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Science General
Knowledge
Scientific Instrument, Important Vaccines, Important information About the
human body

Bankers herald team

2015

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Scientific Instrument:
Name of Instrument Function

Ammeter Used for measuring strength of electric current

Barometer Used for measuring atmospheric pressure

Calorimeter Used for measuring quantities of heat

Cardiograph Used for measuring movements of heart; recorded on a cardiograph

Dynamo Converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

Electroencephalograph Records and interprets the electrical waves of the brain

(EEG)
Electrometer Used for measuring very small, potential difference in electric current

Endoscope Examines internal organs of the body and can be used for minor
surgical procedure
Fathometer Used for measuring depth of ocean

Galvanometer Used for measuring the electric current

Hydrometer Used for measuring the relative density of liquids

Hygrometer Used for measuring the Level of humidity in the atmosphere

Kymograph Graphically records physiological movements (like Blood,

pressure/heartbeat)
Lactometer Used for measuring the relative density of milk to determine the
purity (Fat content)
Manometer Used for measuring the pressure of gases

Micrometer Measures distance/angles

Microscope Used for obtaining a magnified of small objects

Periscope Used for viewing objects above sea level (Used in submarines)

Polygraph Used for recording changes simultaneously in physiological process

such as heart beat, blood pressure and respiration; also used as a
lie detector
Pyrometer Used for measuring very high temperature

Salinometer Used for determining the salinity of solutions

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Sextant Used by navigators to find the latitude of a place by measuring the
elevation above the horizon of the sun or another star; also measure
the height of distance objects
Sphygmomanometer Used for measuring blood pressure

Stethoscope Used by doctors to hear and analyze heart and lung sounds

Tachometer Used for measuring distance and elevations and bearings during
survey
Telescope Used for viewing distant objects in space

Transponder Used to receive a signal and transmit a reply immediately

Viscometer Used for measuring the viscosity of liquid

Voltmeter Used to measure electrical potential difference between two points

Wattmeter Used for measuring the power of an electrical circuit

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Important Vaccines:
Vaccine Discovered by

Smallpox Edward Janner

Cholera, Rabies Vaccine Louis Pasteur

TB Vaccine Leon Calmette and

Camille Guerin
Polio vaccine Jonas E. Salk

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Important information About the Human Body:
Blood: It is red, viscous fluid which circulates in the human body. It is basically connective
tissues which are contained in the blood vessels. A healthy man possesses on an average, 5
liters of blood in the body.

Composition: it is made up two chief constituents:

(a).Plasma (Fluid), constitutes the major part while

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(b). Blood cells (Solid), which constitutes the minor part

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The Blood cell corpuscles are of two types:

(1) RBC
(2) WBC

The RBC is red blood corpuscles which contains a pigment called hemoglobin which
responsible for the red colour of the blood. Iron is the element which is present in the
hemoglobin.

The WBC is white blood corpuscles which blood corpuscles which are primarily responsible for
combating with the infection of the body or they fight with the foreign harmful organisms of the
body.

Blood groups: They are of four types, Viz:

a) A-type
b) B-type
c) AB-type
d) O-type

AB-Type is called universal recipient as it can receive all the four types of blood and O-type is
called universal donor as it can be given to any of the four types of blood groups

Bones:

 These are 206 bones in the skeletal system of an adult

 The largest bone is femur present in the thigh
 The shortest bone is the stirrup which is present in the middle ear.

Other important fact about the various organs of the human body:

 The largest organ of the human body is skin

 Heart is responsible for regulating the circulation of blood in the body. The heartbeat of
adult males is 72 beats per minute.
 Liver is the largest gland of the human body. It is concerned with the digestion of the
food intake.
 Two kidneys are responsible for the filtering of nitrogenous waste of the body and throw
it all in the form of urine
 Pituitary gland is called the master gland as it influences the growth and metabolism by
controlling the other ductless glands, viz thymus, thyroid, adrenal, prostrate and gonads.

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Vitamins, their Sources and diseases caused due to their

Deficiencies:
Name of the vitamin Main Source Disease Caused due to their
deficiencies

Vitamin A Milk, Carrot, egg, animal fat, Night blindness

etc.

Vitamin B1(Thiamine) Cereals, pulses, carrots Beriberi

Vitamin B2(Riboflavin) Liver, Kidney, milk Chilosis, dermatitis

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Yeast, careals , liver

Niacin (Nicotinic acid) Peas, tomato, eggs Polyneuritis

Folic Acid Green leafy vegetables, meat, Anemia

egg

Pantothenic Acid Kidney, meat, yeast Dermatitis

Vit. B12 (Cyanocobalamin) Milk, Liver, meat Pernicious anemia

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Lemons, milk, oranges, fresh, Scurvy, sore mouth and gums
fruits and vegetables bleeding

Vitamin D (Calciferol) Dairy products, sun rays, eggs, Many diseases of the bones
oily fish, milk rickets in children, osteomalacia

Vitamin E (Trcopherol) Milk, soyabeens, egg yolk Interferes with reproduction and
causes abortion and menstrual
irregularities

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Vitamin K (Menadione) Fish, Peas and green Causes the delayed clotting of
vegetables blood

Other Diseases of the human body:

Name of the Disease Caused By Affected part of the
human body
Anaemia Deficiency

AIDS ( Acquired immune Virus Weakness in the immune

deficiency syndrome) system of the body
Asthma Allergens Lungs

Diabetes Less production of insulin Pancreas and blood

hormone which causes an
increase in the sugar level of the
blood
Diptheria Bacteria Throat

Glaucoma High pressure in the eyes Eyes

Gotire Deficiency of iodine Throat

Hepatitis Virus Jaundice

Malaria Plasmodium

Polio Virus Legs

Rheumatism Streptococcus bacteria in children Joints

Tonsillitis Bacterial and viral Glands in throat

Tuberculosis Bacteria Lungs

Major enzymes in the human body digestive system:

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Body part Enzyme Action

 Mouth Salivary amylase (Ptyalin, acidic, Converts starch into

medium) disaccharides
 Stomach Pepsin and Renin (Acidic medium) They act on proteins

 Intestine Lipase, Trypsin, Carbohydrases ( Lipase converts fats into fatty

Medium is now basic) acid and glycerol. Trypsin
converts proteins into
cabohydrases converts
monosaccharaides into
gluscose

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