Artemiy Belyaev

Russian Language
in 25 lessons
© Artemiy Belyaev, 2016

The course of Russian language in 25 lessons is sustainable for anybody who wants to learn Russian
language, who already tried but got disappointed, for those who want to travel to Russian speaking
countries and for any amateur polyglots who is interested in foreign languages. The course consists
of 25 lessons of grammar and conversational language divided into 2 levels in 15 and 10 lessons. The
purpose of the course is to show the structure of language as simple as possible.

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

 Оглавление
Russian Language
Alphabet and rules of reading
Simple rules of reading
LEVEL 1
LESSON 1: VERBS IN PRESENT TENSE
LESSON 2: «TO BE» IN PRESENT TENSE, PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
LESSON 3: PAST TENSE
LESSON 4: FUTURE TENSE AND VERBS OF MOTION
VERBS OF MOTION
LESSON 5: GENDERS AND PLURAL
LESSON 6: CASES OF PRONOUNS
LESSON 7: CASES OF NOUNS
LESSON 8: CASES OF ADJECTIVES
LESSON 9: TO HAVE
Something, nobody, ewerywhere etc.
LESSON 10: REFLEXIVE VERBS
LESSON 11: TO NEED
 LESSON 12: MUST/TO HAVE TO
LESSON 13: IMPERATIVE MOOD AND THE PARTICLE «БЫ»
Particle БЫ
LESSON 14: THERE IS/THERE ARE AND SIMPLE DIALOGUES
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND SOME IDIOMS
LESSON 15: DEGREES OF COMPARISON AND A PRACTIAL TASK
LEVEL 2
LESSON 16: PERFECTIVE ASPECT OF VERBS AND ITS PREFIXES
LESSON 17: PERFECTIVE FORM OF IMPERATIVE MOOD
LESSON 18: PARTICIPLES
LESSON 19: PARTICIPLES 2
LESSON 20: SHORT ADJECTIVES
LESSON 21: POSSESSIVE CASE
LESSON 22: DIMINUTIVE SUFFIXES
LESSON 23: MORE ABOUT DEGREES OF COMPARISON
LESSON 24: REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
LESSON 25: SUMMARIZING
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
LINKS
ALPHABET
Simple rules of reading
PHRASEBOOK
DICTIONARY: NUMERALS
DICTIONARY: VERBS
DICTIONARY: NOUNS
DICTIONARY: ADJECTIVES
IRREGULAR VERBS
 A comment from the author
Dear Reader, language Learner, Polyglot or a person who is interested in the
Russian language and the culture. The Russian language, as any Slavic language,
is known as not an easy language to learn. However, the learning process can be
not as hard and boring as you might think. The 25 lessons in this book will walk
you through the process of understanding the essential grammar and
conversational language. What’s more, the multiple examples presented in the
book will help you further elevate your Russian speaking and comprehension
skills. You can finally learn to speak the Russian language decently and not
ridiculing yourself by knowing a couple of phrases that you cannot make any
practical use of.
How to use this book? Learn each lesson carefully and conjugate at least
100 verbs in all tenses and decline at least 200 nouns by cases in order to do it
automatically. By the end of the lessons you will be able to talk about many things
as far as your vocabulary affords you. Try to pronounce all words and examples
aloud and improve your accent. Get practice with native speakers as much as you
can. In the end of the book you will find additional material with a phrasebook,
dictionary and a list of irregular verbs. Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, and
don’t hesitate to talk! Good luck with this interesting process!
Alphabet and rules of reading
Russian alphabet:

The alphabet with transcriptions:

 Simple rules of reading

Pronounce endings [-..го] like [-vo]. For example, the word КРАСИВОГО is
pronounced as [krasivovo].
Pronounce stressed O as it is, and pronounce non-stressed O like A. For
example, the word МОЛОКО is pronounced like [malako] because the stressed
syllable is [ко].
Pronounce the endings [-..шь], [-..шься], [-чь] like there is not Ь there, for
example ДЕЛАЕШЬ — [delaesh]
The word Ч (ch) in the word ЧТО is pronounced as Ш (sh). ЧТО [shto].
There are not exact rules of stressed syllables. But usually (not always!) the
stressed syllable is in the middle of a word. So, it is better to listen to radio or live
speech in order to hear correct pronunciation. Also, there are many words that
can be pronounced in both two or more ways.
The letter Е, Ё, И, Ю, Я soften consonants before them. For example, one
pronounces the word УНИВЕРСИТЕТ as [UNIV’ERS’IT’ET].
Soft sign Ь just softens a consonant and makes a diphthong. For example
КОМПЬЮТЕР — [KOMP’YUT’ER]. The difference between the syllables ПЬЮ and
ПЮ is that the first one is with diphthong [P’YU] and the second one is without —
[P’U].
 The hard sign Ъ leaves a previous consonant hard (doesn’t let to make it soft).
For example, ПОДЪЕЗД — [POD-EZD].
LEVEL 1
 LESSON 1: VERBS IN PRESENT
TENSE
There are 2 conjugations of verbs in Russian language. Verbs of the 1st
conjugation have endings: -ЕТЬ -АТЬ -УТЬ -ЮТЬ -ЫТЬ -ЯТЬ -ЧЬ in infinitive
form and there are 2 exceptions. Verbs of the 2nd conjugation have infinitive
endings: -ИТЬ and there are 11 exceptions*, but it is not necessary to learn
exceptions once you have started to learn Russian. Now you know how
to distinguish a verb from other parts of speech. Let’s start to speak!
ГОВОРИТЬ — to speak, to talk, to say
 Can you understand the logic of conjugation already? Let’s try to conjugate
one more verb!
УЧИТЬ — to learn
 Now let’s try to conjugate a verb of the 1st conjugation (if you forgot what it
is — look the beginning of this page!) and with negation:
ЗНАТЬ — to know
And one more verb but in interrogative form:
ЧИТАТЬ — to read
 And there is one special conjugation group of verbs with the endings -ОВАТЬ
and -АВАТЬ. You just have to delete the suffix ОВ and conjugate it like it has the
ending -УТЬ.
ПУТЕШЕСТВОВАТЬ — to travel
 It is the same for all verbs with the ending -ОВАТЬ, but notice that only for -
ОВАТЬ! NOT -ИВАТЬ, -ЫВАТЬ!
EXAMPLES
Я УЧУ РУССКИЙ — I learn Russian, (РУССКИЙ — Russian)
Я ГОВОРЮ ПО-РУССКИ I speak Russian (when you say that you speak any
language you just have to remember to say it with the prefix [ПО-])
Я ГОВОРЮ ПО-АНГЛИЙСКИ I speak English
Я ГОВОРЮ ПО-АНГЛИЙСКИ И УЧУ РУССКИЙ I speak English and (I) learn
Russian (Sometimes one can use verbs without pronouns)
 МЫ ПУТЕШЕСТВУЕМ И УЧИМ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК We travel and learn
English language
ОНА ЧИТАЕТ И ГОВОРИТ ПО-РУССКИ She reads and speaks Russian
МЫ ДУМАЕМ И МЕЧТАЕМ We think and dream
ОНИ СЛУШАЮТ РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК They listen to Russian language
ВЫ СПРАШИВАЕТЕ, НО НЕ ОТВЕЧАЕТЕ You (plural) ask but don’t answer
МЫ ОБСУЖДАЕМ, КАК УЧИТЬ РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК We discuss, how to learn
Russian language
ОН ПРЫГАЕТ НА ДИВАНЕ**, ОНА ДЕЛАЕТ УРОКИ He jumps on the sofa,
she does homework

*Exceptions of 2nd conjugation:

7verbs with [-ЕТЬ]: видеть, ненавидеть, смотреть, зависеть, терпеть,
вертеть, обидеть. 4 verbs with [-АТЬ]: держать, слышать, дышать, гнать.
These verbs are conjugated by the rule of 2nd conjugation despite they end at [-
ЕТЬ] and [-АТЬ]!
*Exceptions of 1st conjugation:
2 verbs with [-ИТЬ]: брить, стелить. These two verbs are conjugated by rule
of 1st conjugation.
**The word ДИВАН (sofa) is conjugated by a case. Learn more in the lessons
6-9.
 LESSON 2: «TO BE» IN PRESENT
TENSE, PREPOSITIONS
The verb «To be» — БЫТЬ is not used in present tense. For example,
in English we say «I am a student» but in Russian we have to say «I student». The
verb БЫТЬ exists for present tense but is not used, it has the form ЕСТЬ for all
pronouns (Я ЕСТЬ, ТЫ ЕСТЬ and so on).
And one more thing — there are no articles (a, the) in Russian language.
 In order to build interrogative form — just change intonation and add the
question mark»?».
Examples:
Ты студент? Are you a stusdent?
Я на работе? Am I at work?
Это кот? Is it a cat?

PREPOSITIONS

In order to get it more easy, here is a picture demonstrating the prepositions

in the two-dimensional space.
 EXAMPLES
ЭТО САМОЛЁТ? НЕТ, ЭТО ВЕРТОЛЁТ Is it an airplane? No, this is
a helicopter
Я ПРЫГАЮ НА БАТУТЕ I am jumping on the trampoline
 ПРИНТЕР ПЕЧАТАЕТ БУМАГУ The printer prints paper
Я ИЗУЧАЮ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК I study a foreign language (Язык —
language)
Я ОБМЕНИВАЮ ДЕНЬГИ I exchange money (Деньги — money)
МАМА НЕ РАЗРЕШАЕТ ИГРАТЬ НА УЛИЦЕ Mom doesn’t let to play
outdoors (Улица — street, На улице — outdoors)
Я ПОНИМАЮ МНОГО ЯЗЫКОВ I understand many languages
ДИСК НЕ В КОМПЬЮТЕРЕ, ОН СНАРУЖИ The disk is not in the computer,
this is outside
ОНИ В ДОМЕ They are in the house/they are at home
МЫ ЗДЕСЬ, НО ОНИ В ДРУГОМ ГОРОДЕ We are here but they are in another
city (Но — but, другой — another)
МОЛОКО НА СТОЛЕ The milk is on the table
ОНА В АВТОБУСЕ She is in bus (Автобус — bus)
ОН ЛЕТАЕТ НА САМОЛЁТЕ He flies by airplane
Have you noticed different endings of nouns? If you didn’t — don’t worry! This
is the cases — this subject will be considered in the lessons 6, 7, 8.
 LESSON 3: PAST TENSE
In this lesson we will consider the past tense of verbs including the verb
БЫТЬ — to be. We will consider only imperfective aspect of verbs, and what is
it — you’ll know later, in lesson 16, and now just focus on this lesson! Verbs
of the 2nd conjugation have endings [-ИЛ] [-ИЛА] [-ИЛИ] [-ИЛО]. Verbs in the
past tense have the parameters: gender and plural/singular.
 Notice that verbs in masculine gender have ending [-ИЛ], in feminine [-ИЛА],
in neuter (only for items and some animals) [-ИЛО], and in plural [-ИЛИ] but
I recommend just to remember which form to use with each pronoun. In order
to improve your skill of verb conjugation, conjugate at least 100—150 verbs
by yourself.
Let’s conjugate the verb УЧИТЬ with negation — НЕ УЧИТЬ (not to learn):

Now let us consider verbs of 1th conjugation, it is almost the same:

Interrogative form: Just change intonation and add the question mark»?».
The verb БЫТЬ (to be):
And in conclusion, memorize the question words:
ЧТО? What?
КАКОЙ? What?
КТО? Who?
ГДЕ? Where?
КОГДА? When?
ПОЧЕМУ? Why?
ЗАЧЕМ? What for?
КУДА? Whereto?
 ОТКУДА? From where?
СКОЛЬКО? How much?/how many?
EXAMPLES
Я ЗНАЛ ПРО ТУ КНИГУ I knew about that book.
Я ВИДЕЛ ПУСТОЙ ГОРОД I saw an empty town.
ТЫ БЫЛ В МОСКВЕ? Have you been to Moscow?
МАШИНА БЫЛА В ГАРАЖЕ A car was in the garage.
МЫ БЫЛИ НА МОРЕ We were at sea.
Я ЗНАЛ О ТЕБЕ I knew about you
ТЫ ИДЁШЬ В СПОРТЗАЛ You are going to gym
Я ШЁЛ НА КОНЦЕРТ I was going to the concert
МЫ ШЛИ МЕДЛЕННО We went slowly
ОНИ ИГРАЛИ НА КОМПЬЮТЕРЕ They were playing at computer
ЧТО ТЫ ДЕЛАЕШЬ? Я ПИШУ ТЕКСТ What are you doing? I am writing a text
КАК ТЫ СОБИРАЕШЬСЯ ПОКУПАТЬ МАШИНУ? How are you going to buy
a car?
КОГДА ВЫ ЕЗДИЛИ В ПЕТЕРБУРГ? В АВГУСТЕ When did you go
to Petersburg? In August
ОН ГОВОРИЛ ПО-АНГЛИЙСКИ, НО ОНА НЕ ПОНИМАЛА He spoke English
but she didn’t understand.
ПОЧЕМУ ТЫ ХОТЕЛА ИДТИ В МАГАЗИН ВЧЕРА? Why did you want to go
to a shop yesterday?
КОГДА ТЫ ХОТЕЛ ПОКУПАТЬ НОВЫЙ ДОМ? ЧЕРЕЗ МЕСЯЦ. When are you
going to buy a new house? In a month
ГОВОРЯТ, ЧТО ОНА ХОТЕЛА ИЗУЧАТЬ ИСКУССТВО One says that she
wanted to study arts[1]
ЗДЕСЬ СТРОИЛИ ЗДАНИЕ One built a building here
ПРО ЭТО РАССКАЗЫВАЛИ МНОГО РАЗ One told about it many times
[1] Notice that ГОВОРЯТ is used in passive voice, if you want to say a verb
in passive voice — conjugate it like with pronoun ОНИ but don’t use any pronoun,
there are exceptions — abut them — later
 LESSON 4: FUTURE TENSE AND
VERBS OF MOTION
As it was said before, in the first level we consider only simple (imperfective)
tenses. Therefore, the form of the future tense that we’ll consider is very easy. It
has verbal construction:
БЫТЬ in future tense + A VERB IN INFINITIVE!
Here is the conjugation of the verb БЫТЬ — all you need to know to build
sentences in future tense:
And now let’s add the verb ОТДЫХАТЬ (to relax):
 Also memorize the conjugation of the verb МОЧЬ — can in all 3 tenses. This
is one of some complicated modal verbs with a special own conjugation.
 Comparing the future tenses of English and Russian language, one can notice:
there is not difference between English analogues «I will do» and «I will be doing»
in Russian language (the only exception — verbs of motion). In Russian both
forms are translated as Я БУДУ ДЕЛАТЬ.
EXAMPLES
Я СМОГУ БЫТЬ В ГОРОДЕ ЗАВТРА I will be able to be in the city tomorrow
СЕГОДНЯ НЕ СМОЖЕТ БЫТЬ В ШКОЛЕ He will be able to be at school today
МЫ БУДЕМ ОТДЫХАТЬ НА НОВЫЙ ГОД We will relax in the New Year
ГДЕ ТЫ БУДЕШЬ НА РОЖДЕСТВО? Where will you be on Christmas?
 КУДА ОН БУДЕТ ВКЛАДЫВАТЬ ДЕНЬГИ? Whereto he will invest money?
ОНИ НЕ БУДУТ ГУЛЯТЬ В ПАРКЕ ЗАВТРА They will not walk in the park
tomorrow
Я БУДУ ПРЫГАТЬ НА БАТУТЕ I will be jumping on the trampoline
ЭТО БУДЕТ НОВОЕ ЗДАНИЕ. This will be a new building.
ЧТО ТЫ БУДЕШЬ ДЕЛАТЬ ЗАВТРА? What will you do tomorrow?
В КАКОЙ ЦВЕТ ТЫ БУДЕШЬ КРАСИТЬ СТЕНУ? In what color will you paint
the wall?
Have you noticed different endings of words? — It is cases, the subject
of lessons 6,7,8

VERBS OF MOTION
There are some special verbs in Russian Language that have form
of continuous tense, they are verbs of motion: ХОДИТЬ — to go, БЕГАТЬ —
to run, ПЛАВАТЬ — to swim, ЛЕТАТЬ -to fly, НОСИТЬ — to carry, ВОДИТЬ — to
lead[1], ЛАЗИТЬ — to climb, ПОЛЗАТЬ — to crawl. Here is the table of these
verbs with their continuous forms:
EXAMPLES
Я ХОЖУ I go
Я ИДУ I am going
Я ЛЕТАЮ I fly
Я ЛЕЧУ I am flying
ТЫ ЛЕТИШЬ You are flying
Я ПЛАВАЮ I swim
Я ПЛЫВУ I am swimming
ТЫ ПЛЫВЁШЬ You are swimming
Я БЕГАЮ I run
Я БЕГУ I am running
ТЫ БЕЖИШЬ you are running
МОЙ САМОЛЁТ УЖЕ ЛЕТИТ My airplane is already flying
[1] Also ВОДИТЬ means "to drive", but it isn't a verb of this rule
 LESSON 5: GENDERS AND PLURAL
There are 3 genders in Russian language: masculine, feminine, neuter.
They belong to nouns and adjectives. Nouns of masculine have endings out
of consonant sounds, feminine — vowels sounds and [-Ь], nouns of neuter
endings have endings [-О], [-Е]. Plural doesn’t have gender. First of all, let’s try
to distinguish genders of the words:
 There are some exceptions when the physical gender of the word’s meaning
doesn’t match the grammatical one:
 МУЖЧИНА (masculine) — a man
ЖЕНЩИНА (feminine) — a woman
МАМА (feminine) — mom
ПАПА (masculine) — dad
ДЕДУШКА (masculine) — grandad
БАБУШКА (feminine) — grandma
After you get confidence with genders of nouns — it will be the time to get
confidence with genders of adjectives. It is more easy: masculine adjectives have
endings [-ОЙ], [-ИЙ], [-ЫЙ], feminine [-АЯ], [-ЯЯ], neuter [-ОЕ], [-ЕЕ].
 And one more subject of today’s lesson is plural. In order to convert a word
from singular to pluar we have to add endings:
— For masculine nouns ending by hard consonant or Ъ we have to add [-Ы],
for unvoiced consonants (к,т,ш,щ,п,ф,х,ч and Ь) — [-И].
— If a word is feminine — look at the previous letter of ending, for example [-
РА].
— And for neuter nouns having ending [-ИЕ] just change it to [-ИЯ].
Also there are many exceptions for nouns but don’t get confused with it
right now.
For adjectives we just change feminine and neuter endings to [-ИЕ] or [-ЫЕ]
and if an ending of masculine form is [-ЫЙ].
Now let’s start to practice:
 ОНА КРАСИВАЯ ДЕВУШКА She is a beautiful girl.
ЭТО СТАРОЕ ЗДАНИЕ. This is an old building.
ЗАВТРА Я БУДУ ДЕЛАТЬ ДОМАШНЕЕ ЗАДАНИЕ. Tomorrow I will do the
homework.
Я ПЬЮ ВКУСНОЕ ПИВО. I drink a tasty beer.
МЫ ЕДИМ ВКУСНЫЙ ТОРТ. We eat a tasty cake.
В КОМНАТЕ КРАСИВАЯ КАРТИНА. A beautiful picture in the room.
ГРОМКАЯ МУЗЫКА. Loud music.
 ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЬ ДАВАЛ СЛОЖНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ. A professor was giving
difficult tasks.

Hint: learn words with its plural forms.

 LESSON 6: CASES OF PRONOUNS
This subject is a little bit big and because of that this is divided into 3 lessons.
There are 6 cases[1] in Russian language and it probably can be complicated but it
has the logic and if you decline 100—150 words by cases you will be able to get
confident with it. There are some exceptions and words which one must just
remember. We’ll begin from pronouns in this lesson and in the next lessons we’ll
continue by nouns and adjectives. But first of all let’s consider what each case
means:
NOMINATIVE shows an initial form of a word and answers the questions
«Who?» and «What?». Hint phrase: «this is.. (a word in nominative)..»

GENITIVE Analogically to the preposition «of» and «for» and used after
designation of number of an object. For example «The thing of …", «100 things».
Hint phrase: «I don’t have.. (a word in genitive)..».

DATIVE Designates giving to an object and also used after the preposition «К,
КО». For example «To give to…», «Идти к (to go to) …)». Hint phrase: «I give to..
(a word in dative)..».
 ACCUSATIVE Shows an object of an action, prepositions «I can see…»,
«I use…». Hint phrase: «I can see.. (a word in accusative.)..».

INSTRUMENTAL Is used analogically to the preposition «by». It is

«instrument» by which you do something. Prepositions «с, со». Hint phrase:
«I write it by.. (a word in instrumental)..».

PREPOSITIONAL Designates place of an object or an object of speech and it is

always used with prepositions «о, обо, про, на». For example: «She was telling
about him». Hint phrase: «I tell about.. (a word in prepositional)..».

To make it more simple — look at the table of prepositions and see which case
we have to use after which preposition:
 It is not necessary to memorize this table at once without a context, use it
in practice and you will memorize it gradually. This is the declension of the
pronoun Я:
Look how to use it:
ЭТО Я This is me (nominative)
ОН ИДЁТ ОТ МЕНЯ He goes from me (genitive)
ОН ВИДИТ МЕНЯ He sees me (accusative)
ОНИ ИДУТ КО МНЕ They go to me (dative)
ОН ГОВОРИТ СО МНОЙ He speaks with me (instrumental)
ОНА ГОВОРИТ ОБО МНЕ She talks about me (prepositional)
EXAMPLES
Я ВИЖУ ЕГО I can see him (Accusative)
Я ЕГО ВИЖУ I can see him (Accusative)
ОН СМОТРИТ НА НЕЁ She looks at her (Accusative)
ОНА ЛЮБИТ ТЕБЯ She loves you (Accusative)
МЫ ГОВОРИМ С НИМИ We talk to them (Instrumental)
ВЫ ВЕРИТЕ НАМ You believe us (Dative)
ОНИ ПОНИМАЮТ ЕЁ They understand her (Accusative)
Я ИДУ К НЕЙ I go to her (Dative)
ОНА ИДЁТ КО МНЕ She goes to me (Dative)
ОН ИГРАЕТ С НИМ She plays with him (Instrumental)
ОН СТОИТ ОКОЛО ТЕБЯ She stands next to you (Genitive)
ДОМ ПЕРЕД ТОБОЙ The house is in front of you (Instrumental)
ОЗЕРО РЯДОМ С НЕЙ The lake is near her (Instrumental)
Я СТОЮ СПРАВА ОТ НЕГО I am standing right of him (Genitive)
ОНА РАССКАЗЫВАЕТ ЕМУ She tells him (Dative)
МЫ ИДЁМ К НЕМУ We go to him (Dative)
ОНА ИГРАЕТ С НЕЙ She plays with her (Instrumental)
ОН РАССКАЗЫВАЛ О НИХ He told about them (Prepositional)
ШАРФ НА МНЕ The scarf is on me (Prepositional)
[1] There are 9 or more cases in Russian language but they are mostly used with
some exact words.
 LESSON 7: CASES OF NOUNS
In the previous lesson we considered the cases of pronouns and now we can
use it with adjectives and nouns. Here is the description of each case the same as
in the previous lesson.
NOMINATIVE shows an initial form of a word and answers the questions
«Who?» and «What?». Hint phrase: «this is.. (a word in nominative)..»
GENITIVE Analogically to the preposition «of» and «for» and used after
designation of number of an object. For example «The thing of …", «100 things».
Hint phrase: «I don’t have.. (a word in genitive)..».
DATIVE Designates giving to an object and also used after the preposition «К,
КО». For example «To give to…», «Идти к (to go to) …)». Hint phrase: «I give to..
(a word in dative)..».
ACCUSATIVE Shows an object of an action, prepositions «I can see…»,
«I use…». Hint phrase: «I can see.. (a word in accusative.)..».
INSTRUMENTAL Is used analogically to the preposition «by». It is
«instrument» by which you do something. Prepositions «с, со». Hint phrase:
«I write it by.. (a word in instrumental)..».
PREPOSITIONAL Designates place of an object or an object of speech and it is
always used with prepositions «о, обо, про, на». For example: «She was telling
about him». Hint phrase: «I tell about.. (a word in prepositional)..».

To make it more simple — look at the table of prepositions and see which case
we have to use after which preposition:

It is not necessary to memorize this table at once without a context, use it

in practice and you will memorize it gradually.
Let us consider the 6 words: ГОРОД (masculine), КНИГА (feminine), ГИТАРА
(feminine), МОЛОКО (neuter), ШКОЛА (feminine), НЕБО (neuter).
 Now you can see the endings of words in each gender. Try to read it mindfully
and understand, try to decline some words from vocabulary of previous lessons.
Two next tables are tables with plural nouns.
 Also, here is how to say «there is/there are»: ЕСТЬ — there is, НЕТ — there
are not. To learn it more detailed — jump to the lesson 14.
EXAMPLES
ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЬ УЧИТ СТУДЕНТА A professor teachs a student
(студента — accusative)
В ГОРОДЕ НЕТ РЕКИ There is not a river in the city (реки — genitive)
НА ГОРЕ БАШНЯ A tower is on a mountain (на горе -prepositional, башня —
nominative)
КАРТИНА НА СТЕНЕ A picture on the wall (стене — prepositional)
 Я ИДУ К ЗДАНИЮ I am going towards the building (зданию — dative)
Я ИДУ ИЗ СПОРТЗАЛА I am going from the sport hall (спортзала — genitive)
МОЙ БРАТ ДОВОЛЕН ИНСТРУМЕНТОМ My brother is satisfied by the
instrument (инструментом — instrumental)
МУЗЫКАНТ ИГРАЕТ НА ГИТАРЕ The musician is playing guitar (гитаре —
prepositional)
ПРОГРАММИСТ РАБОТАЕТ С КОМПЬЮТЕРАМИ A programmer works with
the computers (компьютерами — instrumental)
УЧЕБНИК ПОМОГАЕТ СТУДЕНТАМ The textbook helps the students
(студентам — dative)
 LESSON 8: CASES OF ADJECTIVES
In the previous lesson we considered the cases of nouns and now we are
considering the cases of adjectives. Here is the description of each case the same
as in the previous lesson. THERE WILL BE MANY TABLES IN THIS LESSON
AGAIN! Also, you can take a look the description of each case as in previous
2 lessons.
NOMINATIVE shows an initial form of a word and answers the questions
«Who?» and «What?». Hint phrase: «this is.. (a word in nominative)..»

GENITIVE Analogically to the preposition «of» and «for» and used after
designation of number of an object. For example «The thing of …", «100 things».
Hint phrase: «I don’t have.. (a word in genitive)..».

DATIVE Designates giving to an object and also used after the preposition «К,
КО». For example «To give to…», «Идти к (to go to) …)». Hint phrase: «I give to..
(a word in dative)..».

ACCUSATIVE Shows an object of an action, prepositions «I can see…»,

«I use…». Hint phrase: «I can see.. (a word in accusative.)..».
 INSTRUMENTAL Is used analogically to the preposition «by». It is
«instrument» by which you do something. Prepositions «с, со». Hint phrase:
«I write it by.. (a word in instrumental)..».

PREPOSITIONAL Designates place of an object or an object of speech and it is

always used with prepositions «о, обо, про, на». For example: «She was telling
about him». Hint phrase: «I tell about.. (a word in prepositional)..».

To make it more simple — look at the table of prepositions and see which case
we have to use after which preposition:
 It is not necessary to memorize this table at once without a context, use it
in practice and you will memorize it gradually.

Let us consider 2 words in 4 variations (masculine, feminine, neuter, plural):

КРАСИВЫЙ (m), КРАСИВАЯ (f), КРАСИВОЕ (n), КРАСИВЫЕ (pl) — beautiful
БОЛЬШОЙ (m), БОЛЬШАЯ (f), БОЛЬШОЕ (n), БОЛЬШИЕ (pl) — big
 EXAMPLES
В МОЕМ КОМПЬЮТЕРЕ МНОГО ИНТЕРЕСНЫХ ИГР There are many
interesting games in my computer (интересных игр — genitive)
НАШ ДРУГ ФОТОГРАФИРУЕТ ХОРОШИМ ФОТОАППАРАТОМ Our friend
takes pictures by good camera (хорошим фотоаппаратом — instrumental)
МЫ ЕДЕМ НА БЫСТРОЙ МАШИНЕ We are going on fast car (быстрой
машине — prepositional)
Я СЛЫШУ КРАСИВУЮ МУЗЫКУ I hear beautiful music (красивую музыку —
accusative)
 ИДИ К БОЛЬШОМУ ПАМЯТНИКУ Go towards the big monument (большому
памятнику — dative)
ЧИСТАЯ КОМНАТА Clean room (nominative)
НА МОЕЙ ПОЛКЕ МНОГО ИНТЕРЕСНЫХ КНИГ There are many interesting
books in my bookshelf (интересных книг — genitive)
 LESSON 9: TO HAVE
There is the verb ИМЕТЬ — to have, one can conjugate it as an usual verb but
the usage of this verb has its own way! Take a look, how to say «I have, you
have,..and so on».
У + PRONOUN in GENETIVE CASE
In present tense:
 In past tense, we add genders and plural (m-masculine, f-feminine, n-neuter,
pl-plural):
 As you can see, the endings are the same for masculine, feminine, neuter and
plural for each pronoun.

And in the future tense, we add only plural:

 As you can see here, endings are the same of singular and plural for all
pronouns.
HOW TO CONJUGATE WITH NEGATION?
 EXAMPLES
У МЕНЯ ЕСТЬ ВЕЛОСИПЕД, А У ТЕБЯ БУДЕТ ВЕЛОСИПЕД? I have a bicycle
and will you have a bicycle?
У НЕГО БЫЛ КОМПЬЮТЕР, НО СЕЙЧАС У НЕГО ЕСТЬ ПЛАНШЕТ. He had
a computer but now he has a tablet.
У НЕЁ БУДУТ НОВЫЕ РОЛИКИ ЗАВТРА. She will have new roller skates
tomorrow.
У НИХ БЫЛО МЕРОПРИЯТИЕ ВЧЕРА, А СЕГОДНЯ У НИХ РАБОТА. ** They
had an event yesterday, and today they are at work (they have work).
 У ВАС БУДУТ НОВЫЕ КОМПЬЮТЕРЫ В ОФФИСЕ. You will have new
computers in the office.
У НАС НЕ БЫЛО УРОКОВ СЕГОДНЯ. We didn’t have classes today.
У ТЕБЯ НЕ БУДЕТ КОМПЬЮТЕРА ЕСЛИ ТЫ БУДЕШЬ ПРОГУЛИВАТЬ
УРОКИ! You won’t have a computer if you skip classes!
У ПРОДАВЦА НЕТ СДАЧИ. The seller doesn’t have odd money.
У БАНКОМАТА НЕ БЫЛО ДЕНЕГ. The cash machine didn’t have money.
У КОМПЬЮТЕРА НЕ БУДЕТ НОВОЙ ОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ. The
computer will not have new operating system.
У КОТА НЕ БУДЕТ ДЛИННОЙ ШЕРСТИ. The cat won’t have long wool.
КОГДА У НЕГО БУДЕТ РАБОТА? When does he have work?
ЕСЛИ У МЕНЯ НЕ БУДЕТ ДЕНЕГ, Я БУДУ ЗАРАБАТЫВАТЬ ИХ. When
I don’t have money I will earn it (НИХ-Them, деньги — money is plural).
ЕСЛИ Я БУДУ ИДТИ К ДРУЗЬЯМ, У МЕНЯ БУДЕТ ПОДАРОК ДЛЯ НИХ. If
I go to friends I will have a gift for them.
ЕСЛИ У МЕНЯ НЕ БУДЕТ БИЛЕТА В КИНОТЕАТР, Я НЕ БУДУ СМОТРЕТЬ
ЭТОТ ФИЛЬМ. If I don’t have ticket to a cinema I won’t watch this film.
**- You can see that the word «ЕСТЬ» can be hidden, when the verb ИМЕТЬ
(to have) indicates to condition — the word «ЕСТЬ» in PRESENT TENSE is hidden
almost always.
У НАС НЕ БЫЛО ДОСТАТОЧНО ВРЕМЕНИ ВЧЕРА. We didn’t have enough
time yesterday.
У НАС НЕ БУДЕТ НОВЫХ ТЕЛЕКАНАЛОВ В ТЕЛЕВИЗОРЕ. We will not have
new tv-channels in the tv.

Something, nobody, ewerywhere etc.

In this part of the lesson we will consider how to say:
Something, nothing, everything;
Somebody/someone, nobody/noone, everybody/everyone;
Somewhere, nowhere, everywhere.

First of all, let’s decline the pronouns «КТО» (who) and «ЧТО» (what), ВСЁ
(everything), ВСЕ (all, everybody) by cases:
 There is not difference between someone and somebody in Russian language.
In order to say «something», «somebody», «somewhere», «somewhen» — add
[ — НИБУДЬ] to ЧТО, КТО, ГДЕ:
ЧТО-НИБУДЬ — something; КТО-НИБУДЬ — somebody; ГДЕ-НИБУДЬ —
somewhere. КТО and ЧТО are declined by cases (look at the table above) but ГДЕ
and КОГДА aren’t.

For the words «nothing», «nobody», «nowhere», add the prefix [НИ-]: НИЧТО,
НИКТО, НИГДЕ, НИКОГДА. КТО and ЧТО are also declined by cases in this case
(e.g. НИЧЕГО, НИКОГО etc.)

For the words «everything», «everybody», «everywhere», «always» one must

just remember: ВСЁ — everything; ВСЕ — everybody; ВЕЗДЕ — everywhere;
ВСЕГДА — always.
ALSO
One can add [ — ТО], [ — ЛИБО], [ — УГОДНО] instead of [-НИБУДЬ]. ЧТО-
ТО, КТО-ЛИБО and so on. When to use each of them? — It depends on context.
The sense of each of these postfixes:
[ — НИБУДЬ] can mean [every-] as well as [any-] (e.g. everything, anything);
[ — ТО] is closer to [some-];
[ — ЛИБО] is closer to [any-];
[ — УГОДНО] is always [any-].
And one more thing: one can use КУДА (whereto) and ОТКУДА (where from)
with all of these prefixes. КУДА-НИБУДЬ, ОТКУДА-ЛИБО and so on.

EXAMPLES
ОНА ХОЧЕТ КУПИТЬ ЧТО-НИБУДЬ She wants to buy something
Я ХОЧУ ЕХАТЬ КУДА-ЛИБО I wanna go somewhere
МЫ ГДЕ-ТО БЛИЗКО We are somewhere close
ОНИ НЕ МОГУТ НИ О ЧЁМ ГОВОРИТЬ They can’t talk about anything;
 ОНИ МОГУТ СПАТЬ НА ЧЁМ-УГОДНО They can sleep on anything;
ВЫ МОЖЕТЕ ЧЕМ-ТО ПОМОГАТЬ? Can you help by something?
ТЫ ЕДЕШЬ КУДА-ТО? Do you go to somewhere?
У ВАС ЕСТЬ ЧТО-НИБУДЬ ДЛЯ ДОМА? Do you have something for home?
КОГДА-НИБУДЬ У НАС БУДЕТ СВОЙ ДОМ Somewhen we will have own
house
ОНА НИКОГДА НЕ ЗАБЫВАЛА НАШУ ПОЕЗДКУ She never forgot our trip
У НАС ЕСТЬ ВСЁ ДЛЯ ТОГО, ЧТОБЫ[1] БЫТЬ УСПЕШНЫМИ We have
everything to be successful
ОНИ ЛЮБЯТ ВСЕХ, КТО ИМ ПОМОГАЕТ They love everyone, who help them
ОНИ РАССКАЗЫВАЮТ О ВСЁМ, ЧТО ВИДЕЛИ В ТОЙ СТРАНЕ They tell
about everything that they saw in that country
[1] Для того, чтобы literally means «in order to», but in some contexts means
just «to»
 LESSON 10: REFLEXIVE VERBS
There is another kind of verbs — reflexive verbs. Reflexive verbs are equal
of english construction «It is being.. (done).. " «He is being…», but there are some
nuances. How to destinguish a reflexive verb? Just to add the postfix -СЯ or -СЬ
for appropriate pronouns. If you know Spanish language — this is equal
construction for spanish reflexive verbs with postfix -SE. There are some verbs
that have only reflexive construction, we will consider them in final part of this
lesson. Sometimes these verbs have different translations in reflexive and
nonreflexive forms.

First of all let’s consider the conjugation of reflexive verbs, all you need to do
is to add a postfix [-СЯ] or [-СЬ] for appropriate tense and pronoun:
 As you can see, first of all we add usual endings of usual verbs and then we
add postfixes -СЯ and -СЬ after the ending. But, actually, what do reflexive verbs
mean? There are some variants of using it: 1. To do something with oneself:
2. Verbs with own translation:
and others.

3. An action is being done.

4. The action is performed not by speaker.
(this is not very literal translation)
5. Reflexive action, the complicated verb НРАВИТЬСЯ:
 To deal with the verb КАЗАТЬСЯ (to seem) — the same way as with
НРАВИТЬСЯ.
EXAMPLES
МНЕ НРАВИТСЯ САМОЛЁТ I like the airplane
Я ЕЙ НРАВЛЮСЬ She likes me
ВЫ НАМ НРАВИТЕСЬ We like you
ДОМ ДО СИХ ПОР СТРОИТСЯ, И МНЕ ЭТО НЕ НРАВИТСЯ The house is still
being built and I don’t like it
МНЕ КАЖЕТСЯ, ЧТО ЭТО МНЕ НЕ НРАВИТСЯ I seem (that) I don’t like it
 ОН СМЕЁТСЯ ВСЕГДА, КОГДА ИМ НРАВИТСЯ ТО, ЧТО ЕМУ
НЕ НРАВИТСЯ He laughs always when they like that he doesn’t like
ЭТО СЛОВО ЧИТАЕТСЯ НЕ ТАК, КАК ПИШЕТСЯ This word is read not so as
this is read
ОНА УБИРАЕТСЯ В КОМНАТЕ She tidies up the room
СВЕТОФОР ВКЛЮЧАЕТСЯ, КОГДА НАЖИМАЕТСЯ КНОПКА Traffic light is
turned on when the button is pressed
ЧИСЛОВОЙ РЯД СХОДИТСЯ, КОГДА ВЫПОЛНЯЕТСЯ НЕОБХОДИМОЕ
УСЛОВИЕ A a numerical row meets when the necessary condition is satisfied
ОН БРЕЕТСЯ КАЖДОЕ УТРО, ПОКА Я ПРОСЫПАЮСЬ He shaves every
morning while I wake up.
МНЕ НРАВИТСЯ ПРОСЫПАТЬСЯ ПОЗДНО I like to wake up late.
МОЕЙ ПОДРУГЕ НРАВИТСЯ ВЕСЕЛИТЬСЯ My friend like to have fun
МОЙ ВЕЛОСИПЕД ЧИНИТСЯ В МАСТЕРСКОЙ My bicycle is being repaired
in a workshop
Я НЕ ВОЛНУЮСЬ О СВОЕЙ УЧЁБЕ I don’t worry about my studies
МАТЕМАТИКА ИЗУЧАЕТСЯ В ШКОЛЕ С ПЕРВОГО КЛАССА The math is
studied in school from first grade
БУМАГА ПЕЧАТАЕТСЯ В ПРИНТЕРЕ The paper is being printed in the
printer
ЭТА КНИГА ЧИТАЕТСЯ ПРОСТО This book is read easily/The book is easy
to read
 LESSON 11: TO NEED
The verb НУЖДАТЬСЯ (to need) is a special complicated verb in Russian
language. One must just memorize how to conjugate it. As usually, there is
nothing difficult in it.
The verb НУЖДАТЬСЯ is almost never used in infinitive. This is a reflexive
verb but it is conjugated by gender and plural, correctly to say — by own way.
Here is the conjugation:
And one more table, each pronoun is in dative case:
 As you can see, this is an alternative form of English «I/you/… need».
One important notice: if you say you need to do something (with any verb) —
you have to use the form of neuter gender i.e. НУЖНО. Example — МНЕ НУЖНО
ДЕЛАТЬ (I need to do).

Also memorize these constructions:

НУЖНО — One must

МОЖНО — One can
 EXAMPLES
МНЕ НУЖНО ДЕЛАТЬ I need to do
ЕЙ НУЖНО ЖДАТЬ ПОЕЗД She needs to wait for a train
ЕЙ НУЖЕН ПОЕЗД She needs a train
ЕМУ НУЖНА ГИТАРА He needs a guitar
ИМ НУЖНО МНОГО ИГРУШЕК They need many toys
НАМ НУЖНО МНОГО БУМАГИ We need many paper
МОЖНО РАБОТАТЬ С ГИБКИМ ГРАФИКОМ One can work with flextime
НУЖНО КУПИТЬ ХЛЕБ One must buy a bread
МНЕ НУЖНО КУПИТЬ ХЛЕБ I need to buy a bread
МОЕМУ СЫНУ НУЖНО УЧИТЬСЯ ВОДИТЬ МАШИНУ My son needs to study
to drive a car
 LESSON 12: MUST/TO HAVE TO
One more complicated modal verb that one must just memorize.
There is not difference between English words «Must», «To have to» and
«To get to» in Russian language, there is only one verb construction «БЫТЬ
ДОЛЖНЫМ»
 * — It is not important to put the verb БЫТЬ after or before ДОЛЖЕН. For
example you can say «Я БЫЛ ДОЛЖЕН» or «Я ДОЛЖЕН БЫЛ», «ОНИ БЫЛИ
ДОЛЖНЫ» «ОНИ ДОЛЖНЫ БЫЛИ» and it is the same and it is not mistake, but
it is used with ДОЛЖЕН before БЫТЬ much more often.
Also there is one another translation of the verb БЫТЬ ДОЛЖНЫМ —
TO OWE, it is conjugated by the same way and depends on context.

If the verb БЫТЬ ДОЛЖНЫМ is used with any part of speech apart from
a verb — One must add БЫТЬ in infinitive after БЫТЬ ДОЛЖНЫМ. For example:
ГАРАЖ ДОЛЖЕН БЫТЬ ЗДЕСЬ — A garage must be here («must» with noun),
ГАРАЖ ДОЛЖЕН ВМЕЩАТЬ ДВЕ МАШИНЫ — The garage must contain two
cars («must» with verb»)
EXAMPLES
Я ДОЛЖЕН ПРОСЫПАТЬСЯ РАНО I have to wake up early
ОН ДОЛЖЕН КУПИТЬ ЕДУ I have to buy a food
ЗАВТРА ДЕТИ ДОЛЖНЫ БУДУТ ИДТИ В ШКОЛУ Children will not have
to go to school tomorrow
ВЧЕРА ОН ДОЛЖЕН БЫЛ ДЕЛАТЬ УРОКИ, НО ОН НЕ ДЕЛАЛ ИХ,
ПОЭТОМУ ОН БУДЕТ ДОЛЖЕН ДЕЛАТЬ ИХ СЕГОДЯ ОПЯТЬ. He had to do
homework yesterday but he didn’t do it, therefore he will have to do it today again
МЫ ДОЛЖНЫ УВАЖАТЬ ДРУГ ДРУГА We have to respect each other (друг
друга — each other)
ЭТО ДОЛЖНО БЫТЬ ЗДЕСЬ It must be here
ЭТОТ ДОМ НЕ ДОЛЖЕН СТРОИТЬСЯ ТАМ This house must not be built
there
ТОРГОВЫЙ АВТОМАТ ДОЛЖЕН ДАВАТЬ СДАЧУ A vending machine has
to give odd money
ГАРАЖ ДОЛЖЕН БЫТЬ ЗДЕСЬ A garage must be here
ГАРАЖ ДОЛЖЕН ВМЕЩАТЬ ДВЕ МАШИНЫ A garage must contain two cars
СНЕГ ДОЛЖЕН БУДЕТ ПАДАТЬ СКОРО Snow will have to fall soon
 ПАССАЖИРЫ ДОЛЖНЫ БУДУТ БЫТЬ ЗДЕСЬ СКОРО Passengers will have
to be here soon
ШКОЛА ДОЛЖНА ПОМОГАТЬ ДЕТЯМ УЧИТЬСЯ The school has to help
children to study
СКОЛЬКО Я ВАМ ДОЛЖЕН? How much do I owe you?
 LESSON 13: IMPERATIVE MOOD
AND THE PARTICLE «БЫ»
This is one of the easiest lessons in our course. First our subject of this lesson
is Imperative mood. Imperative mood show pointing out to do something
to a person (or to a wall, it happens sometimes *giggling*). There are 2 kinds
of imperative mood: if you point out to one person (Ты) or to some persons (Вы).
Formal (polite) form uses the same pronoun Вы.

Imperative mood for 1st conjugation of verbs (endings -АТЬ, -ЕТЬ, -ОТЬ, -
УТЬ and others) and verbs with endings -ОВАТЬ.
 And verbs of 2nd conjugation (with ending -ИТЬ), and also the verbs ИДТИ —
to go and ЕСТЬ — to eat:
And reflexive verbs:
 As you can see — we add -СЯ for singular and -СЬ for plural in verbs of 1st
conjugation and we add -СЬ for singular and plural both for verbs of 2nd
conjugation.

Particle БЫ
 Second part or this lesson is the particle «БЫ». БЫ is translated as «would»
in English language. A verb after БЫ must be always in past tense. For example:
Я БЫ ДЕЛАЛ — I would do, Я БЫ ИГРАЛ — I would play, without exceptions.
Also, «I would like» is translated as Я БЫ ХОТЕЛ.
EXAMPLES
Я БЫ ЖДАЛ ЕЁ ВЕСЬ ДЕНЬ I would be waiting for her for the whole day
ОН БЫ ДЕЛАЛ ДОМАШНЮЮ РАБОТУ СЕГОДНЯ He would do homework
today
Я БЫ ХОТЕЛ ЧТО-НИБУДЬ ДЕЛАТЬ СЕЙЧАС I would like to do
something now
ПИШИ ПИСЬМО! Write the letter!
ПУТЕШЕСТВУЙТЕ ДЁШЕВО! Travel cheap!
СПИТЕ СПОКОЙНО! Sleep calm!
ОДЕВАЙТЕСЬ КРАСИВО И НЕ ЗАБЫВАЙТЕ ПРО ХОЛОД! Dress pretty and
don’t forget about cold!
 LESSON 14: THERE IS/THERE ARE
AND SIMPLE DIALOGUES
In Russian language one can say «there is/there are», «there was/ there were»
and «there will be». There is not anything difficult, just look at the table below.

Now look how to use it:

В ГОРОДЕ ЕСТЬ МЕТРО There is a metro in the city.
 В ДОМЕ БЫЛ ПОЧТОВЫЙ ЯЩИК There was a post box in the house
ЗДЕСЬ БЫЛА АВТОБУСНАЯ ОСТАНОВКА There was a bus stop here
В ПАРКЕ БЫЛИ СКАМЕЙКИ There were benches in the park
В ДЕРЕВНЕ БУДЕТ НОВАЯ ШКОЛА There will be a new school in the village
В ТЕАТРЕ БУДУТ НОВЫЕ СПЕКТАКЛИ There will be new performances
in the theater

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND SOME

IDIOMS

Environmental conditions:
It is rainy — ДОЖДЛИВО/ИДЁТ ДОЖДЬ (idiom)
It is snowy — ИДЁТ СНЕГ (idiom) /СНЕЖНО
It is sunny — СОЛНЕЧНО
It is cold — ХОЛОДНО
It is dark — ТЕМНО
It is lightly — СВЕТЛО
Idioms of passive voice:
 One hears — СЛЫШНО (idiom)
One doesn’t hear — НЕ СЛЫШНО (idiom)
One can see — ВИДНО (idiom)
One can’t see — НЕ ВИДНО (idiom)
After these idioms next word is always in accusative case.
As you can see, in case you want to describe an environmental condition —
you just have to use «to be» — БЫТЬ dependent of the tense.In case you want
to say adverb in passive voice —
БЫЛО ДОЖДЛИВО/ШЁЛ ДОЖДЬ — It was rainy
БЫЛО СНЕЖНО/ШЁЛ СНЕГ — It was snowy
БУДЕТ ХОЛОДНО- it will be cold
БУДЕТ СВЕТЛО — it will be lightly
And now let’s get started to practice dialogues!
Try to translate and read these dialogs:

— Здраствуйте, что Вы хотите?

— Здраствуйте, сколько стоит этот хлеб?
— Двадцать пять рублей.
— Спасибо, дайте пожалуйста его и три литра молока.

Translation is in the end of the lesson.

 — Привет, как дела?
— Хорошо, а у тебя?
— Ты будешь пить чай?
— С печеньем?
— Да, конечно.
— Буду, спасибо.

Translation is in the end of the lesson.

— Извините, где находится станция метро?

— Идите налево и через два поворота поворачивайте направо.
— Спасибо, а как туда ехать на автобусе?
— Садитесь на автобус номер тридцать пять и следуйте до остановки
с таким же названием, как название станции метро.

Translation is in the end of the lesson.

Memorize these phrases and words:
Translations of dialogues:
1. — Hello, what do you want?
— Hello, how much is the bread?
— 25 roubles
— Thanks, give me it please and 3 liters of milk.

2. — Hello, how are you?

— I am fine, and you?
— Will you drink tee?
 — With cookies?
— Yes, of course.
— Yes I will, thank you.

3. -Eccuse me, where is the metro station?

— Go left and via 2 turns turn right.
— Thank you, and how to get there by bus?
— Take a bus number 35 and follow up to the bus stop that has same name as
metro station has
— Yes of course.
— I will, thanks.
 LESSON 15: DEGREES
OF COMPARISON AND
A PRACTIAL TASK
At the final lesson of the Level 1, we will consider degrees of comparison
in Russian language. How to say the words «better, worse, more attractive,
younger, the most beautiful, the oldest? ” in Russian language? Let’s consider it!
 As you have probably noticed, there is alternation of consonant sounds
in some words like Тихий — Тише, Громкий — громче. And some exceptions
with ending -ЛЕ, like Дешевле
Also you can say so, it is the same:

БОЛЕЕ — more, САМЫЙ — the most Also, the words «good» and «bad» have a
special declension, as in all languages:
 EXAMPLES
ОНА САМАЯ КРАСИВАЯ В УНИВЕРСИТЕТЕ She is the most beautiful in the
university
ЭТО МЕСТО КРАСИВЕЕ, ЧЕМ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ ПЛОЩАДЬ This place is more
beautiful than central square
ЧЕМ СВЕТЛЕЕ ДЕНЬ, ТЕМ ЛУЧШЕ ПОГОДА The more day is lighter the
better weather is
ОН ПРОДАЁТ ИГРУШКИ, КОТОРЫЕ КАЧЕСТВЕННЕЕ He sells toys, that are
more qualitative
 БИГ-МАК ДОРОЖЕ, ЧЕМ ГАМБУРГЕР Big-mac is more expensive that
a hamburger
ЧИЗБУРГЕР ДЕШЕВЛЕ, ЧЕМ ХОТ-ДОГ Cheeseburger is cheaper than a hot-
dog

Practical part of this lesson is to tell about yourself.

Меня зовут Андрей. Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге. Мне 23 года. Я учусь

в университете на пятом курсе и работаю в транспортной компании. Мой
родной язык — русский, также я говорю по-английски и немножко по-
испански. В свободное время я играю на пианино и гитаре. Также я
увлекаюсь спортом: я катаюсь на горных лыжах, хожу и хожу в тренажерный
зал. Я люблю читать книги, я читаю их каждый день, когда я еду в метро
а также перед сном. Я общительный и любопытный человек. У меня есть
много интересов. Моё самое большое желание — это делать то, что мне
нравится
Translation:
My name is Andrey. I live in Saint-Ptersburg. I am 23 years old. I am 5th year
student (I study in an university) of an university and work in transportation
company. My native language is Russian, also I speak English and a little Spanish.
In free time I play piano and guitar. Also I am involved of sports: I do mountain
skiing and I go to gym. I love to read books, I read them everyday when I go
by metro and also at bedtime. I am communicable and curious person. I have
many interests My biggest dream is to do what I like.

Try to tell about yourself following all that you’ve learnt!

Notice: if you are 5—20, 25—30, 35—40, 45—50 … 95—100 years old and so
on, you have to say Мне 25 лет, for all another numbers: Мне 22 года.
LEVEL 2
 LESSON 16: PERFECTIVE ASPECT
OF VERBS AND ITS PREFIXES
In the previous level we considered the basic of the language, and in the Level
2 we are going to fill the gaps. So let’s start. In the Level 1 we considered only
imperfective aspect of verbs, but the perfective aspect is vital in Russian language.
Let’s consider the verb — ДЕЛАТЬ — to do and consider its perfective and
imperfective forms:
 Now we can see the prefixes С-, ДО-, ПЕРЕ-. Also, the perfective form can
be only in past and future tenses and in the infinitive, but not present tense!
So what is the difference between СДЕЛАТЬ, ДОДЕЛАТЬ, ПЕРЕДЕЛАТЬ? —
These verbs have different meaning. Sometimes dictionaries can show different
translations with different prefixes. But mostly verbs have relative meanings.
Let’s consider each prefix: First of all, remember what means the verb ДЕЛАТЬ —
to do, to make; С-, СДЕЛАТЬ — to have done, to make. Prefix С- means finished
action. ДО-, ДОДЕЛАТЬ — to complete, to have done, to finish. Prefix ДО- also
means finished action, but it also adds «to finish» to translation. ПЕРЕ-,
ПЕРЕДЕЛАТЬ — to do/make again. Usually the prefix ПЕРЕ- shows meaning
«to do… again» or to «overdo». It is analogue of english RE- or OVER- Notice that
all perfective verbs are conjugated the same as imperfective: Я СДЕЛАЛ (past), Я
СДЕЛАЮ (future) and so on.
EXAMPLES
Я ДЕЛАЮ ДОМАШНЮЮ РАБОТУ И ДОДЕЛАЮ ЧЕРЕЗ ЧАС I am doing
homework and I will finish in an hour;
ОН ИГРАЕТ, КОГДА ОН ДОИГРАЕТ? He is playing, when he finish to play?
Я ПЕРЕУСТАНОВЛЮ ПРОГРАММУ I will reinstall the programme.
ДАВАЙ ПЕРЕИГРАЕМ ЭТУ Let’s replay this game;
Я СДЕЛАЛ КАШУ, НО Я НЕ ДОДЕЛАЛ СУП I have made a porridge, but
I have not finished to make soup;
 Я ДОЖДАЛСЯ ЕЁ (infinitive — ДОЖДАТЬСЯ, reflexive verb) — I have waited
her (means that she has came);
There are many another prefixes, but these 3 are the most often used. Another
prefixes mostly just convert imperfective form to perfective in order to show
finished action. In order to feel distinction between imperfective and perfective
forms, just try to conjugate verbs from dictionary in perfective form. One
recomentdation: learning new verbs, try to memorize its imperfective and
perfective forms.
ЗАКАНЧИВАТЬ-ЗАКОНЧИТЬ
ГОТОВИТЬ-ПРИГОТОВИТЬ
ИГРАТЬ-ДОИГРАТЬ
ИГРАТЬ-СЫГРАТЬ (there is rotation И-Ы after prefixes sometimes, it is
a subject of writing grammar)
ВИДЕТЬ-УВИДЕТЬ
СМОТРЕТЬ-ПОСМОТРЕТЬ
ЖДАТЬ-ДОЖДАТЬ
ЖДАТЬ-ДОЖДАТЬСЯ
ЕСТЬ-ДОЕСТЬ
ЕСТЬ-ПЕРЕЕСТЬ
СПАТЬ-ДОСПАТЬ
СПАТЬ-ПОСПАТЬ
ПРОСЫПАТЬСЯ-ПРОСНУТЬСЯ (exception)
 LESSON 17: PERFECTIVE FORM
OF IMPERATIVE MOOD
In order to use the perfective form of imperative mood, you just need to add
a prefix. Sense of the perfective form of imperative mood is to give more
convincing command to do or to make something. Let’s take a look at the table
below:
The word Иди! (go!) is not used with perfective form
 Делай и доделай это! Do and finish it!
Переделай домашнюю работу! Redo your homework!
Переустанови операционную систему! Reinstall the operating system!
Переиграйте эту игру! Replay this game!
P.S. Imperative mood of word Спать (to sleep): Спи and Переспи mean
absolutely different things! (better do not use its perfective form if you don’t
know the meaning)
 LESSON 18: PARTICIPLES
In Russian language, as in all languages, we can build such sentences as for
example «A child playing in the sandbox wants to drink» where the word
«playing» is participle. In English we just add [-ing] to a verb, in Russian we add
suffixes. There are 2 types of participles: participle of present tense and participle
of past tense. It is easy to understand. Let’s consider the sentence given before as
a participle of present tense.
Our sentence: «A child playing in sandbox wants to drink» — Ребенок,
ИГРАЮЩИЙ в песочнице, хочет пить.
The word ИГРАЮЩИЙ is present tense participle. It is made from word
ИГРАТЬ (infinitive). We just add the suffix [ЮЩ] with ending [ИЙ] -ending
of masculine. Why we also add an ending? Because participle gives an answer
to the question «Какой?». Let’s consider some examples:
Девочка, ИГРАЮЩАЯ в песочнице, хочет пить. A girl playing in sandbox
wants to drink
Метро, РАБОТАЮЩЕЕ днём, не работает ночью. The metro working at day
doesn’t work at night
An example with a reflexive verb are formed the same:
Студент, УЧАЩИЙСЯ в университете. A student studying in the university.
 Молодой человек, НРАВЯЩИЙСЯ* ей. A young man liked by her (*-If you
forgot how to use the word НРАВИТЬСЯ in lesson 10 of level 1).
Тигр, КАЖУЩИЙСЯ* маленьким (*-infinitive: КАЗАТЬСЯ — to seem)
Have you deal with present tense participles? This time is to deal with past
tense participles. It differs from present tense ones only by suffix!
Let’s consider a similar sentence: «A child who was playing in sandbox wanted
to drink».
Ребёнок, ИГРАВШИЙ в песочнице, хотел пить. A child, who played
in sandbox wanted to drink.
Метро, РАБОТАВШЕЕ ночью. Metro that worked at night.
 LESSON 19: PARTICIPLES 2
In this lesson we will consider how to say «Having done this task, I began
to do another task» or «Doing that task I was thinking of another task». Without
long explanations, you need just to change ending and add certain case.
Part 1. First construction — «Having done». Note, verb in this construction is
always in perfective form!
Сделав — Having done
Рассказав — Having told
Описав — Having described
Cыграв — Having played (и is changed to ы in some words (e.g. играть), read
more in grammar lessons)
Посмотрев — Having looked at

As you see, you just have to change -ТЬ to В: СДЕЛАТЬ- СДЕЛАВ,

РАССКАЗАТЬ- РАССКАЗАВ and so on!
EXAMPLES
Сделав домашнюю работу, я пошёл гулять. Having done the homework,
I have gone to walk.
Приготовив еду, я съел её. Having made the food, I have eaten it.
 Посмотрев фильм, он пошёл спать. Having watched the film, he has gone
to sleep.
Part 2. You also can say «Doing something, I was thinking of something».
In this case the verb is in imperfective form, and you just have to change -ТЬ to Я.
Делая уроки, я отвлекался. Doing homework I was digressing.
Играя в футбол, он не падал. Playing football he didn’t fall.
Смотря телевизор, она засыпала. Watching TV she was falling asleep.

ДЕЛАТЬ — ДЕЛАЯ, ИГРАТЬ — ИГРАЯ, СМОТРЕТЬ — СМОТРЯ.

 LESSON 20: SHORT ADJECTIVES
Short adjectives — short version of full adjectives. It is used when we want
to speak faster. As full adjectives, these adjectives have gender and number but
can’t be changed by cases. How to shorten adjectives? Just cut off long ending!
There are some rules only for masculine:

change ending -ВЫЙ to -В:

КРАСИВЫЙ — КРАСИВ
КРАСИВАЯ — КРАСИВА
КРАВИВОЕ — КРАСИВО
КРАСИВЫЕ — КРАСИВЫ

— НЫЙ to -ЕН:
СКУЧНЫЙ — СКУЧЕН
СКУЧНАЯ — СКУЧНА
СКЙЧНОЕ — СКУЧНО
СКУЧНЫЕ — СКУЧНЫ

— КИЙ to -ОК: ГРОМКИЙ — ГРОМОК

 — РЫЙ to -Р: ДОБРЫЙ — ДОБР

— ХИЙ to -Х: ТИХИЙ — ТИХ

— ДОЙ to Д: МОЛОДОЙ — МОЛОД

— ВЫЙ to В: ЛАСКОВЫЙ — ЛАСКОВ

Notice, that not all adjectives can be shortened, for example the word
БОЛЬШОЙ can’t be shortened and all shortened adjectives are equal to full ones.

EXAMPLES
БЫСТРЫЙ: ОН БЫСТРЫЙ, ОНА БЫСТРА. He is fast, she is fast.
МЕДЛЕННЫЙ: ОН МЕДЛЕНЕН, ОНА МЕДЛЕННА. He is slow, she is slow.
ТИХИЙ: ПРИРОДА ТИХА, ЛЕС ТИХ. Nature is quiet, forest is quiet
КРАСИВЫЙ: ОНА КРАСИВА, ОН КРАСИВ. She is beautiful, he is handsome.
НАШ ДОМ ДОСТАТОЧНО БЛИЗОК. Our home is close enough.
ЭТА РЕКА ОЧЕНЬ ДЛИННА. This river is very long.
ЕГО СЕСТРА ОЧЕНЬ ТАЛАНТЛИВА. His sister is very talented.
ГИТАРА ОЧЕНЬ СТАРА. The guitar is very old.
ВНУК МОЕГО ДРУГА ОЧЕНЬ МОЛОД. Grandson of my friend is young.
 LESSON 21: POSSESSIVE CASE
Let’s consider this subject — the possessive case. It is gonna be easy because it
has certain analogue in English language! The complication of the subject is that
this case is not like the cases in Lessons 6, 7, 8 in Level 1. I would consider this
complication so: «This case adds ending and it can be declined by all another
cases after that». Probably it sounds complicated, so let’s learn it by practice!

What the possessive case really is? This is a case that shows belonging. It can
be used only with names and nouns!
Possessive case is the analogue of English ending [’s]. In Russian language
this case is used so: change the ending of a word in nominative case to [-ИН].
Mostly this case is used for words of family and names.
 Notice that native speakers use this case not with all nouns! For example
in ears of a native speaker «братин» (brother’s), «сестрин» (sister’s), «другин
(friend’s)» and other words sound weird!
In the beginning of this lesson I said such complicated phrase: «This case adds
ending and it can be declined by all another cases after that». Let’s consider what
I meant by an example of the word ПАПА — dad. ПАПА is in the nominative case
and ПАПИН is possessive case, now imagine that ПАПИН is new nominative
case of this word. So, decline it by cases:
ПАПИН nominative case
 ПАПИНОГО genitive case
ПАПИНОМУ dative case
ПАПИН accusative case
ПАПИНЫМ instrumental case
О ПАПИНОМ prepositional case

Also, do not forget about genders and plural: if you say for example «mom’s
bag» — it is МАМИНА СУМКА (feminine), dad’s documents — ПАПИНЫ
ДОКУМЕНТЫ (plural).
EXAMPLES
ПАПИН РЮКЗАК. Dad’s backpack.
ДЕДУШКИНА ПАЛАТКА. Grandad’s tent.
Я ЗАБЫЛ АНДРЕИН НОМЕР ТЕЛЕФОНА. I forgot Andrey’s phone number.
У МЕНЯ НЕТ НИКИТИНОГО НОМЕРА ТЕЛЕФОНА. I don’t have Nikita’s
phone number.
МОЙ ОТЕЦ ДОВОЛЕН НОВОЙ МАМИНОЙ МАШИНОЙ. My father is glad
for mom’s new car.
 LESSON 22: DIMINUTIVE
SUFFIXES
This form of words is very often used in Russian language. This is diminutive
suffix. In English language it also takes a small place, for example words like
kitten — kitty, green — greenish. There are many diminutive suffixes in Russian
language: ЕЧК, АЧК, ОЧК, ЧИК, ИК, КО, КА, ОК, ЧОК, ЧЕК, ЧК, Ч, ОЧЕК, ЖК,
ИНК, ЕНК, ЁНК and others. If you know Spanish language, there is the analogue
with postfixes -ito, -ita. Take a look how you can put them into many words:
ГОРОД — ГОРОДОК, ГОРОДОЧЕК city/town
БУТЫЛКА — БУТЫЛОЧКА bottle
ТЕЛЕФОН — ТЕЛЕФОНЧИК phone
ПИВО — ПИВКО beer
КОТ — КОТИК cat
ПОДАРОК — ПОДАРОЧЕК gift
КНИГА — КНИЖКА book
СТОЛ — СТОЛИК table
ЭКРАН — ЭКРАНЧИК screen
ПОЕЗДКА — ПОЕЗДОЧКА journey
 БИЛЕТ — БИЛЕТИК ticket
МОЛОКО — МОЛОЧКО milk
ДОРОГА — ДОРОЖКА road
ТРОПА — ТРОПИНКА path
БРАТ — БРАТИК brother
СЕСТРА — СЕСТРЁНКА sister
EXAMPLES
ПРОВОДНИК БУДЕТ ПРОВЕРЯТЬ НАШИ БИЛЕТИКИ. A ticket collector will
check our tickets
ПОЙДЁМ ПО ТОЙ ТРОПИНКЕ? Will we go by that path?
МОЙ МАЛЕНЬКИЙ БРАТИК НЕ ГОВОРИТ ПО-РУССКИ. My younger brother
doesn’t speak Russian
У МЕНЯ ЕСТЬ ДЛЯ ТЕБЯ ПОДАРОЧЕК НА НОВОГО ГОДА. I have a gift for
you for New Year
 LESSON 23: MORE ABOUT
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
In lesson 15 we have learnt degrees of comparison. And in this lesson we’ll
learn an addition to it. Without extra words, let’s look at the table and see what
we’re missing from lesson 15.
 САМЫЙ КРАСИВЫЙ — the most beautiful, and also one can say
КРАСИВЕЙШИЙ, it is equal.
САМЫЙ КРАСИВЫЙ = КРАСИВЕЙШИЙ
This is that addition you had to know! In order to use this form
of comparison — just change ending to [-ЕЙШИЙ] (m), [-ЕЙШАЯ] (f), [-ЕЙШЕЕ]
(n), [-ЕЙШИЕ] (pl). This is analogue of english ending [-est]. Here are examples:
КРАСИВЕЙШАЯ the most beautiful (feminine)
КРАСИВЕЙШЕЕ the most beautiful (neuter)
ЗЕЛЕНЕЙШИЙ the most green/the greenest
СИЛЬНЫЙ — СИЛЬНЕЙШИЙ strong — the strongest
СЛАБЫЙ — СЛАБЕЙШИЙ weak — the weakest
БОГАТЫЙ — БОГАТЕЙШИЙ rich — the richest
БЫСТРЫЙ — БЫСТРЕЙШИЙ fast — the fastest
БЫСТРЕЙШАЯ the fastest (feminine)
БЫСТРЕЙШЕЕ the fastest (neuter)
БЫСТРЕЙШИЕ the fastest (plural)
ALSO, if the adjective ends with [-КИЙ], change К to Ч:
ЛЕГКИЙ — ЛЕГАЙШИЙ easy — the easiest
ТОНКИЙ — ТОНЧАЙШИЙ thin — the thinest
ХРУПКИЙ — ХРУПЧАЙШИЙ fragile — the fragilest
 LESSON 24: REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
This subject is called «reflexive pronouns». In Enlgish language one can say
«myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves». In Russian
language there is an analogue — this is reflexive pronouns. Unlike English, it is
declined by cases and can be used with usual pronoun or without it. It is better
to learn this subject after all, when you are already confident with speaking using
all studied in lessons before.
Also, here is how to say«there is/there isn’t»: ЕСТЬ — there is/are, НЕТ —
there is/are not. To learn it more detailed — jump to lesson 14.
 EXAMPLES
Я САМ МОГУ СДЕЛАТЬ ЭТО I can do it by myself
ВЫ ХОТИТЕ ЗАРАБАТЫВАТЬ ДЕНЬГИ САМИ You want to earn money
yourselves
ОНИ ХОТЯТ ПОЛЬЗОВАТЬСЯ ИМИ САМИМИ They want to use themselves
ОНА СДЕЛАЕТ ЭТО САМА She will have to it by herself
ЕЙ ХОЧЕТСЯ ИГРАТЬ САМОЙ She wants to play herself
ЖУРНАЛИСТЫ ПИШУТ СТАТЬИ САМИ Journalists write articles
by themselves
 РАССКАЖИ МНЕ О МНЕ САМОМ Tell me about myself
МЫ НЕ ДОВОЛЬНЫ НАМИ САМИМИ We are not glad by ourselves
МОИМ ДРУЗЬЯМ САМИМ ХОЧЕТСЯ ВСТРЕТИТЬСЯ My friends want
to meet themselves
МОЕЙ СЕСТРЕ САМОЙ НУЖНО ПОЗВОРИТЬ МНЕ My sister needs to call
me herself
 LESSON 25: SUMMARIZING
In order to convince that previous 23 lessons were passed not uselessly, new
knowledges have to be used in practice. The text in this lesson contains
constructions from the previous lessons. Try to read it aloud and practice
pronunciation, try to read it again and again until you get confident you
understand the text!

Привет, меня зовут Сергей. Мне двадцать один (21) год. Я студент
Московского Государственного Университета. Я учусь на инженера
и в будущем хочу стать ученым. У меня есть брат и сестра, им двадцать два
(22) и двадцать четыре года (24). Мы живём в Москве, но мы родились
в Красноярске. Также у нас есть дача рядом с Москвой, иногда мы ездим туда
всей семьёй на выходные. Нам нравится путешествовать, летом мы ездим
с родителями на машине в разные интересные места. Мы уже посетили
много городов и несколько ближних стран. У меня есть много целей
и планов, и моя семья поддерживает меня. Однажды мой отец мне сказал:
«Живи собственную жизнь, и решай сам, как! Только не мешай это делать
другим!». Я уже выучил английский и испанский языки, и хочу выучить
больше языков, в том числе славянских. Славянские языки сложнее чем
романские и германские, но для носителей русского языка они гораздо
проще. Мне нравится ездить на велосипеде вместо общественного
транспорта. Мне кажется, что велосипед — это самый лучший транспорт для
меня, а так же самый быстрый, потому что в Москве очень много пробок.
Так же я люблю играть на саксофоне. Саксофон — это красивейший звук.
Если бы я мог, я бы играл на нём ночью, но ночью дома все спят. Я думаю,
что рассказав о себе, я должен рассказать также о своей семье. Но это уже
долгая история, и я не могу рассказать о своих родных сам, теперь пусть они
расскажут сами, а я тоже с удовольствием послушаю!
Желаю всем Вам успеха в изучении Русского языка!
Translation
Hello, my name is Sergey. I am 21 years old. I am a student of Moscow State
University. I study to be an engineer and in the future I want to become an
engineer. I have a brother and a sister, they are 22 and 24 years old. We live
in Moscow but we were born in Krasnoyarsk. Also we have a country house near
Moscow, sometime we go there with family for weekends. We like to travel, at
summer we go with parents by car to different interesting places. We have already
visited many cities and some close countries. I have many goals and plans and my
family supports me. Once father said me «Live own life, and decide by yourself
how! But don’t disturb others to do it!». I have already learnt English and Spanish
languages, and I want to learn more languages, including Slavic ones. Slavic
languages are more difficult than Romance and Germanic, but for native speakers
of Russian they are much easier. I like to ride bicycle instead of public transport.
I seem that bicycle is the best transport for me, and the fastest, because there are
a lot of traffic jams in Moscow. Also I love to play saxophone. Saxophone — it is
the most beautiful sound. If I could, I would play it at night, but at night everyone
sleep at home. I think that I have told about myself, I have to also tell about my
family. But it is already long story, and I can’t tell about my relatives myself, let
them do it by themselves, and I will listen with pleasure!
I wish everybody success in learning Russian language!

Dear Reader! If you have passed 25 lessons given in this book and understood
them (or most of them) — Then You’ve got stable language foundation. The
process of Russian language learning doesn’t end at this stage, You can improve
skills of this rich language forever! However, in order to get fluent, one must have
practice of live speaking. Get practice, be confident in theory, and get fluent as
soon as possible! Good luck and best wishes!
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
 LINKS

russian-1000words.pw this site is the father of this book. In the site you can
find a blog with interesting posts about Russian language, quizzes, chat, photos,
online radios, information, and the book store.
russian-1000words.pw/languagechat practice Russian language in the chat.
www.facebook.com/russianin25lessons facebook page of the book.
www.facebook.com/rusmultispeaking/ facebook page of the book and the
website russian-1000words.pw

cooljugator.com/ru/ a conjugator of Russian verbs.

morpher.ru/Demo.aspx a conjugator of nouns and adjectives by cases.
russian-1000words.pw/partnership contact the author.

To buy this book:

www.amazon.com/dp/B01A74965S Kindle edition
www.createspace.com/5982402 Paperback edition
Share the links if you like the book!
ALPHABET

And how it sounds:

 Simple rules of reading
Pronounce endings [-..го] like [-vo]. For example, the words КРАСИВОГО is
pronounced like [krasivovo].
Pronounce stressed O as it is, and pronounce not stressed O like A. For
example, the word МОЛОКО is pronounced like [malako] because stressed
syllable is [ко].
Pronounce endings [-..шь], [-..шься], [-чь] like there is not Ь there, for
example ДЕЛАЕШЬ — [delaesh]
The word Ч (ch) in the word ЧТО is pronounced as Ш (sh). ЧТО [shto].
There are not exact rules of stressed syllables. But usually (not always!)
stressed syllable in the middle of a word. So it is better to listen to radio or live
speech in order to hear correct pronunciation. Also, there are many words that
can be pronounced in both two or more ways.
The letter Е, Ё, И, Ю, Я soften consonants before them. For example, the word
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ one pronounces as [UNIV’ERS’IT’ET].
Soft sign Ь just soften a consonant and makes a diphthong. For example
КОМПЬЮТЕР — [KOMP’YUT’ER]. The difference between the syllables ПЬЮ and
ПЮ is that the first is with diphthong [P’YU] and the second is without — [P’U].
The hard sign Ъ leaves a previous consonant hard (doesn’t let to make it soft).
For example, ПОДЪЕЗД — [POD-EZD].
PHRASEBOOK
Общие фразы Common phrases

Как Ваши дела? How are you? (formal)

Хорошо, а у тебя? I am fine, and you? (formal)
Хорошо, а у Вас? I am fine, and you? (informal)
Спасибо! Thank you!
Не за что! You’re welcome!

Да Yes
Нет No

До свидания! Good bye! (formal)

Пока! Bye! (informal)

Извините! Excuse me!

Простите! I am sorry!
На здоровье! Cheers!
Как тебя зовут? What is your name? (informal)
Как Вас зовут? What is your name? (formal)

Меня зовут… My name is…

Приятно познакомиться! Nice to meet you!

Откуда ты? Where are you from? (informal)

Откуда Вы? Where are you from? (formal)

Я из… I am from…

Сколько тебе лет? How old are you? (informal)

Сколько Вам лет? How old are you? (formal)

Мне… лет I am… years old

Чем ты занимаешься? What do you do in life? (informal)

Чем Вы занимаетесь? What do you do in life? (formal)

Где ты учишься? Where do you study? (informal)

 Где Вы учитесь? Where do you study? (formal)
Что ты изучаешь? What do you study? (informal)
Что Вы изучаете? What do you study? (formal)

Ты говоришь по-русски/по-английски? Do you speak Russian/English?

(informal)
Вы говорите по-русски/по-английски? Do you speak Russian/English?
(formal)

Что значит …? What means …?

Как сказать …? How to say …?

Сколько время?/Который час? What time is it?

(пять) часов (five) o’clock

Шоппинг и деньги Shopping and money

Сколько стоит? How much is?

Я бы хотел… I would like
Вы принимаете карты? Do you accept cards?
Пожалуйста You’re welcome
Можно посмотреть это? Can I look it?
Это слишком дорого It is too expensive
Где можно поменять деньги? Where can I exchange money?

Транспорт Transport

Билет на одну поездку One ride ticket

Билет на две поездки Two rides ticket
Билет на девяносто минут A ticket for 90 minutes
Билет на сутки A ticket for one day (for 24 hours)
Билет на двое суток A ticket for two days (for 48 hours)
Сколько стоит билет в …? How much is a ticket to …?
Билет в одно сторону пожалуйста One-way ticket please
Билет туда и обратно пожалуйста Both ways ticket please
Автобус Bus
Троллейбус Trolleybus
Трамвай Tram
Метро Metro/subway/tube
Электрика Suburban train
Поезд Train
Самолёт Airplane
 Машина Car
Такси Taxi
Как доехать до …? How to get …?
Я бы хотел взять на прокат машину/велосипед I would like to rent
a car/bicycle

Еда Food

Какие тут национальные блюда? What national dishes there are here?
Пиво/кофе/чай пожалуйста Beer/coffee/tea please
Можно пожалуйста счёт? May I have a bill?
Очень вкусно! Very taste!
У меня аллергия на… I am allergic to…

Направления Directions

Это слева/справа/впереди/за углом It is left/girht/straight ahead/at the

corner
Как далеко …? How far is …?
Где банк/банкомат/почта/обменник/ Where is a bank/cash machine/post
office/exchange office?
 Где находится туристическая информация? Where is tourist
information?
Вы можете показать мне это на карте? Can you show me that on map?
Где (Американское) посольство/консульство? Where is (American)
embassy/consulate?

Размещение Accomodation

У меня есть бронь/резервация? I have a reservation

У вас есть свободный одноместный/двухместный номер? Do you have
a single/double room available?
Я бы хотел остановиться на… ночей I would like to stay for… nights

Здоровье и особые случаи Health and emergencies

Помогите! Help!
Мне нужен доктор/стоматолог/полицейский I need
a doctor/dentist/policeman
Рядом есть аптека? Is there a pharmacy nearby?
Вызовите скорую помощь/полицию! Call the ambulance/police!
DICTIONARY: NUMERALS
DICTIONARY: VERBS
DICTIONARY: NOUNS
DICTIONARY: ADJECTIVES
IRREGULAR VERBS