NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
METHODS AVAILABLE TO PERFORM LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS IN ETAP SOFTWARE :
1) Adaptive Newton Raphson Method
2) Newton Raphson Method
3) Fast Decoupled Method
Adaptive and Newton Raphson Method - Accuracy but progress is slow
Fast Decoupled Method - Progress is speed but not Accuracy.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
LOAD FLOW:
1) Online Load Flow
2) Offline Load Flow
OFFLINE LOAD FLOW:
The input data are given to the load flow analysis in the offline platform (ETAP
software); done by using the computer or laptop to run the load flow and the result will
given.
ONLINE LOAD FLOW:
In real substation, SCADA is fixed between the components; the data of the
components are physically measured. Hence the data has to be process by the software.
Instead of reading the data, thus the data are fetched from the SCADA and go to process
the data that is Online Load Flow Study.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
Thus the online load flow study has performs the contingency analysis. The information
about the system will get from all the generating stations in each and every moment
moment to perform the analysis; to ensure the system is in the steady state
condition. To analyze means what will the power flow in the system and also in the
faulty condition to ensure the system is in the steady state condition or not.
If we use a Newton Raphson Method for conducting a contingency analysis for the
10,000 cases in India for the system to become stable or not. Thus the contingency
analysis carried out in which any one of the equipment is the contingency state thus
takes three hours to analyze. But if we use the Fast decoupled method for the
contingency analysis; it takes a few seconds or minutes to give the results and also the
accuracy has to be compromised well. Fast decoupled method is suitable for online
contingency analysis. Newton Raphson method is used for the offline load flow study.
NR method is also for the online load flow study.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
Gauss Seidal method is not available in the latest version of the ETAP software because
of the Newton Raphson method is better than the Gauss seidal method.
Important note: The manual calculation for the load flow study is not doing because solving
the load flow in manual beyond the three bus system is to be complicate. But
the manual calculation for the short circuit study has to be perform and that’s
not too complicate.
GENERAL INFORMATION IN ETAP REPORT:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
ADJUSTMENT IN ETAP REPORT:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
As we done a transmission line modelling; so it is essentially to give tolerance to the
Transmission line length. Tolerance must give to the transmission line length; tolerance
given is essential because if the transmission line length is needed from Chennai to Mumbai
is 1500 Km; there must be environmental factor should not contribution to the 1500 Km
length of the transmission line. So in that case, tolerance is needed to the transmission line
length. The tolerance must give to the transmission line planning stage.
CASE 1: ( Tolerance in Transmission Line 1)
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
In the above picture, To click the transmission line editor and give tolerance to the
transmission line length of 250Km is 20% and click ok to save the changes.
Tolerance in Transmission Line 2:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
In the above picture, To click the transmission line editor and give tolerance to the
transmission line length of 300Km is 0% and click ok to save the changes. And also to click
the edit study case; in the edit study case; you can click the adjustment portion to verify
whether the length tolerance in the transmission line is enabled or not. Thus the tolerance
must give as the Individual better than the Global; because to give the individual option that
is for the individual transmission line you can give the individual tolerance for the entire
system network as shown in the below figure. If you want to plan the cable modeling or any
other thing; you can enable length tolerance option for the equipment has to be mandatory.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
ETAP Result in Adjustment (Tolerance) made in the transmission line:
In the above picture, the system consists of the two transmission lines in which one line is
250 Km and the another line is 300 Km. In the 250Km transmission line, thus the tolerance
is given as 20% hence the result of the line should be same as the 300 Km transmission line.
Because in the 300Km transmission line; tolerance given as 0%. You can understand from
the case that is 20% tolerance 250Km transmission line should be considered as the 300Km
transmission line.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
CASE 2: Tolerance in 250Km Transmission line is 0%
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
Tolerance in 300Km Transmission line is 0%:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
ETAP RESULT:
In the above picture shows the; there are two transmission lines in which one line is 250Km
and another line is 300Km. But results from the two lines are different because tolerance of
two lines are 0% hence the 250Km transmission line should not considered as the 300Km
transmission line.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
BUS INPUT DATA IN ETAP REPORT: CASE 1
There are two system are shown by the above picture. Thus the system are not physically
connected each other; hence there are considered as the subsystem 1 and subsystem 2 are
visualized by the below report picture.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
BUS INPUIT DATA IN ETAP REPORT: CASE 2 (CB CLOSED)
In the above picture, the subsystem is one because the two system which are in physically
connected through the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker is in the closed condition that
makes the subsystem is one, if the circuit breaker is in the opened condition that makes the
subsystem 1 and subsystem 2.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
BUS INPUT DATA IN ETAP REPORT: CASE 3 (BEFORE RUN; CB OPEN)
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
BUS INPUT DATA IN ETAP REPORT: CASE 3 (AFTER RUN; CB OPEN)
In the above picture, the circuit breaker which is in the opened condition; hence thus makes
the subsystem 1 and subsystem 2.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
LINE/CABLE/BUSWAY INPUT DATA:
The above picture shows; we made transmission line modelling. So, the report shows only
about the line input data.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
ETAP RESULT:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
The line input data has to be get by following procedures has to be taken over in the
transmission line editor.
The above picture shows to click the transmission line editor; in the editor you can click the
parameter option. In the parameter option to click the conductor library to choose the perfect
conductor size and strand for the project you have taken.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
The above picture shows in the parameter option itself have the Ground wire library to click
it and choose the size and strands and click ok to save the changes.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
The above picture shows; to click the configuration option to enter the data as height of the
conductor from the ground, spacing between the conductor and also the number of ground
wires.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
The above picture shows to click the impedance option in the line editor and view the
impedance per phase and also the library temperatures as in perfective aspect.
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
BRANCH CONNECTIONS:
ETAP RESULT:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
EXCEL MANUAL CALCULATION % POSITIVE SEQUENCE IMPEDANCE
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
In the branch connections, there is no input data has to be view in the report. But the input
data has to be processed and view in the report of the Branch connections as shown in the
above picture.
BUS LOADING SUMMARY REPORT:
ETAP RESULT:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
LOAD FLOW REPORT:
ETAP RESULT:
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NAME : SARANYA PRAKASAM
DOMAIN : INTERNSHIP TRAINEEE
DAY 5 : 06-04-2024
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