RAILWAY ENGINEERING (CENG 5412)

CHAPTER 7
ORGANIZATION OF TRAIN OPERATION
Chapter 7 Organization of Train Operation
Train formation
Organization of car flow and fright train
formation plan
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 Train Diagram & Carrying capacity
 7.1 Train Formation
Definition, Classification & Number of Train

The train refers to the marshalling train set with locomotive and
prescriptive train signs.
Classification of the train according to the nature of
transportation
1. Passenger train (express, fast and ordinary passenger train)
2. Mail and parcel train (express, fast mail, baggage and parcel
train)
3. Troop train
4. Freight train (five out scheduled, express, heavy-duty,
through, direct, insulated, self-owned vehicle,
district, pickup, overrun and exchange train)
5. Service train
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Classification according to the place and driving distance of
formation
 Through train (through train originated from one loading
point, coal direct, oil direct, through train with empty cars,
technical through train)
 Direct train
 District train
 Pickup and drop train
 Exchange train (district exchange train, junction terminal
transfer train)
 Short-haul train

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 Marshalling unloading Distract
Marshalling loading
Distract station station station station
station station

Through train

Through train originated

from ones loading point

Technical through train

Through train

District freight train

Pick-up and drop train

Exchange train

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Classification according to features and applications of transportation：
 Five out schedule
 Express freight train
 Overrun train
 Heavy haul train
 Insulated train
 Self-owned train

Classification according to train numbers and formation methods

Single group train
 Group train

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Train number
1. In order to identify the nature and grade of the train, and
to facilitate the train organization and management, each
train is labeled particular number which is called train
number.
2. Trains that are bound for capital and driving from the
branch to the main are up train, labeled double train
number; whereas, the trains are down train, labeled
single train number.

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 The main classification and numbers of freight train
S
train types Nature or purpose numbers
N

Through train The train which In a loading station or several stations after the
1 originated from ones grouping, and through a or above marshalling yard train operations 85001~85998
loading point
without adaptation.

2
Technical through The train which in technical points in the organization， through a or 10001~19998
train above marshalling yard train operations without adaptation.

3
Through freight The train which in technical points in the organization， through a or 20001~29998
train above section of the station operations without adaptation.
The train which in technical points in the organization， reach the
4 District freight train adjacent technology station, do not make Vehicles Abstract hanging 30001~39998
jobs within the section
The train which in technical points in the organization，and make
Pick-up and drop
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train Vehicles Abstract hanging jobs at intermediate station in adjacent 40001~44998
intervals.

6 Exchange train train travels at each station in inner-bureau 45001~49998

Overweight freight
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train The train which total traction weightsmore than 5000t 71001~72998

8 “Five fixed” train Fixed, fixed line, fixed trips, timing, pricing cargo direct express trains 80001~81998

9 Fast freight train

The car used to transport Fresh perishable and emergency operation 82701~82798
cargo quickly 8
 Organization of Car Flow and Freight
Train Formation Plan

Car flow and Train flow

 Car flow—the collections of vehicles with some
destination by railway transport. When it comes to traffic
flow, we use number of passing vehicles in one day to
calculate
 Train flow—the collection of trains with some destination.

Traffic flow and train flow are called transport flow totally

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• Organizing the goods traffic into traffic flow is the main
problem to resolve;

• managing traffic flow into train flow is the main task of freight
train formulation plan (for short “train formulation plan” or
“formulation plan”);

• while the organization of train flow which manipulate the train

traffic order mainly depend on the train diagram to accomplish
the task.

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The definition of car flow organization
– Converting the car flow into train flow is called wagon
flow organization;
– Accordingly, the plan of converting the wagon flow
into train flow is called formulation plan. Specifically,
wagon flow organization mainly resolves two
problems:
（1）How to marshal trains in every direction of
road network
 （2）Every branch absorbs what kind of wagon
flow

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Common operations of car flow organization
Freight flow
In a certain period, freight flow is formed by transporting
goods from the place of dispatch to place of delivery。
1. Freight volume
The total sum of goods delivered from every station, is
also the total sum of flow volume from each branch,

N   Ni   n j （t）
At the formula： Ni —goods tonnage of each station, t;
nj —freight volume of each branch, t
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2. Density of freight traffic：
The total sum of goods traffic through every district, that is:
D   Di （t）
Where Di —Goods traffic through every district, t

3. Freight turnover：
The total sum of a product of the density of freight traffic and
length in every district
T   Di Li （t  km）

where：Li —Length in every district，km；

Di —Freight flow volume through every district，t；

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4.Average haul of freight traffic
The ratio of freight turnover and freight volume
T
S （km）
N

Where T—tonnage of freight of every station, t；

N —freight flow volume of every branch, t。

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 Fright Train Formation Plan
Content of formulation plan
The questions resolved by formulation plan:
（1）which stations to formulate;
（2）planning trains with corresponding stations;
(3）what kind of trains to be marshaled
（4）what direction of car flow can be marshaled
（5）the way to marshal the wagon flow into train
mixed unit train or grouping; group with station;
formulation with order of stations
（6）Arrange different train numbers

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 7.3 Train Diagram and Carrying Capacity of Line
Train diagram is to indicate the range of operating trains and
in railway stations or through the time to send the technical
file, which provides train occupies the interval procedures,
train arrival and departure of each station (or through)
time, the train in the run-time interval, the train stops at the
station and the locomotive routing time, weight and length
of trains, train the whole way the basis of the organization
Function
① railway enter the market, competing products in the market;
② railway transport enterprises to train safe, on-time operation
and cost-effective to organize the work of the train rail
transport production plans;
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 Carrying Capacity of Line
1.Definition
In the conditions of using certain types of rolling stock and
certain train operation organizational methods, the maximum
number of trains can be passed by a variety of fixed equipment in
railway section in unit time (usually one night)

2.Classification：
• Designed carrying capacity
• Existing carrying capacity
• Required passing capacity

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• The carrying capacity of the block Section can be
calculated according to the following fixed equipment ：
Block section
station
Depot equipment and conditioning
equipment
Water supply equipment
Electrified railway power supply equipment

The carrying capacity calculated by fixed equipment above

may be varied. The weakest capacity of fixed equipment
limits the capacity of the entire section, the capacity is the
final carrying capacity of the block section.
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 Ways of strengthening carrying capacity
To meet the demand, railways should take measures to
strengthen the railway carrying capacity mainly by:

-Expanding the railway network length

-Improving the weight of the train
-Increasing the traffic density

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 7.4 Organization of Station Operation

Receiving-departure operation
Blocking device: To ensure trains run at section (or
blocking section) intervals, only one train in the same
section is allowed to run in a main line at the same
time, preventing that the trains in the same direction
run into each other or that the trains in the opposite
directions make collision .

The technical equipment to achieve this requirement is

called blocking devices.
 Train route: The path in a station occupied by the train
when it arrives, departure or passing through the
station is called train route
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The operations required：
（1）Carry on section block；
（2）Ready the route for receiving-departure；
（3）Open and close home signal or starting signal；
（4）Pass the running taken when not using semi-
automatic block and automatic block);
（5）Receive or send trains and instruct train departure

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 Shunting operation of stations

• The tuning-shifting of rolling stock in rail transportation

can be divided into two categories:
Those operations which run across the site is called
"train's running work".
 Those tuning-shifting operations done in the station
or outside of that range but not in another station is
called "shunting work“.
Shunting operation plan is the specific action plans which explain how
to break up, marshal, receive or send or pick-up and drop trains for
shunting groups. Shunting operation should be done based on the
shunting operation plan.
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 Break-up shunting
Marshalling shunting
1.Classified by Pick-up and drop shunting
the purpose
Receive or send vehicles shunting
Other shunting

lead track shunting

2.classified by
the devices
hump shunting
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 Station daily operating plan
Definition
Station daily operating plan Includes shift operating plan,
stage operating plan and Shunting operation plan .

shift operating plan

1、the contents of the shift operating plan：
（1）receiving plan
（2）departure plan
（3）car loading,car unloading and Emptying plan
（4）Shift work index
（5）Key tasks and higher-level indicators 24
• stage operating plan
Stage operating plan mainly solves the following three
questions :
1、Determine the source cars of starting train
2、Shunting locomotive plan
（1）hump locomotive
（2）lead track locomotive
（3）locomotive to receive or send vehicles
3、 Receiving-departure track operating plan
（1）using receiving-departure track compactly
（2）reduce cross-interference

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 Key indicators of station work
1. Indicators of the Numbers
Number of Loading and unloading cars
Tonnage of cargo sent，
Number of Sending and receiving trains and cars
Number of inbound and outbound car handled
2. Quality indicators
Remain time of a goods vehicle
Average remain time of transit trains
Punctuality rate of freight trains at departure

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 Railway Traffic Production Plan
and Railway Traffic Control
Railway transportation production plan
Railway transportation production plan is divided
into long-term plans, annual plans and monthly plans
according to its preparation period ,and is made up of
month Railway goods transportation plan and Railway
transportation technical plan.
key comprehensive index of Rail transport
1.Railway transport density：
2.Truck turnaround time：
3.Freight locomotives's product per day：
4.Tonne-kilometer cost of conversion： 27
Rail transport Dispatching
Basic tasks：
• Proper organization of transportation and production,
guarantee or exceed transportation and production tasks
and technical indicators.
At the same time, the vehicle distribution and the
composition of traffic must be in the normal range as
technical plan requires.

In daily railway dispatching work, traffic dispatching and

train dispatching are scheduled to the entire core. 28
Thank you Very Much!

Mequanent M.
(AAiT)
May, 2013
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