ANAT 104 – Trunk
Thorax Worksheet 2
Important points to remember!!
• 2 layers of pleura that are separated by a space called pleural cavity
§ “Parietal” relates to wall of a body cavity à lines thoracic wall
§ “Visceral” relates to viscera (organs) à lines surface of lungs
• Parietal pleura
§ IS pain sensitive
§ Different innervation for 4 different parts:
o Cervical pleura – phrenic nerve
o Costal pleura – intercostal nerves
o Mediastinal pleura – phrenic nerve
o Diaphragmatic pleura – domes à phrenic nerve; peripheral
parts à lower 6 intercostal nerves
• Visceral/pulmonary pleura
§ IS NOT pain sensitive
§ One innervation: sympathetic nerves derived from spinal segments T4
& T5
• Fibrous pericardium – outer layer of connection tissue that surrounds the
heart
• Transverse pericardial sinus
separates heart’s arterial outflow from its venous inflow
• Oblique pericardial sinus
reflection of vena cavae & pulmonary veins
(lies behind left atrium)
Transverse sinus Oblique sinus
©Created by Courtney Barnes 2024 1
Important points to remember!!
• Apex beat of heart – L 5th intercostal space
• Base of heart – opposite T5-T8 vertebral bodies
Right Atrium Left Atrium
• Deoxygenated blood returns to RA via: • ONLY L auricle contains pectinate
§ SVC (R 3rd cc level) muscle
§ IVC (R 5th cc level) • 4 pulmonary veins open into LA
§ Coronary sinus • L AV orifice is closed & opened by
• Ant. wall contains pectinate muscles bicuspid/mitral valve
• Walls separated by shallow groove that
ends in a smooth muscular ridge à
crista terminalis
• Interatrial septum à oval thumbprint
impression (fossa ovalis)
• SA node located where SVC enters RA
Right Ventricle Left Ventricle
• Outflow tract that leads to pulmonary • Trabeculae carneae are very delicate
trunk à infundibulum (transition compared to RV
betw. smooth & rough muscle) • 2 papillary muscles: ant. & post.
• 3 papillary muscles: ant., post. & § Longer than those of RV
septal • Chordae tendineae are present
§ Attached to ventricular surface & • Bicuspid valve – 4th cc level
other end attached to chordae • Aortic valve – 3rd cc level
tendineae (tendon like chords
that connect to free edges of
cusps on tricuspid valve)
• Septomarginal trabecula/moderator
band
§ Bridge betw. lower part of IV
septum & base of ant. papillary
muscle
• Pulmonary valve – 3rd cc level
• Venous drainage – heart drained by veins that empty into coronary sinus;
however, some veins DO NOT drain into coronary sinus (i.e. anterior cardiac
veins à drains directly into RA/SCV)
Coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein
AG PM RS
©Created by Courtney Barnes 2024 2
Section A: MCQ Questions – Choose the most correct option from the
following statements below.
1. The parietal and visceral pleura are continuous at the:
A. Cupola
B. Costodiaphragmatic recess
C. Hilum of the lung
D. Lingula
2. Which type of parietal pleura extends above the medial one third of the
clavicle?
A. Costal pleura
B. Cervical pleura
C. Diaphragmatic pleura
D. Mediastinal pleura
3. All of the following structures are branches of the aorta, EXCEPT?
A. Right subclavian artery
B. Brachiocephalic trunk
C. Left subclavian artery
D. Left common carotid artery
4. The sternocostal surface of the heart is formed primarily by the anterior wall of
which heart chamber?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle
5. Which of the following arteries supplies the right border of the heart?
A. Circumflex artery
B. Sinoatrial nodal artery
C. Right marginal artery
D. Anterior interventricular artery
6. The superior border of the left lung has a tongue like projection that is called
the:
A. Cardiac notch
B. Lingula
C. Hilum
D. Pulmonary ligament
7. The _______ is the area in which structures enter and exit the lung on the
mediastinal surface.
A. Apex
B. Lingula
C. Hilum
D. Cardiac notch
©Created by Courtney Barnes 2024 3
8. Which of the following nerves innervates the cervical pleura?
A. Phrenic nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Intercostal nerve
D. Long thoracic nerve
9. Which of the following structures connects the fibrous pericardium anteriorly
to the body of the sternum?
A. Sternoclavicular ligaments
B. Diaphragm
C. Sternopericardial ligaments
D. Hilum
10. Which of the following recesses is located between the costal and mediastinal
pleurae?
A. Costodiaphragmatic recess
B. Cervicodiaphragmatic recess
C. Costomediastinal recess
D. Cervicomediastinal recess
11. Which valves of the heart are also known as semilunar valves?
A. Aortic and tricuspid
B. Aortic and pulmonary
C. Pulmonary and tricuspid
D. Tricuspid and mitral
12. Which of the following options below gives the two atrioventricular valves?
A. Tricuspid and aortic
B. Aortic and pulmonary
C. Pulmonary and mitral
D. Mitral and tricuspid
©Created by Courtney Barnes 2024 4
Section B: Complete the information regarding the left and right lungs in the
table below.
Left lung Right lung
State the number of lobes 1. 2.
Name the fissures of each 3. 4.
lung 5.
Describe the anterior border 6. 7.
of each lung
Give three words to describe 8. 11.
the principal/main bronchi of 9. 12.
each lung 10. 13.
©Created by Courtney Barnes 2024 5
Section C: Label the schematic diagram of the mediastinum below.
G
A
SUP
F H
E ANT POST
MIDDLE
D J B
I L
©Created by Courtney Barnes 2024 6
