22EE035 ENERGY AUDITING AND

MANAGEMENT

UNIT 1 & LP1 - Role of energy in economic

development and social transformation-
Indian energy scenario

I. Introduction:

 Energy as the lifeline:

 India is implementing the world's largest Renewable Energy (RE) expansion
program, envisaging a 5-fold increase in the overall RE production capacity.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has set a target to install 500 GW renewable
energy capacity by 2030. Abundant solar energy and local technology are aiding
in achieving this target while reducing carbon emissions. All this is towards PM
Modi's mission of an Atmanirbhar Bharat or a self-reliant India that does not have
to depend on imports to meet its energy needs.


 Generating electricity from solar and wind energy is helping move away from coal-
based generation while using electricity-charged batteries is cutting dependence
on liquid fuels like petrol and diesel. Zero-carbon hydrogen has the potential to
decarbonize the Indian industry, cutting emissions and lowering dependence on
imported fuel.Define energy and its crucial role in economic development, social
well-being, and overall human progress.

II. Role of Energy in Economic Development:

 Fueling industries and businesses: Explain how reliable and affordable energy is essential
for industrial growth, job creation, and overall economic activity.
 Powering agriculture and irrigation: Show how energy supports agricultural productivity, food
security, and rural livelihoods.
 Unlocking infrastructure and services: Discuss the importance of energy for transportation,
communication, healthcare, and education.

III. Role of Energy in Social Transformation:

oday, nearly 9% of the share of electricity is likely to be contributed from India's nuclear
sources by 2047. The Department of Atomic Energy aims to achieve 20 GW nuclear
power generation capacity by 2030, a major milestone placing India as the world's third
largest producer of atomic energy after the USA and France. Credit for this rapid stride
goes to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who approved ten reactors in fleet mode in a
single order for the first time after Independence and allowed nuclear installations to be
developed under joint ventures with PSUs. As a result, today, India is the sixth largest in
the world in the number of functional reactors and the second largest in the total number
of reactors, including those under construction.

The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (NRF) Bill, 2023, passed by the
Parliament, will promote the culture of research and innovation throughout India's
universities, colleges, research institutions, and R&D laboratories at a total estimated
cost of Rs. 50,000 crores during five years and this will give further impetus to Clean
energy research in India and Mission Innovation. As much as 70% of its funding will
come from non-governmental source

With a population of 1.4 billion, India has a massive demand for energy to fuel its rapidly
growing economy. From a power deficit nation a decade ago, the efforts to make India
energy-independent have continued since 2014. Keeping in mind the sustainable
development goals, India's power generation mix is rapidly shifting towards a more
significant share of renewable energy. Today, India is the world's third-largest producer
of renewable energy, with 40% (157.32 GW ) of its installed electricity capacity coming
from non-fossil fuel sources.

The world's fifth-largest economy, India can achieve energy independence through clean
technology by 2047. Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Atmanirbhar Bharat push spans
 from a massive renewable capacity addition to electric mobility, saving billions of dollars
in imports. Clean energy will reduce and inflation-proof India's energy expenditure as
renewables, EV batteries, and hydrogen infrastructure are capital assets with rapidly
falling costs.

 Improving living standards: Emphasize how access to clean energy can enhance quality of
life through better lighting, cooking, and communication.
 Empowering women and marginalized communities: Explain how decentralized energy
solutions can provide autonomy and economic opportunities for vulnerable groups.
 Promoting health and education: Link access to clean energy with improved health outcomes
and educational opportunities.

IV. Indian Energy Scenario:

 Current energy mix: Analyze the dominance of fossil fuels (coal, oil, gas) and the limited share
of renewable energy sources.
 Energy security concerns: Discuss India's dependence on energy imports and its vulnerability
to price fluctuations.
 Environmental challenges: Highlight the impact of energy consumption on air pollution, climate
change, and natural resource depletion.

V. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future:

 Renewable energy potential: Explore the vast potential of solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and
other renewable sources in India.
 Energy efficiency and conservation: Emphasize the importance of reducing energy waste
through efficient appliances, buildings, and industrial processes.
 Policy and regulatory framework: Discuss government initiatives promoting renewable
energy, energy efficiency, and grid modernization.

VI. Case Studies and Success Stories:

 Showcase examples of successful renewable energy projects, energy-efficient technologies,

and community-driven initiatives in India.
 Analyze the impact of these projects on economic development, social welfare, and
environmental sustainability.

VII. Challenges and Opportunities:

 Discuss the challenges of financing, infrastructure development, grid integration, and policy
stability for renewable energy transition.
 Highlight the opportunities for job creation, technological innovation, and improved energy
security.

1. The Urgency:

 India faces a growing energy demand due to its large and developing population.
 Reliance on fossil fuels poses environmental and economic challenges like air
pollution, climate change, and energy security concerns.
 Transitioning to a sustainable energy future is crucial for India's development and well-
being.

2. Renewable Energy Potential:

 India boasts immense potential for solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and other renewable
sources.
 Solar power enjoys particularly favorable conditions with abundant sunshine and
declining costs.
 Government initiatives like the National Solar Mission have driven rapid growth in
renewable capacity.

3. Energy Efficiency:

 Reducing energy waste through efficient appliances, buildings, and industrial processes
is vital.
 Government schemes like PATRON promote energy-efficient technologies and
practices.
 Energy efficiency can bring significant cost savings and environmental benefits.

4. Policy and Regulatory Framework:

 Supportive policies are essential for accelerating the transition to renewables.

 The government has introduced initiatives like feed-in tariffs, renewable purchase
obligations, and grid modernization plans.
 Streamlining approvals, ensuring financial viability, and fostering innovation are crucial
aspects.

5. Challenges and Opportunities:

 Financing, infrastructure development, grid integration, and policy stability remain

challenges.
 However, the opportunities are immense: job creation, technological
advancement, energy security, and environmental protection.
 6. Case Studies and Success Stories:

 Showcase impactful projects and initiatives demonstrating the viability and benefits of a
sustainable energy future.
 Examples include rooftop solar installations, community microgrids, and energy-efficient
industrial practices.
 Highlight their economic, social, and environmental achievements.

7. The Way Forward:

 A multi-pronged approach involving government, private sector, and civil society is

necessary.
 Continued policy support, technological advancements, financial innovations, and public
awareness campaigns are key.
 Collective action and commitment are crucial for achieving India's sustainable energy
goals.

Additional Notes:

 Emphasize the urgency of climate action and India's international commitments.

 Discuss the role of local communities and their participation in the energy transition.
 Highlight the economic benefits of renewables, including job creation and reduced
energy costs.
 Conclude with a message of hope and optimism about India's potential to achieve a
sustainable energy future.

VIII. Conclusion:

 Summarize the key takeaways about the critical role of energy in economic development and
social transformation.
 Reiterate the importance of a sustainable energy future for India and emphasize the need for
collective action and innovation.

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