Control Flow Statements
The flow control statements are divided into three categories
1. Conditional statements
2. Iterative statements.
3. Transfer statements
Python control flow statements
Conditional statements
In Python, condition statements act depending on whether a given
condition is true or false. You can execute different blocks of codes
depending on the outcome of a condition. Condition statements
always evaluate to either True or False.
There are three types of conditional statements.
1. if statement
2. if-else
3. if-elif-else
4. nested if-else
Iterative statements
In Python, iterative statements allow us to execute a block of code
repeatedly as long as the condition is True. We also call it a loop
statements.
Python provides us the following two loop statement to perform some
actions repeatedly
1. for loop
2. while loop
Transfer statements
In Python, transfer statements are used to alter the program’s way of
execution in a certain manner. For this purpose, we use three types of
transfer statements.
1. break statement
2. continue statement
3. pass statements
If statement in Python
In control statements, The if statement is the simplest form. It takes a
condition and evaluates to either True or False.
If the condition is True, then the True block of code will be executed,
and if the condition is False, then the block of code is skipped, and
The controller moves to the next line
Syntax of the if statement
if condition:
statement 1
statement 2
statement n
Python if statements
Let’s see the example of the if statement. In this example, we will
calculate the square of a number if it greater than 5
Example
number = 6
if number > 5:
# Calculate square
print(number * number)
print('Next lines of code')
Output
36
Next lines of code
If – else statement
The if-else statement checks the condition and executes the if block of
code when the condition is True, and if the condition is False, it will
execute the else block of code.
Syntax of the if-else statement
if condition:
statement 1
else:
statement 2
If the condition is True, then statement 1 will be executed If the
condition is False, statement 2 will be executed. See the following
flowchart for more detail.
Python if-else statements
Example
password = input('Enter password ')
if password == "PYnative@#29":
print("Correct password")
else:
print("Incorrect Password")
Output 1:
Enter password PYnative@#29
Correct password
Output 2:
Enter password PYnative
Incorrect Password
Chain multiple if statement in Python
In Python, the if-elif-else condition statement has an elif blocks to
chain multiple conditions one after another. This is useful when you
need to check multiple conditions.
With the help of if-elif-else we can make a tricky decision.
The elif statement checks multiple conditions one by one and if the
condition fulfills, then executes that code.
Syntax of the if-elif-else statement:
if condition-1:
statement 1
elif condition-2:
stetement 2
elif condition-3:
stetement 3
...
else:
statement
Example
def user_check(choice):
if choice == 1:
print("Admin")
elif choice == 2:
print("Editor")
elif choice == 3:
print("Guest")
else:
print("Wrong entry")
user_check(1)
user_check(2)
user_check(3)
user_check(4)
Output:
Admin
Editor
Guest
Wrong entry
Nested if-else statement
In Python, the nested if-else statement is an if statement inside
another if-else statement. It is allowed in Python to put any number
of if statements in another if statement.
Indentation is the only way to differentiate the level of nesting. The
nested if-else is useful when we want to make a series of decisions.
Syntax of the nested-if-else:
if conditon_outer:
if condition_inner:
statement of inner if
else:
statement of inner else:
statement ot outer if
else:
Outer else
statement outside if block
Example: Find a greater number between two numbers
num1 = int(input('Enter first number '))
num2 = int(input('Enter second number '))
if num1 >= num2:
if num1 == num2:
print(num1, 'and', num2, 'are equal')
else:
print(num1, 'is greater than', num2)
else:
print(num1, 'is smaller than', num2)
Output 1:
Enter first number 56
Enter second number 15
56 is greater than 15
Output 2:
Enter first number 29
Enter second number 78
29 is smaller than 78
Single statement suites
Whenever we write a block of code with multiple if statements,
indentation plays an important role. But sometimes, there is a
situation where the block contains only a single line statement.
Instead of writing a block after the colon, we can write a statement
immediately after the colon.
Example
number = 56
if number > 0: print("positive")
else: print("negative")
Similar to the if statement, while loop also consists of a single
statement, we can place that statement on the same line.
Example
x=1
while x <= 5: print(x,end=" "); x = x+1
Output
12345
for loop in Python
Using for loop, we can iterate any sequence or iterable variable. The
sequence can be string, list, dictionary, set, or tuple.
Python for loop
Syntax of for loop:
for element in sequence:
body of for loop
Example to display first ten numbers using for loop
for i in range(1, 11):
print(i)
Output
1
10
While loop in Python
In Python, The while loop statement repeatedly executes a code block
while a particular condition is true.
In a while-loop, every time the condition is checked at the beginning
of the loop, and if it is true, then the loop’s body gets executed. When
the condition became False, the controller comes out of the block.
Python while loop
Syntax of while-loop
while condition :
body of while loop
Example to calculate the sum of first ten numbers
num = 10
sum = 0
i=1
while i <= num:
sum = sum + i
i=i+1
print("Sum of first 10 number is:", sum)
Output
Sum of first 10 number is: 55
Break Statement in Python
The break statement is used inside the loop to exit out of the loop. It
is useful when we want to terminate the loop as soon as the condition
is fulfilled instead of doing the remaining iterations. It reduces
execution time. Whenever the controller encountered a break
statement, it comes out of that loop immediately
Let’s see how to break a for a loop when we found a number greater
than 5.
Example of using a break statement
for num in range(10):
if num > 5:
print("stop processing.")
break
print(num)
Output
4
5
stop processing.
Continue statement in python
The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration
and continue with the next iteration.
Let’s see how to skip a for a loop iteration if the number is 5 and
continue executing the body of the loop for other numbers.
Example of a continue statement
for num in range(3, 8):
if num == 5:
continue
else:
print(num)
Output
7
Pass statement in Python
The pass is the keyword In Python, which won’t do anything.
Sometimes there is a situation in programming where we need to
define a syntactically empty block. We can define that block with the
pass keyword.
A pass statement is a Python null statement. When the interpreter
finds a pass statement in the program, it returns no operation. Nothing
happens when the pass statement is executed.
It is useful in a situation where we are implementing new methods or
also in exception handling. It plays a role like a placeholder.
Example
months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']
for mon in months:
pass
print(months)
Output
['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']
