CWR-SAFE Software User Manual

U.S. Department of
Transportation CWR-SAFE Software User Manual
Federal Railroad
Administration

Office of Research
and Development
Washington, DC 20590

User Manual
December 2021
CWR-SAFE Software User Manual

NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the
Department of Transportation in the interest of information
exchange. The United States Government assumes no
liability for its contents or use thereof. Any opinions, findings
and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this
material do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the
United States Government, nor does mention of trade names,
commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by
the United States Government. The United States
Government assumes no liability for the content or use of the
material contained in this document.

NOTICE
The United States Government does not endorse products or
manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear
herein solely because they are considered essential to the
objective of this report.
 METRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS

ENGLISH TO METRIC METRIC TO ENGLISH

LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIMATE)
1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (cm) 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.04 inch (in)
1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters (cm) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in)
1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft)
1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilometers (km) 1 meter (m) = 1.1 yards (yd)
1 kilometer (km) = 0.6 mile (mi)

AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIMATE)

2 2
1 square inch (sq in, in ) = 6.5 square centimeters (cm ) 1 square centimeter (cm2) = 0.16 square inch (sq in, in2)
2 2
1 square foot (sq ft, ft ) = 0.09 square meter (m ) 1 square meter (m2) = 1.2 square yards (sq yd, yd2)
2 2
1 square yard (sq yd, yd ) = 0.8 square meter (m ) 1 square kilometer (km2) = 0.4 square mile (sq mi, mi2)
1 square mile (sq mi, mi2) = 2.6 square kilometers (km2) 10,000 square meters (m2) = 1 hectare (ha) = 2.5 acres
2
1 acre = 0.4 hectare (he) = 4,000 square meters (m )

MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE) MASS - WEIGHT (APPROXIMATE)

1 ounce (oz) = 28 grams (gm) 1 gram (gm) = 0.036 ounce (oz)
1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb)
1 short ton = 2,000 pounds = 0.9 tonne (t) 1 tonne (t) = 1,000 kilograms (kg)
(lb)
= 1.1 short tons

VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) VOLUME (APPROXIMATE)

1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (ml) 1 milliliter (ml) = 0.03 fluid ounce (fl oz)
1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (l) = 2.1 pints (pt)
1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (l) = 1.06 quarts (qt)
1 cup (c) = 0.24 liter (l) 1 liter (l) = 0.26 gallon (gal)
1 pint (pt) = 0.47 liter (l)
1 quart (qt) = 0.96 liter (l)
1 gallon (gal) = 3.8 liters (l)
1 cubic foot (cu ft, ft3) = 0.03 cubic meter (m3) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 36 cubic feet (cu ft, ft3)
1 cubic yard (cu yd, yd3) = 0.76 cubic meter (m3) 1 cubic meter (m3) = 1.3 cubic yards (cu yd, yd3)

TEMPERATURE (EXACT) TEMPERATURE (EXACT)

[(x-32)(5/9)] F = y C [(9/5) y + 32] C = x F

QUICK INCH - CENTIMETER LENGTH CONVERSION

0 1 2 3 4 5
Inches
Centimeters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

QUICK FAHRENHEIT - CELSIUS TEMPERATURE CONVERSION

°F -40° -22° -4° 14° 32° 50° 68° 86° 104° 122° 140° 158° 176° 194° 212°

°C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100°

For more exact and or other conversion factors, see NIST Miscellaneous Publication 286, Units of Weights and
Measures. Price $2.50 SD Catalog No. C13 10286 Updated 6/17/98

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Contents

Illustrations
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 10
2. User Login ................................................................................................................. 11
3. CWR-INDY ............................................................................................................... 13
3.1 CWR-INDY –User Inputs Fields .............................................................................. 13
3.2 CWR-INDY Buttons ................................................................................................. 15
3.3 Problem Title ............................................................................................................. 19
3.4 CWR-INDY Reporting Features ............................................................................... 20
3.5 CWR-INDY in Cell Phone Display .......................................................................... 23
4. CWR BUCKLE ......................................................................................................... 26
4.1 CWR-BUCKLE – User Inputs Fields ....................................................................... 26
4.2 CWR-Buckle Buttons ................................................................................................ 31
4.3 Problem Title ............................................................................................................. 37
4.4 CWR-BUCKLE Reporting Features ......................................................................... 38
4.5 CWR Buckle in Cell Phone Display ......................................................................... 54
5. CWR RISK ................................................................................................................ 58
5.1 CWR-RISK – User Inputs Fields .............................................................................. 58
5.2 CWR-RISK Buttons .................................................................................................. 63
5.3 Problem Title ............................................................................................................. 69
5.4 CWR-RISK Reporting Features ................................................................................ 70
5.5 CWR Risk in Cell Phone Display ............................................................................. 82
6. References ................................................................................................................. 86

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Illustrations

Figure 1. CWR SAFE Application, Web Address .................................................................. 11

Figure 2. CWR SAFE Website, Login Screen ....................................................................... 12
Figure 3. INDY Module Selection ............................................................................................ 13
Figure 4. INDY Module Data Entry Fields .............................................................................. 13
Figure 5. Drop-down Menu at the Indy Module ..................................................................... 13
Figure 6. Tooltip – Indy Module ............................................................................................... 14
Figure 7. Blue Half-lines Separating Entry Fields ................................................................. 14
Figure 8. Fastener Options After Selecting Concrete or Wood for Tie Type .................... 14
Figure 9. Anchoring Type Provided After ‘Cut Spikes’ Fastener Type Selection ............ 15
Figure 10. Ballast Type ‘Granite’ as Only Option for ‘Concrete’ Tie Type ........................ 15
Figure 11. Warning Message for Input out of Allowable Range ......................................... 15
Figure 12. INDY Module Button Display ................................................................................. 16
Figure 13. Default Values of All Entry Fields for INDY Module .......................................... 16
Figure 14. Table Indicating All Available Problem Titles...................................................... 17
Figure 15. Import Data Table with Saved Problem Titles .................................................... 18
Figure 16. Saved Problem Title Without Results .................................................................. 18
Figure 17. Importing a Problem Title ....................................................................................... 19
Figure 18. Deleting a Problem Title ......................................................................................... 19
Figure 19. Entry Field for Entering a Problem Title .............................................................. 19
Figure 20. Overwriting or Deleting an Existing Problem Title ............................................. 20
Figure 21. Results Summary Displayed After Running the Module ................................... 20
Figure 22. ‘Run Date’, ‘Run Time’, and ‘BUCKLING SAFETY ANALYSIS’ Sections ..... 21
Figure 23. Download PDF at Indy Module ............................................................................. 21
Figure 24. Display of Report Summary downloaded to PDF. ............................................. 22
Figure 25. Download CSV Icon under ‘Run Time’ ................................................................ 22
Figure 26. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Excel ............................. 23
Figure 27. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Notepad ........................ 23
Figure 28. Mobile App Display of INDY Module .................................................................... 24
Figure 29. ‘Import Data’ Table in Mobile App Display .......................................................... 24
Figure 30. Report Summary in Mobile App Display.............................................................. 25
Figure 31. Download CSV and PDF Icons in Mobile App Display ..................................... 25

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Figure 32. BUCKLE Module Selection.................................................................................... 26

Figure 33. BUCKLE Module Data Entry Fields ..................................................................... 26
Figure 34. Drop-down Menu at the Buckle Module .............................................................. 27
Figure 35. Tooltip – Buckle Module ......................................................................................... 27
Figure 36. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Rail Size Drop-Down Menu .............................. 27
Figure 37. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Vehicle Type Drop-Down Menu ....................... 28
Figure 38. Blue Half-lines separating Entry Fields................................................................ 28
Figure 39. Peak Resistance field editable (Ballast Type ‘Granite) ..................................... 29
Figure 40. Tie Lateral Force Displacement Data fields ........................................................ 29
Figure 41. Peak Resistance field (Ballast Type is not ‘User-defined’)............................... 30
Figure 42. Ballast Type is ‘User-defined’................................................................................ 31
Figure 43. Warning message for Input out of Allowable Range ......................................... 31
Figure 44. BUCKLE Module Button Display .......................................................................... 31
Figure 45. FPS (left) and Metric (right) Default Values of all Entry Fields for BUCKLE
Module ................................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 46. Table Indicating All Available Problem Titles...................................................... 33
Figure 47. Import Data Table with Saved Problem Titles .................................................... 34
Figure 48. Saved Problem Title Without Results .................................................................. 34
Figure 49. Importing Problem Titles ........................................................................................ 35
Figure 50. Warning Message When Importing Problems with Different Data Units........ 36
Figure 51. Warning Message When Importing Some Problems with no Results ............ 37
Figure 52. Deleting Problem Titles .......................................................................................... 37
Figure 53. Entry Field for entering a Problem Title ............................................................... 38
Figure 54. Overwriting or Deleting an Existing Problem Title ............................................. 38
Figure 55. Report Section Displayed ...................................................................................... 39
Figure 56. Gray Line Dragged Down to Show More Graph ................................................ 39
Figure 57. Gray Line Dragged Up to Show More Summary ............................................... 40
Figure 58. ‘Run Date’, ‘Run Time’, for ‘BUCKLING RESULTS’ Sections of the Report . 40
Figure 59. Drop-down Selections for Y-Axis .......................................................................... 41
Figure 60. Drop-down Selections for X-Axis .......................................................................... 42
Figure 61. Example of “Energy Required” as Y-axis ............................................................ 42
Figure 62. “Misalignment” Dashed Line within the Graph ................................................... 43
Figure 63. Default X-Axis Value ............................................................................................... 43

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Figure 64. Default Range (top) and Extended Range (bottom) .......................................... 44
Figure 65. Default Data (top) and All Data (bottom) ............................................................. 45
Figure 66. Data Annotations on (top) and off (bottom) ........................................................ 46
Figure 67. Zoomed Out (top) and Zoomed In (bottom) View of Graph ............................. 47
Figure 68. Results Summary .................................................................................................... 48
Figure 69. Multiple Results Report Displayed After Running the Module ......................... 49
Figure 70. Selecting a Problem Title to View Below Graph Summary .............................. 49
Figure 71. Removing Problem Title Curves within Graph Summary ................................. 50
Figure 72. Adding a Problem Title Graph Back to Graph Summary .................................. 50
Figure 73. Download PDF Icons – Buckle Module ............................................................... 51
Figure 74. View of Multiple Results PDF Download ............................................................. 51
Figure 75. View of Results Summary in PDF Download ..................................................... 52
Figure 76. Download CSV Icon to the Left of PDF Icon ...................................................... 53
Figure 77. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Excel ............................. 53
Figure 78. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Notepad ........................ 54
Figure 79. Mobile App Display of BUCKLE Module ............................................................. 54
Figure 80. ‘Import Data’ Table in Mobile App Display .......................................................... 55
Figure 81. Report Summary in Mobile App Display- swipe and scroll ............................... 56
Figure 82. Download CSV and PDF Icons in Mobile App Display ..................................... 57
Figure 83. RISK Module Selection .......................................................................................... 58
Figure 84. RISK Module Data Entry Fields ............................................................................ 58
Figure 85. Drop-down Menu at Risk Module ......................................................................... 59
Figure 86. Tooltip- Risk Module ............................................................................................... 59
Figure 87. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Rail Size Drop-Down Menu .............................. 59
Figure 88. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Vehicle Type Drop-Down Menu ....................... 60
Figure 89. Frequency Distribution Entry Fields ..................................................................... 60
Figure 90. Lateral Resistance Field expanded to reveal Data Table Entry Fields .......... 61
Figure 91. Lateral Resistance – Data Points and Frequency ............................................. 62
Figure 92. Blue Half-lines Separating Entry Fields ............................................................... 62
Figure 93. ‘Granite’ Ballast Type When Selecting ‘Concrete’ Tie Type ............................ 63
Figure 94. Selecting ‘Granite’ or ‘Slag’ Ballast Type ............................................................ 63
Figure 95. Warning Message for Input out of Allowable Range ......................................... 63

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Figure 96. RISK Module Button Display ................................................................................. 64

Figure 97. FPS (left) and Metric (right) Default Values of all Entry Fields for RISK
Module ................................................................................................................................. 65
Figure 98. Table Indicating All Available Problem Titles...................................................... 66
Figure 99. Import Data Table with Saved Problem Titles .................................................... 67
Figure 100. Saved Problem Title without Results ................................................................. 67
Figure 101. Importing Problem Titles ...................................................................................... 68
Figure 102. Warning Message When Importing Problems with Different Data Units ..... 68
Figure 103. Warning Message When Importing some Problems with no Results .......... 69
Figure 104. Deleting Problem Titles ........................................................................................ 69
Figure 105. Entry Field for Entering a Problem Title ............................................................ 70
Figure 106. Overwriting or Deleting an Existing Problem Title ........................................... 70
Figure 107. Report Section Displayed .................................................................................... 71
Figure 108. Gray Line Dragged Down to Show More Graph .............................................. 72
Figure 109. Gray Line Dragged Up to Show More Summary ............................................. 72
Figure 110. ‘Run Date’, ‘Run Time’ for ‘BUCKLING RISK’ Sections of the Report ......... 73
Figure 111. Data Annotations .................................................................................................. 73
Figure 112. Zoomed In (top) and Zoomed Out (bottom) View of graph ............................ 74
Figure 113. Default Display After Selecting “Reset Plot” Button ........................................ 74
Figure 114. Results Summary.................................................................................................. 75
Figure 115. Multiple Results Report Displayed After Running the Module ....................... 76
Figure 116. Selecting a Problem Title to View Below Graph Summary ............................ 77
Figure 117. Removing Problem Title ...................................................................................... 77
Figure 118. Adding a Problem Title Graph Back to Graph Summary ................................ 78
Figure 119. Download PDF Icons – Risk Module ................................................................. 79
Figure 120. View of Multiple Results PDF Download ........................................................... 80
Figure 121. View of Results Summary in PDF Download ................................................... 80
Figure 122. Download CSV Icon to the left of PDF Icon...................................................... 81
Figure 123. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Excel ........................... 82
Figure 124. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Notepad ...................... 82
Figure 125. Mobile App Display of RISK Module .................................................................. 83
Figure 126. ‘Import Data’ Table in Mobile App Display ........................................................ 83
Figure 127. Report Summary in Mobile App Display- Risk Module ................................... 84

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Figure 128. Download CSV and PDF Icons in Mobile App Display ................................... 85

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1. Introduction
CWR-SAFE is a web-based analysis program that calculates the buckling response of
CWR tangent and curved track due to thermal and vehicle loads. The software is
composed of three analysis modules called CWR-BUCKLE, CWR-INDY, and CWR-RISK.
CWR-BUCKLE performs buckling analysis, determines the allowable temperature
increase for buckling prevention, performs safety analysis to determine buckling safety
margin (BSM), and serves as a platform for the CWR-INDY and CWR-RISK modules.
Embedded in the software is a track quality-based safety criterion, which is used to
determine the allowable temperature increase or the safe temperatures for buckling
prevention.
CWR-INDY is a simplified version of CWR-BUCKLE, customized for easy industry use by
allowing for simple parameter inputs such as:
• Tie, fastener, and ballast type
• Crib and shoulder width
• Consolidation type and level
These input parameters are converted to their scientific numeric counterparts within the
program using empirical equations based on field test data. With the converted scientific
data, CWR- INDY predicts the same type buckling estimates as CWR-BUCKLE.
CWR-BUCKLE and CWR-INDY are deterministic models. The CWR-RISK module
provides a probabilistic analysis of track buckling. Statistical descriptors are used to
define the three important parameters: lateral resistance, neutral temperature, and lateral
alignment defect. With these input parameters, CWR-RISK predicts the probability of
buckling as a function of the rail temperature and allows for the evaluation of various risk
acceptance levels to be used in buckling prevention. These risk levels can be used for
the development of risk-based performance standards for CWR or the determination of
risk-based slow orders for hot weather operation.
The theory embodied in CWR-SAFE includes both deterministic and probabilistic
approaches; the latter was also used to develop risk-based safety limits for rail vehicle
operations at elevated rail temperatures. This includes mitigation measures, such as risk
index-based slow-order procedures.

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2. User Login
The CWR SAFE application is accessible from desktop devices using a web browser, as
well as on iOS or Android mobile devices. The web address is: [Link]
The application is optimized for the Google Chrome web browser, and it is recommended
that this browser be used when accessing the application from a desktop computer.
Simply type the web address into the browser.
On Android devices type “[Link]” in Chrome browser. On iOS phones type
“[Link]” in Safari browser.

Figure 1. CWR SAFE Application, Web Address

The user is asked to provide login information when accessing the application for the first
time from any device.

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Figure 2. CWR SAFE Website, Login Screen

The user should input the username and password that was provided for them. The
application will store the login information within the browser’s cache. The user will not
be asked to input the login information again when accessing the website form the
same device unless the browser cache was cleared or the password has been
changed.

The following sections describe the basis of the three modules in CWR-SAFE.

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3. CWR-INDY
The INDY module is defaulted when a user opens the CWR SAFE application.

Figure 3. INDY Module Selection

3.1 CWR-INDY –User Inputs Fields

On the desktop display, the user enters inputs into the fields at the left-hand side.

User Entries

Figure 4. INDY Module Data Entry Fields

Some options are selected from a drop-down menu. To open the drop-down menu, click
on the blue rectangular area for each field as shown In Figure 5. The menu will appear.

Click!
1

Figure 5. Drop-down Menu at the Indy Module

There is a yellow, italicized tooltip under each entry field that briefly explains the range
of values accepted by the program for that specific field.

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Figure 6. Tooltip – Indy Module

Some fields in the input form are grouped together with a blue, half-line separator.

Figure 7. Blue Half-lines Separating Entry Fields

Values within these fields are dependent on each other. For example, depending on
whether the Tie Type selected is ‘Wood’ or ‘Concrete’, the user will have different
options for Fastener Type. If the user selects ‘Wood’ for Tie Type, the menu for
Fastener Type includes ‘Pandrol’ and ‘Cut Spikes’. When user selects ‘Concrete’ for Tie
Type, the menu for Fastener Type includes ‘Pandrol’ and ‘McKay’:

Figure 8. Fastener Options After Selecting Concrete or Wood for Tie Type

The Anchoring Type field is only a valid selection when ‘Wood’ is selected for Tie Type
and ‘Cut Spikes’ is selected for the Fastener Type. Otherwise, the Anchoring Type field
will not appear as a selection to the user:

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Figure 9. Anchoring Type Provided After ‘Cut Spikes’ Fastener Type Selection

Ballast Type can only be ‘Granite’ if Tie Type is selected as ‘Concrete’. So, the user will
not be allowed to select ‘Slag’ in this instance:

Figure 10. Ballast Type ‘Granite’ as Only Option for ‘Concrete’ Tie Type

If the field’s entry is outside of the specified range, application will generate a warning :

Figure 11. Warning Message for Input out of Allowable Range

3.2 CWR-INDY Buttons

There are four buttons at the bottom of the form:
• Default
• Import Data
• Save

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• RUN

Figure 12. INDY Module Button Display

3.2.1 Default
When clicked, Default values will be entered to the fields automatically. Here are the
Default values for Indy module:

Figure 13. Default Values of All Entry Fields for INDY Module

3.2.2 Save
There are two types of save that will affect the ‘Import’ feature
• User can run the module and then save
OR
• User can save without running the module.

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When the module is saved after running the computation, the associated result report
will also be saved into database. The CWR-Safe application has 30 save slots for each
user. When the maximum of 30 save slots is reached the application prompts the user
to overwrite or delete an existing file to create a new saved entry. In a pop-up table, the
user can delete or overwrite any existing saved INDY, BUCKLE, or RISK entry. Only
one entry can be deleted, or overwritten, at a time.

Figure 14. Table Indicating All Available Problem Titles

3.2.3 Import Data

When clicking the Import Data button, the list of runs previously saved problems is
displayed.

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Figure 15. Import Data Table with Saved Problem Titles

The Result column indicates if the problem was saved after or before execution (i.e.,
after clicking the ‘Run’ button). Note in Figure 16, “demo2” was saved prior running the
buckling calculation.

Figure 16. Saved Problem Title Without Results

To Import, the user should check one of the boxes in the ‘Import’ field as shown in
Figure 17. Multiple imports are not possible in the Indy Module. Click the ‘Import’ button
when selection is complete:

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Figure 17. Importing a Problem Title

The user can also delete items from the list. To delete, check one of the boxes in the
‘Import’ field as shown Figure 18 and then hit Delete button.

Figure 18. Deleting a Problem Title

3.3 Problem Title

The Problem Title is the first input value the user will enter into the Indy Module. The
Problem Title has to be entered to allow module to run the calculation. When Problem
Title is not entered, the application will warn the user:

Figure 19. Entry Field for Entering a Problem Title

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The application prompts user to overwrite a ‘Problem Title’ if it matches any previously
saved Problem Title names.

Figure 20. Overwriting or Deleting an Existing Problem Title

3.4 CWR-INDY Reporting Features

3.4.1 Report Summary

Once the user has clicked the ‘Run’ button, the Indy Module performs the buckling
safety calculation and generates a report based on the user inputs. The results are
reported on the right-hand side of the Indy Module interface.

Figure 21. Results Summary Displayed After Running the Module

’Run Date’ at the upper left-hand corner displays the date when the report was
generated. Run Time in the upper-right hand corner provides a time stamp of the
generated report.

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Figure 22. ‘Run Date’, ‘Run Time’, and ‘BUCKLING SAFETY ANALYSIS’ Sections

3.4.2 Downloading Report as a PDF

The user has two options to download and view the report summary.

The first option is to download the report as a .pdf (Portable Document Format) file.
Click on the Adobe icon at the upper-right hand side of the screen under the report ‘Run
Time’ to generate a pdf file.

Figure 23. Download PDF at Indy Module

The pdf report file consists of two pages. The first page shown on the left in Figure 24
contains the input parameters and the ‘Run Date’ and ‘Run Time’. The second page
shown on the right in Figure 24 contains the results of the buckling safety analysis..

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Figure 24. Display of Report Summary downloaded to PDF.

3.4.3 Downloading Report as a CSV File

The second option is to generate a .csv (comma-separated value) file. Click on the
green spreadsheet icon at the upper-right hand side of the screen under the report ‘Run
Time’ to generate csv file.

Figure 25. Download CSV Icon under ‘Run Time’

Figure 26 shows the information contained in the csv file.

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Figure 26. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Excel

The same file viewed in Notepad is shown in Figure 27.

Figure 27. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Notepad

3.5 CWR-INDY in Cell Phone Display

Accessing the CWR-Safe application on a mobile device provides the same functionality
as desktop access. The user interface is adjusted to fit mobile devices.

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Figure 28. Mobile App Display of INDY Module

On the mobile device display, the entry fields and buttons work the same way as on
desktop. For example, Figure 29 shows the ‘Import Data’ menu.

Figure 29. ‘Import Data’ Table in Mobile App Display

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Click on the ‘Run’ button to perform the buckling safety calculation. The application will
generate a new section tile with the analysis results and automatically scroll down to it.
The user can scroll up and down to view the input fields or the report summary section.

Figure 30. Report Summary in Mobile App Display

The user can download the report summary in a csv or pdf file format by clicking the
green and red icons located under the ‘Run Time’ in the report summary section.

Figure 31. Download CSV and PDF Icons in Mobile App Display

For technical details for CWR-INDY module please refer to Track Buckling Prevention: Theory,
Safety, Concepts, and Applications report by Andrew Kish and Gopal Samevadam
(DOT/FRA/ORD-13/16)- Main section beginning at page 37

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4. CWR BUCKLE
On startup the CWR SAFE application defaults to INDY module. Click on “> Buckle”
button located at the top of the CWR SAFE application menu to access the BUCKLE
module.

Figure 32. BUCKLE Module Selection

4.1 CWR-BUCKLE – User Inputs Fields

The user enters inputs into the fields at the left-hand side of the desktop display.

User Entries

Figure 33. BUCKLE Module Data Entry Fields

Some options are selected from a dropdown menu. To open the dropdown menu, click
on the blue rectangular area for each field as shown in Figure 34. The menu will appear.

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Click!
1
Figure 34. Drop-down Menu at the Buckle Module

There is a yellow italicized tooltip under each entry field. The tooltip explains the range
of values accepted for that specific field.

Figure 35. Tooltip – Buckle Module

Some fields have an ‘User-Defined’ option. This allows users to enter specific numeric
inputs rather than selecting from predetermined options. Rail Size is one example of
field with User Defined input.

Figure 36. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Rail Size Drop-Down Menu

Another ‘User-Defined’ is available under Vehicle Type. ‘User Defined’ option in the
Vehicle Type input has a tooltip for acceptable value ranges:

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Figure 37. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Vehicle Type Drop-Down Menu

Some fields in the form are grouped together with a blue, half-line separator.

Figure 38. Blue Half-lines separating Entry Fields

Values within these fields are dependent on each other. For example, depending on
whether the Tie Type selected is ‘Wood’ or ‘Concrete’, the user will have different
options for Ballast Type. If the user selects ‘Wood’ for Tie Type, the menu for Ballast
Type includes ‘Granite’, ‘Slag’, and ‘User-defined Ballast Data’. If the user selects
‘Concrete’ for Tie Type, the menu for Ballast Type will include ‘Granite’ and ‘User-
defined Ballast Data’. A Slag Ballast Type cannot be chosen with Concrete Tie Type.
Depending on the Tie Type/Ballast Type selection, the user will have different input
options for the Tie Lateral Force Displacement Data. Some of the input data cannot be
edited by the user. They are set as the default values for the Tie Lateral Force
Displacement Data based on Tie Type/Ballast Type selection. The user may only edit all
fields when ‘User-defined Ballast Data’ was selected. The breakdown below indicated
what data appears with each type of selection:

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If Tie Type is ‘Concrete’:

Ballast Type options are:
• Granite
• User-defined ballast data
o If Ballast Type is selected as ‘Granite’, only the Peak/Resistance
field can be edited by the user within the Tie Lateral Force
Displacement Data.

Figure 39. Peak Resistance field editable (Ballast

Type ‘Granite)

o If Ballast Type is selected as ‘User-defined ballast data’, all fields

can be edited by the user within the Tie Lateral Force Displacement
Data.

Figure 40. Tie Lateral Force Displacement

Data fields

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If Tie Type is ‘Wood’:

Ballast Type options are:
• Granite
• Slag
• User-defined ballast data
o If Ballast Type is selected as ‘Granite’ or ‘Slag’, only the
Peak/Resistance field can be edited by the user within the Tie
Lateral Force Displacement Data.

Figure 41. Peak Resistance field (Ballast

Type is not ‘User-defined’)

o If Ballast Type is selected as ‘User-defined ballast data’, all fields

can be edited by the user within the Tie Lateral Force Displacement
Data.

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Figure 42. Ballast Type is ‘User-defined’

If the field’s entry is outside of the specified range, application will generate a warning:

Figure 43. Warning message for Input out of Allowable Range

4.2 CWR-Buckle Buttons

There are four buttons at the bottom of the form:
• Default
• Import Data
• Save
• RUN

Figure 44. BUCKLE Module Button Display

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4.2.1 Default
When clicked, Default values will be entered to the fields automatically. Here are the
Default values for Buckle module when selecting either foot-pound-second (FPS) or
Metric Units of measurement:

Figure 45. FPS (left) and Metric (right) Default Values of all Entry Fields for
BUCKLE Module

4.2.2 Save
There are two types of save that will affect ‘Import’ feature:
• User can run the module and then save
OR

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• User can save without running the module.

When the module is saved after running the computation, the associated result report
will also be saved into database. The CWR-Safe application has 30 save slots for each
user. When the maximum of 30 save slots is reached the application prompts the user
to overwrite or delete an existing file to create a new saved entry. In a pop-up table, the
user can delete or overwrite any existing saved INDY, BUCKLE, or RISK entry. Only
one entry can be deleted, or overwritten, at a time.

Figure 46. Table Indicating All Available Problem Titles

4.2.3 Import Data

When clicking the Import Data button, the list of runs previously saved is displayed.

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Figure 47. Import Data Table with Saved Problem Titles

The Result column indicates if the problem was saved after or before execution (i.e.,
after clicking the ‘Run’ button). In Figure 48, “problem4” was saved prior running the
buckling calculation.

Figure 48. Saved Problem Title Without Results

To Import, check one of the boxes in the ‘Import’ field as shown in Figure 49. Multiple
imports are possible in the Buckle Module. Click the ‘Import’ button when selection is
complete:

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Figure 49. Importing Problem Titles

The Result column must indicate ‘Yes’ and Data Unit has to be the same for Problem
Titles. Otherwise, application will produce a warning note. Figure 50 shows two
problems with saved results but different data units. These two problems cannot be
imported and overlaid together.

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Figure 50. Warning Message When Importing Problems with Different Data Units

Figure 51 shows two problems with the same units but with one without produced
results. These two problems cannot be imported and overlaid together until the
calculation is run for “problem4”.

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Figure 51. Warning Message When Importing Some Problems with no Results

The user can also delete items from the list. To delete, check one or multiple boxes in
the ‘Import’ field as shown in Figure 52 and then hit Delete button.

Figure 52. Deleting Problem Titles

4.3 Problem Title

The Problem Title is the first input value the user will enter into the Buckle Module. The
Problem Title must be entered to allow running the calculation. It also has to be unique
for the same ‘Data Unit’. Data Unit refers to the selected measurement units. When
Problem Title is not entered, the application will warn the user:

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Figure 53. Entry Field for entering a Problem Title

The application will prompt user to overwrite a ‘Problem Title’ if it matches any
previously saved Problem Title names for the same Data Unit.

Figure 54. Overwriting or Deleting an Existing Problem Title

4.4 CWR-BUCKLE Reporting Features

4.4.1 Report Summary

Once the user has clicked the ‘Run’ button, the Buckle Module performs the buckling
calculation and generates a report based on the user inputs. The results are reported on
the right-hand side of the Buckle Module interface. Like shown in Figure 55 below, the
report section of the CWR Buckle Module includes two main sections: Graphical (top)
and Summary (bottom).

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Figure 55. Report Section Displayed

A solid gray line separates the graphical and the summary sections of the report. The
user can drag the gray line up or down to adjust the relative size of the two sections.
Figure 56 and Figure 57 illustrate the resizing.

Figure 56. Gray Line Dragged Down to Show More Graph

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Figure 57. Gray Line Dragged Up to Show More Summary

4.4.2 CWR Buckle – Graph Report

The Graph Report shows one or multiple results based on user’s inputs. Figure 58
shows a display of one result.
’Run Date’ at the upper left-hand corner displays the date when the report was
generated. Run Time in the upper-right hand corner provides a time stamp of the of
generated report.

Figure 58. ‘Run Date’, ‘Run Time’, for ‘BUCKLING RESULTS’ Sections of the
Report

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The user can click on the axis’ labels to plot different parameters. The default parameter
for Y-axis is ‘Temperature Increase’, and ‘Buckling Deflection’ for X-axis. The
parameters to plot are:
• Buckled Half-Wavelength
• Force/Rail in Buckled Zone
• Buckling Deflection
• Temperature Increase
• Energy Required
• Rail Temperature

Figure 59. Drop-down Selections for Y-Axis

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Figure 60. Drop-down Selections for X-Axis

Click the ‘Reset Axes’ button, revert both axes back to the default settings, ‘Buckling
Deflection’ for X-axis and ‘Temperature Increase’ for Y-axis.

Figure 61. Example of “Energy Required” as Y-axis

The vertical, red-dashed line within the graph area represents the ‘Misalignment’ input.
By default, the results data it is plotted on the right side of the line.

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Figure 62. “Misalignment” Dashed Line within the Graph

By default, the X-axis scale is set up to maximum value of 9.

Figure 63. Default X-Axis Value

This means the plot is often not showing all the available data. Click ‘Extend Range’
button to display all available result data for on the right of the dashed line.

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Figure 64. Default Range (top) and Extended Range (bottom)

Click ‘Default Range’ button to return to the default axis scale setting. Click ‘Show All
Data’ button to also display all the data including results to the left of the vertical dashed
line.

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Figure 65. Default Data (top) and All Data (bottom)

Annotations on the graph displaying key buckling safety results. They can be turned off
by clicking the ‘Notation Off’ button.

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Figure 66. Data Annotations on (top) and off (bottom)

The user can also use the mouse scroll wheel to manually zoom in and out the plot.

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Figure 67. Zoomed Out (top) and Zoomed In (bottom) View of Graph

4.4.3 CWR Buckle – Summary Report

The summary section includes three subsections: ‘RESULTS SUMMARY’, ‘BUCKLING
SAFETY ANALYSIS’, and ‘BUCKLING RESPONSE DATA’.

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Figure 68. Results Summary

4.4.4 Multiple Results

In the Buckle Module, the user can import multiple problems and generate their
respective result reports. Figure 69 shows multiple color coded curves in the Graph
section associated with different problem. The color coded legend is displayed in the
top right corner of the plot.

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Figure 69. Multiple Results Report Displayed After Running the Module

The color-code legend includes radio button to select primary problem. The results
report for primary problem is shown in the results summary section. A problem can be
added or removed from display by clicking. A strikethrough will appear across the
problem title name when removed from display. Figure 70, Figure 71 and Figure 72
illustrate these functionalities.

Figure 70. Selecting a Problem Title to View Below Graph Summary

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Figure 71. Removing Problem Title Curves within Graph Summary

Figure 72. Adding a Problem Title Graph Back to Graph Summary

Problems removed from display are not included when exporting the results reports with
graphs to a .pdf [Link] file. Report summaries are exported to a .pdf [Link] file
regardless of whether the problems are removed from display or not.

4.4.5 Downloading Report as a PDF

The user has two options to download and view the report summary.

The first option is to download the report as a .pdf (Portable Document Format) file.
Click on the Adobe icon at the upper-right hand side of either the Graph or Summary
sections.

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Figure 73. Download PDF Icons – Buckle Module

If the user clicks on the .pdf tab in the graph section, both the graphs and summaries
will be exported. Click on the .pdf tab in the summary section, to only export the report
summaries.

Figure 74. View of Multiple Results PDF Download

Each problem’s results summary includes ‘INPUT DATA’, ‘RESULTS SUMMARY’,

‘BUCKLING SAFETY ANALYSIS’, and ‘BUCKLING RESPONSE DATA’.

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Figure 75. View of Results Summary in PDF Download

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4.4.6 Downloading Report as a CSV

The second option is to generate a .csv file. Click on the green spreadsheet icon at
the upper-right hand side of the summary section to generate csv file. Only the
summary section of the report can be viewed in this format.

Figure 76. Download CSV Icon to the Left of PDF Icon

The Figure 77 shows the information contained in the csv file.

Figure 77. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Excel

The same file viewed in Notepad is shown in Figure 78.

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Figure 78. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Notepad

4.5 CWR Buckle in Cell Phone Display

Accessing the CWR-Safe application on a mobile device provides the same functionality
as desktop access. The user interface is adjusted to fit mobile devices.

Figure 79. Mobile App Display of BUCKLE Module

On the mobile device display, the entry fields and buttons work the same way as on
desktop. For example, Figure 80 shows the ‘Import Data’ menu.

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Figure 80. ‘Import Data’ Table in Mobile App Display

All selections within these prompts behave the same way as in the desktop display.

Click on the ‘Run’ button to perform the buckling safety calculation. The application will
generate a new section tile with the analysis results and automatically scroll down to it.
The user can scroll up and down to view the input fields or the report graph and
summary section.

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Figure 81. Report Summary in Mobile App Display- swipe and scroll

The user can download the report summary in a csv or pdf file format by clicking the
green and red icons located at the top left of either the Graph or Summary sections of
the report.

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Figure 82. Download CSV and PDF Icons in Mobile App Display

For technical details for CWR-BUCKLE module please refer to Track Buckling Prevention:
Theory, Safety, Concepts, and Applications report by Andrew Kish and Gopal Samevadam
(DOT/FRA/ORD-13/16)- Main section beginning at page 31

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5. CWR RISK
On startup the CWR SAFE application defaults to INDY module. Click on “> Risk” button
located at the top of the CWR SAFE application menu to access the RISK module.

Figure 83. RISK Module Selection

5.1 CWR-RISK – User Inputs Fields

The user enters inputs into the fields at the left-hand side of the desktop display.

User Entries

Figure 84. RISK Module Data Entry Fields

Some options are selected from the drop-down menu. To open the drop-down menu,
click on the blue rectangular area for each field as shown in Figure 85. The menu will
appear.

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Click!
1
Figure 85. Drop-down Menu at Risk Module

There is a yellow italicized tooltip under each entry field. The tooltip explains the range
of values accepted for that specific field.

Figure 86. Tooltip- Risk Module

Some fields have an ‘User-Defined’ option. This allows users to enter specific numeric
inputs rather than selecting from predetermined options. Rail Size is one example of
field with User Defined input.

Figure 87. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Rail Size Drop-Down Menu

Another ‘User-Defined’ is available under Vehicle Type. ‘User Defined’ option in the
Vehicle Type input has a tooltip for acceptable value ranges:

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Figure 88. ‘User Defined’ Entry Fields in Vehicle Type Drop-Down Menu

Frequency Distribution is an additional field with three data entry subfields for the Risk
Module.

Figure 89. Frequency Distribution Entry Fields

When clicked, each of the three subfields, “Lateral Resistance”, “Misalignment

Amplitude”, and “Rail Neutral Temperature” opens to a table for input entry. The user
may enter up to 10 Data Points and Frequency values respectively. The entered
frequencies must all sum to 1.00.

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Figure 90. Lateral Resistance Field expanded to reveal Data Table Entry Fields

Figure 91 provides an example of the Lateral Resistance Data Table with valid entries.
The yellow, italicized tooltip under the data table explains the range of values for this
specific field. There is another tooltip data table entry criteria for “Misalignment
Amplitude” and “Rail Neutral Temperature”.

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Figure 91. Lateral Resistance – Data Points and Frequency

Some fields in the input forms are grouped together with a blue, half-line separator.

Figure 92. Blue Half-lines Separating Entry Fields

Values within these fields are dependent on each other. For example, depending on
whether the Tie Type selected is ‘Wood’ or ‘Concrete’, the user will have different
options for Ballast Type. If the user selects ‘Wood’ for Tie Type, the menu for Ballast
Type will include ‘Granite’ and ‘Slag’. If the user selects ‘Concrete’ for Tie Type, the
menu for Ballast Type will only include ‘Granite’. Slag Ballast Type cannot be chosen
with Concrete Tie Type. The breakdown below indicates what input is available with
each type of selection:

If Tie Type is ‘Concrete’:

Ballast Type option is:
• Granite

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Figure 93. ‘Granite’ Ballast Type When Selecting

‘Concrete’ Tie Type

If Tie Type is ‘Wood’:

Ballast Type options are:
• Granite
• Slag

Figure 94. Selecting ‘Granite’ or ‘Slag’ Ballast Type

If the field’s entry is outside of the specified range, application will generate a warning:

Figure 95. Warning Message for Input out of Allowable

Range

5.2 CWR-RISK Buttons

There are four buttons at the bottom of the form:
• Default
• Import Data

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• Save
• RUN

Figure 96. RISK Module Button Display

5.2.1 Default
When clicked, Default values will be entered to the fields automatically. Here are the
Default values for Risk module when selecting either FPS or Metric Units of
measurement:

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Figure 97. FPS (left) and Metric (right) Default Values of all Entry Fields for RISK
Module
5.2.2 Save
There are two types of save that will affect ‘Import’ feature:
• User can run the module and then save
OR
• User can save without running the module.

When the module is saved after running the computation, the associated report will
also be saved into database. The CWR-Safe application has 30 save slots for each
user. When the maximum of 30 save slots was reached the application prompts the

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user to overwrite or delete an existing file to create a new saved entry. in a pop-up
table, the user can delete or overwrite any existing saved INDY, BUCKLE, or RISK
entry. Only one entry can be deleted, or overwritten, at a time.

Figure 98. Table Indicating All Available Problem

Titles
5.2.3 Import Data

When clicking the Import Data button, the list of previously saved problems is displayed.

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Figure 99. Import Data Table with Saved Problem Titles

The Result column indicates if the problem was saved before or after execution (i.e.,
after clicking the ‘Run’ button). In the Figure 100 “Demo2” was saved prior running the
risk calculation.

Figure 100. Saved Problem Title without Results

To Import, check one of the boxes in the ‘Import’ field as shown in Figure 101. Multiple
imports are possible in the Risk Module. Click the ‘Import’ button when selection is
complete:

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Figure 101. Importing Problem Titles

The Result column must indicate ‘Yes’ and Data Unit has to be the same for multiple
Problem Title imports. Otherwise, application will produce a warning note. Figure 102
shows two problems with saved results but different data units. These two problems
cannot be imported and overlaid together

Figure 102. Warning Message When Importing Problems with Different Data Units

Figure 103 shows two problems with the same units but with one without produced
results. These two problems cannot be imported and overlaid together until the
calculation is run for “Demo2”.

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Figure 103. Warning Message When Importing some Problems with no Results

The user can also delete items from the list. To delete, check one or multiple boxes in
the ‘Import’ field as shown in Figure 104 and then hit Delete button.

Figure 104. Deleting Problem Titles

5.3 Problem Title

The Problem Title is the first input value the user will enter into the Risk Module. The
Problem Title must be entered to allow running the calculation. It also has to be unique
for the same ‘Data Unit’. Data Unit refers to the selected measurement units. When
Problem Title is not entered, the application will warn the user:

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Figure 105. Entry Field for Entering a Problem Title

The application will prompt user to overwrite a ‘Problem Title’ if it matches any
previously saved Problem Title names for the same Data Unit.

Figure 106. Overwriting or Deleting an Existing Problem Title

5.4 CWR-RISK Reporting Features

5.4.1 Report Summary

Once the user has clicked the ‘Run’ button, the Risk Module performs the buckling risk
calculation and generates a report based on the user inputs. The results are reported on
the right-hand side of the Risk Module interface. Figure 107 shows the report section of
the CWR Risk Module with two main sections, graphical on top and summary on the
bottom.

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Figure 107. Report Section Displayed

A solid gray line separates the graphical and the summary sections of the report. The
user can drag the gray line up or down to adjust the relative size of the two sections.
Figure 108 and Figure 109 illustrate the resizing.

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Figure 108. Gray Line Dragged Down to Show More Graph

Figure 109. Gray Line Dragged Up to Show More Summary

5.4.2 CWR Risk – Graph Report

The Graph Report can show one or multiple results based on user’s inputs. Figure 110
shows a display of one result.
’Run Date’ at the upper left-hand corner displays the date when the report was
generated. Run Time in the upper-right hand corner provides a time stamp of the of
generated report.

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Figure 110. ‘Run Date’, ‘Run Time’ for ‘BUCKLING RISK’ Sections of the Report

There are annotations within the graph. They can be turned off by clicking the ‘Notation
Off’ button.

Figure 111. Data Annotations

The user can also use the mouse scroll wheel to manually zoom in and out the plot.

Zoomed In

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Zoomed Out

Figure 112. Zoomed In (top) and Zoomed Out (bottom) View of graph

Clicking on the ‘Reset Plot’ button will revert to default display.

Figure 113. Default Display After Selecting “Reset Plot” Button

5.4.3 CWR Risk – Summary Report

The summary section includes a subsection labeled ‘BUCKLING RISK RESULTS

SUMMARY’ followed by its associated Problem Title, and the resulting values for ‘Rail
Temperature’ and ‘Probability of Buckling’.

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Figure 114. Results Summary

5.4.4 Multiple Results

In the Risk Module, the user can import multiple problems and generate their respective
result reports. Figure 115 shows multiple color-coded curves in the Graph section
associated with different problems. The color coded legend is displayed in the top right
corner of the plot.

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Figure 115. Multiple Results Report Displayed After Running the Module

The color-code legend includes radio button to select primary problem. The report for
primary problem is shown in the results summary section. Ae problem can be added or
removed from display by clicking. A strikethrough will appear across the problem title
when removed from display. Figure 116, Figure 117, and Figure 118 illustrate these
functionalities.

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Click

Figure 116. Selecting a Problem Title to View Below Graph Summary

Click

Figure 117. Removing Problem Title

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Click

Figure 118. Adding a Problem Title Graph Back to Graph Summary

Problems removed from display are not included when exporting the results reports with
graphs to a .pdf [Link] file. Report summaries are exported to a .pdf [Link] file
regardless of whether the problems are removed from display or not.

5.4.5 Downloading Report as a PDF

The user has two options to download and view the report summary.

The first option is to download the report as a .pdf (Portable Document Format) file.
Click on the Adobe icon at the upper-right hand side of either the Graph or Summary
sections.

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Click

Click

Figure 119. Download PDF Icons – Risk Module

If the user clicks on the .pdf tab in the graph section, both the graphs and summaries
will be exported. Click on the .pdf tab in the summary section, to only export the report
summaries.

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Figure 120. View of Multiple Results PDF Download

Each problem’s exported report includes ‘INPUT DATA’, and ‘BUCKLING RISK
RESULTS SUMMARY’.

Figure 121. View of Results Summary in PDF Download

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5.4.6 Downloading Report as a CSV

The second option is to generate a .csv file. Click on the green spreadsheet icon at
the upper-right hand side of the summary section to generate csv file. Only the
summary section of the report can be viewed in this format.

Click

Figure 122. Download CSV Icon to the left of PDF Icon

The Figure 123 shows the information contained in the csv file.

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Figure 123. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Excel

The same file viewed in Notepad is shown in Figure 124.

Figure 124. Display of Report Summary Downloaded as CSV in Notepad

5.5 CWR Risk in Cell Phone Display

Accessing the CWR-Safe application on a mobile device provides the same functionality
as desktop access. The user interface is adjusted to fit mobile devices.

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Figure 125. Mobile App Display of RISK Module

On the mobile device display, the entry fields and buttons work the same way as on
desktop. For example, Figure 126 shows the ‘Import Data’ menu.

Figure 126. ‘Import Data’ Table in Mobile App Display

All selections within these prompts will behave the same way as in the desktop display.

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Click on the ‘Run’ button to perform the buckling risk calculation. The application will
generate a new section tile with the analysis results and automatically scroll down to it.
The user can scroll up and down to view the input fields or the report graph and
summary section.

Swipe!

Scroll!

Figure 127. Report Summary in Mobile App Display- Risk Module

The user can download the report summary in a csv or pdf file format by clicking the
green and red icons located at the top left of either the Graph or Summary sections of
the report.

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Click

Click

Figure 128. Download CSV and PDF Icons in Mobile App Display

For technical details for CWR-RISK module please refer to Track Buckling Prevention: Theory,
Safety, Concepts, and Applications report by Andrew Kish and Gopal Samevadam
(DOT/FRA/ORD-13/16)- Main section beginning at page 45

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6. References

1. Kish, A., Samavedam, G., “Track Buckling Prevention: Theory, Safety Concepts,
and Applications”, DOT/FRA/ORD-16/13, March 2013, Washington, DC

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