Mini Practice Exam 01

1. The earthquake caused ………… damage but not 10. He ......... a book in the garden when I ......... there.
much as expected. A) will read / have got
A) competent B)sensible B) is reading / will get
C) rapid D)faithful C) was reading / got
E) considerable D) would be reading / was getting
E) had read /had got
2. Unless you take your medicine …………that cough of
yours will never go.
A) decisively B) regularly 11 The lead mine, which ....... since Roman times, .......
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C) reluctantly D)specially work for the local inhabitants.

E) elaborately A) is using/provided
B) will be used/has provided
3. In order to …………this theory, we carried out a C) has been used/provides
number of experiments. D) is used/will provide
A) contest B) persuade E) has used/is going to provide
C) inherit D) engage
E) demonstrate
12. ... ... ... I meet John he complains about
4. Your bicycle goes much faster than .........because the neighbours.
it’s a lot lighter. A) Whenever B) Whatever
A) mine B) him C) Whereas D) Whichever
C) us D) their E) While
E) our

5. …………my great surprise, almost everyone agreed 13.I may never be able to come back to Turkey, …………
………… him. I want to see as much as possible while I am here.
A) For / to B) To / with A) since B) unless
C) At / from D) In / of C) because D) so
E) With / by E) although

6. I’m extremely fond …………her, too; but even so, I’m

afraid we can’t rely …………her. 14. …………they had already finished their dinner.
A) about / to B) of / on A) When we finally arrived
C) for / in D) to / with B) If only we had waited for them
E) with / over C) Unless she managed to get there on
D) While you were watching the television
E) Whenever we are invited to their house
7. My car ......... as I was on my way to pick up the
children from school.
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A) got off B) broke down

C) letdown D) gave in 15. ………….when I retire next year.
E) took off A) I expect Richard will take over as Chairman
B) The meeting has been put off
C) Many changes would have taken place
8. A lot of pictures were really very good, but Mary’s D) I hadn’t decided what to say at the party
was certainly …………of all. E) I would be able send you the price list
A) well B) better
C) as good as D) as well
E) the best
16. …………we need to find ways to cope with it.
A) If relaxation was essential for a healthy mind and
9. During recent years, many people ......... interested body
in Turkish music. B) After we had learned the living conditions
A) might become B) are becoming C) Since we can not remove stress from our lives
C) had become D) would become D) Whether he has confidence in our plans or not
E) have become E) As the disease wasn’t cured

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 Mini Practice Exam 01
17. (I) Certain characteristics of plants are well known. D) Advertising has become an art, and a lot of money is
(II) Roots grow downwards but the leaves and stalks to be made in the field of advertising
grow towards the source of light (III) we shouldn’t give E) Children are often greatly influenced by the
plants too much water (IV) Other more interesting advertisements they see on television
factors have also been observed. (V) For instance, some
plants are affected by sound and seem to enjoy soft
music but not loud.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
22. At seven in the morning on April 12th 1981, the
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first space shuttle "Columbia" left Earth. It flew up into

18. (I) Compared with people, animals often have very space at a speed of 28, 000 kilometres an hour. ......... .
highly developed senses. (II)Undoubtedly the best loved They had a lot to do while they were in space. They
pets are cats and dogs. (III) This is largely because their took photographs and sent pictures back to Earth.
lives depend upon it. (IV) Elephants, for instance, seem They also tested Columbia's controls.
to know whether there is water underground. A) This was one of the best designed space shuttles put
(V)Moreover, in time of need they will actually dig to into space
get at it. B) This is what science fiction had imagined
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V C)At such a speed the shuttle might easily have blown up
D) There were two astronauts inside, John Young and
Robert Crippen
19. (I) Most students probably regard mathematics as E) Following its explorations in space, the shuttle
the most difficult course they take. (II) This is largely returned safely to Earth
because they think it is difficult or have been told that it
is. (III) In fact, it really isn’t difficult at all. (IV) In order to
learn mathematics one simply needs to concentrate
and practise the materials. (V) The mathematics classes 23. Paper is not a new invention. ......... . Much later,
of good modern schools are very different from the during the Middle Ages, it was brought to Europe by
classes of thirty or forty years ago. the Arabs. Then its use spread to America and to every
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V land where people needed something to write on. The
use of paper was further increased with the spread of
reading and writing.
20. (I) Thermal pollution often occurs when factories A) Actually, it has a long history
use water from rivers and lakes to cool their machinery. B) It would take a long time to list all paper products
(II) In the process, of course, the water is heated. (III) C) It was first produced in China in about 105 AD
This heated water is then returned to the environment. D) For a long time, paper was made by hand
(IV) New and better methods of preventing thermal E) The word ‘paper’ comes from the word ‘papyrus’
pollution must be found. (V) But heated water holds which was used by the ancient Egyptians as we use
less dissolved oxygen than cool water, so plants and paper
animals that use this water may die from oxygen
starvation.
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A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

24. When we talk about the shared customs of a

21. Most of us feel that too much money is being spent society, we are referring to a "culture". However, not
on advertising. We see advertisements as we walk all things shared generally by a population are cultural.
down the street, we see them in newspapers and For example, the typical hair colour of a population is
magazines and on television. ......... . Perhaps it would, not cultural because it is genetically determined. .........
but manufacturers know that it is vital to keep the A) Culture has nothing to do with playing the piano or
name of a product fresh in the public eye; otherwise, reading poetry
sales fall. B) Culture refers to all these aspects of life
A) Advertising costs a lot, so we wonder if it wouldn't be C) What and how human beings eat is learned and
better to spend this money in other ways varies from culture to culture
B) Some advertisements are quite amusing and really D) Every society has a culture, no matter how simple
please us this culture is
C) Personally, I find a lot of advertisements really E) For something to be considered cultural, it must be
annoying learned as well as shared

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 Mini Practice Exam 01

The Amazon basin is a huge area in Brazil. It has always Skiing is a popular sport, enjoyed by people of all ages.
attracted businessmen on account of its valuable and The best skiers, that is, the professionals, have until
rich resources such as rubber, coffee and cocoa. recently been Europeans. The Austrians, the French,
However, it is not easy to make money by starting an and the Italians have generally been the fastest in
enterprise there. As the Brazilians say, “If you want to international competitions, Recently, however, skiers
succeed, you must believe in the Amazon, and you must from other countries have also come to the fore and
be young” Many rich men, including Henry Ford, have demonstrated their skills. As a result, interest in the
poured money into the area and gone away with sport has become worldwide, and this has led to a
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nothing. highly competitive ski industry.

28. It is clear from the passage that the European

25. The writer points out that many businessmen ……… countries ………..
A) have expected to make their fortune in the Amazon A) are determined to improve their skiing skills.
basin, but most of them have been disappointed. B) are now losing their lead in skiing sports.
B) have invested heavily in the Amazon basin and made C) will soon dominate the ski industry in the world.
huge profits. D) regard skiing as the world’s most popular sport.
C) have followed the example of Henry Ford and started E) regret having invested so heavily in the ski industry.
an enterprise in the Amazon basin.
D) have only been interested in importing rubber,
coffee and cocoa from the Amazon basin.
E) have followed the advice of the Brazilians and
become rich.

29. The writer emphasizes that the development of

26. According to the passage, there has been a great the ski industry in the world …………
deal of economic interest in the Amazon basin ………… A) owes little to the growing international interest in
A) and the interest is still growing rapidly. this sport.
B) even though Henry Ford invested very little money B) has been fastest in countries outside Europe.
there. C) has been the result of the efforts made by the
C) but very few people have actually invested money European professionals.
there. D) has been the benefit of the European courtiers.
D) since many investors have lost money in the region. E) is due to the growing international popularity of
E) because the region has a wealth of raw materials. skiing as a sport.
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27. One can understand from the passage that the 30. According to the passage, as a sport, skiing ………..
Amazon basin …………… A) arouses little interest outside Europe.
A) is producing less and less in the way of raw materials. B) is in the hands of professionals only.
B) still remains a challenge to businessmen and does C) is not confined to any special age group.
not give easy profits. D) is rapidly becoming too expensive for most people.
C) is rich in rubber, coffee and cocoa, but in nothing else E) ordinarily came into being in Austria.
at all.
D) is fast becoming one of the world’s major industrial
regions.
E) no longer welcomes foreign investments.

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 Mini Practice Exam 02
1. Several of my friends have entered the ........., but 9. On yedinci yüzyılın sonunda, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
none of them expects to win. hala büyük ve güçlüydü, ancak ekonomik ve bilimsel
A) performance B) application ilerleme bakımından hızla Batı'nın gerisinde
C) competition D) responsibility kalmaktaydı.
E) vacancy A) In the Ottoman Empire, economic and scientific
progress failed to keep up with that of the West during
2. He's a terribly ......... person and never thinks at all the seventeenth century, but the size and the power of
of the needs or the wishes of other people. the Empire remained unchanged.
A) nervous B) sensitive B) By the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman
C) extravagant D) reliable Empire was clearly dropping behind the West in terms
E) selfish of economic and scientific progress but not in terms of
size and power.
3. Frederick Taylor is ......... known as the founder of C) The Ottoman Empire continued to be huge and
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the scientific management movement. powerful to the very end of the seventeenth century,
A) alternatively B) fluently but economic and scientific progress was slow in
C) hopefully D) widely comparison with the West.
E) sensitively D) At the end of the seventeenth century, the Ottoman
Empire was still vast and powerful, but was rapidly
dropping behind the West in terms of economic and
4.The house looked dreadful as no one was living scientific progress.
there and most of the windows ......... . E) The size and the strength of the Ottoman Empire
A) have been broken B) had been broken changed little during the seventeenth century but it
C) broke D) were being broken dropped rapidly behind the West in economic and
E) would have broken scientific matters.

5. I don’t want us to be late for the meeting, so we 10. ......... when we saw five masked men running out
......... take a taxi. of the bank.
A) have had to B) are able to A) We didn’t recognize them at all
C) had to D) had better B) We immediately informed the police
E) needed C) We’re not sure if it is them
D) The situation is certainly unusual
6. ......... so many of the team members were ill, it’s E) The alarm system needs to be repaired
not surprising that we lost the match.
A) In contrast B) Due to
C) Since D) Likewise
E) Nonetheless 11. The fire was already spreading to the next building
......... .
7. The new personnel manager told us that he had A) since the wind may blow even more strongly
visited ......... countries in Europe. B) that no one knew why it had started
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A) a great deal of B) a number of C) unless the firemen can come at once

C) much D) as many D) as the first fire engine arrived
E) any E) though everyone had managed to get out safely

8. So far, various theories have been put forward to

explain the origin of Saturn's rings.
A) Satürn'ün halkaları farklı zamanlarda öne sürülen 12. All opposition to the project vanished ......... .
değişik kuramlara temel olmuştur. A) as soon as everyone realized how much money they
B) Satürn’ün halkalarının oluşumunu açıklamak için could earn through it
sürekli olarak yeni kuramlar ortaya atılmaktadır. B) after financial support has finally been promised
C) Bugüne kadar ortaya atılan çeşitli kuramlar, Sa- C) which has attracted so much attention
türn'ün halkalarının kökenini açıklamaktadır. D) if it seemed likely that it wouldn’t take up too much
D) Satürn’ün halkalarının oluşumu, sürekli olarak çeşitli time
kuramlarla açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. E) as more and more people are starting to work on it in
E) Satürn’ün halkalarının kökenini açıklamak için bugüne their free time
kadar çeşitli kuramlar öne sürülmüştür.

4
 Mini Practice Exam 02
13. You are going into town to buy a new jacket for 16. (I) The cheetah is the fastest moving of all the land
yourself. You know you are not very good at choosing animals. (II) The cheetah usually prefers to hunt alone,
the right clothes for yourself; in fact, you’ve made but the males sometimes hunt in pecks. (III) It is
several very poor choices! Your sister never seems to capable of reaching a speed of 70 kilometres an hour in
make a mistake in the choice of clothes, so you want just 2 seconds. (IV) When in pursuit of pray it can travel
her to go with you and help. You say: at a speed of 100-127 kilometres an hour. (V)
A) As long as it fits properly, that is all that matters. Moreover, it can keep up this speed for between 200
Don’t you agree? and 600 metres.
B) I can’t even decide on the colour. What do you A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
suggest?
C) Remember! This time I can afford an expensive one.
D) I do wish you’d come with me to help choose a
jacket. You know how hopeless I am in these matters!
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E) When did you go shopping last? It must have been

ages ago.

17. (I) Louisa May Alcott wrote Little Women at the

request of her publisher, Mr. Niles. (II) Niles himself was
not impressed by the story she wrote. (III) However, his
niece and some other young girls were. (IV) So, with
14. You are interviewing an elderly film star for a some doubt in his mind, he decided to publish it, and it
magazine and want to avoid the facts that everyone was an immediate best seller. (V) However, Little
knows, and introduce a more personal and less well- Women is a children’s book about real life; it is not a
known side to his character; so you say: fairy tale.
A) You’ve been very successful; but you must have had A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
some disappointments. Could you tell us about some of
them?
B) Since you know so much about the film industry,
what is your advice to young people hoping to make a
career in films?
C) Do you think the future of the film industry is less
promising?
D) Which of your films do you think is your best? 18. (I) The horse’s eye is remarkably organ. (II) It is at least
E) In your opinion, what are some of the main twice as large as the human eye. (III) It also has A special
characteristics of a good film? property which enables it to see much better than its rider.
(IV) This is true, both when the lights poor and when there
is full daylight. (V) As many horses owners have observed,
some horses are much more excitable than others.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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15. Your brother and his best friend have had a quarrel
and have stopped speaking to each other. This state of
affairs is making your brother most unhappy, but he
refuses to be the first to make a move to end the
disagreement. You think this is very foolish of him and
decide to tell him so plainly. You say:
A) What is the reason for your disagreement? I’m sure
you are in the right! 19. (I) Be sure to go to the new exhibition at the Naval
B) This is a ridiculous state of affairs! Forget your stupid Museum. (II) Personally, I’ve never been very interested
pride and go and start talking to him again! in the sea and ships. (III) The exhibits range from
C) Would you like me to go and talk to him and find out primitive rafts to a submarine from World War II. (IV)
what’s wrong? There are lots of paintings of boats and ships, many of
D) Of course he’s to blame; I’m glad to see the which are very old. (V) There are also beautifully made
friendship has ended. models of some of the most famous historic ships.
E) Forget him then. And start making new friends. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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 Mini Practice Exam 02
20. There are more than 20.000 documented ship
wrecks off the coast of Britain. ......... . And they offer When you pick up something that is very hot you
the scuba diver a fantastic world that is just asking to usually drop it immediately. You do not have to think
be explored. about it and decide to drop it. You just drop it.
A) They range from majestic passenger ships to However, you do have to think about some actions. For
historical war vessels example, you might decide to walk to school instead of
B) There are several underwater skills to be learned taking the bus. You think about it and decide to do it.
before one can become a scuba diver Actions like this, that you choose to make, are called
C) Others among them sank after being torpedoed voluntary actions’. But actions that you make without
D) Another battleship lies on its side on the seabed having to think about them, such as dropping a hot
E) Moreover wrecks can contain dangerous materials object, are called ‘involuntary’ or ‘reflex actions’.
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23. The passage concentrates on ......... .

A) what one should do in a dangerous situation
B) the fact that human beings seldom react instantly
21. As a singer, Johnny Cash took on a very great when they face danger
variety of roles. ......... . He could be a respectable C) two main groups of human action
family man or a condemned criminal. He felt sympathy D) different reactions to hot objects
for them all and made them all credible. E) decision-making
A) Sometimes he was a cowboy, sometimes he was a
white outcast who rode with Indians
B) Sometimes he has been likened to John Wayne, but
the resemblance is superficial only
C) It is generally agreed that his anti-war songs are not
among his best numbers
D) On the whole, deep voices like his are not valued as
much as they deserve to be 24. According to the passage, ‘by involuntary action’ is
E) Sadly, people seem to forget that he was also a great meant an action ......... .
folk singer A) which follows a long process of thinking
B) that doesn’t take place fairly quickly
C) which is the result of a choice made
D) in which no thinking at all is involved
E) that is immediately followed by a series of other
actions

22. Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Stevenson, a small

country village in Hampshire. Her father was an
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Anglican clergyman who had been a fellow of St.

John’s College, Oxford.......... . Nevertheless, the one
who really gave Jane Austen her education was her
own father.
A) When her father died, in 1805, the family moved first 25. According to the passage, if one thinks about
to Southampton and then to Chawton something and comes to a decision about what to do,
B) While still in her teens, she wrote a series of sketches ......... .
and tales A) the action that results is called a ‘voluntary action’
C) Her first novel, Lady Susan, remained unpublished B) this is what is often called a ‘reflex action’
during her life time C) this means one’s reflex actions are strong
D) Accompanied by Cassandra, her elder sister and life- D) one is not likely to change one’s mine
long friend, she went to a school at Oxford and then to E) the likelihood is that a wrong action is almost
one at Reading impossible
E) This is why Jane Austen knew so much about the lives
of Anglican clergymen and their families

6
 Mini Practice Exam 03
1. Have they come to a ......... yet on whether to move 7. Recently, the Agricultural Bank ......... to write off
to İzmir or stay in Antalya? the debts of the farmers in the earthquake area.
A) disturbance B) suggestion A) was being instructed B) had instructed
C) reversal D) conflict C) has instructed D) instructed
E) decision E) has been instructed

2. Ireland is in the Atlantic Ocean and ......... from 8. It is expected that, by mid-2020, the allied troops
Great Britain by the Irish Sea. ......... out of the Syria.
A) established B) occupied A) must be pulling B) will have pulled
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C) placed D) inhabited C) have pulled D) are being pulled

E) separated E) should pull

9. For several years now she ........... as private

3. Finland, which is three times the size of Ohio, is secretary to the bank manager.
......... forested and contains thousands of lakes, A) has been working B) worked
numerous rivers and extensive areas of marshland. C) was working D) works
A) mutually B) exactly E) used to work
C) heavily D) currently
E) profoundly

10. Reinforced concrete was used for the new

buildings ......... there should ever be another landslide
in the vicinity.
4. The main difference ......... the comedy of ideas and A) due to B) in spite of
other forms ......... comedy is that it does not depend C) according to D) in case
on a situation for its humour. E) instead
A) about / in B) through/for
C) between / of D) over / from
E) with / at

11. Scientists have found that a large number of heart

disorders are caused by eating too much fat and sugar;
……. they recommend that people should cut down on
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the amount of these substances they eat.

A)for fear that B) therefore
5. Virginia was a brilliant young women who ......... in a C) on the contrary D) on the other hand
literary atmosphere. E) whereas
A) took over B) put up
C) held on D) grew up
E) showed up

12.The manager promised to promote her ......... .

A) if she has proved far more efficient than any of the
other employees
6. I hope that, by next summer, I ......... up enough B) that she has really deserved it
money to go to Italy for a holiday. C)as she had been working for the company for so many
A) will have saved B) would have saved years
C) would save D) have saved D) unless there was a good reason for doing so
E) had saved E) until the company’s annual budget is approved

7
 Mini Practice Exam 03
13. Some comets have such long orbits ......... . 17. (I) The work of oceanographers is extremely varied.
A) while some asteroids may be burnt-up cornels (II) They study fish and marine life in general. (III) They
B) in case they come from a region outside the Solar also explore ocean bottoms to learn how they were
System formed and what they are made of. (IV) Further, they
C) since they are often visible from the Earth study currents and tides and the effects of ocean
D) that they pass near the Earth only once every million pollution. (V) Actually, it is not only the seas that have
years become polluted, but also rivers and lakes.
E) just as their dust tails stretch up to 10 million A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
kilometres across the sky
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18. (I) No one really knows how we learn to speak. (II)

14. I asked my little three-year-old niece ......... . Some people have disorders that affect their speech.
A) whether her mother has gone out (III) Some think that we are born with an inherited
B) who she was going to invite to her party ability to learn a language. (IV) Others think that a child
C) that she liked going to the zoo learns to speak simply by copying what it hears. (V) But
D) why she has made her little brother cry one thing is certain: children are born with a strong
E) what her mother is making for dinner desire to communicate with the people around them.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

15. You have an exam tomorrow and your brother is 19. (I) The year 1666 was the year of the great fire of
listening to pop music on the TV. You wouldn’t mind if London. (II) There is very little agreement among
only it wasn’t so loud, but he has got the volume historians as regards the population of London at the
turned up so high that you are going mad. So you say: time. (III) The houses were all made of wood, so they
A) Must you listen to that awful music? It’s stopping me burned easily and there was a wind to fan the flames.
from working. (IV) So, despite all efforts to put it out, the fire raged for
B) It’s just the kind of music I like, but I really mustn’t four days. (V) At the end, thousands of the Londoners
listen now. were made homeless.
C) I have done enough revision for today. So turn the A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
volume up and let’s listen together.
D) Who is the singer? He is really very good!
E) Oh do turn the volume down! I’m trying to revise for
an exam.

20. In recent years, the amount of advertising on

television has increased dramatically. Many people
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think that advertisements should be banned because

they interrupt their enjoyment of the programmes.
16. An office friend is clearly in need of a change; so, ......... . Without advertising, commercial television
as it happens to be a lovely day, you decide to try to companies would have to close down. In addition to
get her outside during the lunch break. You say: this, advertisements increase our knowledge, and this
A) It’s far too nice a day to stay indoors. Let’s get some enables us to make better choices as consumers.
food and take it into the park and have lunch there. A) Actually, a lot of people find television
B) What’s the matter with you? You look so worried! advertisements quite entertaining
Why not tell me all about it over lunch? B) Since they are expensive, advertisements increase
C) I want to go shopping in the lunch break. Would you the cost of the products
care to join me if the rain stops ? C) Advertising gives consumers freedom of choice
D) There’s a table tennis match going on in the sports D) It seems that countries which do not have
room downstairs during the lunch break. I thought we advertising produce goods which are expensive and of
might go and watch it. It’ll make a nice change. poor quality
E) If the weather’s nice at the weekend, we plan to go E) However, it must be remembered that TV companies
to the lake and have a picnic there; Saturday, probably. rely on the income from commercials to pay for their
Would you like to join us? programmes

8
 Mini Practice Exam 03
21. Lassa Fewer was first recognised in West Africa in
1982 when three missioner nurses working in Lassa More and more people have started to worry about the
became ill with a mysterious infection and two died. effect of television on the generations of children who
............ . Cases have also occurred among medical and have grown up with it. Recent studies suggest that
nursing staff tending patients with the disease and in television has a negative effect on a child’s creative
laboratory workers handling specimens from them. imagination. Indeed, some teachers have found that
A) Since then a number of localized outbreaks have some children can not understand even a simple story if
been notified in several countries in West Africa there are no pictures to help. But perhaps the most
B) Some infections flourish in warm countries like those wrong result concerns violence. So much violence on
in the tropical regions the television screen means that children start to regard
C) People travelling to West Africa are advised to get violence in real life as normal; so they accept it in others
themselves vaccinated
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and in themselves.
D) Malnutrition has been one of the major hazards of
the region 23. According to the passage, the damaging effects of
E) The World Health Organisation has taken stringent television on children ......... .
measures to eradicate all kinds of infectious diseases A) have generally been exaggerated by the public
there B) could be lessened if parents took a more constructive
attitude
C) are confined solely to an increase in violence
D) have seldom been seriously considered by teachers
E) are already causing much concern among a growing
number of people

24. It is understood from the passage that television

....... .
A) is at last beginning to show some concern about its
effects on children
B) no longer shows as much violence as it used to do
C) has made children rely too much on visual aids to
understanding
D) helps children to understand stories in a more
creative manner
E) is being used most effectively by teachers as a
teaching aid
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22. When we got on the plane, we were directed to

our seats by the stewardess, and as the plane was
ready to take off, all the passengers were asked to
fasten their seat-belts. ............ . 25. We understand from the passage that violence on
A) Moreover the noise of the engines had made some television ......... .
people very uncomfortable A) should be restricted to adult viewers only
B) Some of the passengers will not be allowed to enter B) gives children the impression that it is a natural way
the country of life
C) On the other hand, more than half of us were against C) should be presented as undesirable behaviour
the suggestion D) has caused a great deal of unnecessary alarm in
D) Afterwards we were given some advice on what to society
do in case of an emergency E) is permissible so long as it becomes an emotional
E) Still, airline companies could develop new strategies outlet for children
to keep air fares at a reasonable level

9
 Mini Practice Exam 04
1. Volunteer fire brigades, unlike professional ones, 8. As far as I am concerned he is one of ……… talented
......... have the training to deal with big or complicated lawyers the company has ever had.
fires. A) most B) the most
A) secretly B) suddenly C) more D) mostly
C) rarely D) reasonably E) least
E) convincingly

2. It was the only school for miles around and so all

the children in the ......... went to the same school.
A) situation B) property
C) department D) neighbourhood 9. If you move slowly and quietly, ......... .
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E) circumstance A) some birds actually liked being adored

B) it’s usually quite easy to observe wildlife
C) it was very heard to get close to them
D) her animals carried on as if nothing had happened
3. Geologists have ......... that Africa was once warmer E) it is not only the small ones that are easily frightened
and wetter than it is today.
A) explored B)discovered
C) surveyed D)searched
E) experimented

4. Stewart, a young and ......... talented British 10. ......... so he agreed to write the foreword for it.
historian, has written a book on the impact of World A) I shall do my best to persuade him
War II on British politics. B) This won’t be one of my best books
A) convincingly B) remarkably C) He still hasn’t read the book
C) directly D) continually D) I wish you’d recommended the book to him
E) crucially E) He thought the idea behind the book was brilliant

5. Since everyone ......... different, it ......... a good idea

to draw up a realistic career plan based on one’s own
limits.
A) can be /had been B) had been /would be
C) was/ must be D) will be / has been 11. ......... that their primary function is to expose
E) is/is corruption.
A) Many of the people present questioned
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B) Quite a lot of journalists believe

C) Worrying won’t help
6. The book ......... a surprisingly interesting account of D) The votes are still being counted
the geography of Great Britain and there ......... a need E) I would certainly not be right
for such a book for a long time now.
A) would give / had been B) had given / was
C) has given / is D) gives / has been
E) is giving/ was

7. On the night we went to the opera, Domingo was 12. ........., which suggests there may be life there.
not singing, but ........... we enjoyed ourselves A) Researchers have almost given up hope
enormously. B) There is no need to look any farther
A) in case B) on the contrary C) New discoveries are actually very rare
C) moreover D) whatever D) Water has been found on Mars
E) nevertheless E) The scheme was still being developed

10
 Mini Practice Exam 04
13. The great Wall of China, which was designed 16. A friend of yours has been a heavy smoker for
specifically as a defence against nomadic tribes, was years and clearly this is seriously affecting his health.
built of earth and stone. You say:
A) Göçebe kabilelere karşı bir önlem olarak tasarlanan A)Your health is rapidly deteriorating; Why don’t you
Çin Seddi, büyük bir bölümü toprak ve taştan inşa give up smoking altogether?
edilmiş bir savunma hattıdır. B)I know you enjoy a smoke. I think, you should
B) Göçebe kabilelere karşı özellikle bir savunma olarak continue to smoke heavily.
tasarlanmış olan Çin Seddi, esas olarak toprak ve taştan C)I can understand why, after all these years, you
inşa edilmiştir. smoke so heavily.
C) Tamamen toprak ve taştan inşa edilmiş olan Çin D)More and more people are cutting down on their
Seddi, göçebe kabilelere karşı bir savunma hattı olarak smoking, but I think you shouldn’t.
kullanılmıştır. E)I presume it is only at work that you smoke so heavily.
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D) Öncelikle göçebe kabilelere karşı bir savunma hattı

olarak tasarlanmış olan Çin Seddi’ni inşa edenler
çoğunlukla toprak ve taş kullanmışlardır.
E) Çin Seddi öncelikle göçebe kabilelere karşı bir
savunma olarak düşünülmüş ve çoğunlukla toprak ve
taştan yapılmıştır. 17. Alice: It has to be very cold before a sea can freeze.
James: ………. .
Alice: I know. During World War II, for instance, Baltic
Sea froze to such a depth that the Russians were able
14. Güney Amerika’nın neredeyse yarısını kaplayan to drive their tanks over it.
Brezilya, dilini ve kültürünü Portekiz’den alan tek Latin James: Then it must have been very cold.
Amerika ülkesidir. A) Icebergs, like glaciers, are salt-free.
A) Portugal and Brazil share the same language and B) Perhaps inland seas can freeze.
culture, though Brazil is Latin American and half the size C) Moving water doesn’t freeze easily.
of South America. D) But there can be iceberg in the sea.
B) The only Latin American country to derive its E) But it does happen sometimes.
language and culture from Portugal, is Brazil, the largest
country in South America.
C) Brazil, like the other Latin American countries of
South America, takes its language and culture from
Portugal.
D) Brazil, which covers nearly South of America and is a 18. (I) It is well worth visiting this bird sanctuary to see
Latin American country, has the same language and the swans feed. (II) When we went there the weather
culture as Portugal. was gorgeous. (III) Visit at 8,30 am and be there as the
E) Brazil, which covers nearly South of America, is the swans come out for breakfast. (IV) Or arrive around
only Latin American country that derives its language 6,30 p.m. as they gather for their dinner. (V) Either way
and culture from Portugal. you will enjoy watching the way they fight over their
food.
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A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

15. Some of your friends are planning to go to the

cinema. They are planning to meet outside the cinema
at around 5 o’clock and go in together. You would like
to join them but there is a possibility that you won’t
be able to go and you don’t want the others to wait
for you if this is the case. So, you say: 19. (I) Fairs were first established in Medieval times as a
A) I really don’t think I will be able to come but I will try. means of bringing traders and customers together at
B) I probably can’t get there until well after five o’clock. stated places and periods. (II) Among the earliest
But do wait for me. examples were those of Winchester and Sturbridge in
C) If I’m not there by 5 o’clock it will mean I’m not England. (III) To these fairs came traders from the
coming, so you go on in. Continent and the Baltic region. (IV) Today’s fairs are of
D) We really don’t need to meet at 5 o’clock. The film a different nature, being largely expositions of high
doesn’t start till half-past. technology. (V) They did business with the English
E) We will meat promptly at 5 o’clock and not wait for merchants, and goods of every kind were exchanged.
late-comers A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

11
 Mini Practice Exam 04
20. In Britain, the manufacturing industry accounts for
about 70 percent of industrial production. Within The job of check-in clerks at any airport is not a
manufacturing some industries such as chemicals, particularly interesting or satisfying one. They simply
petroleum products and electrical engineering have have to check the tickets of passengers, and take their
expanded rapidly since World War II, whereas some luggage. The work is mechanical, repetitive and very
industries have had a slower growth rate. ........... . tiring. The only variation in the routine occurs when
A) Inflation was to make the problem of unemployment things go wrong when flights are delayed or when they
even more serious are cancelled due to such things as bad weather, strikes
B) New competitors had already begun to dominate the or technical problems. Then the check-in clerks are in
market the unfortunate position of having to face the angry
C) Among these can be mentioned ship building, textiles passengers though the fault is not theirs and they can
and clothing do nothing to put things tight.
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D) On the whole the southern countries have been

more prosperous than the northern ones 23. We understand from the passage that the work a
E) On the contrary, management strategies could have check-in clerk does ......... .
saved the situation
A) is always greatly appreciated by the passengers
B) varies greatly from day to day which makes it more
enjoyable
C) requires a great deal of skill and creativity
21. In recent years remarkable results have been D) involves very little contact with passengers
achieved in the field of organ transplants. Formerly, a E) is both tedious and exhausting
genetically alien tissue could not be transplanted.
........... . This is now no longer the case.
A) Naturally the future of the medicine will be affected
greatly by developments in organ transplants
B) We are familiar with it as the response of the body to
an infectious germ
C) Actually the body generates an army of antibodies to
fight off the invading germs
D) Eventually, it will be possible to transplant any organ 24. According to the passage, a number of reasons
from one person to another may lead to ......... .
E) Plastic surgery used to depend on using the skin or A) passengers wishing to change the dates of their
tissues of the patient himself or of a genetically flights
identical twin B) a strike among the check-in clerks
C) the postponement or cancellation of flights
D) the loss of the luggage of passengers
E) overcrowding at airports
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22. The great metropolis of New York City is the nerve

centre of the nation. ......... . Its John F. Kennedy
International Airport is one of the business airports in
the world. New York is also home to the New York 25. It is pointed out in the passage that when serious
Stock Exchange, the largest in the world. The problems affecting flights arise at airports, ......... .
convention and tourist business is an important source A) passengers usually wait patiently for the situation to
of the city's income. improve
A) New York Bay was first discovered in 1524 by an B) it is the check-in clerks who encounter the protesting
Italian-born navigator, Giovanni da Varrazano passengers
B) It’s a leader in manufacturing, foreign trade, C) passengers are immediately notified by check-in
commerce and banking clerks
C) Nearly all the state's manufacturing is done on Long D) it is the primary responsibility of check-in clerks to
Island and along the Hudson River solve them
D) For a short time, New York City was the capital of the E) check-in clerks are required to explain, in detail, what
United States has caused them
E) Among its famous residents have been many artists,
scientists and politicians

12
 Mini Practice Exam 05
1. I used to see quite a lot of Jane, but now we……. 8. Often it is only when people ......... to do their job
manage to meet. that they ......... our attention.
A) just B) fairly A) fail / get B) have failed / had got
C) rarely D) usually C) failed / have got D) will fail / are getting
E) mainly E) will have failed / got

2. Pollution could one day endanger the word’s ….. of 9. Aristotle studied many subjects, ……… he was
oxygen. mostly interested in science, especially biology,
A) exploitation B) supply zoology and astronomy.
C) extinction C)recovery A) as if B) since
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E) decline C) but D) if
E) unless

3. At all times and in all societies, the tendency to

commit crime ......... increases in early adolescence 10. ......... we live and grow, we learn the culture of the
and levels off in middle age. society in which we live.
A) randomly B) intentionally A) As B) Despite
C) adequately D)usually C) Even though D) When
E) accurately E) Whereas

11. Rabies is a deadly disease ……… .

A) unless dogs don’t carry it into people’s homes
4. He was brought up ……. a family proud ……. its B) if it is made available at many medical centres
musical skills. C) after the birth of a child has been recorded
A) from / for B) an / on D) that can be transmitted from animals to people
C) by /of D) to / through E) since all illnesses need to be treated quickly
E) with / about

12. My brother was very surprised ……… .

A) when he got a message from a long-lost friend
5. The air at the top of Mount Everest, which is the B) unless he met an old friend one day
world’s highest peak, is so low in oxygen that most C) where an old friend turned up suddenly
people would instantly ......... if they were exposed to D) if an old friend turns up
it. E) how old he himself was
A) pass out B) come back
C) get off D) set out
E) move off 13.I would naturally have felt extremely disappointed
…….. .
A) since he must have been by far the best applicant
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6. Evil ……… when good people allow bad things ……… B) unless the competition has had very few entrants
A) came / happened C) even though the two teams were extraordinarily well
B) comes / to happen matched
C) will come / will happen D) if they hadn’t sent us an invitation to the concert
D) may come / happening E) as the first prize went to a racist author
E) had come / to have happened

14. Though Kenya had been self-sufficient until the

1980s, ….. .
7. It was during Queen Victoria’s reign (1837-1901) A) the same problem faces small farmers in all parts of
that there ......... a more democratic system of the world
government, which ......... with the Reform Bill of 1832. B) the situation in developing countries is becoming
A) had developed / began critical
B) has developed / has begun C) the economic interests of small farmers have been
C) develops / was to begin disregarded
D) developed / had begun D) wheat prices there are dropping fast
E) was developing / would begin E) it now imports 80 per cent of its food

13
 Mini Practice Exam 05
15. Mother: I think the child has anaemia. 20. (I) So far, no one has managed to complete a solo
Doctor: ………. . crossing of the Arctic. (II) This is primarily because of
Mother: Well, look at his face: he's so pale. the extremely harsh natural conditions. (III) To start
Doctor: True. But the facial appearance may be with, there are the bitterly cold temperatures to be
misleading. endured. (IV) The attempt has been made several
A) Is he easily fatigued? times, but has never met with success. (V) But that is
B) What grounds do you have for saying that? not all; the explorer has also to battle against the strong
C) How long has this been going on? tidal pull on the ice.
D) I think we'd better check the haemoglobin level. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
E) Possibly. See he eats plenty of meal, eggs and green
vegetables.
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21. Some tourists see some pretty things, drink too

16.Barry: Well, what's your idea of the ideal holiday? much, sleep in a hotel bed, and end up with a souvenir
Craig: There's no such thing. But I like a holiday that or two. ……… . Some other tourists like to stay awhile,
offers plenty of activities. meet local people, learn how they live and think, rent
Barry: …… . apartments, and even sign up for language classes.
Craig: So we'd better take our holidays separately! A) Yet a few days after they get home, it is easy to feel
A) One year I plan to go on a skiing holiday. that maybe they never went away at all
B) Do you ever climb mountains? B) Many people like to pack their own meals before
C) That's not for me. I like to be lazy when I'm on going abroad
holiday! C) In fact, they do not mind sleeping in a strange bed,
D) There are organized holidays offering a wide range of since they are enjoying themselves
activities. D) At the same time, they prefer to stay with local
E) So do I. We could go on an activity holiday together. families
E) In contrast, they visit the same place again if they feel
satisfied with it
17. (I) Deserts get very little rain, but cactuses, trees
and even wildflowers still manage to grow in some
desert areas. (II) Most deserts form because of air
movements over the planet. (III) These plants have 22. Vitamin D deprivation looks likely to prove a
special characteristics that help them get and store significant factor in schizophrenia …… . In many, if not
water. (IV) Some of them have small leaves to keep all, cases, a genetic disposition also seems to be
water from escaping into the air. (V) Some other desert involved. And there is evidence that other triggers,
plants have long roots that reach water deep such as maternal viral infections, may play a role.
underground. A) This looks like a disparate collection of facts
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V B) Yet, unlike these, vitamin D deficiency is easily dealt
with
C)Sunlight is admittedly an important source of vitamin D
18. (I) Ships are very important to the way we live. (II) D) It is certainly not, however, the whole cause
Ships carry oil that is made into gasoline for our cars. E) Both of these anatomical changes can be observed in
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(III) Though they may look very different from each schizophrenics
other, all ships have the same basic parts. (IV) They also
bring in much of the food we eat, the clothes we wear,
and the computers, furniture, and televisions we use. 23. Most history books note 6 April 1909 as the date
(V) All around us, many of the things we see travelled to when US naval Captain Robert Peary became the first
where we are on a ship. man to reach the North Pole. ….. . Peary must have
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V traveled an average of over 43 miles per day for eight
days to have reached the Pole on that day. In the
conditions there this hardly seems possible.
19. (I) Far from being a sinister pest, bats are actually a A) In fact another explorer could only manage an
good friend to humankind. (II) For a start, they eat huge average of a little over 26 miles per day
quantities of insects. (III) They are sometimes described B) Moreover, the ice moves in a contrary direction
“mice with wings,” but this is totally untrue. (IV) The C) Further doubt exists because his journals only
little brown bat, for instance, is capable of catching and mention straight - line distances
eating 1200 small insects in an hour. (V) They also play D) One has to be very optimistic to imagine a van that
an important role in pollinating flowers. can travel such distances
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V E) But there little proof to support this claim

14
 Mini Practice Exam 05
24. Between 100,000 and 150,000 hairs grow on the E) 250 athletes from each country take part in the
average human head, at a rate of around 0.4 mm per modern Olympics
day. ----. This amounts to an amazing 18 km per year.
A) Hair has only been scientifically studied over the past
50 years New Guinea is home to some of the world’s strangest
B) Each hair has its own cycle of birth, death and creatures. For instance, there is a special species of
replacement kangaroo that lives in trees. There are also lizards that
C) That's a total 50 m of hair growth every day are five metres long, and butterflies that are as big as
D) Actually, though, hair is dead tissue dinner plates. New Guinea is an island hardly any larger
E) The first synthetic hair dyes were created in 1907 than the state of Texas, but it has as many bird species
as to be found, for example, in the whole of North
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The Olympic Games were first held in Olympia in America. This is partly due to the fact that it has largely
ancient Greece to honour the Greek god Zeus. These remained isolated from the rest of the world. But it is
ancient Olympics began in the year 776 B.C. and also due to the fact that it has an incredible variety of
continued until 392 A.D., that is, for more than 1,000 ecological features, ranging from tropical rain forests to
years. Only male athletes competed in these games. glaciers.
They competed in different sports activities, but there
were competitions also in poetry, music and other arts. 28. We learn from the passage that New Guinea .........
At the beginning and end of the Games, animals were A) has actually fewer bird species than it formerly had
killed and offered to Zeus. When people stopped B) is in many respects very similar to Texas
believing in the Greek gods, the Olympic Games were C) owes its characteristic physical features to glaciers
cancelled. The Olympic Games were brought back in D)is an island with a remarkable range of climatic
1896, when the first modern Olympic Games were held features
in Athens, the capital of Greece. Only nine countries E) is gradually increasing its contacts with North
with about 250 athletes participated in these first America
modern Games, and again all the athletes were male.
Today, about 10,000 athletes from about 200 countries
compete in the Olympic Games, and nearly half of them
are women.

25. According to the passage, the first Olympic Games 29. According to the passage, kangaroos that live in
……… . trees ......... .
A) were held 1,000 years ago A)are very commonly to be seen in rain forests
B) continued for 392 years everywhere
C) were for male and female athletes B)are only on the increase in New Guinea
D) were held all across Greece C)are just one example of the odd creatures to be found
E) were held for religious purposes in New Guinea
D) are a threat to the bird population of New Guinea
26. The ancient Olympic Games were cancelled E) are considerably smaller than the average kangaroo
because ……… .
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A) animals were killed and offered to Zeus

B) poetry, music, and other arts became more popular
C) female athletes did not want to join the races
D) Zeus and the other gods were no longer important in
Greek society 30. The writer points out that one of the reasons why
E) people did not enjoy the Games there are very many different kinds of birds in New
Guinea is ......... .
27. It can be understood from the passage that ……… . A) that the climatic conditions of the island are suitable
A) few female athletes took part in the first modern for rain forests
Olympics B) the fact that many migrate there for the winter from
B) the original Olympics concentrated on sports only North America
C) participation in the modern Olympics has grown C) that the island is a protected environment, and new
considerably since they were brought back in 1896 species are constantly being taken there
D) animals were killed and offered to Zeus in the first D) that this island has mostly been cut off from the rest
modern Olympics of the world

15
 Mini Practice Exam 06
1. At the meeting, even though he spoke well, he was 8. ........... any change in the condition of the patient,
unable to ............ the other members. be sure that the nurse in charge is informed.
A) compete B) persuade A) In the event of B) However
C) reinterpret D) agree C) With the exception of D) Owing to
E) dispute E) In favour of

9. Müşterinin ne istediğini öğrenmek her şeyden

2. Since the firm has been found negligent by the önemlidir.
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court, his claim for ………. for the accident hasn’t been A) What we really need to know is what the customer is
accepted. looking for.
A) compensation B) reduction B) The main difficulty was to find out just what the
C) employment D) relevance customer was in need of.
E) cooperation C) Finding out what the customer wants is more
important than anything else.
D) Our main concern should have been to find out just
3. Most children are able to walk ........... holding on to what the Customer wanted.
anything when they are fifteen months old. E) You must find out what the customer wants; nothing
A) for B) from else matters.
C) with D) without
E) to
10. Avrupa'da işsizlik yeniden yüzde onun üzerine
çıkıyor ve düşecekmiş gibi de görünmüyor.
A) Unemployment in Europe is again rising above ten
4. One of the great advances …….. astronomy …….. the per cent and doesn't seem likely to drop.
past decade has been the discovery of planets outside B) Once more the unemployment figures for Europe are
our solar system. above the ten per cent mark and may go higher.
A) of / over B) through /at C) Unemployment in Europe has gone up a further ten
C) in / to D) for / by per cent and the position is not likely to change.
E) with / for D) No one expects the unemployment figures in Europe
will drop below ten per cent.
E) A drop to just above ten per cent in unemployment
5. For nearly a decade most governments in the figures in Europe didn't seem very likely.
world……… to find ways of combating environmental
problems.
A) were tried B) would have tried
C) try D) could try 11. ........., she returned to Ireland to work in a hospital
E) have been trying near Dublin.
A) If there had been another war
B) Soon after the war began
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C) Unless she can find suitable work in London

6. Before the nationwide vaccination campaign ………., D) As soon as she hears from you
the infant mortality rate ……….. to an alarming extent. E) Whenever she wrote to me about her problems
A) is being introduced / would rise
B) will be introduced / rose
C) had been introduced / has risen
D) will be introduced / was rising 12. After the new law comes into effect next month,
E) was introduced / had risen ………..
A) there will be a radical change in the structure of local
administration
B) we should have prepared the way for a smooth
7. The government is determined to improve the political transition
communications system ……….. the costs involved will C) the policy on industrial relations had to be
be a serious burden on the budget. abandoned
A) so that B) while D) all the hospitals in the country had been made
C) despite D) as if accountable to the Ministry of Health
E) even though E) the case may have been reconsidered

16
 Mini Practice Exam 06
13. So long as certain countries continue to shelter 17. David: Now, this is good news!
terrorists …………. . Peter: Tell me about it.
A) the hope of preserving international security was David: ………. .
sheltered Peter: Well I find it hard to believe but it’s certainly
B) the United Nations should have taken suitable action worth a try.
against them A) I thought you’d read the article yourself.
C) the government had taken the matter to the Helsinki B) It says here that chocolates is the best way of
Conference preventing coughs.
D) the chances of eradicating terrorism unfortunately C) They have found a new way of preventing coughing.
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remain silent D) Actually, it probably is not true at all; forget about it .

E) their aims would have been publicly condemned E) There are no cheaper ways to manufacture
throughout the West chocolate.

18. (I) Modern Trabzon is built on a mountainside. (II) It

14. ……, he was well-read in both Latin and Greek, and is a bright, busy town with cafes and bookshops and
excelled in swimming and boxing. restaurants. (III) Most visitors, however, go there in
A) When Lord Byron entered Cambridge at the age of order to see the dramatic Byzantine monastery at
17 Sumela. (IV) Trabzon is the largest port along Eastern
B) However eager Lord Byron may have been to fight Turkey's Black Sea coast. (V) This has been carved out of
for the oppressed a steep rack cliff and is well-worth a visit.
C) Since Lord Byron had left England in 1816, never to A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
return
D) Because, to his contemporaries, Lord Byron seemed
more a colourful and scandalous personality than he
was a poet
E) As Lord Byron was a fiery rebel, an idealist and a
conventional aristocrat 19. (I) Yeats was not simply a writer. (II) He was
involved in many different kinds of activity. (III) In
particular he worked to help Ireland get its
independence. (IV) Indeed, Maud Gonne, a very
beautiful woman, was to influence him greatly. (V) And
15. Just try shooting at bullet-proof glass …….. . all the various things he did and his experience are
A) but you can stand a few meters away brought together and unified in his art.
B) if you want to be quite sure that it really is bullet A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
proof
C) while the glass remained unharmed
D) why some gangs have started to fire anti-tank
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missiles at armoured cars

E) that it withstood every attack
20. The word "panic", meaning fear, comes from the
name of the Greek god Pan, a noisy musician who was
thought to play his pipes day and night in the woods.
Long ago people thought Pan made the sounds that
frightened travellers in the wilderness at night. ......... .
16. Amy: Whose books are these? A) The word “panic” soon came to describe their fear
Terry: ………. . B) Sometimes an author does not state directly
Amy: Could they be Jane’s? everything that is happening
Terry: They could be. In fact, they probably are hers. C) One way to find the meaning of unfamiliar words is
A) They’re yours, surely; aren’t they? to use the context
B) I thought they were yours! D) A synonym is a word that has almost the same
C) I don’t know. They’re certainly not mine. meaning as another word
D) They must be Jane’s. E) When we look up an unfamiliar word in a dictionary,
E) Well, they aren’t mine and they aren’t Jane’s we may find more than one definition

17
 Mini Practice Exam 06
21. Vegetables eaten freshly cooked are safe. They
may be contaminated after cooking or be subject to I will never forget my first visit to Lascaux. It was a
spore germination and outgrowth if cooled slowly and terribly hot July day in 1949, and I was 11 years old. My
stored warm. Salad vegetables, lettuce, tomatoes, parents had decided to show me this prehistoric
radishes, cucumber and watercress should be washed painted cave that had been discovered nine years
in water for not less than 30 seconds. ............ . earlier, and about which there was still so much talk. A
A)In some restaurants a great variety of salad is served newly built road let to the cave near Montignac in
B)Some people are not fond of vegetables at all southwest France, and there we found a country fair
C)Water pollution is a serious danger that threatens the atmosphere. There were buses, hundreds of visitors
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world and people selling ice cream and postcards. There were
D)This is especially important in countries where crops long lines to buy tickets, long lines to enter the cave. I
are sometimes flooded with water polluted with human recall the smell of the pine trees and how many visitors
and animal sewage. suffered from the heat. After a long wait my parents
E)As a result of easy transportation and good packaging, and I passed through a monumental bronze door and
tropical vegetables are distributed worldwide into the semidarkness. We went down the stairs into
the large chamber called the Hall of the Bulls, which
was 17 meters long, 7 meters vide and 6 meters high.
The guide's flashlight lit the walls. Suddenly all around
was a great parade of animals: the big bulls, the black
horses, and red and black deer.

23. One point made by the narrator in this passage is

that ......... .
A) despite its fame the cave itself was rather
disappointing
B) he was well-informed about the cave before he
visited it
C) the cave was in a remote part of France, and difficult
to get to
D) a lot of time passed before the narrator and his
parents could get into the cave
E) one could explore the cave easily on one’s own

24. The cave which the narrator describes in the

passage ......... .
A) had not yet become a tourist attraction
B) was largely visited by local people
C) presents a vivid picture of what life was like in
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prehistoric times
22. Someone has come to visit you in your office and D) had been open to the public for several decades
seems prepared to waste your whole morning. You E) contained a great many wall paintings dating back to
decide to send him away, but without being unkind. very ancient times
You say:
A) Do come and see me this morning as I have nothing
to do in the office.
B) We have been discussing the proposals made by the
study group, and it is very nice of you to join us. 25. It is understood from the passage that the visit to
C) Let's continue this conversation at another time. I've the cave ......... .
got an important meeting scheduled for this afternoon, A) was originally the narrator's own idea
and need to go over the main points in the agenda. B) was arranged for the narrator by his parents
D) It has been such a long time since I saw you last; tell C) was not very enjoyable for the narrator as he felt
me what you have been doing all this time. frightened when he was in the cave
E) I haven't seen anything of your brother for months. D) turned out to be a great disappointment
What is he doing? E) took place on a delightfully fresh warm summer's day

18
 Mini Practice Exam 07
1. The new version of the Night Sky programme has 7. In the US, the percentage of obese people ….. over
various ......... that make it much more enjoyable than the past two decades, and at present, 35% of the
the first version. population ….. overweight.
A) extracts B) totals A) could have doubled / would be
C) additions D) needs B) had doubled / was
E) disappointments C) has doubled / is
D) would double / will be
E) doubled / has been
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2. I was a ......... child and so I used to make up stories

and hold conversations with imaginary people. 8. Sub-Saharan Africa ……..….. at a relatively stable
A) painful B) selfish rate since the mid-1990s, and its growth ………….. in
C) consistent D) charming the following years.
E) lonely A) was growing / continues
B) has been growing / should continue
C) has grown / should have continued
D) grew / has continued
E) is growing / will have continued
3. The Arawak Indians were the first to inhabit
Grenada, but they were all …….... massacred by the
belligerent Carib Indians.
A) fairly B) previously 9. Rockets …….... to have originated with the Chinese
C) eventually D) principally before the thirteenth century, which is when they
E) rarely …….. to appear in Europe.
A) may be believed / were beginning
B) could be believed / have begun
C) were believed / had begun
D) have been believed / could begin
E) are believed / began
4. Ancient Pompeii, destroyed in A.D. 79 ….. an
eruption of Vesuvius, lay buried ….. rock and ash until
the 18th century.
A) by / under B) at / for 10. Citizens of countries that are members of the EU,
C) with / below D) in / on as well as citizens from the US, Canada, Australia and
E) through / over New Zealand, do not need a visa to visit Germany ……..
their stay does not exceed three months.
A) whereas B) as if
C) so long as D) whether
E) so that
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5. For decades, scientists have theorized that much of

the universe is ….. nearly undetectable dark matter 11. In 2002, …….. Australia’s Great Barrier Reef was hit
and dark energy. hard by unseasonable warming, 95 per cent of its coral
A) made up of B) taken over by was adversely affected.
C) lost in D) held on A) so that B) if
E) broken away from C) when D) so long as
E) in case

12. The World watch Institute reported last year …..

6. At that time, since her aunt ......... in the same approximately four of the five McDonald’s restaurants
neighbourhood she ......... her at least once a week. that opened every day in 2005 were outside the
A) is living / would visit B) has lived / has visited United States.
C) lived / visit D) was living /used to visit A) if B) as
E) lives / was visiting C) while D) when
E) that

19
 Mini Practice Exam 07
13. ….. before grapes can be transformed into fine 17. Until recently, there was no reliable method to
wine. measure the age of dinosaurs, and thus, to figure out
A) Harvesting was a very costly and tiring process the conditions in which they grew.
B) Farmers were expecting higher prices A)Son yıllara kadar kullandığımız hiçbir yöntem
C) Drought does much damage to grape vines dinozorların yaşını ölçmek ve büyüdükleri koşulları
D) The farm workers in France have protested at lower ortaya koymak için güvenilir değildi.
wages B)Dinozorların yaşını ölçmek ve dolayısıyla büyüdükleri
E) There is much work to be done koşulları ortaya koymak için bugüne kadar hiçbir
güvenilir yöntem bulamadık.
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C)Yıllardan beri, dinozorların yaşını ölçmeye ve

böylelikle nasıl büyüdüklerini belirlemeye yönelik
herhangi bir yöntem bulamadık.
14. Since older people perform certain tasks better D)Uzun zamandan beri, dinozorların yaşını ölçerek
than the young do, ….. . büyüdükleri koşulları kesin olarak belirlemede
A)it is wrong to categorize them as generally less kullanılabilecek herhangi bir yöntemimiz yoktu.
capable E)Son zamanlara kadar, dinozorların yaşını ölçmek ve
B) older people often are more socially competent böylece büyüdükleri koşulları anlamak için güvenilir bir
C)an older employee might prove initially slower at a yöntem yoktu.
particular mental function
D)it is exactly what employers worry about in quality-
control jobs
E)this insight has important implications for the
workplace

15. It was not until the middle of the 19th century ….. .
A) while some geologists were studying the
stratification of rocks
B) when there were significant achievements in the
newly developing science of geology
C) in which these guidelines were to be the basis of
archaeological excavations
D) that the discipline of archaeology became truly
established
E) before the term “prehistory” itself came into general
use
18. I. Dünya Savaşı’nın başında Romanya tarafsızlığını
ilân etti; ancak, daha sonra Almanya ve müttefiklerine
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karşı savaşa katıldı.

A) Although Romania was neutral at the time World
16. Despite the fact that no one has ever seen it War I broke out, it soon decided to declare war on
happen, ….. . Germany and her allies.
A) there is evidence to suggest that rocks of up to 320 B) When World War I started, Romania was determined
kilograms are moved by the wind across the floor of to remain neutral but, soon after, it declared war on
Death Valley in California Germany and her allies.
B) the Grandstand is a 20-metre-high island of rock that C) At the start of World War I, Romania proclaimed its
looks like the top of a mountain buried in a sea of neutrality, but later joined the war against Germany
sediment and her allies.
C) most of southeastern California is a region torn by D) Romania’s neutrality was declared at the start of
earthquakes and eroded by wind and rain World War I, but this did not last long since it later
D) Death Valley lies 86 metres below sea level and is declared war on both Germany and her allies.
surrounded by peaks of more than 3,000 metres E) Romania’s declaration of war on Germany as well as
E) Death Valley was formed as the Amargosa and her allies came later, since at the start of World War I it
Panamint mountain ranges were pulled apart from each had decided to remain neutral.
other

20
 Mini Practice Exam 07
19. (I) It has been estimated that at least 100,000 22. Only a few large meteorites have struck the earth.
children testify in court cases in the US every year. (II) The largest we know about fell in Arizona and made
This figure does not include the much larger number of what is now called Meteor Crater, a hole about a mile
instances in which children provide evidence outside across and 600 feet deep. ….. . Other big meteorites
court. (III) In recent years, a number of researchers fell in ancient times, in Texas, in Argentina, in northern
have performed studies that speak directly to this Siberia and in Greenland.
important question. (IV) The cases in which children A) When a meteor reaches the earth, it is called a
testify have a range of topics, but the most frequent meteorite
category among criminal trials, accounting for about B) This big meteorite may have fallen as much as
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13,000 cases each year, is child sexual abuse. (V) In twenty-five thousand years ago
most instances of alleged abuse, the child witness is C) The amazing thing about these meteor showers is
also the target of the abuse. that they come year after year
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V D) Most meteors are small, probably a few inches in
diameter
E) The most remarkable meteor shower was seen in
Connecticut on the night of November 12, 1833

23. Ice climbing and rock climbing share some

20. (I) The World Cup football tournament has grown important features. Both use ropes, harnesses, and
much more competitive due to globalization. (II) More other specialized equipment for ascending steep
and more players from teams with no history of success granite or blue ice. ……. A rock climber follows the
are getting the chance to play for more experienced natural cracks or weaknesses in the rock whereas,
teams in other countries. (III) Indeed, football is the with ice tools in each hand, an ice climber has more
most popular sport in South America. (IV) Further, the freedom to blaze a path up and is limited only by the
trend now in world football is for games in the ice conditions and the technology of the tools.
competition to be decided by much closer scores. (V) A) Most ice climbing trips require an arduous trek into
This means more suspense for the spectators, a fact the mountains and possibly several nights out in the
that makes watching the matches more enjoyable. cold
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V B) But, the method of climbing in each case is different
C) However, climbing itself has always been considered
to be very dangerous
D) There are many tragic stories of climbing accidents
E) But once you find your footing, ice climbing can
become addictive
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24. Friends are house-hunting and seem set on a

21. In ancient times, long hair on fighting men was certain area near the centre of the town. You don’t
always regarded as a symbol of strength and power. think this is a very good area to choose, as it’s noisy
......... . For instance, in the story of Samson and and crowded there and prices are higher than in other
Delilah, Samson lost his legendary strength when parts of the town. You offer your advice and say:
Delilah cut his hair. A) I can’t understand why you want to move house.
A) The number of hairs on the head varies with colour Your present house is very comfortable, isn’t it?
for reasons still unknown B) Have you looked at houses in the suburbs where
B) What looks like grey hair is actually a mixture of houses are cheaper and there’s less noise?
white hair and the original colour C) This is not a good time for buying a house; wait for
C) Hence, most warriors used to let their hair grow long the spring.
and refused to have it cut D) Obviously the nearer you are to the centre of town
D) Hair grows faster at night and in warm weather the easier everything is.
E) Most people spend more time and money on their E) We’ve lived in the same house for 20 years and are
hair than on any other part of the body not thinking of a move.

21
 Mini Practice Exam 07
25. At your son’s school there has been an essay-
writing competition. Your son worked very hard on his In the years following the Chernobyl reactor disaster in
entry in the competition, researching the material and 1986, nuclear power was seen as a dying industry.
then organizing it. But, he didn’t get a prize, so he’s Public support had lessened because of safety fears,
very disappointed. You want to console him and say: and many countries decided to put a halt to new
A) It doesn’t matter. But next time try a bit harder. reactor construction. But there has recently been a
B) Surely, you must be very upset. dramatic revival of interest in nuclear energy, thanks to
C) They should have told you what your faults were. the twin threats of climate change and energy
D) Never mind; it was a good essay and I know you did insecurity. Nuclear reactors do not emit CO2 when
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your best. they generate electricity, so governments are

E) I never wanted you to enter the competition; I knew increasingly seeing the construction of such reactors as
you wouldn’t win. a way to bring down carbon emissions and generate
stable supplies of electricity.

28. Based on the passage, we may conclude that ………

A) stable supplies of electricity can be generated
without the aid of nuclear reactors
B) threats of climate change and energy insecurity have
recently caused a lack of interest in clean energy
C) as nuclear reactors emit CO2 when they generate
electricity, governments are considering bringing down
their numbers
D) people were worried about safety conditions after
26. Mary was the only one who answered all the the Chernobyl disaster
questions correctly. E) in reaction to the Chernobyl event, many countries
A) Mary should have been the one to answer all decided to have new reactors constructed
questions correctly.
B) Everyone but Mary managed to answer all questions
correctly.
C) Mary wasn’t the only one to give the correct answer.
D) No one but Mary got the correct answer to every
question.
E) Mary answered all the questions correctly, but so did 29. The main subject emphasized in the passage is
several others. ……… .
A) the public’s fears about safety
B) nuclear power as a dying industry
C) the twin threats of climate change and energy
insecurity
D) the dangers of CO2 created by nuclear reactors
E) the renewed interest in nuclear reactors and the
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reasons for it

27. If we had waited for Sally, we would certainly have 30. We learn from the passage that governments are
missed the train. now becoming ……… .
A) It was on account of Sally that we managed to catch A) less worried about climate change
the train. B) more aware of the dangers of nuclear power
B) We all missed the train because we waited for Sally. C) less interested in producing stable electricity supplies
C) We were able to catch the train because we didn’t D) more supportive of nuclear energy
wait for Sally. E) less concerned about carbon emissions in their
D) It was Sally’s fault that she missed the train. countries
E) If we wait for Sally we may miss the train.

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 Mini Practice Exam 08
1. Everyone knows that these two firms have been in 7. Before he ……… in museums, he ……… law in hopes
fierce …………. to get the job of running the hotel. of becoming a specialist in the legal aspects of
A) involvement B) reference antiquities.
C) management D) arrangement A) will work / has studied
E) competition B) works / would study
C) worked / had studied
D) had worked / was studying
E) has worked / studied
2. In the future, surgeons may perform operations that
we can only dream of today, such as inserting genes
into single cells or correcting …….... before a child is
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born.
A) decisions B) remedies
C) defects D) devices 8. Scientists fear that if we ……… to use our natural
E) forces resources so unwisely, we ……… them up completely
by the end of this century.
A) have continued / have used
B) are continuing / are using
C) continued / had used
3. With its luxurious guest rooms, excellent D) had continued / would have used
restaurants and relaxing bar, the hotel ……… the ideal E) continue / will have used
environment for businessmen and tourists alike to
pursue their activities in.
A) describes B) invites
C) means D) offers
E) changes
9. The bellies of countless African children are swollen
………. severe malnutrition.
A) contrary to B) besides
C) apart from D) due to
4. If you think the only ……… of light is to enable us to E) regardless of
see, you couldn’t be more wrong because it affects us
both physically and mentally.
A) ability B) work
C) function D) support
E) responsibility

10. …..….you buy something, you buy it because of the

satisfaction you expect to receive from having it and
using it.
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5. Obviously, during the Second World War, many A) While B) If only

scientists were involved ….. the development of new C) Since D) When
weapons. E) Though
A) by B) in
C) at D) through
E) about

11. ……….the death of the dictator General Franco in

6. Many of the lesser developed countries find it hard 1975, Spain became a constitutional monarchy under
to ….. the more developed ones, due to the rapid King Juan Carlos I.
advances in technology. A) In spite of B) Since
A) make up for B) keep up with C) After D) As well as
C) look out D) turn down E) Instead of
E) run out of

23
 Mini Practice Exam 08
12. If only you had read his report before it was 16. ……..,we cannot infer from this that extraterrestrial
submitted to the committee, you would have realized civilizations do not exist.
how prejudiced he was against the minorities. A) Though researches have made no positive detections
A) Onun raporunu kurula sunulmadan once okumuş of extraterrestrial signals
olsaydın, azınlıklara karşı ne kadar önyargılı olduğunu B) Until radio transmissions from other civilizations
anlardın. were picked up
B) Onun azınlıklara karşı ne kadar kin beslediğini, kurula C) Since a number of sophisticated searches are
sunduğu raporunu okuyarak hemen anlayabilirdin. presently underway at the Radio Astronomy
C) Onun raporunun kurula sunulmadan önceki halini Observatory
okumuş olsaydın, azınlıklardan ne derece nefret ettiğini D) Whenever the possibility of extraterrestrial
açıkça görürdün. civilizations comes to the fore
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D) Azınlıklara karşı ne derece saldırgan olduğunu E) After they began to search for extraterrestrial
anlamak için, onun raporunu kurula sunulmadan önce civilizations by means of radio astronomy
okumalıydın.
E) Onun kurula sunulan raporunu okusaydın, azınlıklara
karşı neden düşmanca davrandığını kolayca anlardın. 17. For a small planet, the Earth is extremely heavy …..
A) whether the liquid iron creates a powerful magnetic
field
B) that two-thirds of it are covered with ocean
C) since its iron core is very large
13. Yargıç, şahidin doğruyu söyleyip söylemediğini D) that the atmosphere screens the sun’s radiation
anlamak için ona bir sürü şaşırtıcı soru sordu. E) if the atmosphere were not rich with oxygen
A) The judge may have asked the witness several hard
questions to test whether or not he was telling the
truth.
B) To find out whether or not the witness was telling 18. Pat: You are never still for a moment so you ought
the truth, the judge asked him a number of confusing to drink more water!
questions. Louise : ………. .
C) The witness was confused by some of the questions Pat : But that's not often enough. Physical exercise
the judge asked, so it was difficult to know whether he blunts the thirst mechanism.
was speaking the truth. Louise : Does it really? I didn't know that.
D) Many of the questions the judge asked were A) So everyone says. But it doesn't seem necessary.
intended to confuse the witness and make him B) I know I ought to. But I keep forgetting.
contradict himself. C) Why do you say that? I drink whenever I feel thirsty.
E) The way the witness answered the judge’s questions D) I prefer fruit juice; and I drink plenty of that.
showed that we had got no nearer to the truth. E) I get all the liquid I need everyday in coffee and tea!

14. ……….. we really ought to leave as soon as possible.

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A) Since we shall probably have a long wait at the bus 19. Mrs Jones: I hear your mother has been taken into
station hospital.
B) Since the roads are always busy at this hour Mrs Farley: Yes. She developed broncho-pneumonia
C) Though it is getting very late and the doctor felt it was advisable.
D) Until we know which plane they are coming on Mrs Jones: ………. .
E) If there’s no need to hurry. Mrs Farley : Something like that. As she's elderly he
said there might be complications that could only be
dealt with adequately in a hospital.
15. Since she has been going to college to complete A)I suppose they thought she might need oxygen
her teacher training, ……… . treatment.
A) she has a great deal of time to travel B) A lot of elderly people refuse to go into hospital.
B) she will work as a fashion model in the future C) It would probably have been far better for her to
C) she hasn’t had the luxury of reading many novels have stayed at home.
D) she can’t become a teacher unless she pays an D) When my mother was ill, I looked after her at home
additional fee and there were no complications.
E) she has become a teacher E) At this time of year, such a lot of elderly people get
problems of this nature.

24
 Mini Practice Exam 08
20. (I) Obviously different people like to spend their 24. Roman law is one of the greatest legal systems
holidays in different ways. (II) Some are only really that have ever existed. ............. The law of most
happy by the sea. (III) In fact everyone loves to go European countries in particular is based upon it.
swimming in the summer. (IV) Others like to take their Historically, after the fall of the Western Roman
holidays in winter and go skiing. (V) Still others think the Empire, much of Roman law seemed to be lost or
best holidays are those spent exploring new places. forgotten, but it reappeared in the eleventh century,
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V when there was a great revival of learning. Then many
European countries began to use Roman law in their
courts.
A) Over the centuries it has had a great influence upon
the law of the world.
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21. (I) Venice is the most romantic of all the Italian B) In fact, the Romans were well advanced in
towns. (II) It is built entirely on islands. (III) It has canals architecture and military techniques.
instead of streets. (IV) In fact, modern Italian culture C) The great Roman statesman Cicero wrote many
has derived a lot from ancient Roman culture. (V) So, books on legal matters.
quite naturally instead of the wheeled traffic of an D) In Roman courts, it was necessary to speak
ordinary town, it has motor boats and steamers as well effectively to defend one’s case.
as the graceful gondola. E) It was in 55 B.C. that the Romans invaded Britain and
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V made it part of their empire.

22. (I) Industrialization came late to Italy. (II) Most of

the industry is in the north along the Po Valley and
particularly around Turin, Genoa and Milan. (III) This
was partly due to political reasons and partly to the lack
of basic raw materials. (IV) It was the availability of
hydroelectric power and a labour force capable of
acquiring the necessary skills, which together brought
about the rapid development in the 20th century. (V)
Indeed, the industrial progress in Italy during the 1950s
has been described as “miraculous”
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

23. The British people are great readers of

newspapers. There are few homes to which one
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newspaper is not delivered every morning. .......... One 25. Although many people do not recall their dreams
newspaper may be delivered at the house, a member in the morning, evidence suggests that non-recallers
of the family may buy one at the station bookstall to do as much dreaming as recallers. If you take people
read on the train as he goes to town, and someone who claim that they have never dreamed in their life
else in the family may buy an evening newspaper later and put them in a dream research laboratory, you will
in the day. get dream recall at rates comparable to other people.
A) Actually, daily papers are those that are published …….…. .
daily from Monday to Saturday. A) In contrast, people can be taught to recognize that
B) Many households have two, or even three they are dreaming
newspapers every day. B) Therefore, investigators do not yet understand why
C) As in other countries newspapers in Britain vary people dream at all
greatly in their ways of presenting the news. C) In that respect, psychologists have demonstrated
D) There are popular newspapers for those who prefer that some control of dream content is possible
entertainment to information. D) However, modern methods of study have answered
E) There are serious papers for those who want to know a great many questions about dreaming
more about important happenings at home and abroad. E) So, if people say, “I never dream”, what they really
mean is, “I can’t recall my dreams”

25
 Mini Practice Exam 08
26. You have a part in the play the school is putting on 28. According to the passage, the survivors of the
for the parents. The rehearsals have started, and plane crash remained on the mountain …….. .
everyone is expected to attend all of them. However, A) with enough food and drink to help them stay alive
your mother is very ill and you have to look after her, B) in order to search for other survivors
so you’ll have to miss the afternoon rehearsal. You call C) and died from exposure to the cold
the teacher in charge to explain the situation. D) for a relatively long period of time
A) My mother goes to hospital, then I will be able to E) so that they could bury their dead comrades
attend the rehearsal.
B) My mother has just had an operation so I’ve been
looking after her, that’s why I missed the rehearsal.
C) I’m tired of all these rehearsals, and as my mother’s
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not well I have to be at home.

D) My mother is starting to feel better so perhaps I will
be able to come to the afternoon rehearsal.
E) My mother really can’t be left alone at the moment
as she’s not at all well, so I’m afraid I can’t come to the
rehearsal this afternoon.

29. We can infer from the passage that no one would

have survived the crash at all …….. .
A) if the survivors had been exposed to tough
conditions on the freezing mountain
B) even though plenty of food and drink had been
available to the survivors
On 13 October, 1972, a plane carrying a group of C) because some of the survivors died of their injuries
Uruguayan rugby players and their families and friends D) if the survivors hadn’t been carrying a great deal of
crashed in the Andes Mountains en route to Chile, cheese with them on the plane
where the team was due to play a friendly match. Of E) if three of the survivors hadn’t gone in search of help
the 45 people on the plane, only 27 survived the plane
crash. On the freezing mountain, they faced tough
conditions, having only small amounts of food and
drink. Nine of the survivors died of their injuries and
from exposure to the cold. Those remaining took the
difficult decision to consume their dead comrades – a
clear case of survival cannibalism. Some refused at first,
but gave in a few days later out of desperation. About
two months after the crash, three of the strongest
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survivors left the site in order to find help; and they

succeeded in doing so. In all, 16 of the group survived.
When they arrived at a hospital in Santiago, they were
reluctant at first to speak of the cannibalism incident,
claiming they had survived by eating cheese they had
been carrying.
30. We understand from the passage that, of the
27. It can be understood from the passage that the original group of 27 survivors, …….. .
survivors of the plane crash …….. . A) some decided to go without food so that their
A) were only the rugby players on their way to Chile friends would have more to eat
B) easily made the decision to eat the flesh of those B) none agreed to eat those who hadn’t survived the
who hadn’t survived the crash crash
C) were supplied with adequate food and drink C) there were only 16 who finally got off the mountain
D) left the crash site together to try to contact help D) the majority froze to death on the mountain
E) did not immediately reveal how they had managed to E) few were willing to share the food they had in their
survive possession

26
 Mini Practice Exam 09
1. Some frozen areas of Greenland have always melted 7. Temperature is difficult to define precisely, .........
each summer, but recent research has shown that the we all have an idea of what we mean by it.
extent of snowmelt in Greenland increased ….. A) whether B) in case
between 1998 and 2012. C) just as D) but
A) vaguely B) roughly E) so far as
C) scarcely D) drastically
E) marginally
8. Emily Dickinson, ......... is a famous New England
poet of the nineteenth century, published only seven
2. Although it is dying out in the towns, folk dance is poems in her lifetime.
still a vibrant tradition in Turkish villages, as you may A) whose B) whom
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well see if you ......... a traditional wedding party. C) which D) about whom
A) involve B) attend E) who
C) demonstrate D) consist
E) relieve

The authors of Goodbye are two sisters and they are

Korean Americans. The book tells the story of a young
3. Orchids are divided ……….. two major categories, Korean girl who [9] ......... to say goodbye to the
based ……….. where they grow. neighbourhood [10]......... she has grown up. The
A) between / to B) among / upon family has decided to move to the US in search of [11]
C) into / on D) to / in ......... life. But the girl feels [12] ......... to leave and has
E) within / at almost no desire to start a new life. It’s a perfect cross-
cultural story for an [13] ......... globalized world.

9.
A) would struggle B) was struggling
4. The use of seatbelts and airbags has ……….. a decline C) had struggled D) struggled
in the total number of deaths from motor vehicle E) is struggling
accidents.
A) suffered from B) resulted in
C) put aside D) shifted from 10.
E) depended upon A) that B) in which
C) how D) from which
E) there

5. Little is known of early Finnish history, but it ......... 11.

that the ancestors of the modern Finns ......... in A) best B) as good a
Finland about 9,000 years ago. C) better D) a better
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A) is thought / arrived E) a best

B) was thought / would arrive
C) has been thought / were arriving
D) had been thought / had been arriving
E) would be thought / would have arrived 12.
A) peaceful B) eager
C) reluctant D) liable
E) decisive

6. The “Concorde” was a business failure and fewer

aircraft of this type ......... than ......... .
A) are sold/ would be expected 13.
B) were sold/had been expected A) increasingly B) indifferently
C) had been sold/ are expected C) enduringly D) improbably
D) had been sold/ were expected E) unlikely
E) were being sold/ have been expected.

27
 Mini Practice Exam 09
14. A job interview is a chance for you to find out 17. The development of computers has been
......... . amazingly rapid, and the future could be different
A) since first impressions are of great importance from today's forecasts.
B) as if you really were the one they were looking for A) Bilgisayarlarda gelişimin şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı
C) if you are going to prepare some relevant questions olması, geleceğin öngörülenden farklı olabileceğini
D) whether you and the job are right for each other gösteriyor.
E) so long as you are able to relax B) Bilgisayarlar şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim
gösterdiği için gelecek bugünden farklı olabilir.
C) Bilgisayarların gelişimi şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı
olmuştur ve gelecek, bugünün tahminlerinden farklı
olabilir.
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D) Şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim gösteren

bilgisayarlar ile gelecek, bugünden farklı olabilir.
E) Bilgisayarlar şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim
göstermiştir, fakat gelecek, bugün düşünülenlerden
farklı olabilir.

15. During the American Revolution, there was

relatively little fighting actually in North Carolina,
......... . 18. Ankara'da M.Ö. 1200 öncesine uzanan Hitit
A) but many North Carolinians were fighting elsewhere kalıntıları bulunmuş olmasına karşın, aslında kent,
B) while the region was established as a colony Frigler tarafından kurulmuştur.
C) since it is the nation's largest textile end furniture A) Ankara was really discovered by the Phrygians and
producer Hittite remains dating back to 1200 B.C. have been
D) so long as it was one of the most densely populated found there.
regions of the country B) Although Hittite remains dating back to before 1200
E) as the first settlements were established in the B.C. have been found in Ankara, the town was really
region In 1653 founded by the Phrygians.
D) There are Hittite remains in Ankara which seem to
date back to 1200 B.C. but it was the Phrygians who
actually founded the town
E) Ankara was founded by the Phrygians but prior to
that around 1200 B.C. the Hittites had already been
there.
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16. …………, modern grand pianos have metal frames 19. (I) Tourism takes people to new places and
with heavier strings and can be played much more broadens their understanding and knowledge of other
loudly. cultures and environments. (II) This is an educational
A) Since the only instrument symbolizing the Romantic process and is an important part of the industry. (III)
period is the piano New sporting venues, entertainment facilities, and
B) Whereas some pianos have a third central pedal like restaurants are just some of the many positive side-
that of a tambourine effects that tourism creates for the local population.
C) Though many orchestral works are arranged for the (IV) If directed properly, this education can lead to a
piano greater awareness, sympathy and admiration for other
D) While early pianos are largely made of wood and societies. (V) This cultural exchange can help foster
have a delicate sound peace among different cultures.
E) As the glockenspiel piano requires years of training to A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
master

28
 Mini Practice Exam 09
20. (I) In many parts of Asia, cranes are held sacred as 23. Researchers at the University of Michigan carried
symbols of happiness, good luck, long life and peace. (II) out tests on a group of healthy people who were
Although these birds are held in such esteem, they are exposed to pollution equivalent to that experienced
also being destroyed. (III) In fact, cranes are among the on a busy roadside. ….. . Such blood vessel constriction
most endangered families of birds. (IV) As many as nine will be especially serious among people who have, or
of the planet’s 15 crane species are threatened with are at risk of, heart disease.
extinction because of habitat loss. (V) The image of A) High levels of smog and soot may also increase the
cranes can be seen in prehistoric art, on Egyptian risk of cardiovascular problems
tombs, and on the totems of Native Americans. B) Researchers have finally come close to finding a
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V possible explanation for the link
C) There is apparently a link between air pollution and
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deaths from heart attacks

D) Car exhaust fumes are one of the major sources of
air pollution
E) Tests showed that their blood vessels had narrowed
by two to four per cent

21. (I) Cameroon has begun to make one of its deadly

lakes safe at last. (II) With the increase in oil, timber and
coffee exports, Cameroon's economy has improved
remarkably over recent years. (III) Engineers have
started installing pipes to remove carbon dioxide
building up in the depths of Lake Monoun, which could
erupt at any time and suffocate people nearby. (IV) The
pipes will begin pumping out the gas by the end of the
year. (V) This should make Lake Monoun safe within a
year and a half.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
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22. Envy is the feeling we get when we want 24. One sign of sleep deprivation is requiring an alarm
something that belongs to someone else. Mild envy clock to wake up. ….. . Well-rested people drop off in
might be socially acceptable, but in the workplace, 10 to 15 minutes. A third clue is happing at will.
envy is often more than mild. ………. Some institutions, A) Another is falling asleep within 5 minutes after going
for instance, suffer so much from envy that it destroys to bed
their professional foundation. B) When people get enough rest, they remain awake
A) Most workplaces, however, tend to be social whatever the provocation
institutions. C) Moreover, lack of sleep makes people irritable
B) In fact, it is quite common but rarely causes D) Most people sleep longer at weekends
problems. E) Inadequate sleep is a major factor in human error
C) Indeed, it can be an invisible and destructive force.
D) When envy occurs, people tend to work even harder.
E) Just what causes so much envy is an area to be
investigated.

29
 Mini Practice Exam 09
People may be overweight, not because they eat too Certain records have come to light recently, with
much, but because they spend too little energy. More suggest that it was the Chinese who discovered
than one - third of the overweight population report no America. And they found it nearly three quarters of a
physical activity at all during their leisure time. Some century before Columbus did. It’s a sad fact of life, and
overweight people are so extraordinarily inactive that of our rather poor historical education, that Europeans
even when they eat less than thin people, they still have tend to have a Eurocentric view of history.
an energy surplus. Reducing their food intake further Unfortunately, it’s not usually realized that China had
would be a threat to their health. Physical activity, then, an empire and a civilization that put medieval Europe
is a necessary component of nutritional health. People to shame. Culturally, politically and even scientifically,
must be physically active if they are to eat enough food China’s home-grown experiments and experiences
to deliver all the nutrients they need without unhealthy could not be matched for a long time. In the meantime,
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weight gain. One hundred years ago, 30 per cent of the the Chinese were enthusiastic travellers and explorers.
energy used in farm and factory work came from Indeed, Chinese navigators were also far more
muscle power; today only 1 per cent does. Modern advanced than any in the West.
technology, resulting in such things as computers and
washing - machines, has replaced physical activity at 28. It is clear from the passage that, in the Middle
home, at work, and in transportation. Under-activity is Ages, ......... .
probably the single most important contributor to A) China was far ahead of Europe in several aspects
overweight. And in most cases, television watching B) the European civilisation was the best in the world
makes the biggest contribution to physical inactivity. C) the Chinese empire was rapidly getting smaller
D) scientific experiments were banned in both Europe
25. One point emphasized in the passage concerning and China
the problem of overweight is that …….. . E) history was a major part of European education
A) it is threatening the lives and the happiness of a
great many people
B) the best solution is to eat less
C) it is by no means a modern phenomenon
D) people need to be made more aware of how it can
be overcome
E) it is usually the result of too little physical activity 29. It is pointed out in the passage that medieval
Chinese sailors ......... .
A) came to America by mere chance
B) knew much less than Columbus about other lands
26. As it is pointed out in the passage, modern C) were only interested in trading activities
technology …….. . D) greatly admired European explorers including
A) may make our working hours less active but does not Columbus
affect our leisure hours E) were far more experienced and skilful than European
B) has more advantages than disadvantages ones
C) is, directly or indirectly, responsible for many of the
overweight people in the world
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D) has led to a greater reduction of physical activity at

home than in the workplace
E) has revolutionized the work of the agricultural
labourer but not of the factory worker
30. We understand from the passage that the writer
......... .
A) seems fully convinced that America was first
27. According to the passage, there are many factors discovered by the Europeans
contributing to modern-life under-activity, but the B) criticises the Europeans for their narrow
main one is …….. . understanding of history
A) driving to work instead of walking C) is not really interested in Chinese culture and
B) watching television achievements
C) labour-saving devices in the home D) has no documentary evidence of any kind to support
D) the use of computers in offices his ideas
E) fast - food services E) is very biased in favour of Europe

30
 Mini Practice Exam 10
1. No one knows for certain when the first 8. Most developing countries do not have China’s
Anglo-Saxon settlements were made in Britain, but it bureaucratic depth and tradition, ………… do they have
is ......... that some of them at any rate were founded the ability to control personnel in the way that China’s
about the middle of the fifth century A.D. party structure allows.
A) temporary B) vital A) nor B) so
C) probable D) contemporary C) much as D) the more
E) urgent E) not only

2. The tourists had intended to walk along the coast to 9. Freud's favourite way of understanding his patients
the next town but were ......... from doing so by the was dream interpretation, ………… he encouraged
stormy weather. people to talk without restraint about their dreams.
A) deceived B) influenced A) but B) while
C) compelled D) encouraged C) although D) so
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E) prevented E) before

3. In a recent press conference, the company ………… Since life began, more than 3.5 billion years ago,
their plans to launch a new hybrid car in autumn. evolution has produced an [10]…….. variety of living
A) originated B) revealed things. Some [11]…….. as fossils that tell us about how
C) qualified D)advised they lived. They show that animal life underwent an
E) contributed explosive burst of evolution about 545 billion years ago.
Some of these animals had strange body forms that
have not been seen since. Furthermore, the first plants
4. Deflation is a situation where the prices ………… moved from water [12]…….. land about 440 million
goods years ago, and by about 325 million years ago, the first
in an economy are, ………… average, falling rather than flying insects had taken to air. [13]…….., there have also
rising. been setbacks. [14]…….. at least five occasions, mass
A) at / from B)for / in extinctions have wiped out huge number of species.
C) in / within D)of /on
E) from / of 10.
A) inferior B) identical
C) approximate D) impossible
5. When American independence ……….. in 1776, two- E) enormous
fifths of all settlers ……….. of non-English origin.
A) was declared / were
B) had been declared / would be 11.
C) declared / had been A) have been preserved B) were to be preserved
D) would be declared / could be C) will be preserved D) had been preserved
E) may have been declared / must have been E) would have been preserved
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6. Infertility is a problem that ……….. more and more 12.

couples than ever before, as people ……….. longer to A) within B) above
have children. C) into D) through
A) had affected / could wait E) onto
B) was affecting / waited
C) has affected / will wait 13.
D) is affecting / wait A) Moreover B) Therefore
E) will be affecting / were waiting C) However D) Otherwise
E) Likewise

7. The tsunami that hit Japan was ……….. destructive

……….. not much was left when search-and-rescue 14.
teams finally reached there. A) As B) By
A) as / as B) rather / than C) From D) On
C) too / enough D) so / that E) For
E) such / as well

31
 Mini Practice Exam 10
15. There has been a considerable increase in the 17. ……….., journalists had to stand on their feet for
number of cases of skin cancer due to the damage to over two hours.
the ozone layer. A) After the ceremony, the spectators left the stadium
A) Cilt kanseri vakalarının sayısı, ozon tabakasında in an orderly fashion
meydana gelen delikten dolayı son yıllarda giderek B) As the ceremony was too long to test the patience of
artmıştır. spectators in the stadium
B) Ozon tabakasının zarar görmesinden sonra cilt C) While the invited guests enjoyed the ceremony from
kanseri vakalarının sayısında önemli bir artış the comfort of their seats
gözlenmiştir. D) When the media’s role gets the attention it deserves
C) Ozon tabakasının zarar görmesinden dolayı cilt from the organizers
kanseri vakalarının sayısında önemli bir artış olmuştur. E) Whereas Congo’s national team did not get any
D) Cilt kanserine yakalanan kişilerin sayısı, ozon media coverage during the event
tabakasında meydana gelen büyük zarardan sonra
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artmıştır.
E) Ozon tabakasının zarar görmesiyle birlikte, cilt
kanserine yakalanan hastaların sayısındaki artış dikkat
çekmektedir.

18. ………… that absorbs energy from the Sun's rays

and uses it to make food.
A) Roots of the plant are nourished with water
B) Plants are grown in large containers
C) Some chemicals control plant growth
D) Plants are unique in their ability to produce food
E) A leaf is often a flat structure

16. Some historians accept that an important part of

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the European civilization is made up of the adaptation

of technologies and skills from Asia and Africa.
A)Avrupa uygarlığının önemli bir kısmının Asya ve
Afrika’daki teknoloji ve beceriler sayesinde geliştiğini
kabul eden tarihçiler yanılırlar.
B)Bazı tarihçiler, Avrupa uygarlığının bir kısmının Asya
ve Afrika’dan alınan teknoloji ve becerilerin uyarlaması
olduğunu kabul ederler.
C)Avrupa uygarlığının büyük bir kısmının Asya ve
Afrika’dan alınan teknoloji ve becerilerin uyarlanmasıyla
oluştuğunu kabul eden tarihçiler vardır.
D)Bazı tarihçiler, Avrupa uygarlığının önemli bir kısmının 19. Even if the current results are inconclusive, ………
Asya ve Afrika’daki teknoloji ve becerilerin A) the experiment shows that the research is promising.
uyarlanmasından oluştuğunu kabul ederler. B) no further research is necessary in the area.
E)Bazı tarihçiler, Avrupa uygarlığının büyük bir kısmının C) who will finance the research in the future?
Asya ve Afrika’dan alınan teknoloji ve becerilerle D) no one wants to be involved in the experiments.
oluştuğunu belirtirler E) better preparation is needed for future experiments.

32
 Mini Practice Exam 10
20. During World War II submarines played an 22. (I) California is famous for crazy ideas. (II) Indeed,
important military role in the world’s oceans. ......... . If Californians value crazy ideas, and their inventive spirit
this had continued Britain would almost certainly have has done much to change the world. (III) Television, the
been defeated. She was saved by the development of laser, and human insulin were all ideas developed in
submarine-detecting radar. California. (IV) Sometimes one is surprised at what
A) Actually America was the first country to recognize succeeds and indeed becomes popular. (V) And, indeed,
the submarine’s military value so was the seedless watermelon.
B) Nuclear power is the ideal fuel for submarines as A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
huge amounts of energy are present in a small space
C) German submarines attacked transatlantic shipping
with great success, and this caused America to enter
the war
D) In the Atlantic, for instance, German submarines
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began to sink British shipping far faster than it could be

replaced
E) Early US-designed submarines were powered by a
petrol engine when on the surface and by batteries
when below the surface

23.From about 1300 until about the middle of the

fifteenth century, disasters struck throughout western
Europe with appalling severity and dismaying
persistence. …….. Then came the most terrible natural
disaster of all: the dreadful plague known as “the
Black Death.” It reduced the total population of
western Europe by at least one half and caused great
hardships for most of the survivors.
A) Europe emerged in the later fifteenth century with a
healthier economy.
B) Of these disasters, famine was the most widespread
and persistent.
C) There was a limit to the amount of land that could be
cleared for farming.
D) Overcrowding made Europe’s cities particularly
vulnerable to the plague.
E) Large-scale banking had already emerged during the
thirteenth century.
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21. Scientists are now looking to the computer

industry for alternative ways to help Alzheimer's
patients. One approach is centred on a small camera
called SenseCam, worn like a necklace that takes
photographs automatically throughout the day. …………
. Each photograph can help patients remember those
things that make up a person's identity. 24. (I) The world's most ambitious solar power project
A) The idea is to use the images not to replace memory is scheduled to begin in Morocco. (II) The plan is to use
but to stimulate it. solar panels across the Sahara Desert to make use of
B) Dozens of groups are now working on pilot tests of the Sun's rays, which shine there all year round. (III) The
the device for memory impairments. destination seems to be ideal for a holiday in the sun.
C) A video camera may be able to slow the damaging (IV) Because North Africa's sunlight is so intense, solar
effects of Alzheimer's disease. panels used by this project could generate up to three
D) Some people are sceptical about the device as older times the electricity produced by similar projects in
people are often against technology. Northern Europe. (V) By 2050, this system could supply
E) The studies on the device show that they have no 15-20% of Europe's electricity requirements.
real practical application. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

33
 Mini Practice Exam 10
The Lovell Telescope is the world’s oldest and most Science, ever since the time of the Arabs, has had two
sensitive radio telescope. It consists of a giant white functions: to enable us to know things, and to enable us
dish supported at a great height on a large and to do things. The Greeks, with the exception of
complicated structure of steel. The telescope can pick Archimedes, were only interested in the first of these.
up signals in the universe that are 10 billion light years They had much curiosity about the world, however,
away. And so it is truly extraordinary. The steel since civilized people lived comfortably on slave labour,
structure that carries it, however, has the usual and they had no interest in the “application” of such
very ordinary disadvantage of being liable to rust. This, knowledge to improve lives. The Arabs, on the other
of course, means that it has to be painted regularly. hand, wished to discover the philosopher’s stone, the
Painting this, however, is not an ordinary or a simple elixir of life, and how to turn base metals into gold. In
task. The men who do the painting are given a special the pursuit of these things, they discovered many facts
training which includes rescue work. As they do the about chemistry, but they did not arrive at any valid and
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painting, the men work from ropes as this is the important general laws, and “application” remained
method which has been found to be the safest way of elementary. However, in the late Middle Ages, two
working at a height. discoveries were made which had profound
importance. These were gunpowder and the mariner’s
compass. It is not known who made these discoveries –
25. It is pointed out in the passage that the Lovell the only thing certain is that it was not Roger Bacon,
Telescope ......... . who was an English philosopher of the time.
A) only picks up signals effectively when the angle of
the dish is in line with them
B) can pick up signals that are an immense distance 28. The reason why the Greeks were not concerned
away with the “application” of knowledge ………. .
C) is no longer the world’s most sensitive radio A) is that they preferred to use slave labour so that they
telescope did not have to face the hardships of life
D) does not need to be supported at a great height in B) can be explained by the fact that they were the first
order to function efficiently to attempt to understand the nature of the world
E) is old and so less efficient than it used to be C) is that the notion of developing “applications” did
not occur to them at all
D) is that the areas they studied did not yield any
“applications”
E) lies in the fact that they had no interest in making
any new discoveries
26. It’s clear from the passage that the steel structure
supporting the Lovell Telescope ......... . 29. According to the passage, Archimedes ……. .
A) should have been given a less complicated design A) was a follower of the scientific tradition developed
B) turned out to be more expensive than had been by Arabs
estimated B) is a rather insignificant figure in the world of Greeks
C) has to be replaced completely at regular intervals C) did as much as the rest of the Greek scientists to
D) presents a serious maintenance problem advance science
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E) has to be painted at least once a year D) was not only interested in knowing things but also
doing things
E) studied the world as he was curious as regards how it
was formed

30. The discovery of gunpowder and the mariner’s

27. It is clear from the passage that the work of compass in the Middle Ages ………. .
painting the steel structure of this telescope ......... . A) was immediately put to use by the Greeks
A) requires special skills and is also comparatively B) was made by a group of scientists headed by Roger
dangerous Bacon
B) is quite straightforward once the method has C) shows that the Arabs were primitive in their
been learned knowledge of chemistry
C) requires the removal of the dish D) was made possible by the joint scientific efforts of
D) is relatively easy but extremely boring the Arabs and Greeks
E) can be done by anyone who knows how to paint E) had a great influence on people’s lives

34
 Mini Practice Exam 11
1. For the world’s automotive industry, this year’s 8. ......... inflation and unemployment rise sharply in
Dubai Motor Show is a rare opportunity to ......... Europe, the solidarity of the European Union could
serious business with wealthy customers in the Middle break down in some damaging ways.
East. A) If B) As if
A) lift B) purchase C) Unless D) Until
C) relate D) conduct E) Even though
E) satisfy

9. Deep-sea diving can cause medical problems .........

2. The major component of most gallstones is air embolism and decompression sickness, which can
cholesterol, though some are ......... of calcium salts. be fatal if not treated promptly.
A) swept away B) kept away A) as regards B) as far as
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C) broken down D) looked after C) also D) such as

E) made up E) just as

3. There ......... various indications that the current Eritrea was part of the first Ethiopian kingdom of
financial crisis ......... a damaging effect on technology Aksum [10] ......... its decline in the 8th century. It came
companies. under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th
A) are / is having century, and [11]......... of the Egyptians. The Italians
B) were / will have [12] ......... the coastal areas in 1885, and the Treaty of
C) had been / has had Uccialli, signed on 2nd May 1889, gave Italy [13] .........
D) have been / would have had over part of Eritrea. The Italians ruled the colony until
E) would have been / had had World War II. It was made an Ethiopian province in
1962, but a civil war [14] ......... against the Ethiopian
government led by rebel groups who opposed the
4. Russia ......... earlier this week that it ......... all its union and wanted independence for Eritrea.
troops out of Georgia.
A) had announced / pulled 10.
B) announces / would have pulled A) through B) over
C) announced / had pulled C) until D) with
D) is announcing / has pulled E) in
E) has announced / was pulling

11.
5. About 20 to 40 per cent of pancreatic cancer cases A) subsequently B) widely
are cured ......... chemotherapy followed ......... C) unanimously D) earnestly
radiation therapy or surgery. E) extensively
A) about / over B) from / to
C) with / by D) of / into
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E) at / through 12.
A) capture B) will capture
C) have captured D) captured
6. The objective ......... a proper diet is to achieve and E) are capturing
maintain a desirable body composition and a large
capacity ......... physical and mental work.
A) through / through B) on / within 13.
C) at / across D) of / for A) institution B) sovereignty
E) after / between C) treatment D) opposition
E) prominence

7. The Caucasus is a strategically vital region .........

could play a critical role in the European Union’s 14.
future energy security. A) broke out B) took off
A) whereas B) who C) set out D) kept on
C) as D) whereby E) went forward
E) that

35
 Mini Practice Exam 11
15. ........., but it no longer sponsors terrorism. 19. Undernutrition, a deficiency of essential nutrients,
A) North Korea had long wanted to reach an agreement can result from inadequate intake because of poor diet
with the US or poor absorption from the intestine.
B) North Korea had, until recently, no intention of giving A) Temel besin eksikliği olan yetersiz beslenme, az
up nuclear weapons beslenmeden veya bağırsaktaki az emilimden dolayı
C) The North Koreans and the Japanese have had talks yeterli gıda alınmamasından kaynaklanabilir.
on a variety of issues B) Az beslenme veya bağırsaktaki az emilim sonucu
D) Two decades ago, two North Korean agents blew up temel besinlerin yeterli alınamaması nedeniyle,
a South Korean airliner beslenme yetersizliği oluşur.
E) North Korea’s regime may be brutal in all sorts of C) Temel besin eksikliği olarak anlaşılan beslenme
ways yetersizliği, az beslenme veya bağırsakta az emilim
sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır.
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D) Az beslenme veya bağırsaktaki az emilim nedeniyle

yeterli gıda alınamaması, temel besinlerin eksikliğine ve
yetersiz beslenmeye yol açmaktadır.
16. ......... where bones that span six million years of E) Temel besinlerin eksikliğine bağlı olarak oluşan
human evolution have been dug up over the last 25 beslenme yetersizliğinin kaynağı, az beslenme veya
years. bağırsaktan az emilim olmasıdır.
A) New archaeological evidence helps us to understand
the evolution of primitive humans
B) Various fossils have recently been found in an
Ethiopian valley
C) The history of human evolution can best be traced
through the study of fossils
D) The new discoveries in Ethiopia significantly expand
our knowledge of primitive humans 20. New Zealand was the first country in the world to
E) In Ethiopia, a wide range of fossils, including teeth, give women in 1893 the right to vote.
skull, jaw and hand bones, have been discovered A) 1893’te dünyada kadınlara ilk seçme hakkı verilen
ülke Yeni Zelanda’dır.
B) Dünyada kadınlara 1893’te ilk seçme hakkını veren
ülke Yeni Zelanda olmuştur.
17. When François Mitterrand nationalized France’s C) Yeni Zelanda, dünyada, kadınlara 1893’te seçme
banks in 1981, ......... . hakkı veren ilk ülkeydi.
A) he opposed the view that economic liberty had been D) Dünyada kadınlara ilk seçme hakkı, 1893’te Yeni
under attack Zelanda’da verilmiştir.
B) he had already decided to minimize these risks in a E) Kadınlara 1893’te seçme hakkı verilen dünyadaki ilk
short term ülke, Yeni Zelanda idi.
C) he had tried to avoid populist gestures
D) his ultimate aim has been to regulate France’s
financial system
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E) he did so because he thought the state would run

them better

21. Zimbabve’den, insanların açlıktan ölmeye

başladıklarına ilişkin yürek parçalayıcı haberler
18. New Zealand consists of two main islands and a sızmaktadır.
number of smaller, outlying islands, which are so A) Heart-rending news has been filtering out from
scattered ......... . Zimbabwe that the people are starting to die of
A) while the country has been in the forefront in starvation.
instituting social welfare legislation B) One gets heart-rending news out of Zimbabwe that
B) as other inhabited islands include the Chatham the people there are dying of starvation.
Islands and Great Barrier Island C) The news out of Zimbabwe that people are about to
C) even if the North Island and the South Island are die of starvation is heart-rending.
separated by the Cook Strait D) The heart-rending news that has been leaked out of
D) since the Maoris, who consisted of several tribes, Zimbabwe is that people have been dying of starvation.
were the first inhabitants of the country E) The news that the people in Zimbabwe have been
E) that they range from the tropical to the Antarctic dying of starvation is extremely heartrending.

36
 Mini Practice Exam 11
22. Shakespeare, her ne kadar tüm yaratıcılık enerjisini 24. At the start of the twentieth century, Britain was
öncelikle sahneye odaklamış olsa da, kendisi aynı still the greatest world power. By the middle of the
zamanda çağının en önde gelen lirik şairi idi. century, although still one of the “Big Three”, Britain
A) Even if Shakespeare’s creative energy was primarily was clearly weaker than both the United States and
focused on the stage, he was indeed the most admired the Soviet Union. ......... . Its power had ended as
lyric poet of the period. quickly as Spain’s had done in the seventeenth
B) For Shakespeare, the stage was the focus of his century. One reason for this sudden decline of Britain
creative energy, but he was also a leading lyric poet of was the cost and effort of two world wars.
his time. A) Indeed, by the end of the 1970s, Britain was no
C) It was on the stage that Shakespeare mainly focused longer even among the richest European powers
his creative energy, even though he was regarded as B) In electronics and technology, Britain is still a world
the most eminent lyric poet of the period. competitor
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D) Shakespeare was the most respected lyric poet of his C) No one doubts that Britain is living in an age of
age, although his creative energy was mainly focused uncertainty
on the stage. D) But the most important reason was the basic
E) Although Shakespeare focused all his creative energy weaknesses in Britain’s industrial power
primarily on the stage, he was as well the foremost lyric E) The discovery of oil in the North Sea has given Britain
poet of his age. a great deal of economic advantage

25. During World War II, the Allies had started to think
of ways in which a new world order could replace the
23. Most foreign tourists visiting London come to see failed League of Nations. Even before it joined the war
the Houses of Parliament. This monumental Gothic against Germany and its allies, the US had agreed on
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building on the River Thames is probably Britain’s an “Atlantic Charter” with Britain. The basis of this
best-known landmark. Indeed, the people who come new charter was US President Roosevelt’s “Four
to visit it may know very little and care even less about Freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship,
what happens inside, but they appreciate the place as freedom from fear, and freedom from want. At the
one of the greatest achievements of nineteenth- end of the war, the victorious Allies created the United
century art. ......... . Indeed, the Parliament is a Nations, which expressed the ideas of the Atlantic
magnificent building. Charter. ......... .
A) Before the Norman Conquest in 1066, King Edward A) In the early 1960s, Britain was increasingly interested
the Confessor established his palace on the site in joining the newly-formed European Community
B) Also, most of those who work daily in the building B) In 1948, the Soviet Union tried to capture West
remain awed by its artistic power Berlin by stopping all road and rail traffic to it
C) The disaster of the great fire of 1834 destroyed much C) Thus, they hoped that the success of the wartime
of the medieval palace alliance could be carried into peacetime
D) For security reasons, the Houses of Parliament can D) All these military and scientific developments drew
no longer be viewed by the general public Britain more closely to the US
E) The word “parliament” derives from the French word E) During the post-war period, Britain was seriously
“parler”, which means “to speak” or “to talk” concerned about the danger from the Soviet Union

37
 Mini Practice Exam 11
26. Little is known about the life of women in the C) Relax. Though you haven’t got much experience in
Middle Ages, but without doubt it was hard. ......... . It research, you are a promising scientist, and I am sure
also spread two very different ideas about women. So, they will take that into consideration.
on the one hand, women were regarded as pure and D) It is too early for someone like you to be welcomed
holy, while, on the other, they could not be trusted as a speaker at an international conference. You need
and were a moral danger to men. Such religious to show your seriousness of purpose in your studies.
teaching led men both to worship and also to look E) As far as I am concerned, you should never have
down on women. submitted your proposal because I know your research
A) It is unlikely that love played much of a part in most for this paper has been very limited.
marriages
B) Marriage was always the single most important event
in the lives of medieval men and women
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C) This was because by marriage a family could improve

its wealth and social position
D) The Church taught that women were always to obey 29. You are the moderator at a panel on tax reform.
their husbands The discussion has drifted into a debate on the
E) Once married, a woman had to accept her husband question of whether indirect taxation needs to be
as her master abolished altogether. You feel that, instead of
narrowing the panel down to a single issue, the
speakers should deal with various other issues that are
related to taxation and tax reform in general. So you
turn to the speakers and say:
27. Our knowledge of the Celts in Britain is slight. As A) I think we have to look at tax reform from various
with previous groups of settlers, we do not even know angles. So I would like you to discuss many different
for certain whether the Celts invaded Britain or came aspects of the subject rather than focus only on one
peacefully as a result of the lively trade with Europe aspect.
from about 750 B.C. onwards. At first, most of Celtic B) I can see that you’ll never reach an agreement on tax
Britain seems to have developed in a generally similar reform. In this case, there is no use in discussing
way. ......... . Consequently, this fall led to serious indirect taxation.
economic and political differences between the Celts C) I am glad to point out that each speaker has dealt
of southeast Britain and those of the northwest. with tax reform in detail and come up with a wide range
A) The Celts were joined by new arrivals from the of recommendations that need to be taken into
European mainland consideration.
B) The Celtic tribes continued the same kind of D) We all know that indirect taxation is widely practised
agriculture as the Bronze Age people before them in the world, and so it is important that this taxation
C) The Celts knew how to work with iron and could must be looked at from different angles.
make a variety of weapons E) All this time, no speaker has yet addressed the
D) But from about 500 B.C., trade contact with Europe problem of indirect taxation. So I would urge every
declined speaker to discuss how this form of taxation can best be
E) During the Celtic period, women may have played an reformed.
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important role in political life

28. A young colleague of yours is worried that the

proposal for a paper he has submitted to the scientific 30 . (I) Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a
committee of an international conference may be vast cultural movement began to sweep across Europe.
rejected due to his lack of advanced research (II) Within the Romantic movement, a group of
experience. As a senior colleague, well aware of his composers were inspired by new ideas about national
research capacity and seriousness of purpose, you identity. (III) The movement, known as Romanticism,
wish to cheer him up and encourage him by saying: called into question many of the principles of the
A) I told you that your paper needs to be extensively eighteenth-century Enlightenment. (IV) In other words,
revised. You may be good at research, but your the Romantics began to question human reason and the
arguments in the paper are extremely controversial. uniformity of human nature. (V) Moreover, they
B) I know how a scientific committee reaches a emphasized the diversity of humanity, and the
decision. Chances are slim for your paper to be importance of spontaneity, creativity, emotion and
accepted as it is hardly based on sound research. passion.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

38
 Mini Practice Exam 11
31. (I) By the fall of 1933, Germany had become a one 35.
party state. (II) Soon afterward, the socialist and Judy : What do you know about John Stuart Mill?
communist left were crushed by the Nazi regime. (III) Tom : As far as I can recall, he was the most committed
Almost all non-Nazi organizations were either abolished and influential defender of personal liberty in
or forced to become part of the Nazi system. (IV) At the Victorian Britain in the 19th century.
same time, party propaganda sought to impress citizens Judy : ......... .
with the regime’s ideology. (V) In fact, the 1928 election Tom : Indeed, he was. He wrote many essays on
in Germany was a turning point for the Nazis. women’s political rights.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V A) Agreed. In his On Liberty, he defended individual
freedom in the face of the state and “the tyranny of the
majority.”
B) I know his On Liberty became one of the defining
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32. (I) Columbus was not the first European to set foot texts of Western liberalism.
on the American continents. (II) Viking sailors had C) He strongly argued that human freedom was
reached and briefly settled present-day Newfoundland essential to social progress.
and perhaps New England around the year 1000. (III) D) Yet, for me, more importantly, he was a dedicated
But knowledge of these Viking landings had been supporter of suffrage for women.
forgotten throughout Europe for hundreds of years. (IV) E) Historically, the Reform Bill of 1867 in Britain marked
It would not be right, therefore, to deny Columbus the high point of British liberalism.
credit for his accomplishments. (V) In fact, Columbus
brought back no Asian spices from his voyages.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

33. A drug may affect several functions, even though

it’s targeted at only one.
A) While a drug may be used for various functions, it
becomes effective only if it is taken for a specific
function.
B) Despite various other uses, a drug usually has a
function for a special effect. 36.
C) The functions expected of a drug are various even if John : By the way, can you tell me what the expression
it is used for a specific disease. “the scramble for Africa” means?
D) However effective a drug may be, its functions have Harry : Oh, I thought you knew it, since you are
to be several. seriously interested in the history of Africa.
E) A drug is taken for a specific purpose, but it may have John : ......... .
a range of other effects. Harry : Well, it is about the colonization of Africa. It
indicates the scope and speed with which the major
European powers, excited by stories of rubber forests
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and rich diamond mines, conquered and colonized

Africa in the 19th century.
34. What is certain is that Azerbaijan’s oil-fired A) For instance, I know that in 1884 a conference,
economy has been booming in recent years. attended by the representatives of the European
A) Although Azerbaijan’s economy is largely dependent colonial powers, was held in Berlin to settle the matter
on oil, in recent years it has entered a period of of control over the Congo River basin.
recession. B) It has been pointed out that by the 1830s the French
B) There is no doubt that, over the past few years, had created a general government of their possessions
Azerbaijan’s economy, which thrives entirely on oil, has in Algeria.
been growing fast. C) I am afraid I don’t. I came across it in an article I was
C) Since Azerbaijan’s economic prosperity is related to reading yesterday. There was no explanation given.
oil, there has been some minor improvement lately. D) Actually, the colonial powers’ partition of Africa in
D) It is only in recent years that, because of its oil, the 19th century was the most striking instance of
Azerbaijan has experienced some economic progress. European imperialism.
E) Over the past few years, due to an increase in its oil E) According to some eyewitness reports, in the
output, Azerbaijan’s economy has become much colonies, Africans worked in appalling conditions, with
stronger. no medicine or sanitation and too little food.

39
 Mini Practice Exam 11
The 16th century in England is generally known as the 38. It is pointed out in the passage that the changes
Tudor period, which historically lasted from 1485 to that took place in Tudor England ……… .
1603. Among the famous Tudor sovereigns were Henry A) were fundamentally inspired by the social and
VII, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I. In fact, the early years of economic developments already being witnessed in
the Tudor period were marked by significant changes in Europe
trade and in the arts of war. Henry VII made B) had far-reaching effects on social and economic life
commercial treaties with European countries. C) were mainly confined to social life and improved the
Economically, England, which had always been a efficiency of the feudal social order
sheep-raising country, was by now manufacturing and D) initially resulted from a revision of the traditional
exporting significant amounts of cloth. As lands were arts of war that had depended on the use of cannons
enclosed to permit grazing on a larger scale, people and firearms
E) greatly reduced all the political and legal powers that
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were driven off the land to the cities, and London grew
into a metropolitan market with sophisticated English sovereigns had traditionally enjoyed and used
commercial institutions. These changes had an impact
on the traditional feudal social order, which also began
to decline; also, due to the introduction of cannons and
firearms, the feudal system of warfare became
obsolete. Yet, it would be a mistake to imagine these
changes as sudden and dramatic. In fact, it was a slow
and long process whereby England was transformed
into a modern state.

39. One understands from the passage that the Tudor

dynasty in England ……… .
A) was best represented by Henry VIII, who followed a
policy of friendship with other countries
B) introduced a number of military reforms in order to
build the strongest army in Europe
C) focused its main attention on the improvement of
agriculture in the country
D) was represented by powerful sovereigns, who played
a leading role in European politics
E) came to power in the late fifteenth century and ruled
the country over a century
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37. According to the passage, it was during the Tudor 40. On the basis of the passage, one can state that,
period that ……… . during the Tudor period, England ……… .
A) England’s overseas trade was adversely affected by A) earned large amounts of revenue from its exports
ongoing wars in Europe B) took little interest in the affairs of continental Europe
B) feudalism in England was further strengthened C) experienced a long process of social and economic
C) England’s exports to European countries were transformation
significantly in decline D) emerged as a major sheep-raising country in Europe
D) sheep-raising was introduced into England, which E) remained totally indifferent to the economic and
had large areas of grazing political changes in Europe
E) London was transformed into a major trade centre

40
 Mini Practice Exam 12
1. Many cell phones now have the same ……… as 8. The private sector in the Gulf states employs mostly
personal computers. expatriate workers, ……… the majority of nationals are
A) functionality B) ambition employed in the public sector with higher wages and
C) care D) worry job protection.
E) attentiveness A) so that B) just as
C) while D) unless
E) in case
2. During the 1970s, the West African state of Niger’s
economy flourished from uranium production, but
when uranium prices fell in the 1980s, its ……… period 9. Made out of metal so that it conducts the charge,
of prosperity ended. the lightning rod is usually located ……… high ………
A) unpredictable B) various possible because of lightning’s tendency to strike the
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C) brief D) excessive nearest object to it.

E) successive A) so / as B) as / as
C) more / than D) both / and
E) not only / but also
3. ……… poor after World War II, Crete is now thriving
from tourism. Ever since Lord Curzon, a member of Britain’s World
A) Necessarily B) Adequately War I cabinet, [10]………. that the Allies “had floated to
C) Accurately D) Tentatively victory on a sea of oil,” major industrialized powers
E) Desperately have sought oil security. For instance, an imperialist
surge by Japan to secure oil supplies in East Asia
resulted [11]………. the fateful attack on Pearl Harbour.
4. To protect whales and dolphins ……… the coast of The desire to control Middle East oil pushed the Soviet
Hawaii, a court in California has temporarily banned Union into Afghanistan, and led to Saddam Hussein’s
the US navy from using powerful sonar equipment [12]………. of Kuwait. And in his 1980 State of the Union
……… a military exercise in the area. speech, US President Jimmy Carter made clear
A) at / over B) in / on America’s own oil-security policy [13]………. he
C) before / through D) off / during described what would become known as the Carter
E) within / with Doctrine: “Any attempt by an outside force to gain
control of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded as
an assault on the [24]………. interests of the United
5. Recent excavations in Algeria ……… that Homo States of America.”
erectus ……… there between 500,000 and 750,000
years ago. 10. A) declares B) declared
A) have indicated / resided C) has declared D) would have declared
B) had indicated / has resided E) would declare
C) indicated / would reside
D) could have indicated / had been residing
E) indicate / had reside 11. A) in B) within
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C) on D) below
E) of
6. Although she ……… properly yet, the recipient of the
world’s first face transplant ……… well, according to 12. A) purchase B) exclusion
the first scientific report of the operation. C) invasion D) negotiation
A) hadn’t smiled / would have done E) illusion
B) didn’t smile / will do
C) doesn’t smile / may have done
D) couldn’t have smiled / does 13. A) in case B) although
E) can’t smile / is doing C) even if D) when
E) so far as
7. During the wars ……… followed the French
Revolution, Belgium was occupied by France and later
annexed. 14. A) tedious B) irrelevant
A) whether B) who C) redundant D) vague
C) when D) that E) vital
E) as

41
 Mini Practice Exam 12
15. If the cost of health benefits for working people in 18. Although there were plenty of sceptics when
a country rises, ……… . Mauritius tried a decade ago to become an offshore
A) soaring health costs are one of the big factors that financial centre, ……… .
have crippled the economy A) it has partly attained its goal, since it now hosts 19
B) usually employers cut wages or pass on the costs as national and international banks
higher prices to customers B) it has built a textile industry that has made the
C) firms should, in fact, be indifferent to whether they country relatively prosperous
pay employees cash wages or benefits C) last month it brought in a new labour law, making it
D) those costs have nearly doubled this decade alone in easier to hire and fire
many industrialized countries D) it imports most of its food and energy as rising world
E) the current economic difficulties have forced prices are pushing up inflation
politicians to focus on health reform E) much of the economy remains concentrated in the
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hands of a few local magnates

19. Despite the rapid industrialization of countries

such as China and India, climate change is neither any
one country’s fault nor any one country’s
responsibility.
16. ………, while just 1.7 tonnes of corn yields the same A) Çin ve Hindistan’ın hızlı sanayileşmesi nedeniyle
result. oluşan iklim değişikliği, kesinlikle başka bir ülkenin suçu
A) A team of scientists has claimed that the traditional veya sorumluluğu değildir.
methods of production in plastics are extremely costly B) Çin ve Hindistan gibi ülkelerin hızlı sanayileşmelerine
and have an adverse impact on the environment rağmen, iklim değişikliği, ne herhangi tek bir ülkenin
B) It has been announced that a company in China, hatasıdır, ne de herhangi tek bir ülkenin
sponsored by the government, is planning to harvest sorumluluğudur.
plastics from crops of corn C) Çin ve Hindistan dahil, pek çok ülkenin hızla
C) Eight tonnes of crude oil are currently needed to sanayileşmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan iklim değişikliği,
create one tonne of polyol, which is an alcoholic herhangi bir ülkenin suçu olmadığı gibi, sorumluluğu da
substance used in a number of plastics değildir.
D) Scientists are now using a new type of microscope D) Tek bir ülkenin suçu veya sorumluluğu olmayan iklim
that lets them view internal structures of materials in değişikliği, Çin ve Hindistan dahil, pek çok ülkenin hızla
greater detail than ever before sanayileşmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır.
E) The device the company’s scientists use utilizes X-ray E) Çin ve Hindistan’ın yanı sıra, çeşitli ülkelerin hızla
analysis technology and reveals chemical compositions sanayileşmesi, iklim değişikliğine yol açmış olup, tek bir
of objects being studied ülke suçlu veya sorumlu değildir.

20. America’s conventional military superiority has

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pushed its enemies inevitably towards insurgency to

achieve their objectives.
17. ………, but it failed to halt the rise of Adolf Hitler A) Amerika’nın klasik askerî üstünlüğü, düşmanlarını,
and the Nazi war machine. amaçlarını gerçekleştirmek için, kaçınılmaz olarak
A) During World War II, France was split into a German- ayaklanmaya itmiştir.
occupied north and an unoccupied south B) Klasik askerî gücü nedeniyle, Amerika’nın düşmanları,
B) Following World War II, France turned its attention hedeflerine ulaşabilmek için, hiç çekinmeden ayaklanma
to its African colonies, where there was a growing yolunu seçmişlerdir.
demand from the natives for independence C) Amerika’nın klasik askerî gücünü bilen düşmanları,
C) After a series of extremely savage battles, Allied amaçlarında başarılı olmak için, ister istemez ayaklanma
armies liberated France in August 1944 from the yoluna gitmişlerdir.
German occupation D) Amerika’nın klasik askerî üstünlüğünün sonucu
D) In May 1940, the Germans marched into an olarak, düşmanları, ayaklanma yoluna giderek,
undefended Paris, and in the following month the amaçlarına ulaşmayı benimsemişlerdir.
French government signed an armistice E) Amerika’nın klasik askerî gücünden çekinen
E) Beginning in 1919, French foreign policy aimed at düşmanları, ancak ayaklanma yoluyla hedeflerine
keeping Germany weak through a system of alliances ulaşabileceklerini fark etmişlerdir.

42
 Mini Practice Exam 12
21. Tüm AB devletleri, Ekonomi ve Para Birliği’nin 24. After more than 30 years without building a
parçası olmalarına rağmen, AB ülkelerinin tümü, Avro nuclear plant, US power companies are seeking
bölgesinin parçası değildir. licences for over 30 new reactors. In addition, more
A) Since the Economic and Monetary Union consists of than 300 reactors have been proposed worldwide.
all the EU states, the inclusion in the euro area of every Countries such as Egypt, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and
EU country is not out of place. Venezuela have serious plans to build their first
B) Although all EU states are part of the Economic and nuclear plant. ………… .
Monetary Union, not all EU countries are part of the A) In other parts of the world, some 40 reactors are
euro area. already under construction, though many have been
C) Even if EU states all make up the Economic and underway for decades with no end in sight.
Monetary Union, the euro area does not include every B) Annual emissions of greenhouse gases are expected
EU country. to double by 2050, from a current 7 billion tonnes of
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D) Even though every EU country is not included in the carbon dioxide each year to more than 14 billion
euro area, the Economic and Monetary Union is made tonnes.
up of all the EU states. C) According to a recent report, nuclear power is a
E) It is unlikely that every EU country, which is part of major solution to the West’s growing electricity needs,
the Economic and Monetary Union, will also be part of and increased nuclear use can substantially lower
the EU area. greenhouse gas emissions.
D) On the contrary, a country’s use of nuclear power
22. Çoğu bilim insanı, yıllarca, gezegenimizdeki has much to do with government intervention, whether
ekolojik sistemlerin dengesinin gerçekten ne denli through state loans or streamlined regulations.
hassas olduğunun önemini kavramamıştır. E) Therefore, global electricity demand is estimated to
A) For years, most scientists have underestimated just nearly double by 2030, with nuclear power currently
how delicate the balance of the ecological systems on accounting for about 15 per cent of global use.
our planet really is.
B) The question as to whether the ecological systems on
our planet have a delicate balance has in fact been
overlooked for years by many scientists.
C) The ecological systems on our planet are so delicate
that, for years, most scientists have not really taken
them into account.
D) Our planet’s ecological systems, which are really
extremely delicate, have been neglected for years by
various scientists.
E) Many scientists have failed for years to understand 25. For decades, China has been content to let the
that our planet’s ecological systems are indeed very invisible hand of the market work its magic on the
delicate. country’s economy. But there’s one area where the
government wants to reassert state control:
healthcare. ......... Today, nearly 40 per cent of the
23. The Africans who go abroad to work usually send population can’t afford to see a doctor. The average
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money back home to pay for their relatives’ medical hospital stay for a Chinese citizen costs nearly as much
care, education, and housing. Today, most African as an individual’s annual per capita income in the
countries get the largest part of their foreign exchange country. Healthcare grievances have been at the heart
earnings from such remittances. ......... Without this of thousands of organized protests countrywide in
subsidy, Africa’s dictators would have to face the recent years.
political consequences of an angry population. A) Some hospitals have had to hire security personnel
A) In Africa, foreign aid goes mostly to those to protect medical staff from angry mobs.
governments that have mismanaged their economies. B) By comparison, Japanese pay just 15 per cent of their
B) There are over three million Nigerians in the US and medical spending out of pocket.
another one million in Britain. C) So the government has recently developed a strategy
C) From a quarter to almost 50% of university educated to provide affordable medical insurance to 90 per cent
graduates from Ghana, Uganda, and Kenya leave their of its population by 2022.
countries to work in the West. D) In fact, the free market reforms in China were first
D) Ironically, African citizens abroad subsidize state initiated in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
corruption. E) The Chinese government has already met many of its
E) About three million middle-class Zimbabweans have economic goals and is now beginning to address
migrated to South Africa since 1999. scientific and technological development.

43
 Mini Practice Exam 12
26. (I) Although about 1,400 seed banks exist 29. The attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 gave
worldwide, Norway’s massive Svalbard Global Seed the term “globalization” a new and frightening
Vault dwarfs them all and aims to safeguard duplicates meaning.
of the seeds. (II) Stored seeds are frequently lost A) When the World Trade Center was attacked in 2001,
because of natural disasters, war, and warm the meaning of the term “globalization” changed
temperatures. (III) However, the United Nations completely.
predicts that 70% of the world’s population will live in B) Because of the attack in 2001 on the World Trade
urban areas by 2050. (IV) So, Svalbard was built to Center, the term “globalization” has acquired a
withstand these challenges. (V) The facility is remote, meaning which is both horrific and unusual.
located 1,000 kilometres beyond mainland Norway’s C) The usual meaning of the term “globalization” was
northernmost tip. further broadened by the terrifying attack in 2001 on
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V the World Trade Center.
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D) The term “globalization” has lost its usual meaning in

the aftermath of the attack in 2001 on the World Trade
Center.
E) Following the attack in 2001 on the World Trade
Center, further meanings have been given to the term
“globalization.”

27. (I) In 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union 30.Lena Zavoroni had suffered for nearly twenty years
signed a historic treaty reducing their stockpiles of before she died of an eating disorder.
nuclear warheads by about a third. (II) The Obama A) Lena Zavoroni passed away because of eating too
administration has not “lost its way” despite the myriad little for over twenty years.
problems left behind by the previous administration. B) When Lena Zavoroni died twenty years ago, she was
(III) The treaty, known as “START” (The Strategic Arms suffering from an eating disorder.
Reduction Treaty), was signed in Moscow by US C) After almost twenty years of suffering from an
President George Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail eating disorder, Lena Zavoroni passed away.
Gorbachev. (IV) At a joint news conference after the D) Almost twenty years of eating unhealthy food
signing ceremony, both Mr Bush and Mr Gorbachev caused the death of Lena Zavoroni.
strongly and enthusiastically praised the treaty. (V) E) Lena Zavoroni's death was a result of twenty years of
Especially, Mr Bush described it as “a significant step overeating.
forward in dispelling half a century of mistrust.”
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

31.
Susan: Do you know that every year 130 million
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tonnes of America’s trash ends up in landfills?

Harry: Oh, yes, I certainly do, and more than that.
Susan: ……… .
Harry: Well, together all these landfills emit more of
the greenhouse gas methane than any other
28. (I) When we exercise, our body naturally produces human-related source.
heat. (II) Exercising in extreme temperatures therefore A) Is it true that some American building companies use
provides an added stress on our body to cool down. (III) inorganic refuse such as metals in roadbeds and heavy
In fact, our body cools down by redirecting the flow of construction?
blood to the skin, so the evaporation of sweat can B) Do you mean engineers have developed an efficient
dissipate heat from the blood. (IV) Unfortunately, way of dealing with trash?
individuals who take part in outdoor activities such as C) What do you mean exactly? You seem to be implying
tennis, golf, or running are at greater risk of physical something.
injury. (V) However, when the climate is humid, sweat D) America produces more trash than any other country
cannot evaporate from the skin, and the body struggles in the world, doesn’t it?
to cool down. E) Don’t you think such a huge volume of trash can be
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V processed to produce electricity?

44
 Mini Practice Exam 12
32. 34. As can be seen from the passage, the war between
John: For our investments, we should consider tourism Iran and Iraq ……… .
as a new area. A) lasted under a decade and caused a great deal of
Edmund: Agreed. In fact, tourism has now become the bloodshed
world’s biggest industry. B) was actually a war of attrition, with no victory for
John: ……… . either side
Edmund: I certainly think so. Therefore, it is of vital C) greatly undermined the prosperity of the Iranian
importance for the economies of many of the world’s people
poorest nations. D) made it necessary for the Iranian regime to use all its
A) Moreover, travel enriches one’s life. Don’t you oil revenues for weapons
agree? E) was fought on both sides with weapons provided by
B) Actually, it fuels economic growth, doesn’t it? the Soviets
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C) Do you believe that travelling broadens our

experience of the world?
D) Furthermore, tourism enables people to explore
other cultures and geographies. Right?
E) Yes, true. Yet, worldwide mobility because of tourism
has its drawbacks. Do you agree?

35. It is stressed in the passage that, with the money

earned from oil exports, Iran ……… .
A) financed a series of projects to strengthen
nationalism among young radicals
B) made huge investments to upgrade the capacity of
its southern oil fields
During the latter part of 1980, Iraq invaded Iran and C) re-armed its army and, thus, was able to resist the
hoped to seize its southern oil fields. Iran Iraqi invasion
counterattacked. The result was a murderous eight- D) carried out economic reforms to improve the living
year conflict marked by the use of chemical weapons standards of its people
and human waves of young Iranian radicals fighting the E) sponsored radical political movements in other
Soviet-armed Iraqis. The war ended with Iran’s defeat, countries
but not the collapse of its theocratic regime. In the
short term, their long defence of Iranian nationalism
left the mullahs more entrenched at home, while
abroad they used their oil revenues to back grass-roots
radicalism in Lebanon and militants elsewhere who
engaged in anti-Western terrorism. Over the years, the
strongest threats to the Iranian regime ultimately have
come from within, from a new generation of young
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students and workers who have discovered that their

prospects for prosperity and democratic rights have
not changed much since the days of the shah.
36. According to the passage, some segments of
33. It is clear from the passage that Iraq’s invasion of Iranian society have ultimately become aware of the
Iran ……… . fact that ……… .
A) led to a war, which, in the end, settled the issue of A) the Iran-Iraq war resulted from the Iranian regime’s
the southern oil fields failure to cooperate with Iraq
B) was sheer aggression, motivated by an economic B) the Iranian government is wasting the country’s oil
purpose revenues on unfeasible projects
C) significantly weakened the authority of the Iranian C) the new Iranian regime has not met their economic
mullahs and political expectations
D) was strongly opposed by the Soviet government of D) the future of the regime in the country
the time fundamentally depends on young radicals
E) provoked Iranian students and workers into anti- E) the power of the mullahs in the country is not so
regime demonstrations strong as has generally been assumed

45
 Mini Practice Exam 12
Until the late thirteenth century, European maritime 38. As suggested in the passage, in medieval Europe
commerce had been divided between a Mediterranean before 1270, ……… .
and a North Atlantic world. Starting around 1270, A) Spanish and Portuguese sailors had attempted to
however, Italian merchants began to sail through the explore the west coast of Africa and enslave the natives
Strait of Gibraltar and on to the wool-producing B) only Italian merchants had had the monopoly to
regions of England and the Netherlands. This was the import wool from England and the Netherlands
essential first step in the extension of Mediterranean C) some daring attempts had been made to conquer
commerce and colonization into the Atlantic Ocean. and colonize the Canaries and the Azores
The second step was the discovery by Genoese sailors, D) there had been two major zones for maritime trade:
during the fourteenth century, of the Atlantic island the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic
chains known as the Canaries and the Azores. Efforts to E) there had been continual efforts especially by the
Portuguese to convert West African natives to
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colonize the Canary Islands and to convert and enslave

their inhabitants began almost immediately. But an Christianity
effective conquest of the Canary Islands did not begin
until the fifteenth century, when it was undertaken by
Portugal and completed by Spain. The Canaries, in turn,
became the base from which further Portuguese
voyages down the west coast of Africa proceeded.
They were also the “jumping-off point” from which
Christopher Columbus would sail westward across the
Atlantic Ocean in hopes of reaching Asia.

39. As stated in the passage, the Canary Islands ……… .

A) were more densely populated than the Azores, which
played no part in transatlantic trade
B) had already been Christianized before they were
discovered and colonized
C) were not so important as the Azores in the increase
of trade along the West African coast
D) did not interest Christopher Columbus at all in his
voyages across the Atlantic
E) were subjected to colonization soon after they were
discovered by the Genoese
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37. It is clear from the passage that the European

discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands in the
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries ……… .
A) actually had no commercial and maritime
significance, but became the major cause of rivalry 40. As can be inferred from the passage, Christopher
between Portugal and Spain Columbus ……… .
B) strategically paved the way for further explorations A) hoped that his westward voyage across the Atlantic
along coastal West Africa and across the Atlantic Ocean would ultimately take him to Asia
C) could have been prevented if the natives had been B) learned much from Genoese sailors about the
politically united to resist conversion and colonization locations of the Canaries and the Azores
D) caused so much excitement across Europe that C) had taken part earlier in Portuguese voyages down
especially Italian merchants were keen to use the the west coast of Africa
islands as their commercial base D) paid little attention to the strategic and economic
E) had an adverse impact on the Netherlands’ maritime importance of the Canary Islands
trade with England and other countries in northern E) always dreamed of completely controlling all the
Europe maritime commerce with Asia

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 Mini Practice Exam 13
1. German Chancellor Merkel is under pressure from 8. As it had in World War I, Argentina proclaimed
power companies, which ……… to invest in new power neutrality ……… the outbreak of World War II, but in
generation projects unless they ……… exempt from the closing phase it declared war ……… the Axis
tough emission requirements. powers.
A) refused / have been A) over / after B) for / with
B) refuse / are C) at / on D) about / through
C) have refused / had been E) from / above
D) had refused / will be
E) were refusing / are to be
9. Dust and other particles suspended in the
2. In parts of Nepal, hikers and campers ….. down so atmosphere come in a bewildering range of sizes, …..
many trees for Himalayan campfires that the area ….. minuscule particles of partially burned fuel …..
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deforested. relatively massive grains of pollen.

A) would cut / became A) with / from B) of / over
B) had cut / becomes C) from / to D) at / by
C) were cutting / had become E) into / of
D) have cut / is becoming
E) cut / would become
10. In Italy, even judges and priests who have been
brave enough to ….. the Mafia, have been brutally and
3. ….. a rather lazy, traditional, sea-side holiday, a indiscriminately murdered.
considerable number of people are going on rougher, A) stand up against B) put out of
more exciting "adventure holidays". C) strike up against D) run over
A) According to B) Just as E) follow up
C) In spite of D) Instead of
E) In case of Criminal activities occur all over the world. (11) ….. , in
different communities the (12) ….. of crime may be
different. Indeed, (13) ….. that may be regarded as a
4. In 1789, France was in a serious financial position criminal offence in one country may be regarded as
….. corruption, royal extravagance, and the chaos that perfectly acceptable behaviour (14) ….. . Similarly, when
comes with revolution. it comes to punishment, there are many (15) ….. in the
A) according to B) despite degree of seventy.
C) whereas D) so that
E) due to
11. A) Wherever B) However
C) Which D) While
5. ….. photographers require short exposures to E) If ever
capture fast-moving objects, chemists need short laser
pulses to study rapid reactions.
A) In contrast B) In spite of 12. A) adjustment B) opinion
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C) In case D) Similarly C) assessment D) condition

E) Just as E) cooperation

6. Any magnet, whether it is in the shape of a bar or a 13. A) whatever B) something

horseshoe, has two ends, called poles, ….. the C) whether D) such
magnetic effect is strongest E) as
A) which B) what
C) how D) where
E) that 14.A) to others B) each other
C) by the others D) for one another
E) in another
7. The ….. of capital punishment is another issue which
has aroused widespread disagreement
A) consultation B) contest 15.A) disturbances B) exceptions
C) abolition D) distinction C) complaints D) discrepancies
E) confiscation E) deceptions

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 Mini Practice Exam 13
16. Because Brazil’s exports include a wide variety of 20. The prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide
valuable raw materials, ......... . appears to be slightly less than 1 per cent ......... .
A) the unpredictable exchange rates had damaged the A) if schizophrenia is a relatively serious mental
country’s economy a lot disorder
B) the government introduced a number of austerity B) since it is regarded as a major public health problem
measures to reduce inflation throughout the world
C) the country has had huge earnings in foreign C) because schizophrenia and other delusional disorders
currency over the past few years share certain features
D) the country’s economy cannot satisfy domestic D) although areas of higher or lower prevalence have
demand without higher inflation been identified
E) most economists agree that a weaker currency will E) unless people with schizophrenia occupy one fourth
mean higher inflation of all hospital beds
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17. In the 1970s and 1980s, Colombia became one of

the international centres for illegal drug production 21. The issue under debate today is whether, for all its
and trafficking ......... . flaws, capitalism is the best economic system man has
A) because the drug cartels virtually controlled the yet invented.
country A) Bir sürü aksaklıklarına rağmen, kapitalizmin,
B) even though 2 million Colombians have left the insanoğlunun bugüne kadar ortaya koyduğu en iyi
country in the past several years iktisadi sistem olup olmadığı tartışılmaktadır.
C) that the government unsuccessfully attempted to B) Bugün tartışılan konu, tüm kusurlarına rağmen,
stem the guerrilla violence kapitalizmin, insanın şimdiye kadar icat ettiği en iyi
D) just as the leading drug dealers were offered lenient iktisadi sistem olup olmadığıdır.
punishment in exchange for their surrender C) Eksiklikleri de olsa, insanlığın bugün ortaya koyduğu
E) since the country has turned into a battleground with en iyi iktisadi sistemin, kapitalizm olup olmadığı hâlâ
bombs, killings and kidnappings tartışılmaktadır.
D) İnsanın şimdiye kadar yarattığı en iyi iktisadi system
olan kapitalizmin kusurları, bugün tartışma konusudur.
E) İnsanlığın bugüne kadar yarattığı en iyi iktisadi sistem
olmasına rağmen, kapitalizmin aksaklıkları günümüzde
18. Suriname, now a Latin American country, was tartışılmaktadır.
originally explored by Spain in 1593, ......... .
A) because the English transferred sovereignty to the
Dutch in 1667 22. OPEC’in ikinci en büyük petrol ihracatçısı olarak,
B) but by 1602 the Dutch began to settle the land, İran, halkının artan enerji gereksinimlerini karşılamak
followed by the English amacıyla, sadece nükleer yakıt elde etmek için
C) since colonization was confined to a narrow coastal uranyumu zenginleştirmek istediğini iddia etmektedir.
strip A) Although Iran is the second largest oil exporting
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D) although African slaves made up the workforce for country in OPEC, it still continues to enrich uranium for
coffee and sugarcane plantations the production of nuclear fuel and, thus, solve the rising
E) while after 1870 plantation workers were mostly energy crisis faced by its people.
imported from British India B) Iran, which is OPEC’s second largest oil exporter, is
resolved to enrich uranium and, thus, make nuclear fuel
so that the desperate energy needs of its people can be
met.
C) As OPEC’s second largest oil exporter, Iran claims
19. Some types of breast cancer grow very slowly and that it wants to enrich uranium only to make nuclear
spread to other parts of the body ......... . fuel to meet the growing energy needs of its people.
A) as an infected breast usually appears red and swollen D) By enriching uranium, Iran, the second largest oil
B) so long as they can be detected exporting OPEC member, intends to produce nuclear
C) only after they become very large fuel in order to meet its people’s increasing energy
D) so that the diseased breast may be removed needs.
E) because recently two separate genes for breast E) Still OPEC’s second largest oil exporter, Iran claims
cancer have been identified that it wishes to produce nuclear fuel by enriching
uranium for the growing energy needs of its people.

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 Mini Practice Exam 13
23. As the head of the department, you have recently 26. (I) The legacies of colonialism weighed heavily on
noticed that a junior staff member is often late for sub Saharan Africa. (II) Most of the continent’s former
work. So you wish to find out why and send for him. In colonies came into their independence after World War
talking to him politely, you say: II, with their basic infrastructures deteriorating after
A) I have warned you several times, and you still decades of imperial negligence. (III) The Cold War
continue to come late. This is a serious offence that can decades brought scant improvement, as governments
never be tolerated. So be careful. across the continent were plagued by corruption,
B) You know very well that you are always late for work poverty and civil war. (IV) By the end of the twentieth
and that this is intolerable. Let me warn you once again, century, East Asia had become a centre of industrial and
and if you insist on being late, I’ll have to take manufacturing production. (V) Moreover, during the
disciplinary action against you. Cold War, these postcolonial states often became the
C) I am sure you are aware that it has almost become a very ground on which the superpower struggle was
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habit with you not to get to the office on time. I wonder waged.
whether there is something that prevents you from A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
being punctual.
D) I’ve been informed by some of your colleagues that
every day you seem to be late for work. So I sent for
you to talk it over and warn you once again.
E) Every day, you apologize for being late for work. I
don’t find your excuses very convincing. Unless you
show up on time from now on, you’ll be fired right 27. (I) Nowadays many more patients suffering from an
away. infectious disease can be managed at home. (II)
Antibacterial drugs, improvement in nutrition, in
housing and in the general standard of living have all
24. Deprived of the moderating effects of the oceans, contributed to a reduction in the need for admission to
much of Central Asia experiences bitterly cold winters hospital. (III) The presence of fever in a patient does not
and boiling hot summers. necessarily prove that he or she is suffering from an
A) Orta Asya çoğunlukla okyanusların yumuşatıcı infection. (IV) However, management in hospital may
etkilerinden uzak olduğu için, burada kışlar çok soğuk ve still be required because of the severity of the illness.
yazlar oldukça sıcak olur. (V) Inconvenient home conditions may also make it
B) Orta Asya, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden uzak desirable.
olduğu için, pek çok bölgede kışlar oldukça sert ve yazlar A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
da son derece sıcak geçer.
C) Orta Asya’nın pek çok bölgesinde kışların çok sert ve
yazların çok sıcak geçmesi, okyanusların yumuşatıcı
etkilerinin burada bulunmamasındandır.
D) Okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden yoksun olan
Orta Asya’nın büyük bölümü, çok sert soğuk kışlar ve
son derece sıcak yazlar yaşar. 28.
E) Orta Asya, okyanusların yumuşatıcı etkilerinden Liz : I am puzzled about why declining birth rates in the
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tamamiyle yoksundur ve dolayısıyla bu bölgede kışlar West have been accompanied by growing populations
olabildiğince soğuk, yazlar ise dayanılmaz derecede of older adults.
sıcak geçer. Susan : You are right. Actually, it is a very complicated
issue, and there is a wide range of reasons for it.
25. (I) In 1960, the leading Middle Eastern, African, and Liz : ......... .
Latin American oil producers banded together in a Susan : I don’t know where to start. I think one
cartel, forming the Organization of Petroleum Exporting obvious reason is improved standards of health care.
Countries (OPEC). (II) By the late 1970s, in the A) Thank you so much. I’ll take your advice and do some
aftermath of two Arab-Israeli wars, it appeared that a research on the subject.
generation of fighting might come to an end. (III) The B) Exactly. You can perhaps outline some of them for
aim of this body was primarily to regulate the me.
production and pricing of crude oil. (IV) So, in the C) I believe a new type of demographic crisis different
following decades, it has played a leading role in the from this confronts Western governments.
global economy. (V) Its policies have essentially D) One can definitely see that globalization has a
reflected the desire to derive maximum profit from oil serious impact on the world’s population.
production. E) Especially Asia’s population as a whole has increased
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V nearly four times over since 1900.

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 Mini Practice Exam 13
29. 31. A colleague of yours seems worried that the paper
Richard : I’ve been reading about the ancient he is going to present at an international conference
Egyptians lately. contains a great deal of radical argument and that it
Antony : How interesting! Anything particularly may provoke the participants into strong objections
drawing your attention? and protests against his views. So you wish to lend
Richard : It is claimed by some linguists that the early your support for his views and encourage him to speak
Egyptian language might represent the survival of a out confidently. You say:
“root” language from which the other languages of the A) I suggest you get rid of all these provocative ideas,
Afro Asiatic group evolved in the past. since many people at the conference will oppose you
Antony : ......... . vehemently and try to silence you.
A) Possible. In fact, the language of the ancient B) Your views may be provocative and, therefore,
Egyptians has for long been a matter of debate among displease others, but I know they are sound. So don’t be
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linguists. discouraged.
B) Actually, as you may remember, the first known C) It is incomprehensible to me why you should always
permanent settlement in Egypt dates back to attempt to provoke other people and, in a way, subvert
approximately 4750 B.C. the conference.
C) You know that the patterns of development in D) Everybody knows that you are a radical and always
ancient Egypt differed greatly from those of the cause trouble at international academic gatherings. So I
Sumerians in Mesopotamia. advise you to be careful.
D) It is true that, due to the Nile, ancient Egypt was able E) This conference you are going to attend is not the
to forge a cultural and political unity. right occasion for you to express your provocative
E) You must recall that the Egyptian system of views. I would advise you not to get involved in a row.
pictographic writing, called hieroglyphs, has always
fascinated modern scholars.

30.
Harriet : I am writing an article about the Cold War
period. There is a great deal of material I have to deal
with.
Ares : I suggest you focus on a specific topic rather
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than giving a general account. 32. As the chairman of a committee, you must call the
Harriet : ......... . members to an unscheduled but urgent meeting. So
Ares : So, your article will, I am sure, arouse a great you phone them each and, with your apologies, inform
deal of interest in academic and political circles. them about the meeting. You say:
A) Right. I will demonstrate how the Cold War has given A) I am wondering whether all the committee members
way to more complex global relations. will be available to attend a meeting later today.
B) You know the Eastern European revolutions of 1989 B) This is your chairman calling. We are going to have a
brought about the collapse of the Soviet Union. meeting, which I want you to attend without any
C) Especially the Soviet Union’s increasingly severe excuse.
domestic problems led to mounting protests in Russia in C) As a committee, we have to come together
1991. immediately. I am sorry about this, as it is contrary to
D) Everyone knows that the Iron Curtain had our usual practice.
established one of the most rigid borders in European D) Our committee needs to meet as soon as possible. I
history. am sure you have no objection whatsoever.
E) In my opinion, since the end of the Cold War, E) I am asking you and the other members to come to
adapting to change has been difficult throughout my office right away for a meeting. No one must be
Eastern Europe. absent.

50
 Mini Practice Exam 13
33. The African Union is well aware that, although 35. It's possible that the plane has been delayed
Africa has enormous agricultural potential, it still because of the bad weather.
remains a major food importer. The majority of A) It's usually as a result of bad weather that the plane
Africans live in rural areas and depend on agriculture gets delayed.
for their livelihood; but the performance of the B) The weather must have been very bad, or else their
agricultural sector has been dismal. In addition to plane wouldn’t have been delayed.
internal and structural problems that each African C) It may be the bad weather that has caused the plane
country faces, external setbacks such as climate to be delayed.
change and global economic instability have made the D) The obvious reason for the plane's being delayed for
conditions worse for growth and development in all so long is the bad weather.
sectors, including agriculture. ……… . E) It's certainly the bad weather which has resulted in
A) The vision of the African Union is to achieve an the plane's being late.
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integrated, prosperous, well-governed, and peaceful

United States of Africa.
B) These are some of the most serious issues that the
African Union is determined to address as efficiently as
possible.
C) Africa seeks to promote existing and agreed upon
shared values across the continent at individual,
national, regional, and international levels.
D) All the African countries wish to eliminate ongoing
conflicts and prevent the occurrence of new ones in
order to achieve development and integration.
E) Some of the values cherished and upheld by each
African nation are good governance, democracy,
respect for human rights, accountability, and
transparency.

34. Turkey offers much for the naturalist, with rich 36. Having watched the film in dubbed sound, Dai
marine ecosystems, abundant birdlife, and elusive concluded that he'd missed some of the finer aspects
larger mammals. Especially the rugged eastern of the original.
provinces and also the regions with thick forests A) Dai decided to watch the dubbed version because he
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harbour a large variety of these mammals. ……… . The did not understand the language of the original film.
tulip is perhaps the most famous of these. The great B) Dai felt that if he had watched the film in its original
diversity of plants stems not only from the variety of language, he would have caught its nuances more.
habitats, which include arid plains as well as C) Dai was unsure of some of the ideas in the story and
mountains and temperate woodlands, but also from so watched the dubbed version to check.
Turkey’s position as a “biological watershed” at the D) Dai liked watching foreign films in dubbed sound
crossroads of Europe and Asia. because then he understood the ideas better.
A) There are huge tracts of unspoiled countryside, some E) After Dai had seen the film in its original and dubbed
of which have been set aside as national parks. versions, he realized that the latter missed out a lot of
B) Unfortunately, Turkish wetlands are under threat things.
from dams, drainage, pollution, and climatic change.
C) The country’s position on the migratory flyways
makes it a paradise for birdwatchers.
D) The country is also floristically rich, with more than
11,000 plant species recorded.
E) In winter, the country’s lakes and wetlands hold
thousands of wintering wildfowl.

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 Mini Practice Exam 13
In 1764, there was a serious quarrel over taxation 38. It is stated in the passage that, within a period of
between the British government and its colonies in almost three quarters of a century, ……… .
America. The British government continued to think of A) Britain and France got into a fierce competition in
the colonists as British subjects. In 1700, there had order to colonize a very large part of America
been only 200.000 colonists, but by 1770 this number B) Britain lost the war against the American colonies
rose to 2.5 million. Obviously, such large numbers and had to grant their independence
needed to be dealt with carefully. Some American C) Canada grew demographically well ahead of the
colonists decided that it was not lawful for the British other American colonies
government to tax them without their agreement. D) Britain’s trade with the American colonies reached a
Political opinion in Britain was divided. Some felt that level well above all expectations
the tax was fair because the money would be used to E) the population of the American colonies increased to
more than ten times the original number
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pay for the defence of the American colonies against

French attack. But several important politicians agreed
with the colonists that there should be “no taxation
without representation”. Hence, in 1773, at the port of
Boston, a group of colonists threw a shipload of tea
into the sea rather than pay tax on it. The event
became known as “the Boston Tea Party”. The British
government responded by closing the port. But the
colonists then decided to prevent British goods from
entering America until the port was opened again. The
colonists’ action was regarded as a rebellion, and the
British government decided to defeat it by force. Thus, 39. One understands from the passage that, because
the American War of Independence got underway. The of the tax crisis, ……… .
war lasted from 1775 until 1783. The British A) the American colonists imposed sanctions on British
government had no respect for the colonists’ fighting goods
ability. The result was a disastrous defeat for the B) the port of Boston was closed for over half a century
British forces. At the end of the war, Britain lost all the C) Britain took urgent precautions in order to increase
American colonies except Canada. its military capacity in America
D) the import of tea into the American colonies came
under the British monopoly
E) France expressed its willingness to aid the American
colonies against Britain
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37. It is clear from the passage that, since the 40. It is stressed in the passage that, for the British
American colonists were not represented in the British government, ……… .
Parliament, ……… . A) the port of Boston was of vital political importance
A) some politicians argued that Boston should be for relations with the American colonies
exempted from all kinds of taxation B) the political representation of the American colonies
B) they refused to pay the tax required of them by the was fully dependent on their payment of taxes
British government C) France’s political aims in America had to be
C) it was much easier for them to start a war of countered by the colonies themselves
independence against Britain D) the people living in the American colonies were
D) they did not have a standing army and, therefore, always considered to be British subjects
were unable to defeat the British forces E) a defence agreement with the American colonies had
E) they were not subject to the laws of Britain and felt to be reached urgently against France
free to take action against Britain

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 Answer Keys

Mini Practice Exam 01

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
E B E A B B B E E C C A D A A
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C C B E D A D C E A E B B E C
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Mini Practice Exam 02

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C E D B D C B E D B D A D A B
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
B E E B A A D C D A

Mini Practice Exam 03

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
E E C C D A E B A D B C D B E
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A E B B E A D E C B

Mini Practice Exam 04

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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C D B B E D E B B E B D B E C
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A E B D C E B E C B

Mini Practice Exam 05

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C B D C A B D A C A D A D E B
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C B B C D A D E C E D C D C D

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 Answer Keys

Mini Practice Exam 06

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
B A D A E E E A C A B A D A B
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
C B D D A D C D E B
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Mini Practice Exam 07

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C E C A A D C B E C C E E A D
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A E C C C C B B B D D C D E D

Mini Practice Exam 08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
E C D C B B C E D D C A B B C
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
A C C A C C B B A E

Mini Practice Exam 09

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
D B C B A B D E E B D C A D A
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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D C B C E B C E A E C B A E B

Mini Practice Exam 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
C E B D A D D A D E A E C D C
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
D C E A D A D B C B D A A D E

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