Question types:
Remember CEO!
1) Circuit closed/open
2) Electric current is able to flow through or not
a) Cannot flow through due to the gap in the circuit
3) Outcome
a) E.g. magnetising the iron core so it attracted the steel plate, making the hammer hit the gong
Example:
1) When Circuit A is closed, electricity will pass through the circuit.
2) The iron bar will become an electromagnet and attract the iron arm.
3) The iron arm will move down and causes the switch in Circuit B to close,
4) Circuit B will be a closed circuit, (C)
5) electricity will flow through the circuit (E)
6) and the door bell will ring. (O)
1) Closed and open circuits
a) Reasons for open circuits
i) Electrical insulator
ii) Bulb fusing
iii) Wrong arrangements
(1) Bulb → casing and tip (both need to be connected)
(2) Batteries' positive and negative ends
b) Close circuits and the number of bulbs lit up
i) Step 1: Look out for the power source (batteries)
ii) Step 2: Look out for possible closed circuits (highlight the different possibilities)
2) Properties of materials
a) Electrical conductor or insulator
i) Allows/does not allow electrical current to flow through
ii) Electrical insulators help to prevent us from getting electric shocks
b) Magnetic or non-magnetic
i) Increase the number of coils around the iron bar to increase the strength of the magnet
c) Conductor of heat
3) Series or parallel circuits
a) Design of the circuit to adhere to the requirements
b) Number of bulbs remaining if one bulb fuses
i) State the type of circuit → series or parallel
(1) Parallel: there is an alternative path for the current to flow through
ii) CEO
c) Electromagnet
i) Only one system can be turned on at a time → Saving electricity
d) Advantages
i) Brightness/Volume/Heat
(1) Heat: nichrome wire will heat up
e) Batteries in series/parallel
i) More batteries in series = more power
(1) More batteries = more electric current flows through the bulb = brightness of bulb
increases
(a) Disadvantage: limit to the number of batteries we can add to a circuit
(i) Too much electric current flows through the bulb
(ii) Filament will melt
(iii) And the bulb will fuse
(iv) Resulting in a gap in the circuit
(v) CEO
ii) More batteries in parallel = same power
f) Bulb in series
i) More bulbs in series = less electric current flow through each bulb = dimmer/brightness of
each bulb decrease
(a) Disadvantage:
(i) When one bulb blows
(ii) There will be a gap in the circuit
(iii) CEO
ii) More bulbs in parallel = the same amount of electric current flow through each bulb =
brightness of each bulb remains unchanged.
(1) Advantage:
(a) when one bulb blows,
(b) electric current can still flow through the other circuit/there is an alternative
path for the current to flow through
(c) The other bulbs will still light up
