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Tutorial 2

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Linear Algebra, Numerical and Complex Analysis (MA11004)

Department of Mathematics
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Tutorial sheet 2, Spring 2023

Topics: Basis and dimension of vector spaces; Gauss elimination method to solve system of
linear equations; Rank of a matrix; Solution of system of equations using rank concept; Gauss
Jordan’s method to compute inverse of a matrix.

1. Determine which of the following sets form a basis of the respective vector spaces and
justify your answer:
(a) {4t2 − 2t + 3, 6t2 − t + 4, 8t2 − 8t + 7} of P2 (R), the vector space of polynomials in t
over R of degree at most 2.
(b) Let V be a real vector space with {u, v, w} as a basis. Check whether {u + v + w, v +
w, w} is also a basis of V .
       
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) , , , for M2×2 (R), the vector space of all
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
2 × 2 matrices over R.
2. Determine a basis and the dimension of the following subspaces:
(a) The subspace V of all 2 × 2 real symmetric matrices of M2×2 (R).
(b) The subspace U = {(x, y, z, w) ∈ R4 : x + 2y − z = 0, 2x + y + w = 0} of R4 .
 Z 1 
(c) The subspace U = p(t) ∈ P4 (R) : p(t)dt = 0 of P4 (R).
−1

3. If U = span({(1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 3)}), W = span({(1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1)}), show that U and W are
subspaces of R3 . Find the dimensions of the subspaces U , W , U + W and U ∩ W of R3 .
4. Let Pm (R) be the vector space of all polynomials in t over R of degree at most m. Let
S = {p0 (t), p1 (t), . . . , pm (t)} ⊂ Pm (R) such that pj (2) = 0 for j = 0, 1, . . . , m. Prove that
S is not linearly independent in Pm (R).
5. Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-elimination method:

(a) 9x + 3y + 4z = 7 (b) x + 2y + 3z + 2w = −1
4x + 3y + 4z = 8 −x − 2y − 2z + w = 2
x+y+z =3 2x + 4y + 8z + 12w = 4

6. Find therank of the matrix A using


 definition 
where
1 0 3 2 3 −1 1
(i) A = 4 −1 5 . (ii) 3 0 4 2
2 0 6 6 9 −3 3
7. Determine the rank of the following matrices by reducing to row echelon form.
 
  0 0 2 2 0
1 2 1 0 1 3 2 4 1
(a) 2 4 8
 6 (b) 2 6

2 6 2
3 6 6 3
3 9 1 10 6

1
 
1 x x
8. Find all x such that the rank of the matrix x 1 x is less than 3.
x x 1
9. Find the value of k for which the system of equations has a non-trivial solution.

x + 2y + z = 0
2x + y + 3z = 0
x + ky + 3z = 0

10. Solve the system of equations in integers

x + 2y + z = 1
3x + y + 2z = 3
x + 7y + 2z = 1

11. Determine whether the following non-homogenous system of equation has a solution or
not.

x + 2y + z − 3w = 1
2x + 4y + 3z + w = 3
3x + 6y + 4z − 2w = 5

12. Determine the condition for which the system

x+y+z =b
2x + y + 3z = b + 1
5x + 2y + az = b2

admits (i) only one solution, (ii) no solution, (iii) infinitely many solutions.
 
1 0 3
13. Using Gauss Jordan’s method, compute the inverse of the matrix A = 4 −1 5.
2 1 6

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