Hughes, Helen Stephenson and Paul Dummett)

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Question 28: What is the passage mainly about?
A. The ceremony that marks the beginning of Masai boys' adulthood
B. The journey by Masai teenage boys to the festival of Eunoto
C. The importance of Eunoto in African people's lives
D. The reasons for the Masai's popularity over other African tribes
Question 29: The word "warriors" in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.
A. dancers B. fighters C. musicians D. travellers
Question 30: The word "them" in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. different tribes B. their mothers C. the boys D. the senior elders
Question 31: According to paragraph 3, the Osingira is built by ______.
A. the Masai senior elders B. Masai teenagers
C. the Masai teenage boys' mothers D. Masai men
Question 32: The word "alter" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. differ B. change C. maintain D. distinguish
Question 33: According to the passage, what do the teenage boys do at Eunoto?
A. Painting their bodies B. Receiving new names
C. Changing their clothes D. Fighting with other tribes
Question 34: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The Masai teenage boys are given advice from senior elders before attending Eunoto.
B. The Masai teenage boys will become adults and get married after attending Eunoto.
C. Eunoto lasts for a day across the region between Kenya and Tanzania.
D. Eunoto is the ceremony for both Masai teenage boys and girls.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
In this modern world where closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are everywhere and
smartphones in every pocket, the routine filming of everyday life is becoming pervasive. A number of
countries are rolling out body cams for police officers; other public-facing agencies such as schools,
councils and hospitals are also experimenting with cameras for their employees. Private citizens are
getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as a deterrent to aggressive drivers. As
camera technology gets smaller and cheaper, it isn't hard to envisage a future where we're all filming
everything all the time, in every direction.

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 Would that be a good thing? There are some obvious potential upsides. If people know they are
on camera, especially when at work or using public services, they are surely less likely to misbehave.
The available evidence suggests that it discourages behaviours such as vandalism. Another upside is
that it would be harder to get away with crimes or to evade blame for accidents.
But a world on camera could have subtle negative effects. The deluge of data we pour into the
hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would
no doubt be willing to upload and curate our body-cam data for free, but at what cost to privacy and
freedom of choice?
Body-cam data could also create a legal minefield. Disputes over the veracity and interpretation
of police footage have already surfaced. Eventually, events not caught on camera could be treated as if
they didn't happen. Alternatively, footage could be faked or doctored to dodge blame or incriminate
others.
Of course, there's always the argument that if you're not doing anything wrong, you have
nothing to fear. But most people have done something embarrassing, or even illegal, that they regret
and would prefer they hadn't been caught on film. People already censor their social media feeds – or
avoid doing anything incriminating in public – for fear of damaging their reputation. Would ubiquitous
body cams have a further chilling effect on our freedom?
The always-on-camera world could even threaten some of the attributes that make us human.
We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behaviours, they oil the
wheels of our social interactions. Once people assume they are being filmed, they are likely to clam up.
The argument in relation to body-cam ownership is a bit like that for guns: once you go past a
critical threshold, almost everyone will feel they need one as an insurance policy. We are nowhere near
that point yet – but we should think hard about whether we really want to say "lights, body cam,
action."
(Adapted from ) https://www.newscientist.com

Question 35: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The current public obsession with modern technology
B. The ubiquity of cameras and ensuing problems
C. Legal disputes fuelled by body-cam data
D. Data overload experienced by social network users
Question 36: The word " envisage" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. embrace B. fantasise C. reject D. visualise

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Question 37: As mentioned in paragraph 2, misbehaviour can be discouraged if potential offenders
______.
A. are aware of being filmed at the time
B. know that they may be subjected to criticism
C. realise that they may be publicly punished
D. are employed in the public sector
Question 38: The phrase "a mixed blessing" in paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A. something that is neither good nor bad
B. something that produces unexpected results
C. something that has both advantages and disadvantages
D. something either negative or positive in nature
Question 39: What does the author imply in paragraph 3?
A. Body-cam ownership could eventually give rise to information overload, which, in turn, raises
public concern.
B. Social networks provide their users with greater freedom of choice while depriving them of their
privacy and anonymity.
C. Companies like Facebook may have their own intentions behind their willingness to take care of
their users' body-cam data.
D. Google and similar enterprises tend to refrain from harvesting their customers' data for
illicit purposes.
Question 40: It is stated in paragraph 4 that unrecorded events ______.
A. may go unnoticed or be ignored completely
B. could be manipulated to charge innocent people
C. should be kept open to interpretation
D. could provoke legal disputes among media companies
Question 41: According to paragraph 5, why do social media users already act more carefully online?
A. Because they regret doing something illegal.
B. Because they disapprove of uncensored social media feeds.
C. Because they want to avoid being recognised in public.
D. Because they wish to protect their image.
Question 42: The word "they" in paragraph 6 refers to ______.
A. wheels B. social interactions
C. desirable behaviours D. people
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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 43: Laura practised playing the instrument a lot. She could hardly improve her performance.
A. Hardly had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot when she could improve her performance.
B. Had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could have performed much better.
C. However much Laura practised playing the instrument, she could hardly perform any better.
D. As soon as Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could perform much better.
Question 44: Lucy paid a visit to the local orphanage. She then decided to donate part of her savings to
the children there.
A. Lucy had hardly decided to donate part of her savings to the children when she paid a visit to the
local orphanage.
B. It was only when Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the children that she paid a visit
to the local orphanage.
C. Before she paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy had decided to donate part of her savings to the
children there.
D. Having paid a visit to the local orphanage, Lucy decided to donate part of her savings to the children
there.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 45: My friend has stopped eating fast food.
A. My friend sometimes eats fast food. B. My friend doesn't like eating fast food.
C. My friend no longer eats fast food. D. My friend has never eaten fast food.
Question 46: "You should take better care of your health," said Tom's mother.
A. Tom's mother promised to take better care of his health.
B. Tom's mother ordered him to take better care of his health.
C. Tom's mother required him to take better care of his health.
D. Tom's mother advised him to take better care of his health.

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Question 47: They report that soil pollution has seriously threatened the livelihood of many local
farmers.
A. The livelihood of many local farmers was reported to be seriously endangered by soil pollution.
B. It is reported that the livelihood of many local farmers has led to serious soil pollution.
C. Soil pollution is reported to have posed a serious threat to the livelihood of many local farmers.
D. It has been reported that soil pollution has actually put many local farmers' lives at risk.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 48: (A) The keynote speaker started with some (B) complementary remarks about (C) the
organisers of the conference, and then (D) proceeded with her speech.
Question 49: It was (A) the year 2003 that Vietnam (B) hosted the Southeast Asian Games (SEA
Games (C) for the first (D) time
Question 50: (A) My classmates (B) is going on (C) a trip to Cuc Phuong National Park (D) this
weekend

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 TEST 9

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. involved B. devoted C. considered D. declined
Question 2: A. species B. invention C. medicine D. tennis

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. copy B. remove C. notice D. cancel
Question 4: A. extinction B. furniture C. applicant D. wilderness

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 5: The assumption that (A) smoking has bad effects (B) on (C) our health have been proved
(D).
Question 6: A novel is a story long enough (A) to fill a complete (B) book, in that (C) the characters
and events are usually imaginary (D).
Question 7: The leader demanded from his members (B) a serious attitude towards work (C), good
team spirit, and that they work hard (D).

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 8: There _______ many significant advances in Vietnamese education recently.
A. are B. will be C. had been D. have been
Question 9: So little _______ about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.
A. did I know B. I knew C. do I know D. I know
Question 10: The harder we studied, _______.
A. the more confusing we got B. the most confused we got
C. the more confused we got D. we got much confused

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Question 11: Visitors to the local museum are mostly attracted by _______ rocking chair.
A. an old wooden European beautiful B. a beautiful old European wooden
C. an old beautiful wooden European D. a wooden old beautiful European
Question 12: _______ broken several world records in swimming.
A. She is said to have B. People say she had
C. It is said to D. She is said she has
Question 13: Books provide the reader _______ so many facts and so much information.
A. for B. on C. with D. at
Question 14: The Vietnamese participants took part in the 28th SEA Games in Singapore with great
_______.
A. enthusiast B. enthusiastic C. enthusiastically D. enthusiasm
Question 15: My father always _______ the crossword in the newspaper before breakfast.
A. writes B. does C. works D. makes
Question 16: We should organize different activities to _______ people’s awareness of the need to
protect endangered animals.
A. raise B. rise C. classify D. get
Question 17: Anna is holding her shopping bag with one hand and turning the door handle with _____.
A. others B. the other C. another D. other
Question 18: The Second World War _______ in 1939.
A. turned up B. took off C. brought up D. broke out
Question 19: Quite soon, the world is going to _______ energy resources.
A. come down with B. run out of C. keep up with D. stand up for

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to
complete each of the following exchanges.
Question 20: Two friends Cindy and Peter are talking about Peter’s tennis game.
- Cindy: “I thought your tennis game was a lot better today, Peter.” - Peter: “_______. I thought it was
terrible.”
A. It’s alright B. Never mind
C. My pleasure D. You’ve got to be kidding!

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Question 21: Barbara is at the clinic.
- Barbara: “Can I make an appointment to see a doctor, please?”
- Receptionist: “_______.”
A. Not at the moment. He can’t be disturbed B. OK, let me just check my diary
C. Have a seat and I will be with you in an hour D. OK, you will need to check my diary

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 22: The situation seems to be changing minute by minute.
A. again and again B. time after time C. very rapidly D. from time to time
Question 23: The competition will commence just after the opening ceremony.
A. begin B. indulge C. restrict D. devote

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 24: Any student who neglects his or her homework is unlikely to do well at school.
A. puts off B. looks for C. attends to D. approves of
Question 25: No one knew precisely what would happen to a human being in space.
A. wrongly B. casually C. legally D. formally

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 26: You needn’t have taken so many warm clothes there.
A. It’s not necessary for you to take so many warm clothes there.
B. You have taken so many warm clothes there that I don’t need.
C. There’s no need for you to take many warm clothes there.
D. You took lots of warm clothes there, but it turned out not necessary.
Question 27: “Leave my house now or I’ll call the police!” shouted the lady to the man.
A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn’t leave her house.
B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn’t leave her house.
C. The lady politely told the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house.
D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police.

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Question 28: It’s difficult for me to understand what he implies.
A. Understanding what he implies is found difficult.
B. What he implies is not very difficult to understand.
C. I find it difficult to understand what he means.
D. To understand what he really means is difficult to find.
Question 29: The plan may be ingenious. It will never work in practice.
A. Ingenious as may the plan be, it will never work in practice.
B. Ingenious as the plan may be, it will never work in practice.
C. The plan may be too ingenious to work in practice.
D. The plan is as impractical as it is ingenious.
Question 30: Most scientists know him well. However, very few ordinary people have heard of him.
A. Many ordinary people know him better than most scientists do.
B. Although he is well-known to scientists, he is little known to the general public.
C. He is the only scientist that is not known to the general public.
D. Not only the general public but also scientists know him as a big name.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.
Running is now very popular both as a sport and as a way of keeping fit. Even if you only run a short
(31) _______ once or twice a week, you need to make sure you wear good shoes. (32) _______ is a lot
of choice nowadays in running shoes. First of all, how much you want to spend on your shoes. Then
find a pair which fits you well. Be prepared to try different sizes in different types of shoes. Women’s
shoes are made narrower than men’s. Although most women will find a woman’s shoe which suits
them, there is no (33) _______ why a woman can’t wear a man’s shoe. The same is true for a man –
(34) _______ a woman’s shoe fits you better, just wear it. Take your time in the shop. If you (35)
_______ a mistake and buy the wrong shoes, your feet will let you know.
Question 31: A. distance B. path C. line D. length
Question 32: A. It B. This C. There D. That
Question 33: A. fact B. reason C. knowledge D. choice
Question 34: A.because B. so C. despite D. if
Question 35: A. make B. do C. cause D. take

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.
In 1826, a Frenchman named Niépce needed pictures for his business. He was not a good artist, so he
invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That
was the first photograph.
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another
Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his
pictures, you could see everything clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called
a daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all
around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities, and mountains.
In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and
moving things. The process was not simple and photographers had to carry lots of film and processing
equipment. However, this did not stop photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840,
daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
Matthew Brady was one well-known American photographer. He took many portraits of famous
people. The portraits were unusual because they were lifelike and full of personality. Brady was also
the first person to take pictures of a war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined
cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready-made
in rolls, instead of having to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film
immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry
lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less
expensive. With a small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for
fun. They took pictures of their families, friends, and favorite places. They called these pictures
"snapshots".
Documentary photographs became popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also
used them. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings.
Some people began to think of photography as a form of art. They thought that photography could do
more than show the real world. It could also show ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

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Question 36: The first photograph was taken with ______.
A. a small handheld camera B. a very simple camera
C. a daguerreotype D. new types of film
Question 37: Daguerre took a picture of his studio with ______.
A. a new kind of camera B. a very simple camera
C. special equipment D. an electronic camera
Question 38: The word “this” in the passage refers to the ______.
A. carrying of lots of film and processing equipment
B. stopping of photographers from taking photos
C. fact that daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities
D. taking of pictures of people and moving things
Question 39: The latest invention mentioned in the passage is the invention of ______.
A. handheld cameras B. processing equipment.
C. daguerreotypes. D. rolls of film.
Question 40: Matthew Brady was well-known for ______.
A. inventing daguerreotypes. B. the small handheld camera.
C. taking pictures of French cities. D. portraits and war photographs.
Question 41: As mentioned in the passage, photography can ______.
A. print old pictures B. convey ideas and feelings
C. show the underworld D. replace drawings
Question 42: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Different Steps in Film Processing B. Story of Photography
C. Photography and Painting D. Story of Famous Photographers

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport but
most are by private car.
In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the
shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the
Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find
anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so
people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars.
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In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the
underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used.
Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major
cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even
high-school students have their own cars.
Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities. Most
places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their own
convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Long-distance
coach / bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less
comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may be by air.
There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is
also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.
In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies,
Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers. Private
railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of freight
goes by road.
The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion and
pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a few
years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use
public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to
share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough.
Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and
restricts their freedom. Petrol / gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public
transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less.

Question 43: In Britain and the US most people travel by _______.

A. road B. air C. rail D. sea
Question 44: According to the passage, people in London may prefer the Underground to their own
cars due to _______.
A. long distances B. heavy traffic C. cheap tickets D. air pollution
Question 45: It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that the public transportation systems in the US are good
in _______.
A. large states B. some states C. large cities D. all cities
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Question 46: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Few college students in the US have their own cars.
B. Families in the US often have more than one car.
C. Most Americans prefer to drive their cars outside large cities.
D. The underground systems are popular in some major US cities.
Question 47: According to the information in paragraph 5, long-distance travellers in the US can
choose from _______ mode(s) of transport.
A. one B. two C. three D. four
Question 48: It is stated in the passage that the major problems of road transport in Britain and the US
are _______.
A. traffic jams and pollution B. drink-driving and traffic jams
C. speeding and bad roads D. accidents and pollution
Question 49: According to the passage, people in Britain refuse public transport because _______.
A. they think it is not good enough
B. petrol is relatively cheap in Britain
C. they see no reason to use their cars less
D. they like to share rides with neighbours
Question 50: The word “they” in the last sentence of the passage can best be replaced by _______.
A. Americans B. major cities C. neighbours D. the government

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 TEST 10

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. consist B. carry C. remove D. protect
Question 2: A. solution B. principal C. passenger D. continent

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. touch B. round C. ground D. shout
Question 4: A.combined B. travelled C. behaved D. practised

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each
of the following exchanges.
Question 5: A shop assistant is talking to a customer.
- Shop assistant: “ Do you need anything else?”
- Customer: “................”
A. Good job! B. That’s all. Thanks. C. With pleasure. D. You're welcome
Question 6: Ann and Peter are talking about housework.
- Ann: “ I think children should be paid for doing the housework.”
- Peter: “ ........................ . It’s their duty in the family.”
A. You’re exactly right B. That’s what I think
C. There’s no doubt about it D. 1 don’t think so

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7: These photos brought back many sweet memories of our trip to Hanoi last year.
A. recalled B. released C. revised D. caught
Question 8: At first, John said he hadn’t broken the vase, but later he accepted it.
A. denied B. discussed C. protected D. admitted

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 9: Children brought up in a caring environment tend to grow more sympathetic towards
others
A. loving B. dishonest C. healthy D. hateful
Question 10: It’s quite disappointing that some people still turn a blind eye to acts of injustice they
witness in the street
A. take no notice of B. have no feeling for C. show respect for D. pay attention to

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 11: As they remembered ....................... about the danger of getting lost in the forest, the
tourists closely followed the tour guide.
A. being warned B. warning C. to be warned D. to warn
Question 12: Once ................. for viruses, the software can be installed in the school computer system
for use
A. has tested B. is tested C. testing D. tested
Question 13: The teacher entered the room while the students .................... their plan for the excursion.
A. discuss B. were discussing C. discussed D. are discussing
Question 14: His choice of future career is quite similar ................. mine
A. with B. at C. for D. to
Question 15: With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite .................... with the students.
A. popularity B. popular C. popularise D. popularly
Question 16: The residents of the village are living a happy life .................. they lack modern facilities.
A. because of B. although C. therefore D. despite
Question 17: Action films with big stars tend to ....................... great public attention.
A. achieve B. show C. attract D. reach
Question 18: This is ................. most beautiful song I’ve ever listened to.
A. an B. a C. the D. ∅
Question 19: The scientists are working on a drug capable of ...................... the spread of cancerous
cells.
A. arresting B. catching C. seizing D. grasping

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Question 20: The little boy took an instant liking to his babysitter .................... .
A. upon their first meeting B. before he first met her
C. prior to their first meeting D. as soon as he meets her
Question 21: It’s time he acted like a ................... adult and stopped blaming others for his
wrongdoings.
A. responsible B. sociable C. believable D. suitable
Question 22: We ..................... on a field trip if the weather is fine this weekend.
A. could have gone B. will go C. would go D. went
Question 23: One recipe for success is to stay focused and ................... yourself to whatever you do
A. apply B. attach C. assign D. adhere
Question 24: It’s not my ............... to tell you how to run your life, but I think you should settle down
and have a family.
A. work B. chore C. job D. career

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29.
Becoming an independent language learner
In an educational context, the term ‘learner independence’ has gained increasing importance in recent
years. It is of particular (25) .................. to language learning and commonly refers to the way students
confidently control and organise their own language learning process. While some people seem to have
an almost (26) ............... flair for languages, others have to rely on strategies to maximize their skills
and learn a foreign language more effectively.
The main thing to remember is that becoming a truly independent learner ultimately depends above all
on taking responsibility for your own learning and being prepared to take every opportunity available
to you to learn. You also increase your chances of (27) ................... by learning according to your own
needs and interests, using all available resources. Research shows that learners (28) ................... adopt
this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and,
(29) .................. , are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term.
(Adapted from “ Complete Advanced” by Laura Matthews and Barbara Thomas)

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Question 25: A. resemblance B. relevance C. acquaintance D. acceptance
Question 26: A. habitual B. spiritual C. perceptive D. instinctive
Question 27: A. successfully B. successful C. succeed D. success
Question 28: A. who B. why C. where D. which
Question 29: A. as a result B. in contrast C. though D. because

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 34.
Tribal tourism is a relatively new type of tourism. It involves travellers going to remote
destinations, staying with local people and learning about their culture and way of life. They stay in
local accommodation, share facilities with local people, and join in with meals and celebrations . At the
moment, less than one percent of holidays are tribal tourism holidays, but this is set to change.
Tribal tourism is often compared with foreign exchange visits. However, a foreign exchange involves
staying with people who often share the same values. Tribal tourism takes visitors to places where the
lifestyle is very different from that in their home location. Those who have been on a tribal holiday
explain that experiencing this lifestyle is the main attraction. They say that it offers them the chance to
live in a way they never have before.
Not everyone is convinced that tribal tourism is a good thing, and opinions are divided. The argument
is about whether or not it helps the local population, or whether it exploits them . The main problem is
that, because tribal tourism is relatively new, the long-term influences on local populations have not
been studied in much detail. Where studies have been carried out, the effects have been found to be
negative.
So, is it possible to experience an exotic culture without harming it in some way? “ With a bit of
thought, we can maximise the positive influences and minimise the negative,” says travel company
director Hilary Waterhouse. “ The most important thing for a tribal tourist is to show respect for, learn
about, and be aware of, local customs and traditions. Always remember you're a guest.”
(Adapted from’ Complete IELTS ' by Radon Wynn)

Question 30: Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. An Old Tourist Destination B. Holidays with a Difference
C. Different Customs of a Tribe D. Peak Holiday Seasons
Question 31: The word “They” in paragraph 1 refers to
A. travellers B. facilities C. local people D. remote destinations
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Question 32: According to paragraph 2, what is the main attraction of tribal tourism?
A. Tourists can stay with people of the same values.
B. Tourists can interact with other foreign visitors.
C. Tourists can experience a different lifestyle.
D. Tourists can explore beauty spots in remote areas.
Question 33: The word “ divided” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. similar B. important C. different D. interesting
Question 34: According to Hilary Waterhouse, the most important thing for a tribal tourist is
to .......................... .
A. forget about negative experiences B. respect local customs and traditions
C. learn about other guests D. be accompanied by other travellers

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.
E-waste is being produced on a scale never seen before. Computers and other electronic equipment
become obsolete in just a few years, leaving customers with little choice but to buy newer ones to keep
up. Millions of tons of computers, TVs, smartphones and other equipment are discarded each year. In
most countries, all this waste ends up in landfills where it poisons the environment - e-waste contains
many toxic subtances such as lead, mercury and arsenic that leaks into the grounds.
Recycling is the ideal solution to the problem. E-waste contains significant amounts of valuable
metals like gold and silver that make it attractive to recycle. In theory, recycling gold from old
computers is more efficient- and less environmentally destructive - than digging it from the earth. The
problem is that a large percentage of e-waste dropped off for recycling in wealthy countries is sold and
diverted to the developing world, posing an increasing threat to the health of the people there.
To address the problem of the international trade in e-waste, 170 nations signed the 1989 Basel
Convention, an agreement requiring that developed nations notify developing nations of hazardous
waste shipments coming into their countries. Then, in 1995 the Basel Convention was modified to ban
hazardous waste shipments to poor countries completely. Although the ban hasn’t taken effect, the
European Union, where recycling infrastructure is well developed, has already written it into their laws
One law holds manufacturers responsible for the safe disposal of electronics they produce.
Companies like Creative Recycling Systems in Florida, the USA, are hoping to profit from clean e-
waste recycling. The key to their business is a huge, building-size machine able to separate electronic
products into their component materials. As the machine’s steel teeth break up e-waste, all the toxic
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dust is removed from the process. This machine can handle some 70,000 tons of electronics a year.
Although this is only a fraction of the total, it wouldn’t take many more machines like this to process
the entire USA’s output of high-tech trash.
Unfortunately, under current policies, domestic processing of e-waste is not compulsory, and while
shipping waste abroad is ethically questionable, it is still more profitable than processing it safely in the
USA. Creative Recycling Systems is hoping that the US government will soon create laws deterring
people from sending e-waste overseas.
(Adapted from “Reading Explorer 4” by Paul Macintyre and Nancy Hurley)

Question 35: Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Waste Recycling: A Storm in a Teacup
B. Domestic Recycling: Pros and Cons
C. E-waste- An Export Commodity of the Future
D. E-waste- A Mess to Clear up Question
36: The word “obsolete” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
A. outdated B. inaccurate C. broken D. incomplete
Question 37: As stated in paragraph 2, a large percentage of e-waste meant for recycling in the
developed countries ................... .
A. is buried deep in the soil at landfills
B. contains all valuable metals except gold
C. is later recycled in local factories
D. is eventually sent to developing nations
Question 38: The word “notify" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ................ .
A. assure B. notice C. excuse D. inform
Question 39: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to .................. .
A. the ban B. recycling infrastructure
C. the European Union D. the Basel Convention
Question 40: According to the European Union’s laws, electronics manufacturers are required
to ...................
A. upgrade their recycling infrastructure regularly
B. sell their e-waste to developed nations only
C. sign the Basel Convention
D. take responsibility for disposing of their products safely
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Question 41: Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. The USA’s total e-waste output amounts to 70,000 tons per year.
B. Creative Recycling Systems has made a fortune from their recycling machine
C. The Basel Convention originally banned the import of high-tech trash into European countries.
D. Shipping e-waste abroad yields greater profit than recycling it safely in the USA.
Question 42: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most countries have made enormous efforts to manage their e-waste exports
B. Legislative action is fundamental to solving the problem of e-waste effectively.
C. Strict laws against sending e-waste abroad have recently been upheld in Florida
D. Developing nations benefit more from the trade in e-waste than their developed counterparts

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines
each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 43: Peter moved abroad for a fresh start. He regrets it now.
A. If only Peter had moved abroad for a fresh start.
B. Peter wishes he hadn’t moved abroad for a fresh start.
C. If Peter moved abroad for a fresh start, he would regret it.
D. Peter regrets not having moved abroad for a fresh start.
Question 44: Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more
appealing.
A. Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced
B. Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable
prices.
C. No matter how reasonable the prices of smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new
applications.
D. Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable but, with new applications, they are also more
appealing.

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.
Question 45: It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends.
A. You shouldn’t have criticised your son in front of his friends.
B. You must have criticised your son in front of his friends
C. You mightn't have criticised your son in front of his friends
D. You could have criticised your son in front of his friends.
Question 46: My father likes reading newspapers more than watching TV.
A. My father doesn't like watching TV as much as reading newspapers
B. My father likes watching TV more than reading newspapers.
C. My father doesn’t like reading newspapers as much as watching TV.
D. My father likes watching TV as much as reading newspapers.
Question 47: “ How long have you lived here. Lucy?” asked Jack
A. Jack asked Lucy how long did she live here
B. Jack asked Lucy how long she had lived there
C. Jack asked Lucy how long she lived here.
D. Jack asked Lucy how long had she lived there.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 48: At the beginning of (A) the ceremony, there was a (B) respectable one-minute silence (C)
in remembrance of the victims of the (D) earthquake.
Question 49: My mother (A) gets up usually early (B) to prepare breakfast (C) for the (D) whole
family.
Question 50: The money raised in (A) the appeal (B) will use to (C) help those in need in remote (D)
areas.

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