INTRODUCTION

Gas leakage detection system are vital for ensuring safety in

environment where gas usage is prevalent , such as homes ,
industries , and laboratories . These systems employs various
sensors to detected the presence of gas leaks, triggering alarms
or automatic shutdown to prevent potential hazards like fires ,
explosion or health risks due to exposure to toxic gases ,
effective gas leakage detection plays a crucial role in safety lives
and properties , making it an indispensable components of
modern safety measures

Gas leakage detection system utilize advanced sensors

techniques to detect the presence of gases such as methane ,
propane , carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide , These sensors
can be used on various principle , including electrochemical ,
infrared , semiconductor and catalytic combustion . When gas
leakage detection , these sensors trigger alarm through audible
alert , visual indicates or even remote notification viva mobile
app or centralization monitoring system

In additional to warning users about potential dangers , some

gas detection system also integrate automatic shutoff values or
ventilation system to mitigate the risks of ignition . These
system crucial not only for residential setting but also for
industrial facilities , Where the release of hazardous gases can
have catastrophic consequence for both workers and the
surrounding environment
 ABSTRACT
Gas leakage detection significant risks to human health ,
property and the environment . To mitigate these risks , gas
leakage detection system have become indispensable in
residential , commercial and industrial safety . This abstract
provides an overview of gas leakage detection system ,
focusing on their importance , working principles and
applications . Gas leakage detection system employ a variety of
sensors, including electrochemical, infrared, semiconductor and
catalytic combustion sensors , to detect the presence of
hazardous gases such as methane , propane , carbon monoxide
and hydrogen sulfide . Upon detecting a gas leak , these sensors
triggers alarms , alerting occupants to the potential dangers .
Some advanced system also features automatic shutoff values
or ventilation system to prevent further escalation of the
situation . In residential settings, gas leakage detection system
are commonly installed in kitchens, where natural gas or
propane is used for cooking, heating, or water heating. In
industrial environment, these system are deployed in facilities
handling combustion or toxic gases, such as chemical plants,
refineries and manufacturing plants. The continuous
advancement of sensing technology, coupled with
improvement in data processing and connectivity, has to be
development of more sophisticated gas leakage detection
system. These system offer higher sensitivity, faster response
time and enhanced connectivity for remote monitoring and
control.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
PIN DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

ARDUINO NAN0
ARDUINO NANO PIN DIAGRAM
AND SPECIFICATION
Pin no 1- RS 232:TX, digital 01

Pin no 2- RS 232 :RX, digital 00

Pin no 3- RESET

Pin no 4- GROUND

Pin no 5- INTERRUPT,DIGITAL 02

Pin no 6- PWM, interrupt, digital 03

Pin no 7- I2C: SCA, digital 04

Pin no 8- PWM, I2C: SCL, digital 05

Pin no 9- PWM, digital 06

Pin no 10- digital 07

Pin no 11- digital 08

Pin no 12- PWM, digital 09

Pin no 13- PWM,SPI: SS,PWM digital 10

Pin no 14- PWM, SPI: MOSI, PWM, digital 11

Pin no 15- SPI: MISO, digital 12

Pin no 16- digital 13 LED, SPI: SCK

Pin no 17 - +3.3v

Pin no 18- Analog Reference Voltage

Pin no 19- Analog Input Channel 00

Pin no 20- Analog Input Channel 01

Pin no 21- Analog Input Channel 02

Pin no 22- Analog Input Channel 03

Pin no 23- Analog Input Channel 04

Pin no 24- Analog Input Channel 05

Pin no 25- Analog Input Channel 06

Pin no 26- Analog Input Channel 07

Pin no 27- +5v input/output

Pin no 28- RESET input Active Low

Pin no 29- GROUND

Pin no 30- Supply Voltage Input (7v to 10v)

In-circuit serial programing or ICSP pins

MISO- Master In Slave Out

CSK - Output clock from master to slave

MOSI- Master Out Slave In

RST - Input REST ,Active Low

GND- Power Supply Ground

ARDUINO NANO SPECIFICATION

Microcontroller: ATmega328p

Operating voltage: 5v

Input voltage (recommended)-(7-12)volts

Input voltage(limits)- (6-20)volts

Digital i/o pins: 14(of which 6 provides PWM output)

PWM output: 6

Analog input: 8

DC current per i/o pin: 40 mA

DC current for 3.3v pin: 50Ma

Flash memory: 32 KB

SRAM: 2KB(ATmega328p)

Eeprom: 1KB(ATmega328p)

Clock speed: 16 MHz

LED_BUILTIN: 13

Length : 45mm

Width: 18mm

Weight : 7g

The working principle of gas leakage detection event involves several key
components working together

Gas sensors

Gas sensors are the primary components responsible for

detection the presence of gases in the surrounding
environment. These sensors can be different types on the
specification gases they are designed to detect( e.g. methane,
propane, and carbon monoxide)
Microcontroller

A microcontroller , such as Arduino Nano or raspberry pi, acts

as the brain of the system. It receives input from the gas sensors
and processes this data to determine if a gas leakage event has
occurred
Alarm system

When the controller detects a significant level of gas beyond a

predetermined threshold , it trigger an alarm system. This
alarm can be in the form of audible alerts and visual indicates
( LEDs, display screen)
Power supply

The entire system requires a power supply to operates. This can

be a battery or a direct power supply , depending on the
application requirement
Communication process

In some cases, the gas leakage detection system may include a

communication interface to alert users remotely , such as
through WI-FI or GSM modules. This allows for real-time
monitoring and notification on smart phone

Working process:
1. Gas sensors continuously monitoring the surrounding
environment for the presence of gases
2. Sensor data is transmitted to the microcontroller
3. The microcontroller analyzes the sensors data to determine if
gas levels have exceeded a predefined threshold
4. If a gas leakage event is detected, the microcontroller
activates the alarm system to alert individual in the vicinity
5. Optionally, the system may communicates the gas leakage
event to users remotely through a communication interface
6. Upon detection a gas leakage event, the microcontroller can
send notification to authorized users via email ,SMS or
mobile application
7. Remotely notification enables timely response and
intervention, even when users are not physically present at
the location of the gas leaks

16*2 LCD MODULE

A 16*2 LCD display typically refers to a liquid crystal display
(LCD) module that can display 16 character in each of its two
rows . Its commonly used in various electronic devices for
showing text based information

Character size:
Each character spaces typically accommadates a 5*8 dot
matrix font , allowing for alphanumeric charaters , symbols and
custom characters

Interface:
These display usually interface with microcontrollers or
other digital devices through parallel or series communication
protocols , such as the HD44780 controller
Backlight:
Many 16*2 LCD display come with a backlight feature ,
enabling visibility in low light condition .The backlight can be
controlled seperately from the display

Voltage requirement :
They are commonly operate at 5v DC , making them
compatible with a wide range of microcontrolled and
embedded systems

Contrast adjustment;
Some modles offer contrast adjustment options to
optimize readability based on ambient lghting condition and
viewing angles

Customization:
Users can often customize the display by creating and
uploading custom character patterns for unique symbols or
logos.

Sr.No. Hex CodeCommand to LCD instruction Register

1 01 Clear display screen

2 02 Return home

3 04 Decrement cursor (shift cursor to left)

4 06 Increment cursor (shift cursor to right)

5 05 Shift display right

6 07 Shift display left

7 08 Display off, cursor off

8 0A Display off, cursor on

9 0C Display on, cursor off

10 0E Display on, cursor blinking

11 0F Display on, cursor blinking

12 10 Shift cursor position to left

13 14 Shift the cursor position to the right

14 18 Shift the entire display to the left

15 1C Shift the entire display to the right

16 80 Force cursor to the beginning ( 1st line)

17 C0 Force cursor to the beginning ( 2nd line)

MQ-135 GAS SENSOR

The MQ-135 gas sensor is a popular sensor used to detect
various gases , including ammonia , nitrogen oxides , benzene ,
smoke and co2. Its often employed in air quality monitoring
devices and DIY project for detecting pollutan

The MQ-135 das sensor operates based on the principle of

detection changes in resistance when exposed to differebt gases
. it typically consist of a sensing element made of tin dioxode
(sno2) and a heater coil. When the sensor is heat it become
sensitive to gases and the resistance changes depending on the
concentration of the target gas in the air. This change in
resistance in them measure and interpreted to determine the
presence and concentration of gas .

Details of MQ135 Sensor

The MQ135 is one of the popular gas sensors from the MQ

series of sensors that are commonly used in air quality control
equipment. It operates from 2.5V to 5.0V and can provide both
digital and analog output. The pinouts and important
components on an MQ135 Module in below

Note that all MQ sensors have to be powered up for a pre-heat duration for the sensor to
warm up before it can start working. This pre-heat time is normally between 30 seconds to a
couple of minutes. When you power up the module the power LED will turn on, leave the
module in this state till the pre-heat duration is completed.
Further resources:

Datasheet of MQ135

MQ-135 Arduino Library

Interfacing MQ135 with Arduino

Working principle:

The MQ-135 gas sensor utilizes a tin dioxide (SnO2)

semiconductor as its sensing element. Tin dioxide has the
property of being an excellent conductor at high temperatures
when exposed to certain gases. The sensor consists of a ceramic
element coated with SnO2, and when this element comes into
contact with a specific gas, the conductivity of the sensor
changes. This change in conductivity is then converted into an
electrical signal that can be measured and interpreted.

The sensitivity of the MQ-135 sensor is influenced by the

concentration of gases in the surrounding environment. The
higher the concentration of the target gas, the greater the
change in conductivity, resulting in a more significant electrical
signal. This makes the MQ-135 an effective tool for measuring
air quality and detecting the presence of harmful gases.

Application of MQ-135 gas sensor:

1. Air Quality Monitoring:

One of the primary applications of the MQ-135 sensor is in air

quality monitoring systems. It is widely used in indoor air
quality monitors, wearable devices, and IoT-based solutions to
measure the concentration of pollutants and ensure that air
quality meets health and safety standards.

2. Industrial Safety:
In industrial settings where the release of gases is a concern, the
MQ-135 sensor plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of
workers. It can be integrated into gas detection systems to
monitor the levels of hazardous gases and provide timely
warnings in case of elevated concentrations.

3. Environmental Monitoring:

The MQ-135 sensor is also employed in environmental

monitoring applications, helping to assess the impact of human
activities on air quality. Researchers and environmentalists use
these sensors in field studies to gather data on pollution levels
and contribute to efforts aimed at reducing environmental
degradation.

4. Smart Home Automation:

With the rise of smart homes and IoT, the MQ-135 sensor finds
its place in smart home automation systems. It can be used to
detect and control ventilation systems, alerting homeowners to
poor air quality and triggering actions to improve the indoor
environment.
 GSM SIM 8001 MODULE
his Small SIM800L GPRS GSM Module is equipped with a
Micro SIM Card Core Board and a quad-band TTL Serial Port.
It comes with two antennas included, providing excellent
wireless connectivity. The SIM800L GSM/GPRS module is a
compact GSM modem that can be seamlessly integrated into
various IoT projects. With this module, you can achieve a wide
range of functionalities similar to a regular cell phone,
including sending and receiving SMS text messages, making
phone calls, and connecting to the internet via GPRS, TCP/IP,
and more! Moreover, this module supports a quad-band
GSM/GPRS network, ensuring global compatibility
 LM 2596 MODULE

Input: DC 3V to 40V (input voltage must be higher than the

output voltage to 1.5v above can not boost)

Output: DC 1.5V to 35V voltage continuously adjustable, high-

efficiency maximum output current of 3A

Conclusion:

Gas leakage leads to severe accidents resulting in material

losses and human injuries. Gas leakage occurs mainly due to
poor maintenance of equipments and inadequate awareness of
the people. Hence, LPG leakage detection is essential to prevent
accidents and to save human lives.

Result:

Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially

hazardous gas leaks by sensors. Additionally a visual
identification can be done using a thermal camera These
sensors usually employ an audible alarm to alert people when a
dangerous gas has been detect

FINAL OUTPUT
 PROGRIMING CODE
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Wire.h>

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

SoftwareSerial mySerial(2, 3);

int gasValue = A0;

int data = 0;

int Red = 6;

int Green = 7;

void setup() {

randomSeed(analogRead(0));

mySerial.begin(9600);

Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

pinMode(gasValue, INPUT);

pinMode(Red, OUTPUT);

pinMode(Green, OUTPUT);

lcd.print(" WELCOME TO");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("JSUTDOELECTRONIC");

delay(3000);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print(" Gas Leakage ");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" Detector Alarm ");

delay(3000);

lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {

data = analogRead(gasValue);

Serial.print("Gas Level: ");

Serial.println(data);

lcd.print("Gas Scan is ON");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print("Gas Level: ");

lcd.print(data);

delay(1000);

if (data > 80) {

SendMessage();

Serial.print("Gas detect alarm");

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(" Gas Leakage");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(" SMS Sent");

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(Red, HIGH);

digitalWrite(Green, LOW);

} else {

Serial.print("Gas Level Low");

lcd.clear();
 lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print("Gas Level Normal");

digitalWrite(Red, LOW);

digitalWrite(Green, HIGH);

delay(1000);

lcd.clear();

void SendMessage() {

Serial.println("I am in send");

mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1");

delay(1000);

mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+918830584864xx\"\r");

mySerial.println("Hi Prateek Gas Detected plz Open Windows And Check Your Gas
Cylinder");

delay(100);

delay(1000);

Gas Leak Detec

GAS LEAKAGE
DETECTION