MG – 6851 – PoM Q & A

1. What is tows metrics?

a. The tows metrics is a conceptual frame work for a systematic
analysis, which facilitates matching the external threats and
opportunities with the internal weakness & strength of the
organization. In the tows metrics ‘T’ stands for threat’s’ stands for
opportunities ‘W’ for weakness and ‘S’ for strength.

2. Define planning premises?

Planning premises are defined as the anticipated environment in which
plans are expected to operate. They include assumptions or forecasts
of the future & known conditions that will effects the operation of
plans.

Important observations subjected about planning?

Planning is obtaining a future course of action in order to achieve an

objective.

Planning is looking ahead.

Planning is getting ready to do something tomorrow.

Plan is a trap laid down to capture the future.

3. Define mission?
Mission may be defined as a statement which defines the role that an
organization plays in the society.

4. Define policies?
Policies are general statement or understanding which provides
guidance in decisions making to various managers.
5. Explain in brief about the two approaches in which the hierarchy of
objectives can be explained?
There are two approaches in which the hierarchy can be explained.
Top-down approach
Bottom-up approach
In the top-down approach, the total organization is directed through
corporate objective provided by the top-level management.
In the bottom up approach, the top level management needs to have
information from lower level in the form of objectives.
6. Advantages of objectives:
Unified planning
Defining an organization
Direction
Individual motivation
Basis for decentralization
Basis for control
Co-ordination
7. Steps involved in MBO process:
setting preliminary objectives
fixing key result areas
setting subordinates objectives
matching resources with objectives
recycling objectives
Periodic resources with objectives.
Appraisal

8. Features of MBO:
MBO tries to combine the long range goals of organization with short
range of organization.
MBO involves participation of subordinate managers in the goal setting
process.
MBO increase the organization capability of achieving goals.
MBO’S emphasis is not only on goals but also on effective performance.

9. Definitions of MBO:
According to GEORGE ODIORNE,”MBO is a process where by the
superior and the subordinates managers of an enterprise jointly identify
its common goals, define each individuals major areas of responsibility
in terms of results expected of him, and use these measures as guides
for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its
members”.
KOONTZ &WEIHRICH have defines MBO as follows:
“MBO is comprehensive managerial system that integrates many key
managerial activities in a systematic manner & that is consciously
directed towards the effective and efficient achievement of
organizational and individual objectives.

10. Define strategy?

A strategy may be defined as special type of plan prepared for meeting
the challenges posted by the activities of competitors and other
environment forces.

11. Steps involved in strategic planning:

Mission and objectives.
SWOT Analysis
Environmental analysis
corporate analysis
Identification of alternatives.
Strategic decision making
Implementations review & control.
 12. State the characteristics of a sound policy?
Relationship to organizational objectives.
Clarity of policy
A policy is a guide to thinking in decision making
Policies should be written
Communication of policies
Balance of policies.
Planned formulation.

13. List out the steps involved in formulation of policies:

Defining the policy area
Defining of policy alternatives.
Evaluation of policy alternatives.
Choice of policy
Communication of policy
Implementation of policy
Review of policy
14. Name the classification of planning premises?
Internal and external
Tangible and intangible premises.
Controllable and uncontrollable premises

Unit 3 – Organizing and Staffing

1. State the importance of HRM?

To achieve competitive advantage over other organization.

To improve the efficiency of the organization.
For the fuller utilization of available resources.
Cost effective administration.
2. State the importance of staffing:-
It helps to make use of the Organizational resources.
It provides effective and efficient personals to the organization.
Helps to discover talented and competent persons.
Helps to ensure uninterrupted flow of business.

3. Advantages of Organisational Chart:-

It shows the overview of staffing in organisation.
The manager ready for promotion can be identified.
Helps to predict future internal supply of managers.
Helps in transfer of manager internally to strengthen weak areas.

4. List some factors affecting span of control

Subordinates training requirement.
Clarity of delegation of authority.
Clarity of plans.
Use of objectives and standards.
5. Classification of power
The legitimate power
Expert power
Reference power
Reward power
6. Need of Departmentisation:-
Specialisation of works and the limitation of number of subordinates that can
be directly controlled by superior. If there is no departmentisation there is a
serious limitation of size of the organisation.
7. What is Departmentisation?
Departmentisation is a process of grouping the activity based on its
similarities.
8. What are the types of Departmentisation?
By simple numbers.
Departmentisation by time.
Departmentisation based on enterprise.
Classification based on territory or geographical area.
Departmentisation by products.
Customer Departmentisation.
Market oriented Departmentisation.
Process or Equipment.
9. What are the three basic approaches to select among alternatives?
Experience
Experimentation
Research and Analysis
10.Experience:
Relying on post experience, the choice among alternatives is selected to
avoid mistakes.
Experimentation:
A firm may test a new product in a certain market before expanding its sale
nationwide.
Research and Analysis:
The trend in research and analysis is simulation i.e. to develop mathematical
tools.
11.What is cost Effectiveness Analysis?
Cost effectiveness Analysis is a technique for choosing the best plan when
the objectives are less specific than sales costs or profits. It means finding
the least costly way of reaching an objective or getting the greatest value for
giving experiences. It is also called as Cost Benefit Analysis.
12.What is the principle of limiting factor?
Principle of limiting factor is given as “By recognizing and overcoming those
factors that stand critically in the way of a goal, the best alternative course of
action can be selected”.
13.Define Organising
Organising is an activity involves in analyzing the nature of job to be
performed grouping them, dividing into departments, divisions selections and
that can be assigned to various individuals and delicate authority to carry out
the task.
14.Define Decentralisation
The tendency to discuss the decision making in an organisation structure.
The fundamental aspect of Decentralisation is delectation of authority.
15.Advantages of Decentralisation
It is a big relief to top managers.
It encourages the decision making.
It promotes the development of general manager.
Facilitates product diversification.
16.Define Scalar Principle:-
The clear the line of authority from the ultimate management position in an
enterprise to every subordinate position the clear will be the responsibility for
decision making and the more will be effective will be the organisation
communication.
17.What is Organisation Structure?
Organisation structure simply by means the systematic arrangement of
people working for the organisation. The organisation is concerned with
establishment of positions and relationship between positions. The
organisation structure has two dimensions.
Horizontal
Vertical
18.What do you mean by Organisation Culture?
It is the general pattern of behavior norms shared beliefs and values there are
unique for organisation. It is fairly stable and does not change fast. It often
sets the tone for the company and establishes implied rules for the way
people should behave. Organisation culture even influences how individuals
behave at work and hence will affect both individual and Organisational
performances.

19.Benefits of Decentralization:-
Gives managers more freedom and independence in decision making.
It encourages decision making and assumption of authority and responsibility.
Aids in adoption to fast changing environment.
Promotes development of general managers.
Facilitates product Diversification.
Promotes establishment and use of broad controls which may increase
motivation.

20.Uses of Organisation Chart

The organisation chart pinpoints the weakness of an organisation. This will
helps to overcome the short coming of organisation.
It tells quickly who is responsible for particular function.
It is useful in showing nature of an organisation and changes if any in the
existing staff and new comers.
21.What are the types of Departmentation?
Departmentation by simple numbers.
Departmentation by Time.
Departmentation by Enterprise function.
Departmentation by Territory or Geography.
Customer Departmentation.
 Process or Equipment Departmentation.
Departmentation by product.
22.Distinguish between authority and power
Power is the ability of individuals or groups to induce r influence the beliefs or
actions of other persons or groups.
Authority in organisation is the right in a position to exercise discretion in
making decisions and affecting others.
23.What are the different bases of power?
Legitimate Power
Referent Power
Reward Power
Coercive Power
24.Scalar Principle
The clear the line of authority from the ultimate management position in an
enterprise to every subordinate position, the clearer will be responsibility for
decision making and the more effective will be the organisation
communication.
25.Functional Authority
It is the right which is delegated to an individual or a department to control
specified processes practices, policies or other matters relating to activities,
undertaken by persons in other departments.
26.Limitations of staff:-
Danger of undertaking line authority
Lack of staff responsibility
Thinking in a vacuum
Managerial problems
27.What is job enrichment?
Job enrichment is therefore based on the assumption that in order to
motivate personnel, the job itself must provide opportunities for the
achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth.
28.What are the limitations of job enrichment?
Job enrichment is based on the assumption that workers want more
responsibility. But, in practice, most of the workers may prefer less
responsible jobs with good social interaction. Such workers may show
feelings of inadequacy and fear of failure to job enrichment.
Some jobs cannot be enriched beyond a certain point.
29.Give the required guidelines to make effective job enrichment.
Use job enrichment selectively after taking into account situational variables
such as job characteristics, personal characteristics of employees,
Organizational level etc.
Provide a supportive climate for innovation and change.