2/16/2023

Basic English Grammar

Lesson:
Md. Abdul Kader Basic
Assistant Professor
Department of English English Grammar-03
Cambrian School & College

Mobile: +8801715447430
Email : [email protected]

Name of anything like person, animal,

By the •Noun place, thing, abstract idea, action, state
end of or quality is called Noun.
the •Types of noun
lesson
you will •Function of noun
be able •Pronoun
to say
about … •Types of pronoun Person Place Thing Quality

CONCRETE NOUNS are nouns that you

Noun
can see, hear, touch, smell, or taste.

Concrete Abstract

Proper Common Collective Material

Cock Hats

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ABSTRACT NOUNS are nouns that

you cannot see, hear, touch, smell, or
taste. They are ideas, qualities, and
feelings that cannot be seen or
touched.
Television Desk Flower

Candle Library Air JUSTICE Love

A PROPER NOUN is a noun that names

of one particular person, place or thing
and is written with a capital letter.

Despair Death

Minni Nike
White House
Discrimination

A COMMON NOUN names a general A collective noun is the name of a

person, place, thing, or idea. It does collection or number or group of things
not refer to something specific. or persons taken together and
considered of as one whole.
Example:
Crowd, class, army, mob, gang, team,
jury, family, herd, committee, audience,
Cat council, public, navy, cabinet, group,
Shoe company, society, troupe, corporation,
House
senate, faculty, board etc.

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A material noun is the name of material, According to the countability noun has
substance or ingredient of things. two varieties.
They are –
Examples: 1. Countable noun
iron, steel, copper, gold, coal, silver, 2. Uncountable noun
milk, water, tea, sugar, wheat etc.

Countable nouns are things we can An uncountable noun has no plural form
count. It has both singular and a plural and refers to something which cannot
form. Examples of countable nouns. be counted or regarded as either
singular or plural, for example “ Coffee,
water or paper”.

 Pineapple Pineapples
 Cucumber Cucumbers
 Strawberry Strawberries
 Grape Grapes COFFEE WATER PAPER

 Subject of a verb

 Direct object of a verb

 Object of a preposition
Happy Love Fun
 Object of a verbal

 Indirect object of a verb

 Predicate complement
Freedom Happiness Music  Modifier of another noun

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1. Houses built after 1950 are usually of poor 1. The hunter shot three deer. (Verb
construction. shot; direct object deer)
2. Beauty is in the eyes of a beholder.
2. The automobile forced the cows off
3. Indian art has many admirer.
the road.
4. Despite all assurances, the young dancer
found his debut trying. 3. African hunters found agriculture
impossible to sustain.
5. New York City appears to have reached a
stable size. 4. They liked dancing (the gerund dancing
6. Swimming was his greatest pleasure. functions here as the direct object of liked .)

1. They walk about the mall.(preposition 1. Swimming the channel was more than he could
about, object of preposition mall) manage.(verbal swimming; channel, object of
the verbal swimming)
2. For his part, he would remember that 2. To pass his examinations easily was all he
day forever. wanted.
3. Up and down the river, there was 3. Fighting the rain, he slowly made his way home.
4. Having found his wallet, he decided to retire for
nothing but solid ice.
the nigh.
4. She performed most of her chores 5. The consulting engineer offered yet another
during the afternoon. suggestion for solving the problem.

1. The lawyer gave her secretary a brief 1. In the eyes of many of her clients, she is the
letter. (verb gave, indirect object best lawyer n town.(verb is, predicate
secretary.) compliment lawyer. And the verb is, is a
copulative verb.)
2. We showed the curator the new
2. Christianity is the religion of many European.
acquisition.
3. She is the youngest teacher in our school.
3. The pitcher threw the fielder the ball
4. The main difficulty of hat country is the poverty
4. The messenger gave Juan an envelop. of most of the population.
5. Teachers assign their classes enough 5.Words processors can be a blessing for those of
work to keep anyone busy. us who write illegibly.

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1 Stone walls were built throughout A compound noun is a noun that is

New England.(noun stone, modify noun made up of two or more words. Most
walls.) compound nouns in English are formed
by nouns modified by other nouns or
2. The peace talks settled the long war.
adjectives.
3. Glass doors were installed in the
kitchen.
4. Tennis champions played many
tournaments that year.
5. John collected postage stamps.

Compound Nouns

There’re 3 ways to write a compound

1. Noun + Noun:
noun.
Bed + Room = Bedroom
Write 2 words together.
2. Verb + Noun:
- Toothpaste, Bedroom, Blackboard
Swimming + Pool = Swimming Pool
Write 2 words separate by hyphen.
3. Preposition + Noun:
- Six-Pack, Mother-in-law
Under + Ground = Underground
Write 2 word separately
4. Noun + Verb:
- Swimming pool, Full moon, Tool
box Hair + Cut = Haircut

Compound Nouns

More Examples: More Examples:

Noun + noun bus stop Is this the bus stop Verb + noun breakfast We always eat
for the number 12 (-ing) breakfast at 8am.
bus? swimming What a beautiful
pool swimming pool!
football Shall we play
football today? verb + preposition check-out Please remember that
check-out is at 12 noon.
Adjective + noun full moon I always feel crazy
at full moon. check-in Please check-in
immediately the hotel.
blackboard Clean the
There’s something
blackboard please. wrong.

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A Pronoun is a word used instead of a

noun-equivalent. It is the replacement
of noun. Role of Pronoun in a sentence:
Common pronouns are I, me, he, she,
him, his, her, they, them, it, we, and us. Pronouns are usually short words and
Example:
they are used to make sentence less
- She is a pretty girl.
- They are unbeatable. cumbersome and less repetitive.
- This job is done by them.

Personal pronoun is used instead of person.

Such as I, you, he, she, we, they and who.
Pronoun
When a personal pronoun is the subject of a
verb then it is called Subjective Pronoun (I,
we, he, she, they, and you).
Personal Distributive Relative Reflexive
E.g. I love this book.
When a personal pronoun is not a subject
and acts as the object then it is called
Demonstrative Interrogative Indefinite Reciprocal
Objective Pronoun (me, you, her, him, it, us,
them and whom).
E.g. Give it to him.

A Possessive Pronoun shows Reflexive Pronoun refers back to the

ownership of something. Such as his, subject in the sentence.
hers, its, mine, yours, ours, and theirs. They are myself, himself, herself,
ourselves, themselves, yourselves and
Example: itself.
- This pen is mine. Example:
- Yours one is not real. - I ask myself when I take a decision.
- Take hers from the room. - He spoke to himself.
- We learn about ourselves every day.

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An Indefinite Pronoun refers to an Example:

indefinite or non-specific person or - All people gathered here for the same
thing. purpose.
Indefinite pronouns are any, anything, - Does anyone know anything about the
some, someone, somebody, everybody, matter?
everything, everyone, nobody, none,
- Anybody can play the game easily.
one, several, some, few, many and
each. - None but the brave deserves the fair.
- Each must do his best.
- One must do one’s duty

A Demonstrative Pronoun particularly A Relative Pronoun is a pronoun that

point out a noun. This, these, that and introduces or links one phrase or clause to
those are demonstrative pronouns to another in the sentence.
point out a noun. Relative Pronoun are that, who, whom,
where, when, whoever, whichever and
Example: whomever.
- You can smell that from here. Note:
- Those were bad days. Who and whom refer only to people.
Which refers to things, qualities and ideas.
- Look at that.
That and whose refer to people, qualities, things
- Would you deliver this? and ideas.

Example: An Interrogative Pronoun is used to ask

- The person who called me is my uncle. question. It helps to ask about something.
- I know where I am going.
- The pen which I lost was red. Interrogative Pronouns are who, which,
- You should buy the book that you need for what, whom, whose as well as whoever,
the course. whomever, whichever and whatever.
- Robi Thakur is a poet who wrote the
National Anthem. It is used in the beginning of the sentence.

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A Reciprocal Pronoun refers the relations

between two or more persons or things.
Example: Each other and one another are Reciprocal
- What’s happened? Pronouns.
Example:
- What do you expect from me?
- Rimi and Raju like each other.
- Who designed this website?
- Why don’t we believe each other?
- Whose mobile is this? - They do not tolerate each other.
- Whatever did you want? - We should help one another.

An Intensive Pronoun is used for emphasis. Answer the question of

Intensive pronouns are myself, himself, this link.
herself, yourself, itself, yourselves, ourselves
and themselves. https://www.educationq
Example: uizzes.com/in/primary/e
- I myself have done the job. nglish/nouns-02-types-
- The president himself visited the area. of-nouns/
- He himself can’t do it. http://www.dukeofdefini
tion.com/Pronoun_types
_01.htm

A word file has been

given to complete the
home work.