Design Calculations for Pneumatic

Conveying

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Posted in:
Forums » Pneumatic Conveying » Pneumatic Conveying
, on 22. Apr. 2005 - 01:33

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in
href="https://who.bulk-online.com/profile/2-reinhard-h-wohlbier.html" target="blank">Powder
Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-based calculation
method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for improving the
performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email:

href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Picture added by Adinistrator as an example:

href="https://forum.bulk-online.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=42181&d=1415730847"
id="attachment42181" rel="Lightbox14426" target="blank"> ■

CONVEYING
TRANSPORT
PNEUMATIC CONVEYING
DILUTE PHASE CONVEYING
CONVEYING MODES
HANDLING
ENGINEERING & CONSULTING SERVICES
SERVICES

Replies
Login to add a Reply

Marlon Mangubat
design Engineer
hwcarlsen

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 5. Mar. 2010 - 09:33

Dear Mr. Agarwal,

Thank you for the article that you sent to me, it is a help for me, i can use it to validate a design.

more power to you,

Marlon M

HWC ■

Marlon Mangubat
design Engineer

hwcarlsen

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 5. Mar. 2010 - 09:33

Dear Mr. Agarwal,

Thank you for the article that you sent to me, it is a help for me, i can use it to validate a design.

more power to you,

Marlon M

HWC ■

Sanjay.ksg
(not verified)
Theory And Design Of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems"
Posted on 6. Mar. 2010 - 10:38

Dear Amrit T. Agarwal,

I,m interested in pnumatic conveying system and recently join this forum. I'll be grateful to you
if you can send the article to me.

I'm particularly intersted in air slide design calculation.

If you can help me out on this topic.

My e-mail is [email protected]

Thanks.

Sanjay

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-
based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for
improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

■

Sanjay.ksg
(not verified)
Theory And Design Of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems"
Posted on 6. Mar. 2010 - 10:38

Dear Amrit T. Agarwal,

I,m interested in pnumatic conveying system and recently join this forum. I'll be grateful to you
if you can send the article to me.

I'm particularly intersted in air slide design calculation.

If you can help me out on this topic.

My e-mail is [email protected]

Thanks.

Sanjay

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-
based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for
improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

■
Annonymous-6425
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 6. Mar. 2010 - 05:15

Many thanks for the article Amrit. It is well detailed and a great reference.

Cheers ■

Annonymous-6425
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 6. Mar. 2010 - 05:15

Many thanks for the article Amrit. It is well detailed and a great reference.

Cheers ■

Annonymous-6643
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 8. Mar. 2010 - 09:22
Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal
My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-
based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for
improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Dear Mr. Amrit Agarwal,

Thank you very much for sending me the article. It is really very good one. I have made my own
excel calculation based on your paper. I would like to know whether the same methodology can
be used for calculating Dense Phase Conveying system?. How to calculate Solid/Gas ratio if
actual Gas flow rate is not known?.

Regds,

Thennarasu. ■

Annonymous-6643
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 8. Mar. 2010 - 09:22
Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal
My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-
based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for
improving the performance of existing conveying systems.
Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Dear Mr. Amrit Agarwal,

Thank you very much for sending me the article. It is really very good one. I have made my own
excel calculation based on your paper. I would like to know whether the same methodology can
be used for calculating Dense Phase Conveying system?. How to calculate Solid/Gas ratio if
actual Gas flow rate is not known?.

Regds,

Thennarasu. ■

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 8. Mar. 2010 - 11:07

Dear Thennarasu,

The Solid/Gas ratio (SLR) is defined as :

SLR = material flow / gas flow

Apparently, you know the material flow.

One equation with two unknown variables cannot be solved.

The only way out is to assume one of the two unknown variables and calculate the remaining
variable.

Whether you assumed the right value for your application has to be checked with a full
pneumatic conveying installation calculation.

If your guess was wrong, the full calculation fails or results in unwanted velocities, pressures or
else, then a new assumption, followed by a recalculation is required.

This is an iteration process.

What is your interpretation of dense- and dilute pneumatic conveying?

Take care

Teus ■

Teus

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 8. Mar. 2010 - 11:07

Dear Thennarasu,

The Solid/Gas ratio (SLR) is defined as :

SLR = material flow / gas flow

Apparently, you know the material flow.

One equation with two unknown variables cannot be solved.

The only way out is to assume one of the two unknown variables and calculate the remaining
variable.

Whether you assumed the right value for your application has to be checked with a full
pneumatic conveying installation calculation.
If your guess was wrong, the full calculation fails or results in unwanted velocities, pressures or
else, then a new assumption, followed by a recalculation is required.

This is an iteration process.

What is your interpretation of dense- and dilute pneumatic conveying?

Take care

Teus ■

Teus

Sven Ludwig
Manager

Shanghai Pengzhan Bulk Solid Engineering Co. Ltd.

Application Of Methology
Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 07:09
Originally Posted by veetee
Dear Mr. Amrit Agarwal,

...

I would like to know whether the same methodology can be used for calculating Dense Phase
Conveying system?

Regds,

Thennarasu.
Dear Thennarasu,

Upon my query (#352 of this thread) Amrit Agarwal was to kind to answer this question in the
post #355.

Quote

" 6. Calculation method is applicable to dilute phase only, up to the minimum pressure point. For
calculations to be correct, solids velocity must be higher than the saltation velocity.

Unquote

As per definition Dense phase conveying starts below the saltation velocity and the limitation of
the methology becomes clear.

The friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity and therefore the
model should fail.

Best regards,

Sven ■

Sven Ludwig
Manager

Shanghai Pengzhan Bulk Solid Engineering Co. Ltd.

Application Of Methology
Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 07:09
Originally Posted by veetee
Dear Mr. Amrit Agarwal,

...
I would like to know whether the same methodology can be used for calculating Dense Phase
Conveying system?

Regds,

Thennarasu.

Dear Thennarasu,

Upon my query (#352 of this thread) Amrit Agarwal was to kind to answer this question in the
post #355.

Quote

" 6. Calculation method is applicable to dilute phase only, up to the minimum pressure point. For
calculations to be correct, solids velocity must be higher than the saltation velocity.

Unquote

As per definition Dense phase conveying starts below the saltation velocity and the limitation of
the methology becomes clear.

The friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity and therefore the
model should fail.

Best regards,

Sven ■

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 11:51

Dear Sven,

You state:
“The friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity and therefore the
model should fail”

I fully agree that the friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity.

However, that counts for both dilute- and dense phase pneumatic conveying.

Are you indicating that the calculation method, as referred to in Mr Agarwal’s reply #6, for
dilute phase also fails?

If this is true, then serious considerations regarding the calculation method have to be made.

Have a nice day

Teus ■

Teus

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 11:51

Dear Sven,

You state:

“The friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity and therefore the
model should fail”

I fully agree that the friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity.

However, that counts for both dilute- and dense phase pneumatic conveying.

Are you indicating that the calculation method, as referred to in Mr Agarwal’s reply #6, for
dilute phase also fails?

If this is true, then serious considerations regarding the calculation method have to be made.
Have a nice day

Teus ■

Teus

Sven Ludwig
Manager

Shanghai Pengzhan Bulk Solid Engineering Co. Ltd.

Friction Factor Correlation

Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 01:28
Originally Posted by Teus Tuinenburg
Dear Sven,

You state:

“The friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity and therefore
the model should fail”

I fully agree that the friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity.

However, that counts for both dilute- and dense phase pneumatic conveying.

Are you indicating that the calculation method, as referred to in Mr Agarwal’s reply #6, for
dilute phase also fails?

If this is true, then serious considerations regarding the calculation method have to be made.

Have a nice day

Teus
Dear Teus,

all the friction factor curves I have seen indicate that the friction factor K follows a curve that
can be expressed as

K = a * x^(-b) + c

where K is the friction factor and x a number related to the terminal velocity. What physical
condition/effect the variable a and the constant c describe I dare not say.

From above equation it is obvious that for increasing x-values (velocities) the K-value
approaches the value of the constant c.

Therefore, for high x-values, the K-factor may be considered a constant in a first approximation.

If the K-factor in the calculation method suggested is chosen large enough and the lower velocity
limit is clearly defined there can only be an over-estimation of the calculated pressure loss due to
friction.

All other pressure loss calculations suggested are only affected by a potentially higher gas
density after each step.

As for every theory applied in pneumatic conveying serious consideration is advised as to the
limitations and validity range of the calculation model used.

When reading this thread from the start, which is quite tedious and for sure not often done, there
are a couple of posts, which reflect above.

Best regards,

Sven ■

Sven Ludwig
Manager
Shanghai Pengzhan Bulk Solid Engineering Co. Ltd.

Friction Factor Correlation

Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 01:28
Originally Posted by Teus Tuinenburg
Dear Sven,

You state:

“The friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity and therefore
the model should fail”

I fully agree that the friction factor K is not a constant or a linear function of the gas velocity.

However, that counts for both dilute- and dense phase pneumatic conveying.

Are you indicating that the calculation method, as referred to in Mr Agarwal’s reply #6, for
dilute phase also fails?

If this is true, then serious considerations regarding the calculation method have to be made.

Have a nice day

Teus

Dear Teus,

all the friction factor curves I have seen indicate that the friction factor K follows a curve that
can be expressed as

K = a * x^(-b) + c

where K is the friction factor and x a number related to the terminal velocity. What physical
condition/effect the variable a and the constant c describe I dare not say.

From above equation it is obvious that for increasing x-values (velocities) the K-value
approaches the value of the constant c.

Therefore, for high x-values, the K-factor may be considered a constant in a first approximation.

If the K-factor in the calculation method suggested is chosen large enough and the lower velocity
limit is clearly defined there can only be an over-estimation of the calculated pressure loss due to
friction.
All other pressure loss calculations suggested are only affected by a potentially higher gas
density after each step.

As for every theory applied in pneumatic conveying serious consideration is advised as to the
limitations and validity range of the calculation model used.

When reading this thread from the start, which is quite tedious and for sure not often done, there
are a couple of posts, which reflect above.

Best regards,

Sven ■

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 02:19

Dear Sven,

Analyzing the formula:

K = a * x^(-b) + c

If x=0 then K = infinite

If x>0 then c < K < infinite

The variables a, b and c are probably material dependent.

x is a number related to the terminal velocity.

How x is related to the terminal velocity is unknown.

In addition, how is x influenced by the velocities along the pipeline, which are related to the
compressor pressure and pressure drops along the pipeline?

How do we know that we have chosen a K factor high enough to be on the safe side and how far
on the safe side and how do we know if we are above the lower velocity limit?
I would say: Too many uncertainties.

In the formula for K, there is no relation to the SLR and Re-number, accounting for the chance of
particle collisions (A higher SLR and/or Re-number increases the number of collisions,
increasing the energy lost in collisions).

You state:

“If the K-factor in the calculation method suggested is chosen large enough and the lower
velocity limit is clearly defined there can only be an over-estimation of the calculated pressure
loss due to friction.”

And

“All other pressure loss calculations suggested are only affected by a potentially higher gas
density”

The problem now is that the gas density is related to the pressure drop.

If the calculated pressure loss due to friction is over estimated, the gas densities along the
pipeline are under estimated.

In the pneumatic conveying calculations, there are so many feedback loops that overall
statements are very uncertain at forehand.

Best wishes

Teus ■

Teus

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 9. Mar. 2010 - 02:19

Dear Sven,
Analyzing the formula:

K = a * x^(-b) + c

If x=0 then K = infinite

If x>0 then c < K < infinite

The variables a, b and c are probably material dependent.

x is a number related to the terminal velocity.

How x is related to the terminal velocity is unknown.

In addition, how is x influenced by the velocities along the pipeline, which are related to the
compressor pressure and pressure drops along the pipeline?

How do we know that we have chosen a K factor high enough to be on the safe side and how far
on the safe side and how do we know if we are above the lower velocity limit?

I would say: Too many uncertainties.

In the formula for K, there is no relation to the SLR and Re-number, accounting for the chance of
particle collisions (A higher SLR and/or Re-number increases the number of collisions,
increasing the energy lost in collisions).

You state:

“If the K-factor in the calculation method suggested is chosen large enough and the lower
velocity limit is clearly defined there can only be an over-estimation of the calculated pressure
loss due to friction.”

And

“All other pressure loss calculations suggested are only affected by a potentially higher gas
density”

The problem now is that the gas density is related to the pressure drop.

If the calculated pressure loss due to friction is over estimated, the gas densities along the
pipeline are under estimated.

In the pneumatic conveying calculations, there are so many feedback loops that overall
statements are very uncertain at forehand.

Best wishes
Teus ■

Teus

Manok Guddu
Project Manager, Conveying & Processing Equipment

FLSmidth Inc.

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 11. Mar. 2010 - 09:34
Originally Posted by Teus Tuinenburg
Dear Sven,

Analyzing the formula:

K = a * x^(-b) + c

If x=0 then K = infinite

If x>0 then c < K < infinite

The variables a, b and c are probably material dependent.

x is a number related to the terminal velocity.

How x is related to the terminal velocity is unknown.

In addition, how is x influenced by the velocities along the pipeline, which are related to the
compressor pressure and pressure drops along the pipeline?

How do we know that we have chosen a K factor high enough to be on the safe side and how far
on the safe side and how do we know if we are above the lower velocity limit?

I would say: Too many uncertainties.

In the formula for K, there is no relation to the SLR and Re-number, accounting for the chance of
particle collisions (A higher SLR and/or Re-number increases the number of collisions,
increasing the energy lost in collisions).

You state:

“If the K-factor in the calculation method suggested is chosen large enough and the lower
velocity limit is clearly defined there can only be an over-estimation of the calculated pressure
loss due to friction.”

And

“All other pressure loss calculations suggested are only affected by a potentially higher gas
density”

The problem now is that the gas density is related to the pressure drop.

If the calculated pressure loss due to friction is over estimated, the gas densities along the
pipeline are under estimated.

In the pneumatic conveying calculations, there are so many feedback loops that overall
statements are very uncertain at forehand.

Best wishes

Teus

SIR

Plea to answer and support me in move to address teh below concern

1) For existing dense phase conveying system of 45TPH , I have a pressure tank of 120cft . Now
since we have to incerase the capacity from 45 to 100TPH , can you help me to guide how to
modify the tank from 120CFT to revised defined vessel capacity ie 200CFT

Is there any clue in regard to remove the dish and fabricate another required cylindrical height in
vessel along with inlet valve size and weld it to existing one

to comply the new defined capacity 200CFT

Whether this approach is conceivable. I would like to be advised by you for any alternate
approach
Thanks for genorosity ■

kj

Manok Guddu
Project Manager, Conveying & Processing Equipment

FLSmidth Inc.

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 11. Mar. 2010 - 09:34
Originally Posted by Teus Tuinenburg
Dear Sven,

Analyzing the formula:

K = a * x^(-b) + c

If x=0 then K = infinite

If x>0 then c < K < infinite

The variables a, b and c are probably material dependent.

x is a number related to the terminal velocity.

How x is related to the terminal velocity is unknown.

In addition, how is x influenced by the velocities along the pipeline, which are related to the
compressor pressure and pressure drops along the pipeline?

How do we know that we have chosen a K factor high enough to be on the safe side and how far
on the safe side and how do we know if we are above the lower velocity limit?

I would say: Too many uncertainties.

In the formula for K, there is no relation to the SLR and Re-number, accounting for the chance of
particle collisions (A higher SLR and/or Re-number increases the number of collisions,
increasing the energy lost in collisions).

You state:

“If the K-factor in the calculation method suggested is chosen large enough and the lower
velocity limit is clearly defined there can only be an over-estimation of the calculated pressure
loss due to friction.”

And

“All other pressure loss calculations suggested are only affected by a potentially higher gas
density”

The problem now is that the gas density is related to the pressure drop.

If the calculated pressure loss due to friction is over estimated, the gas densities along the
pipeline are under estimated.

In the pneumatic conveying calculations, there are so many feedback loops that overall
statements are very uncertain at forehand.

Best wishes

Teus

SIR

Plea to answer and support me in move to address teh below concern

1) For existing dense phase conveying system of 45TPH , I have a pressure tank of 120cft . Now
since we have to incerase the capacity from 45 to 100TPH , can you help me to guide how to
modify the tank from 120CFT to revised defined vessel capacity ie 200CFT

Is there any clue in regard to remove the dish and fabricate another required cylindrical height in
vessel along with inlet valve size and weld it to existing one

to comply the new defined capacity 200CFT

Whether this approach is conceivable. I would like to be advised by you for any alternate
approach
Thanks for genorosity ■

kj

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 11. Mar. 2010 - 09:53

Dear kj,

Modifying a pressure tank is always possible.

However, you have to comply with the local regulations and certifying rules.

In addition, check the changed material flow conditions.

As the capacity will be increased, the outlet pipe size connection might need to be modified too.

An alternative approach is to build a new pressure tank.

Take care

Teus ■

Teus

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 11. Mar. 2010 - 09:53
Dear kj,

Modifying a pressure tank is always possible.

However, you have to comply with the local regulations and certifying rules.

In addition, check the changed material flow conditions.

As the capacity will be increased, the outlet pipe size connection might need to be modified too.

An alternative approach is to build a new pressure tank.

Take care

Teus ■

Teus

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Dense Phase Calculation Method

Posted on 12. Mar. 2010 - 06:22

Dear Mr. Amrit Agarwal,

Thank you very much for sending me the article. It is really very good one. I have made my own
excel calculation based on your paper. I would like to know whether the same methodology can
be used for calculating Dense Phase Conveying system?. How to calculate Solid/Gas ratio if
actual Gas flow rate is not known?.
Regds,

Thennarasu.

=======================================================

Dear Thennarasu,

The dilute phase calculation method in my article is not fully applicable to dense phase, although
the methodology for calculation of pressure drop is the same for both of these systems. The
major change is that for dense phase calculation, a two of the equations in this article must be
changed. I hope to publish the dense phase article sopme time in the near future.

For SLR, if gas flow is not known, you should refer to the blower performance curve to find the
gas flow at your blower speed.

Regards,

Amrit Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125 ■

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Dense Phase Calculation Method

Posted on 12. Mar. 2010 - 06:22

Dear Mr. Amrit Agarwal,

Thank you very much for sending me the article. It is really very good one. I have made my own
excel calculation based on your paper. I would like to know whether the same methodology can
be used for calculating Dense Phase Conveying system?. How to calculate Solid/Gas ratio if
actual Gas flow rate is not known?.

Regds,

Thennarasu.

=======================================================

Dear Thennarasu,

The dilute phase calculation method in my article is not fully applicable to dense phase, although
the methodology for calculation of pressure drop is the same for both of these systems. The
major change is that for dense phase calculation, a two of the equations in this article must be
changed. I hope to publish the dense phase article sopme time in the near future.

For SLR, if gas flow is not known, you should refer to the blower performance curve to find the
gas flow at your blower speed.

Regards,

Amrit Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125 ■

Annonymous-6663
Thank You
Posted on 12. Mar. 2010 - 08:19

Mr. Agarwal:

Thank you for sending me the article on "Theory and Design of Dilute

Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems". The method presented is a

practical approach and I highly recommend it to any person seeking

information on the design of dilute phase systems.

---

C. Nihcols ■

Annonymous-6663
Thank You
Posted on 12. Mar. 2010 - 08:19

Mr. Agarwal:

Thank you for sending me the article on "Theory and Design of Dilute

Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems". The method presented is a

practical approach and I highly recommend it to any person seeking

information on the design of dilute phase systems.

---

C. Nihcols ■
Annonymous-6667
Dilute Phase Conveyance Method
Posted on 15. Mar. 2010 - 11:52

Mr. Agarwal;

Thanks for sending the dilute phase conveyance design article. It is a good approach and I
recommend it to anyone designing a pneumatic conveyance system.

Gale S. ■

Annonymous-6667
Dilute Phase Conveyance Method
Posted on 15. Mar. 2010 - 11:52

Mr. Agarwal;

Thanks for sending the dilute phase conveyance design article. It is a good approach and I
recommend it to anyone designing a pneumatic conveyance system.

Gale S. ■

Mariano Domenech
Mechanicalanical Engineer

DAK Americas Argentina

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 16. Mar. 2010 - 12:20

Mr. Agarwal, thank you for your article and for your disposition to clarify the doubts on the
friction coefficient. Your method is much more simpler than others in the literature. I wonder
what is the range of accuracy in terms of Reynolds number, line diameter, or capacity. What are
the limits of your method. When does it start do differ from other calculations ?? ■

Mariano Domenech
Mechanicalanical Engineer

DAK Americas Argentina

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 16. Mar. 2010 - 12:20

Mr. Agarwal, thank you for your article and for your disposition to clarify the doubts on the
friction coefficient. Your method is much more simpler than others in the literature. I wonder
what is the range of accuracy in terms of Reynolds number, line diameter, or capacity. What are
the limits of your method. When does it start do differ from other calculations ?? ■
Aaron
(not verified)
Thank You For Article
Posted on 16. Mar. 2010 - 01:21

Hi Amrit,

Thanks for your article on calculation of dilute dense conveying. I considered that was good to
list the basic method of calculation, which can help us to understand the whole process.

While this article is a little kind of tough for those who are begin to get to know pneumatic
conveying systems. But I had to say this article showed us the most important view of pressure
drop in pneumatic conveying.

Anyway this is worth to learn for long while. ■

Aaron
(not verified)
Thank You For Article
Posted on 16. Mar. 2010 - 01:21

Hi Amrit,

Thanks for your article on calculation of dilute dense conveying. I considered that was good to
list the basic method of calculation, which can help us to understand the whole process.

While this article is a little kind of tough for those who are begin to get to know pneumatic
conveying systems. But I had to say this article showed us the most important view of pressure
drop in pneumatic conveying.

Anyway this is worth to learn for long while. ■

Annonymous-6675
Design Of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Posted on 19. Mar. 2010 - 05:02

Dear Mr. Agarwal,

Thank you very much for sending me your paper entitled "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase
Pneumatic Conveying Systems". The theory and calculations presented are very useful, and it
will be a great addition to other pneumatic conveying design information that I have compiled. It
will also be very helpful in my screening and preliminary sizing for dilute phase conveying
systems.

Rick G.

IDEA, Inc. ■

Annonymous-6675
Design Of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Posted on 19. Mar. 2010 - 05:02

Dear Mr. Agarwal,

Thank you very much for sending me your paper entitled "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase
Pneumatic Conveying Systems". The theory and calculations presented are very useful, and it
will be a great addition to other pneumatic conveying design information that I have compiled. It
will also be very helpful in my screening and preliminary sizing for dilute phase conveying
systems.

Rick G.

IDEA, Inc. ■
Annonymous-6676
Theory And Design Of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Posted on 19. Mar. 2010 - 09:19

Thank you Mr. Agarwal for sending me the article on "theory and design of dilute phase
pneumatic conveying systems".

This article is very usefull in understanding the parameters that influence the design of a dilute
phase pneumatic conveying system. It is also helpfull for any beginner in pneumatic conveying
system to understand this subject in short timeframe and get going on this. I strongly recommend
this article. ■

Annonymous-6676
Theory And Design Of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Posted on 19. Mar. 2010 - 09:19

Thank you Mr. Agarwal for sending me the article on "theory and design of dilute phase
pneumatic conveying systems".

This article is very usefull in understanding the parameters that influence the design of a dilute
phase pneumatic conveying system. It is also helpfull for any beginner in pneumatic conveying
system to understand this subject in short timeframe and get going on this. I strongly recommend
this article. ■

Annonymous-6677
Pneumatic Conveying Design
Posted on 20. Mar. 2010 - 07:53
Dear Amit

Can you please forward me the copy of the article and the excel file along with it at my id

[email protected]

Thanks ■

Annonymous-6677
Pneumatic Conveying Design
Posted on 20. Mar. 2010 - 07:53

Dear Amit

Can you please forward me the copy of the article and the excel file along with it at my id

[email protected]

Thanks ■

Annonymous-6678
Theory And Design Of Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Posted on 20. Mar. 2010 - 08:58

Dear Sir,

Can you please help me by sending me a copy of your three articles cited throughout Bulk-
Online forum, being:
1) "Theory and Design of Pneumatic Conveying Systems"

2) "Debottlenecking Pneumatic Conveying Systems" and

3) "Product Quality in Pneumatic Conveying"

My email is [email protected]

Thank you.

Rajesh

QUOTE=Amrit Agarwal;14426]My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic

Conveying Systems" was published this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine.
This article gives an easy to use Excel-based calculation method for designing new dilute phase
pneumatic conveying systems or for improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125[/QUOTE] ■

Annonymous-6678
Theory And Design Of Pneumatic Conveying Systems
Posted on 20. Mar. 2010 - 08:58

Dear Sir,

Can you please help me by sending me a copy of your three articles cited throughout Bulk-
Online forum, being:

1) "Theory and Design of Pneumatic Conveying Systems"

2) "Debottlenecking Pneumatic Conveying Systems" and

3) "Product Quality in Pneumatic Conveying"

My email is [email protected]

Thank you.

Rajesh

QUOTE=Amrit Agarwal;14426]My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic

Conveying Systems" was published this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine.
This article gives an easy to use Excel-based calculation method for designing new dilute phase
pneumatic conveying systems or for improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125[/QUOTE] ■

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant
Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Article
Posted on 23. Mar. 2010 - 03:37

Dear Rishu and Rajesh,

Thanks for your interest in my article. To get a copy, please email your request to me.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125 ■

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Article
Posted on 23. Mar. 2010 - 03:37

Dear Rishu and Rajesh,

Thanks for your interest in my article. To get a copy, please email your request to me.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125 ■

Annonymous-6643
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 25. Mar. 2010 - 08:31

Dear Mr. Agarwal,

In your article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems", you have
indicated that for pressure systems, we have to start the calculation from the end of conveying
line and return to the pick-up point.

If so, then we need to use the final exit conditions like velocity, density, viscosity, pressure, etc.,
in the section no. 1 of worksheet #3. How to obtain the end conditions in that case.

If my above understanding is wrong, please clarify me.

Also, please let me know whether any other factors need to be considered for dense phase
conveying (i,e for higher the solid/air ratio and low velocity).

Thanks in advance.

Thennarasu.

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-
based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for
improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Annonymous-6643
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 25. Mar. 2010 - 08:31

Dear Mr. Agarwal,

In your article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems", you have
indicated that for pressure systems, we have to start the calculation from the end of conveying
line and return to the pick-up point.

If so, then we need to use the final exit conditions like velocity, density, viscosity, pressure, etc.,
in the section no. 1 of worksheet #3. How to obtain the end conditions in that case.

If my above understanding is wrong, please clarify me.

Also, please let me know whether any other factors need to be considered for dense phase
conveying (i,e for higher the solid/air ratio and low velocity).

Thanks in advance.
Thennarasu.

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

My article "Theory and Design of Dilute Phase Pneumatic Conveying Systems" was published
this month in Powder Handling and Processing magazine. This article gives an easy to use Excel-
based calculation method for designing new dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems or for
improving the performance of existing conveying systems.

Regards,

Amrit T. Agarwal

Consulting Engineer

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting Services

Email: [email protected]

Ph and Fax: 304 346 5125

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 29. Mar. 2010 - 12:16
Dear Thennarasu,

At the end of the conveying line, conveying conditions should be close to atmospheric in a
pressure type conveying system. Therefore, you should use gas density, viscosity, and pressure at
atmospheric conditions. You should allow pressure drop across a dust collector if you are using
one. Gas velocity will depend on the air flow from the blower. The air flow will depend on the
conveying velocity at the pick-up point.

Let me know if you any questions.

Regards,

Amrit Agarwal ■

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 29. Mar. 2010 - 12:16

Dear Thennarasu,

At the end of the conveying line, conveying conditions should be close to atmospheric in a
pressure type conveying system. Therefore, you should use gas density, viscosity, and pressure at
atmospheric conditions. You should allow pressure drop across a dust collector if you are using
one. Gas velocity will depend on the air flow from the blower. The air flow will depend on the
conveying velocity at the pick-up point.

Let me know if you any questions.

Regards,
Amrit Agarwal ■

Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 29. Mar. 2010 - 09:32

Dear Mr Agarwal,

You state:

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

The air flow will depend on the conveying velocity at the pick-up point.

The pneumatic conveying calculation should start with the air flow at atmospheric conditions at
the end of the (pressure) pipeline and results in the pressure at the pickup point.

Thus:

The conveying velocity at the pick-up point and thereby the airflow at the pick-up point, depends
on the pressure at the pickup point, which has to be calculated first.

In other words, the calculation result depends on the calculation result and such a calculation can
only be solved by an iterative program.

On the other hand, the law of continuity says that the air mass flow at the beginning of a non
leaking pipe must be the same as at the end of the same pipe.

Best regards

Teus ■

Teus
Teus Tuinenburg
Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying
Posted on 29. Mar. 2010 - 09:32

Dear Mr Agarwal,

You state:

Originally Posted by Amrit Agarwal

The air flow will depend on the conveying velocity at the pick-up point.

The pneumatic conveying calculation should start with the air flow at atmospheric conditions at
the end of the (pressure) pipeline and results in the pressure at the pickup point.

Thus:

The conveying velocity at the pick-up point and thereby the airflow at the pick-up point, depends
on the pressure at the pickup point, which has to be calculated first.

In other words, the calculation result depends on the calculation result and such a calculation can
only be solved by an iterative program.

On the other hand, the law of continuity says that the air mass flow at the beginning of a non
leaking pipe must be the same as at the end of the same pipe.

Best regards

Teus ■

Teus
Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 1. Apr. 2010 - 05:10

Dear Teus,

If the selected air flow results in too low or too high a pick up velocity, this air flow is then
adjusted to make sure that the resulting velocity at the pick up point is about equal to the desired
conveying velocity. This change can be made easily in the Excel-based calculations.

Regards,

Amrit Agarwal

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting ■

Amrit T. Agarwal
Consultant

Pneumatic Conveying Technologies

Re: Design Calculations For Pneumatic Conveying

Posted on 1. Apr. 2010 - 05:10
Dear Teus,

If the selected air flow results in too low or too high a pick up velocity, this air flow is then
adjusted to make sure that the resulting velocity at the pick up point is about equal to the desired
conveying velocity. This change can be made easily in the Excel-based calculations.

Regards,

Amrit Agarwal

Pneumatic Conveying Consulting ■