TRADE PROJECT

CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN P.W.D OFFICE

PRESENTER CHELILIM KIMUTAI JAIRUS

COURSE : DIPLOMA IN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY.

INDEX : 5031111978

COURSE CODE : 2705

SUPERVISOR : SIKOTO JUMA.

CENTRE CODE : 503111

INSTITUTION : KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC.

EXAM SERIES : JULLY 2024

PRESENTED TO : THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION

COUNCIL IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR

AWARD IN DIPLOMA IN BUILDING

TECHNOLOGY
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this is my original work and has been done with a lot of effort and skills
gained from year one plus additional research which has made me carry out this project
successfully.

This project is to be submitted to The Kenya National Examination Council for the award of
Diploma in Building technology.

Presented by:

CHELILIM KIMUTAI JAIRUS

Sign: ……………..

Date……………..

SUPERVISED BY;

NAME: MR JUMA SIKOTO

Sign; ………………………

Date………………………..

i
DEDICATION

This research project is dedicated to my dear parents, who gave me moral support as I conducted
my Studies. I dedicate also my all friends and almighty God for care and good health.

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I extend my acknowledgment to the almighty God for the spiritual guidance during my course
study in coming up with this project. My regards also goes to my supervisor Mr. Sikoto juma for
his guidance that has resulted to the completion of this work.
Lastly, I’m grateful to my classmates and my entire family for their moral support, sacrifice and
patience that has made the going worthwhile.

To those who have contributed towards the success of this work, may Almighty God bless you.

iii
 ABSTRACT SHEET

The main objective of this project is to gauge the student's capability of applying the knowledge
and skills gained after a three years course in completion of building technology .The project is
meant to cover various disciplines under construction industry and also to meet the syllabus
requirements as stipulated by the technical education

iv
 Table of Contents
DEDICATION.............................................................................................................................................i

DECLARATION...........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................................iii

ABSTRACT SHEET.....................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................vii

CLIENTS REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................vii

MODERN PWD OFFICE..........................................................................................................................vii

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER SUMMARY...........................................................................................................................viii

1.0 SURVEYING.....................................................................................................................................viii

2.0 SOIL INVESTIGATION....................................................................................................................viii

3.0ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS......................................................................................................viii

4.0 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................viii

5.0 MEASUREMENT..............................................................................................................................viii

6.0 ESTIMATION AND COSTING.........................................................................................................viii

7.0 SITE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION..........................................................................ix

8.0 SERVICES...........................................................................................................................................ix

CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1

1.0 SITE INVESTIGATION.................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................3

2.0 SURVEYING..................................................................................................................................3

2.1 RECONNAISSANCE.....................................................................................................................3

2.2 CHAIN SURVEY............................................................................................................................3

4.3...............................................................................................................................................................4

C. LEVELLING BY RISE AND FALL.....................................................................................................5

v
CONTOURING...........................................................................................................................................5

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS..............................................................................................................8

CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................10

1, TAKE OFF THE QUANTITIES FOR THE SUBSTRUCTURE WORK.............................................10

B,BILLS OF QUANTITIES......................................................................................................................15

CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................................17

ESTIMATION AND COSTING...............................................................................................................17

CHAPTER SIX........................................................................................................................................21

SITE ORGANIZATION...........................................................................................................................21

1 SITE LAYOUT......................................................................................................................................21

..................................................................................................................................................................21

SITE LAY OUT........................................................................................................................................22

4METHOD STATEMENT.......................................................................................................................23

CHAPTER SEVEN...................................................................................................................................29

SERVICES................................................................................................................................................29

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................29

1. DETERMINE THE WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT..............................................29

2. RETICULATION SYSTEM.................................................................................................................30

3.DETAILS FOR DRAINAGE.................................................................................................................30

APPENDIX...................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

vi
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The design and construction to be done practical, economical and in conformity with the
construction regulations and must meet the client requirements and specifications, choice should
match existing structures and features of the site.

CLIENTS REQUIREMENTS

MODERN PWD OFFICE.

CLIENT: THE KAPENGURIA TTI Proposes to Start a modern pwd office within the compound
to curb up the need of pwd students within the institution.

vii
 CHAPTER SUMMARY

1.0 SURVEYING
All the surveying details are given after a proper chaining procedure is undertaken. This gives the
information on the topographical location of physical features and leveling of the ground that
produced a contour map.

2.0 SOIL INVESTIGATION

In this chapter, soil samples are taken to the laboratory for testing of the following; Atterberg limits,
proctor compaction tests, soil bearing capacity and shear tests. After which proper classification of soil
samples is done.

3.0ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
In this chapter, block plan, site layout plans, floor plans, elevations and cross-sections are made. All
the information concerning windows and doors schedule is also provided in this chapter.

4.0 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS.

In this chapter there is design and detail the following:

a) Roof
Floor and beams
b) Typical columns

5.0 MEASUREMENT
Under this chapter there is to take off the quantities for the substructure works of the proposed
structure.

6.0 ESTIMATION AND COSTING

It is required to build up a unit rate for hoarding over substructure works and for excavation in order to
prepare a bill of quantities is prepared.

viii
7.0 SITE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION.
This chapter entails the suite layout, method statement and detailed program for the construction
process.

8.0 SERVICES
The water provision for the construction and use by the client together with drainage system are
well defined

ix
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 SITE INVESTIGATION
I investigated the site and dug four trial holes each 3.00m deep and samples obtained in each

hole and labeled as A ,B ,and C respectively . I took the samples for testing, the results are

attached in the next pages .

Objective of the site investigation

1. to determine the nature and sequence of strata

2. to determine the ground water condition of the surrounding

3. to determine the soil properties like stability and bearing capacity for its stability

4. To enable one to determine the effects that may be caused by construction work on

existing structures both on site and The following tests were carried out to determine

surrounding.

Soil testing investigation

5. the strength of the soil on the proposed project

a) soil classification tests

b) atterberg limit tests

c) proctor computer tests

d) soil bearing capacity tests

the soil was classified after plotting the graph shown on the table as it lie between sand as shown

in the tables drawn .

soil bearing capacity

1
A100N/M 3 result was found to be the bearing capacity of the soil sample after calculations . it

enhances the design of column bases of the buildings . from plasticity table , the soil is described

as inorganic clay of low plasticity . The soil is under medium clay which has a bearing range of

100-300kn/m3

2
 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 SURVEYING

2.1 RECONNAISSANCE

This was carried out after visiting the site it was the pre-visit of the proposed site. The site was

upset for any demolition and cut down trees respectively. A sample sketch was drawn to provide

to provide a means of guidance and views of the site henceforth, the site was free from any

obstacles since there was no building or structure to demolish and trees to cut down to clear the

site .

2.2 CHAIN SURVEY

A branch of survey establish by linear measurement. Chain survey was carried out to obtain

information such as the actual size of the proposed site

The following procedures were embraced

a) reconnaissance

b) selection of survey station

c) selection of the baseline

d) actual survey

e) recording or booking

f) plotting

3
B 85 0.75

Bungoma road

76.5 4.24

74.40

22.3 17.6

4.3

8.3

C1 Eldoret road

4
C. LEVELLING BY RISE AND FALL
BS IS FS RISE FALL R.L LENGTH REMARKS
1.861
1.379 0.482
2.080 0.701 100.00 20 BM
2.871 0.791 100.432 40 A
1.135 1.376 1.825 99.781 60 F2
3.020 2.285 1.885 98.970 80 E1
0.735 2.285 100.726 100 F1
2.101 1.336 98.841 120 T1
1.552 0.549 101.126 140 G1
3.273 1.722 99.760 160 G2
0.813 2.461 100.309 180 H2
3.596 2.783 98.265 200 E2
2.791 1.424 0.805 99.070 220 CP
1.367 100.437 240 J
2.301 1.440 100.437 260 C
0.861 0.509 101.877 280 H
0.352 2.735 2.387 99.999 300 BM

TT=4.162 TT=4.163 TT=11.634 TT=11.635

Arithmetic checks

FS-BS=4.163-4.162=0.001

RL=100.00-99.999=0.001

FALL-RISE=11.63-11.634=0.001

CONTOURING
Was done using Height of collimation method .i.e. established reduced levels at each point in
reference to TBM=100
Equipment used include
1 .Automatic level
2.Tripod
3 .Level rod
4 .Wire flags
5.Calculators

5
6 .Field note book
Procedure
a) Field procedure
Layout the grid by pacing or approximate measurements along the perpendiculars ,setting
a wire flag or temporary marker every 20 ft . ensure that you have the same number of
markers per row on the ground as you do in your field book .
 set up the the level near the centre of your parcel so that back sight and foresight is
approximately balanced .
 back sight to a parcel corner in order to established the elevation of the level . the
elevation data for the parcel corner can be found in your field note book from the level
lab
 once the elevation of the instrument is established , observe side shots to each of the
flagged points . simply place the rod on the ground next to each flagged point , plumb
it ,and take a reading on the rod . you only need to record the middle wire reading .
 when all observable points have been collected , take a foresight reading onto another
parcel corner [on the back sight point ].there should be less than 0.01 ft. error between BS
–FS readings and the known elevation
b) Plotting procedure

a, Identify alongside of your parcel and use this your baseline with one end point as your

baseline point . A line perpendicular to it at the base point is your other grid axis in the field ,

You can estimate the perpendicular direction by eye.

a. using this axes as your baseline , draw a 20 ft. grid in your field book following the
example attached to this alignment . start the grid outside the parcel and continue across
the parcel until you are outside the opposite side . your grid should be perpendicular lines
b. label the grid coordinates and create a table in your notes in order to facilitate organized
data collection .see the attached example bellow

6
N2000
N2020

N1980N
N1960

N1940

N1920

N1900
E5900
E5920 E5940 E6020

E5960 E5980 E6000 E6040

7
 CHAPTER THREE

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS.

Office plan.

8
9
 CHAPTER FOUR

1, TAKE OFF THE QUANTITIES FOR THE SUBSTRUCTURE WORK

10
 24.2 m

17.6 m

150mm thick slab

150
200mm h/c
2050

300
DPM/DPC

3000 150mm thick murram

blinding

SUBSTRUCTURE WORK
ALL ARE PROVISIONAL
EARTHWORK AND SITE PREPARATION
1.site clearance
2.excation of vegetable soil
3.reduce levels
4.excation of foundation trench
5.item –dewatering
_strutting and plucking
6.foundation trench blinding
7.concrete in trench
8. foundation walling
9.hardcore
10.murram blinding
11.formwork
12.antitermite treatment
13.dpm

11
 14.brc mesh
15.oversite concreting /slab
16.dpc
17.soil adjustment
Site clearance/excavation of vegetable soil /reducing levels
Length=24200+600/2=25.4m
Width=17600+600/2=18.8m

25.4 Clear the site of all bushes , undergrowth ,small trees ,shrubs
and all the arising and burn the on the site
18.8 $
Excavate the vegetable soil n.e 150mm dp and spread on site as
directed
$
Excavate in RL n.e 150mm dp
$
Cut away and deposit the soil 30m away from the site

Trench excavation
Girth=L=25.4/2 }+
W=18.8/2
=88.4m
88.4
N/B;the trench is 2500mm dp
4.20
Width of the trench =3000+600/2=4.20m
2.50 Depth =2500m=2.50m
Excavate the trench average 1.5m dp beginning from the RL
$
Cut away
$
Allow for general removal of ground water from the excavate
trench
$
Allow for strutting and plucking

88.4

3.00 Foundation blinding (trench blinding )/concreting

L=88.4
0.30 W=3.00m
D=0.30m
Spread 1:2:4 plain concrete in trench for the fdn blinding and

12
 concreting
$
Compact and level

Foundation walling
88.4 L=88.4
T=0.20m
2.05
H=2.05m
0.20 Constructing a 200mm thick wall in 1:3 cement sand motor

Hardcore
L=24.2
24.2 W=17.6m
Spread 50mm thick murram blinding over the h/c to fill the
17.6 voids
$
Compact and level

Formwork/ Antitermit treatment

2/ 88.4 Provide sawn fwk to vertical sides of the fdn
$
Provide antitermite to the blinded surface

2/ 88.4 DPC/BRC
Lay 50 gauge polythene for damp proof membrane
$
Lay BRC mesh reinforcement over the DPM

Slab (over site concreting )

L=24.2m
W=17.6m
T=0.15m
24.2 Lay RC 1:2:4 for the slab
$
17.6 Compact and level
$
0.15
DPC
Construct 200mm thick DPC

Soil adjustment
Backfill the voids as directed by the site engineer

13
B,BILLS OF QUANTITIES
NO DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT
shs cts
EARTHWORKS AND SITE
PREPARATION (ALL PROVISIONAL)

SITE CLEARANCE
1
Clear the site of all the M2 210 15.95 3349 50
bushes ,shrubs ,underground roots ,and
undergrowth and the arising and burn them
on site

VEGETABLE SOIL
2 M3 200 45.95 9190 00
EXCAVATION

Excavate vegetable soil average

150mm dp and spread on site and level
3 EXCAVATION IN REDUCING M3 200 16.95 3390 00
LEVEELS

Excavate vegetable soil average

300mm dp from stripped level and keep in
4 permanent heaps for spoil M3 546 79.00 43134 00

EXCAVATION IN TRENCH

Excavate in trench av.1.5m dp and

ne 3m dp and deposit on site
5 M3 42 15.95 669 00
CONCRETING

Spread 1:2:4 plain concrete in

14
 trench and compact and level
6 M3 48 90.00 4320 00
FOUNDATION WALLING

Construct 200mm thickfdn stone

wall in 1:3 cement sand motor M3 22 40.60 893 20
HARDCORE

7 Supply recommended natural stones

for fdn floor av.250mm thick and compact
and level

BLINDING
8
Spread 50mm thick murram M2 174 17.90 3114 60
blinding on top of the h/c to fill the
voids ,compact and level

DPM
9 Lay 500 gauge polythene for M2 104 200 20800 00
dampness prevention

BRC MESH

Provide A142 BRC fabric mesh for M2 104 240.50 25012 00

10
reinforcements

FORMWORK
M2 104 105.00 1560 00
11 Provide sawn fwk to the vertical
sides of the fdn

ANTITERMITE TREATM
M2 104 15.00 1560 00
Provide antitermite to the blinded
12 surfaces

OVERSITE CONCRETING

RC 1:2:4 for fdn bed and compact

13 M2 104 90.00 9360 00
well and level

DPC
M2 100 86.00 8600 00
Construct 200mm thick DPC
14
15
 SOIL ADJUSTMENTS
M3 42 15.95 669 00
15 Return 9and fill the empty spaces of
the trench av 200mm and compact

ITEM

Allow for general plucking and

strutting

CHAPTER FIVE

ESTIMATION AND COSTING

1,HOARDING SH CTS
DATA
Roofing nails =sh150/kg
Cost of one iron sheet =sh 800
Mild still nails =sh100/kg
Cost of 100x50 timber =sh 90/m
Cost of 75x75 timber =sh 65/m
Skilled labor =sh 65/hr
Unskilled labor =sh 36/hr
Soln
Assume any relevant information not given
a, Consider 10m run
assume the length of one post =4m
11 posts =11x4 =44m
Cost of the 11 posts =44x100=sh4400
b, Runners length =3x10 =30m
costs =30x90=sh .2700
c,Sheets no.=10/0.85 =11.76
=12 sheets
Costs of the sheets =12x800=sh9600
Total costs of materials =4400+2700+9600=sh16700
Allow 8% o wastages =0.08x16700=sh1336
Total costs of materials =16700+1336=sh 18036
Allow for 2 Reuses =18036/2=sh 9018
d, Roofing nails ; assume 3kg @sh 150=sh 450
mild nails ;assume 3kg @ sh100=sh 300
total =sh 450+300=sh 750
e ,Labor ;skilled =sh 65/hr for 8hrs a day =sh 520

16
 unskilled=sh 36/hrfor 8hrs a day =sh 288
total labor =sh 520+288=sh 808
total materials +nails +labor=9018+750+808=sh 10576
allow 30% profits and overheads =30%x10576=sh3172.80
total=10576+3172.80=sh 13748.80
total cost for 10m run hoarding =13748.80
cost/m run=13748.80/10=sh 1374.88
cost of hoarding on site =1374.88x74.32x2=sh 204,362.16 204362 16

2,TRENCH EXCAVATION
Build up a unit rate for trench excavation av 2.05m from stripped
level in m3
Soln
Labor constant =3hrs
Cost of labor =3x36.50=sh 109.50
Allow 30% profits and overheads =0.3x109.50=sh 32.85
Total cost =109.50+32.85=sh 142.35
Excavation on site
Total volume to be excavated =546+42=588m3
Assume 1m3of excavation =sh 142.35 (cost of labor)
Cost of excavation =142.35x588=sh 83701.80 83701 80
Total cost of excavation =sh 83701.80
3,BRC MESH
Build up a unit rate for BRC mesh A142 including labor ,bends
and spacing
Data
Cost of BRC Size 2x45 long (m)=sh 1300
Binding wires =0.1kg /[email protected]/kg
Distance blocks =4no/m2@sh 5
Skilled labor =sh 35
Unskilled lbor =20
Soln
Consider 2x45m roll
Cost per roll=sh 1300
Tying wires =0.1x2x45@50=sh 450
Distance blocks =2x45x4x5=sh 1800
Total =sh 1520
Allow 10% wastages=0.1x15250 +15250=sh 16775
Labour
1 skilled =sh 35
2 unskilled =sh 20
cost of labor for 5hrs =5x(20+35)= sh275
total materials +labor=16775+275=sh 17050
allow 30%profits and overheads =0.3x17050 +17050=sh 22165
246 30

17
cost /m2=22165/90=sh246.30

4,CONCRETING
Build up unit rate for materials using the mix 1:2:4
Data
Cost of cement =sh 750/kg ,,,,density=1440kg/m3
Cost of sand =sh 1300/tone ,,,,,,,density=1600kg/m3
Cost of ballast =sh 1500 /tone,,,,,,,density=1660kg/m3
Costb of 250L mixer =sh 4000000
Resale value after 5 years=1000000
Repair , maintenance,insurance =sh 70000
Interest on investment =10% pa
Running cost =sh 100/hr
Operator=sh 40/hr
Hours worked a year=2000hrs
Assume any relevant information
Soln
MATERIALS
1M3 cement =1x750x1440/50=sh 21600
2M3 sand =2x1300x1600/1000=sh 4160
4M3 ballst=4x1500x1660/1000=sh 9960
Total cost =sh 35720
Cost /ratio=35720/7=sh 5102.90
Allow 45% wastage +shrinkage
=0.45x5102.90+5102.90=sh7399.21
MACHINE
Owning cost
Dep.per year=4000000-1000000/5=sh 60000
Interest =0.1x0.6x4000000=sh 240000
Repair/mantainence /insurance =70000
Total annual owning cost=sh 910000
Hourly owning cost =910000/2000=sh 455/hr
Running cost
Operator =sh 40/hr
3 unskilled =sh4x25=sh 100/hr
fuel=sh 100/hr
sandness=sh 110/hr
total running cost =sh 350/hr
output
cycle time =6min
efficiency =54min
no of buckets =efficiency/cycle time=54/6=9 bkts
assume bucket capacity =1.50m3
volume produced /hr=1.50x9=13.50m3
cost /m3=running cost+ owning cost /volume produced

18
 =455+350/13. 50
=sh 59.62
Transportation
Assume 50m away
One wheelbarrow =5L
Time taken to and fro =5min
No.of wheelbarrow =50x2/5=20 wheelbarrow
Total time taken =20x5=100mins =1.67 hrs
Cost of transport =1.67x20=sh 33.40/hr
Laying
Skilled +unskilled =30+25=sh.55/hr
Allow for vibrating =sh 85/m3
Total material +labor=sh 7399.21+55.40+55+85=sh 7572.61
Allow 30% profits and overheads
=0.3x7572.61+7572.61=9844.40 9844 40
Total cost /m3=of concrete =sh.9844.40

5.BAR REINFORCEMENTS
Build up a unit rate for the following items 20mm mild steel
reinforcement to BS 8110 including tapes , bending and tying
Data
Cost of mild steel =sh 60 /kg
Labor constant for 1000 reinforcement /cutting
Cutting=sh 6/hr
Bending =sh 20/hr
Fixing =sh 40/hr
Tying =sh 60/kg
Tying wires per 1000kg of reinforcement steel =10kg
Distance block and No/kg of steel =sh 6
Skilled labour =sh 30/hr
Unskilled labor =sh 25/hr
Assume ny other relevant information
Soln
Cost of 1000kg steel @60=sh 60000
Tying wires 10kg @sh 60=sh 600
Distance blocks =1000x6/100=sh 600
Total =sh 61200
Allow 5% wastages =0.5x61200+61200= sh 64260
Labor
Cut /bend/fix=65.4hrs
=65.4hrs@sh.(30+25)=sh 35977
Total labor +materials =64260+3597=sh 67897
Allow 30% profits and overheads =0.3x67857+67857
=sh 88214.10
Total cost of 1000kg=sh 88214.10 88 21

19
 Cost/kg=sh 88214.10/1000=sh 88.21

CHAPTER SIX

SITE ORGANIZATION

1 SITE LAYOUT
The site layout of the block was drawn after measuring the perimeter of the site then utilized the
space property. The site layout guides the various places of the construction site, place or
position of the construction materials and plant movement on site.

Details for site lay out plan are on the drawing

a)site plan

PROPOSED
BUILDING

Bungoma
20
Road
SITE LAY OUT

GENERAL STORE SITE HOUSE SITE OFFICES PIT LATRINE

SECURITY OFFICE

FIRST AID ROOM

PROPOSED
WORKSHOP
BUILDING
BRICKS
Bun
gom
STONES HOTEL
a

ROA
WATER POINT COURSE
FINE AGREGGATES D
AGGREGATE

PIT LATRINE URINAL PIT CHANGE ROOM

Eldoret road

21
4METHOD STATEMENT
O O Q MO P OD
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22
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28
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29
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37
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38
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39
 p
c

CONTRACT PROGRAME

OPERATION ACTIVITY DURATION

NO.
1 Hoarding 3 days
2 Striping off 2 days
3 Setting out 1 day
4 Pit excavation 2 days
5 Excavation in trench 7 days
6 Plucking and strutting 2 days
7 Foundation treatment and treatment 2 days
8 Reinforcement in column 5 days
9 Formwork 10 days
10 Column concreting 2 days
11 Foundation concreting 1 day
12 Foundation walling 3 days
13 Hardcore filling 3 days
14 Backfilling 3 days
15 Murram blinding 1 day
16 DPM 2 days

40
17 Formwork to concrete bed 2 days
18 Floor sab 2 days
19 DPC 1 day

A 52.7

43.35A
A2.95

25.352

41
2.5
EVENT DESCRIPTION DURATION START FINISH START FINISH
0-1 Hoarding 3 0 3 0 3
1-2 Striping of 2
1-3 Setting out 1
2-4 Dummy -
3-4 Pit excavation 2
4-5 Trench excavation 7
4-6 Plucking and strutting 2
5-7 Dummy -
6-7 Foundation treatment 2
and compaction
7-8 Reinforcement in 5
column
8-9 Formwork 10
9-10 Column concreting 2
10-11 Foundation concreting 1
11-12 Foundation walling 3
12-13 h/c filling 3
12-14 Backfilling 3
13-15 Murram blinding 1
14-15 Fwk to concrete bed 2

42
 CHAPTER SEVEN
SERVICES
INTRODUCTION
The building site can be considered a temporary factory, where the building is produced

this activity to take place the builder requires men, materials and plants. All these have to be

carefully controlled so that the men have the right machine in the most adequate position, the

materials stored so that they are readily available and not interfering with the general site

circulation a building and the total size of the site on which the building is to be erected.

Therefore is no standard size ratio between the free site spaces required considered as a

separation problem in terms of allocating space for men, materials and plant. To obtain

maximum efficiency there is an optimum way of laying out the site and also a correct amount of

expenditure to support the proposed site layout.

1. DETERMINE THE WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT

The consumption of water will be 3L per head

Hence 30x50

=1500 Litres

Storm water

Surface run-off water will flow through open channels up the sewer/ disposal

43
2. RETICULATION SYSTEM

Waste water will flow throw combined system of sewer while clean water will flow through

pipes from the main tank

3.DETAILS FOR DRAINAGE

The drainage system will be self cleaning, easy to repair and maintain.

44