Topic-wise DPPs for NEET Aspirants

Mechanical Waves
Top A+, Selected Questions

1. A wire of density 9 × 10! 𝑘𝑔𝑚"! is stretched between two clamps 1m part and is subjected to an
extension of4.9 × 10"# 𝑚. The lowest frequency of transverse vibration in the wire is 𝑌 = 9 × 10$% 𝑁𝑚"& )
a) 40 Hz b) 35 Hz c) 30 Hz d) 25 Hz
2. A 5.5 m length of string has a mass of 0.035 kg. If the tension in the string is 77 N, the speed of a wave on
the string is
a) 110ms"$ b) 165m"$ c) 77ms"$ d) 102ms"$
`3. The frequency and velocity of sound wave are 600 Hz and 360 m/s respectively. Phase difference between
two particles of medium are 60°, the minimum distance between these two particles will be
a) 10 cm b) 15 cm c) 20 cm d) 50 cm
4. With the propagation of a longitudinal wave through a material medium, the quantities transmitted in the
propagation direction are
a) Energy, momentum and mass b) Energy
c) Energy and mass d) Energy and linear momentum
5. When a tuning fork vibrates, the waves produced in the fork are
a) Longitudinal b) Transverse c) Progressive d) Stationary
6. The intensity ratio of two waves is 1:9. The ratio of their amplitudes, is
a) 3:1 b) 1:3 c) 1:9 d) 9:1
7. Two tuning fork, A and B produce notes of frequencies 258 Hz and 262 Hz. An unknown note sounded
with a produces certain beats. When the same note is sounded with B, the beat frequency gets doubled,
the unknown frequency is
a) 256 Hz b) 254 Hz c) 300 Hz d) 280 Hz
8. 𝑣$ and 𝑣& are the velocities of sound at the same temperature in two monoatomic gases of densities 𝜌$ and
$
𝜌& respectively. If 𝜌$ /𝜌& = # then the ratio of velocities 𝑣$ and 𝑣& will be
a) 1 ∶ 2 b) 4 ∶ 1 c) 2 ∶ 1 d) 1 ∶ 4
9. The sound wave was produced in a gas is always
a) Longitudinal b) Transverse c) Stationary d) Electromagnetic
10. Two waves of frequencies 20 𝐻𝑧 and 30 𝐻𝑧. Travels out from a common point. The phase difference
between them after 0.6 𝑠𝑒𝑐 is
a) Aero 𝜋 3𝜋
b) c) 𝜋 d)
2 2
11. The equation of progressive wave is𝑦 = 0.2 sin 2𝜋 h ' − ) j, where x and y are in metre and t is in
%.%$ %.!
second. The velocity of propagation of the wave is
a) 30 ms"$ b) 40 ms"$ c) 300 ms"$ d) 400 ms"$
12. The phase difference between two points separated by 0.8 m in a wave of frequency 120 Hz is0.5𝜋. The
wave velocity is
a) 144ms"$ b) 384ms"$ c) 256ms"$ d) 720ms"$
13. In a stationary wave all the particles
a) On either side of a node vibrate in same phase
b) In the region between two nodes vibrate in same phase
c) In the region between two antinodes vibrate in same phase
d) Of the medium vibrate in same phase
14. When both the listener and source are moving towards each other, then which of the following is true
regarding frequency and wavelength of wave observed by the observer?
a) More frequency, less wavelength
 b) More frequency, more wavelength
c) Less frequency, less wavelength
d) More frequency, constant wavelength
15. A pulse of a wave train travels along a stretched string and reaches the fixed end of the string. It will be
reflected with
a) A phase change of 180° with velocity reversed
b) The same phase as the incident pulse with no reversal of velocity
c) A phase change of 180° with no reversal of velocity
d) The same phase as the incident pulse but with velocity reversed
16. A progressive wave y=a sin [(kx-ωt)] is reflected by a rigid wall at x=0. Then the reflected wave can be
represented by
a) y=a sin (kx+ωt) b) y=a cos (kx+ωt) c) y=-a sin (kx-ωt) d) y=-a sin (kx+ωt)
17. If the temperature is raised by 1 K from 300 K the percentage change in the speed of sound in the gaseous
mixture is (R=8.31 J/mol-K)
a) 0.167% b) 0.334% c) 1% d) 2%
18. Two open organ pipes gives 4 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐 when sounded together in their fundamental nodes. If the length
of the pipe are 100 𝑐𝑚 and 102.5 𝑐𝑚 respectively, then the velocity of sound is :
a) 496 𝑚/𝑠 b) 328 𝑚/𝑠 c) 240 𝑚/𝑠 d) 160 𝑚/𝑠
19. What is the base frequency if a pipe gives notes of frequencies 425, 255 and 595 and decide whether it is
closed at one end or open at both ends
a) 17, closed b) 85, closed c) 17, open d) 85, open
20. In an open organ pipe… wave is present.
a) Transverse standing b) Longitudinal standing
c) Longitudinal moving d) Transverse moving

21. When beats are produced by two progressive waves of the same amplitude and of nearly the same
frequency, the ratio of maximum loudness to the loudness of one of the waves will be 𝑛. Where 𝑛 is
a) 3 b) 1 c) 4 d) 2
22. A wave travelling in stretched string is described by the equation 𝑦 = Asin(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡).The maximum
particle velocity is
a) 𝐴𝜔 b) 𝜔⁄𝑘 c) 𝑑𝜔⁄𝑑𝑘 d) 𝑥 ⁄𝑡
23. Speed of sound at constant temperature depends on
a) Pressure b) Density of gas c) Above both d) None of the above
24. There are three of sources of sound of equal intensity with frequencies 400, 401 and 402 𝑣𝑖𝑏/𝑠𝑒𝑐. The
number of beats heard per second is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
25. The ratio of speed of sound in nitrogen and helium gas at 300 K is
2
a) „ b) √1 c) √3 d) √6
7 7 5 5
26. Law of superposition is applicable to only
a) Light waves b) Sound waves c) Transverse waves d) All kinds of waves
27. For the stationary wave 𝑦 = 4 sin ‡*)ˆ cos(96𝜋𝑡), the distance between a node and the next antinode is
$+
a) 7.5 b) 15 c) 22.5 d) 30
28. Two waves are represented by 𝑦$ = 4 sin 404𝜋𝑡 and 𝑦& = 3 sin 400𝜋𝑡. Then
a) Beat frequency is 4 𝐻𝑧 and the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity is 49 ∶ 1
b) Beat frequency is 2 𝐻𝑧 and the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity is 49 ∶ 1
c) Beat frequency is 2 𝐻𝑧 and the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity is 1 ∶ 49
d) Beat frequency is 4 𝐻𝑧 and the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity is 1 ∶ 49
29. If the speed of the wave shown in the figure is 330𝑚/𝑠 in the given medium, then the equation of the wave
propagating in the positive 𝑥-direction will be (all quantities are in M.K.S. units)

y
0.05 m

0.25 m

a) 𝑦 = 0.05 sin 2𝜋(4000 𝑡 − 12.5 𝑥) b) 𝑦 = 0.05 sin 2𝜋(4000 𝑡 − 122.5 𝑥)

c) 𝑦 = 0.05 sin 2𝜋(3300 𝑡 − 10 𝑥) d) 𝑦 = 0.05 sin 2𝜋(3300 𝑥 − 10 𝑡)
30. Two waves are approaching each other with a velocity of 16 𝑚/𝑠 and frequency 𝑛. The distance between
two consecutive nodes is
16 8 𝑛 𝑛
a) b) c) d)
𝑛 𝑛 16 8
31. Velocity of sound is maximum in
a) Air b) Water c) Vacuum d) Steel

32. Two tuning fork of frequency 𝑛$ and 𝑛& produces n beats per second. If 𝑛& and n are known, 𝑛$ may be
given by
n& n&
a) + n& b) n& n c) n& ± n d) − n&
n n
33. The equation of a simple harmonic progressive wave is given by y=A sin (100𝜋𝑡-3x). find the distance
*
between 2 particles having a phase difference of ! .
π π π π
a) m b) m c) m d) m
9 18 6 3
34. Two wires made up of same material are of equal lengths but their radii are in the ratio 1:2. On stretching
each of these two string by the same tension, the ratio between the fundamental frequencies is
a) 1:2 b) 2:1 c) 1:4 d) 4:1
35. Given that 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin h•&* (𝑐𝑡 − 𝑥)Žj , where 𝑦 and 𝑥 are measured in metres. Which of the following
,
statements is true
&*
a) The unit of 𝜆"$ is same as that of ,
b) The unit of 𝜆 is same as that of 𝑥 but not of 𝐴
&* &*
c) The unit of c is same as that of ,
d) The unit of (𝑐𝑡 − 𝑥) is same as that of ,
"$
36. A source of sound gives 5 beats s when sounded with another source of frequency 100 Hz. The second
harmonic of the source together with a source of frequency 205 Hz gives 5 beats s"$ . What is the
frequency of the source?
a) 105 Hz b) 205 Hz c) 95 Hz d) 100 Hz
37. The frequency of a stretched uniform wire under tension is in resonance with the fundamental frequency
of a closed tube. If the tension in the wire is increased by 8 𝑁, it is in resonance with the first overtone of
the closed tube. The initial tension in the wire is
a) 1 𝑁 b) 4 𝑁 c) 8 𝑁 d) 16 𝑁
38. Stationary waves
a) Transport energy b) Does not transport energy
c) Have nodes and antinodes d) Both (b) and (c)
39. A transverse wave propagating on a stretched string of liner density 3 × 10"# kg − m"$ is represented by
the equation 𝑦 = 0.2 sin(1.5𝑥 + 60𝑡) where 𝑥 is in meter and 𝑡 is in second. The tension in the string (in
newton) is
a) 0.24 b) 0.48 c) 1.20 d) 1.80
40. If the length of a closed organ pipe is 1m and velocity of sound is 330 𝑚/𝑠, then the frequency for the
second note is
330 330 330 4
a) 4 × 𝐻𝑧 b) 3 × 𝐻𝑧 c) 2 × 𝐻𝑧 d) 2 × 𝐻𝑧
4 4 4 330
41. Consider the following
d. Waves created on the surface of a water pond by a vibrating sources
II. Wave created by an oscillating electric field in air
III. Sound waves travelling under water
Which of these can be polarized
a) I and II b) II only c) II and III d) I, II and III

42. A plane wave is represented by 𝑥 = 1.2 sin(314𝑡 + 12.56𝑦). Where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are distances measured along
in 𝑥 and 𝑦 direction in meters and 𝑡 is time in seconds. This wave has
a) A wavelength of 0.25 𝑚 and travels in + 𝑣𝑒 𝑥 direction
b) A wavelength of 0.25 𝑚 and travels in + 𝑣𝑒 𝑦 direction
c) A wavelength of 0.5 𝑚 and travels in – 𝑣𝑒 𝑦 direction
d) A wavelength of 0.5 𝑚 and travels in – 𝑣𝑒 𝑥 direction
43. A plane wave is described by the equation 𝑦 = 3 cos ‡) − 10𝑡 − *ˆ. The maximum velocity of the particles
# &
of the medium due to this wave is
a) 30 3𝜋 d) 40
b) c) ¾
2
44. The displacement of a particle is given by
𝑥 = 3 sin(5𝜋𝑡) + 4 cos(5𝜋𝑡)
The amplitude of the particle is
a) 3 b) 4 c) 5 d) 7
45. If 𝑛$ , 𝑛& and 𝑛! are the fundamental frequencies of three segments into which a string is divided, then the
original fundamental frequency n of the string is give by
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a) = + + b) = + +
𝑛 𝑛$ 𝑛& 𝑛! √𝑛 √𝑛$ √𝑛& “𝑛!
c) √𝑛 = “𝑛$ + “𝑛& + “𝑛! d) 𝑛 = 𝑛$ + 𝑛& + 𝑛!
46. The fundamental note produced by a closed organ pipe is of frequency 𝑓. The fundamental note produced
by an open organ pipe of same length will be of frequency
a) 𝑓/2 b) 𝑓 c) 2𝑓 d) 4𝑓
47. Oxygen is 16 times heavier than hydrogen. Equal volumes of hydrogen and oxygen are mixed. The ratio of
speed of sound in the mixture to that in hydrogen is
2 1 32
a) √8 b) „ c) „ d) „
17 8 17
48. The phenomenon of sound propagation in air is
a) Isothermal process b) Isobaric process c) Adiabatic process d) None of these
49. The speed of sound in gas of density ρ at a pressure p is proportional to
𝑝 & !
• Ž 𝑝 " ρ 𝑝
a) ρ b) • Ž c) „ d) „
ρ p ρ

50. A man 𝑥 can hear only upto 10 𝑘𝐻𝑧 and another man 𝑦 upto 20 𝑘𝐻𝑧. A note of frequency 500 𝐻𝑧 is
produced before them from a stretched string. Then
a) Both will hear sounds of same pitch but different quality
b) Both will hear sounds of different pitch but same quality
c) Both will hear sounds of different pitch and different quality
d) Both will hear sounds of same pitch and same quality
51. Which of the following is the example of transverse wave
a) Sound waves b) Compressional waves in a spring
c) Vibration of string d) All of these

52. An unknown frequency 𝑥 produces 8 beats per seconds with a frequency of 250 𝐻𝑧 and 12 beats with
270 𝐻𝑧 source, then 𝑥 is
a) 258 𝐻𝑧 b) 242 𝐻𝑧 c) 262 𝐻𝑧 d) 282 𝐻𝑧
53. When temperature increases, the frequency of a tuning fork
a) Increases b) Decreases
c) Remains same d) Increases or decreases depending on the material
54. The equation of a wave on a string of liner mass density 0.04 kgm"$ is given by
' )
𝑦 = 0.02(𝑚) sin h2𝜋 ‡%.%#(.) − %.+%(0)ˆj. the tension in the string is
a) 4.0N b) 12.5N c) 0.5N d) 6.25N
55. If wavelength of a wave is 𝜆 = 6000Å. Then wave number will be
a) 166 × 10! 𝑚"$ b) 16.6 × 10"$ 𝑚"$ c) 1.66 × 101 𝑚"$ d) 1.66 × 102 𝑚"$
56. Which of the following is not the transverse wave
a) X-rays b) 𝛾-rays c) Visible light wave d) Sound wave in gas
57. In stationary wave
a) Strain is maximum at nodes b) Strain is maximum at antinodes
c) Strain is minimum at nodes d) Amplitude is zero at all the points
58. Angle between wave velocity and particle velocity of a longitudinal wave is
a) 903 b) 603 c) 03 d) 1203
59. "$
A train moves towards a stationary observer with speed34 𝑚𝑠 . The train sounds a whistle and its
frequency registered by the observer is𝑣$ . If the train’s speed is reduced to17 𝑚𝑠 "$ , the frequency
registered is𝑣& . If the speed of sound is 340 𝑚𝑠 "$ , then the ratio 𝑣$ /𝑣& is
a) 2 b) ½ c) 18/19 d) 19/18
60. The path difference between two waves
&*) &*)
𝑦$ = 𝑎$ sin ‡𝜔𝑡 − ,
ˆ and 𝑦& = 𝑎& cos ‡𝜔𝑡 − ,
+ ϕˆis
𝜆 𝜆 𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
a) (ϕ) b) ‡ϕ + ˆ c) ‡ϕ − ˆ d) (ϕ)
2𝜋 2𝜋 2 𝜆 2 𝜆
61. The ratio of densities of nitrogen and oxygen is 14: 16. The temperature at which the speed of sound in
nitrogen will be same at that in oxygen at 55℃ is
a) 35℃ b) 48℃ c) 65℃ d) 14℃
62. Equation of motion in the same direction are given by
𝑦$ = 2𝑎 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥) and 𝑦& = 2𝑎 sin(𝜔𝑡 − 𝑘𝑥 − 𝜃)
The amplitude of the medium particle will be
a) 2𝑎 cos 𝜃 b) √2𝑎 cos 𝜃 c) 4𝑎 cos 𝜃/2 d) √2𝑎 cos 𝜃/2
)
63. The equation of wave is represented by 𝑌 = 10 sin h100𝑡 − j 𝑚, then the velocity of wave will be
"#
$%
a) 100ms"$ b) 4ms"$ c) 1000ms"$ d) zero
64. In a stationary wave, all particles are
a) At rest at the same time twice in every period of oscillation
b) At rest at the same time only once in every period of oscillation
c) Never at rest at the same time
d) Never at rest at all
65. Velocity of sound in air is
a) Faster in dry air than in moist air b) Directly proportional to pressure
c) Directly proportional to temperature d) Independent of pressure of air
66. If two tuning forks 𝐴 and 𝐵 are sounded together, they produce 4 beats per second. A is then slightly
loaded with wax, they produce 2 beats when sounded again. The frequency of 𝐴 is 256. The frequency of 𝐵
will be
a) 250 b) 252 c) 260 d) 262
67. Two monoatomic ideal gases 1 and 2 of molecular masses 𝑚$ and 𝑚& respectively are enclosed in
separate containers kept at the same temperature. The ratio of the speed of sound in gas 1 to that in gas 2
is given by
𝑚$ 𝑚& 𝑚$ 𝑚&
a) „ b) „ c) d)
𝑚& 𝑚$ 𝑚& 𝑚$
68. Under identical conditions of pressure and density, the speed of sound is highest in a
a) Monoatomic gas b) Diatomic gas c) Triatomic gas d) Polyatomic gas
69. Mechanical waves on the surface of a liquid are
a) Transverse b) Longitudinal
c) Torsional d) Both transverse and longitudinal
70. Tuning fork 𝐹$ has a frequency of 256 𝐻𝑧 and it is observed to produce 6 beats/second with another
tuning fork 𝐹& . When 𝐹& is loaded with wax, it still produces 6 beats/second with 𝐹$ . The frequency of 𝐹&
before loading was
a) 253 𝐻𝑧 b) 262 𝐻𝑧 c) 250 𝐻𝑧 d) 259 𝐻𝑧
71. An open pipe resonates with a tuning fork of frequency 500 Hz. It is observed that two successive nodes
are formed at distance 16 and 46 cm from the open end. The speed of sound in air in the pipe is
a) 260 ms"$ b) 300 ms"$ c) 320 ms"$ d) 360 ms"$
72. A closed Prgan pipe and an open organ pipe of same length produce 2 beats/second while vibrating In
their fundamental modes. The length of the open organ pipe is halved and that of closed pipe is doubled.
Then the number of beats produced per second while vibrating in the fundamental mode is
a) 2 b) 6 c) 8 d) 7
73. Fundamental frequency of pipe is 100 Hz and other two frequencies are 300 Hz and 500 Hz, then
a) Pipe is open at both the ends b) Pipe is closed at both the ends
c) One end is open and another end is closed d) None of the above

74. The vibrating of four air columns are represented in the figure. The ratio of frequencies 𝑛4 : 𝑛5 : 𝑛6 : 𝑛. is

a) 12:6:3:5 b) 1:2:4:3 c) 4:2:3:1 d) 6:2:3:4

75. An organ pipe open at one end is vibrating in first overtone and is in resonance with another pipe open at
both ends and vibrating in third harmonic. The ratio of length of two pipe is
a) 3:8 b) 8:3 c) 1:2 d) 4:1
76. In a resonance pipe the first and second resonance are obtained at depths 22.7 cm and 70.2 cm
respectively. What will be the end correction?
a) 1.05 cm b) 115.5 cm c) 92.5 cm d) 113.5 cm
77. A tube closed at one end and containing air is excited. It produces the fundamental note of frequency
512 𝐻𝑧. If the same tube is open at both the ends the fundamental frequency that can be produced is
a) 1024 𝐻𝑧 b) 512 𝐻𝑧 c) 256 𝐻𝑧 d) 128 𝐻𝑧
78. A pipe closed at one end and open at the other end, resonate with sound waves of frequency 135 Hz and
also 165 Hz, But not with any wave of frequency intermediate between these two. Then the frequency of
the fundamental note is
a) 30 Hz b) 15 Hz c) 60 Hz d) 7.5 Hz
 SOLUTIONS AND ANSWER KEY

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

1 (b) 360 𝜋
∆x = ×
Given :𝑙 = 4.9 × 10!" 𝑚 2𝜋 × 600 3
From the formula 1
∆x = m
stress 𝐹/𝜋𝑟 # 10
𝑌= = ∆x = 10 cm
strain 𝑙/𝐿
4 (d)
Or
𝐹 𝑙
#
=𝑌 5 (a)
𝜋𝑟 𝐿
".(×$% !" #
=9 × 10$% ×
" 6 (b)
*
=44.1× 10 Intensity ∝ (amplitude)#
I$ a$#
∴ =
1 𝑇 I# a##
𝑉= EF H
2𝐿 𝑚 1 a$#
=
9 a##
1 𝐹 1 𝐹/𝜋𝑟 # a$ 1
= EF # H = EJ K ⟹ #=
2𝐿 𝜋𝑟 𝑑 2 𝑑 a 3
7 (b)
1 44.1 × 10*
= × EJ K 𝑛, = 258 𝐻𝑧
2 9 × 10+ 𝑛- = 262 𝐻𝑧
1 1 Let n is the frequency of unknown tuning fork. It
= L(4.9 × 10+ ) = L(49 × 10# )
2 2 produces x beats with 258 and 2x with 262
7 × 10 262-(258-x)=2x
= = 35 𝐻𝑧
2 262-268+x=2x
2 (a)
X=4
0.035
𝑚= kg m!$ , 𝑇 = 77𝑁 N=254Hz
5.5
8 (c)
At given temperature and pressure
1 𝑣$ 𝜌# 4
77 × 5.5 𝑣∝ ⇒ =E =E =2∶1
𝑣 = L𝑇/𝑚 = E = 110ms!$ L𝜌 𝑣# 𝜌$ 1
0.035
9 (a)
3 (a) Sound waves are longitudinal waves. They
Velocity of wave (v)=360 m/s produce alternately the states of compression and
Frequency, n= 600Hz rarefaction at a point in the medium.
Phase difference, ∆Φ = 60𝜊 10 (a)
$
If the minimum distance between two points is Beats period = +%!#% = 0.1 𝑠𝑒𝑐
∆x, then ∆𝜙 =
#. #.
Δ𝑡 = %.$ × 0.6 = 2𝜋 × 6 = 12𝜋 or Zero
𝜆 /
∆𝑥 = × ∆Φ 11 (a)
2𝜋
v Velocity of propagation
Δx = × ∆Φ Coefficient of t 2𝜋 /0.01
2πn
x= = = 30𝑚𝑠 !$
Or coefficient of x 2𝜋/0.3
360 12 (b)
∆x = × 60
2π × 600
 Here , 𝑛 = 120 𝐻𝑧, Given,
Progressive wave y=a sin (kx-ωt)
𝑥 = 0.8𝑚, ϕ = 0.5𝜋. When reflected by right wall
#. #.1 #.×%.3 Progressive wave y’= a sin [k(-x)-wt)]
From ϕ = 𝑥; 𝜆 = = = 3.2 m
0 2 %.4. Or y’ = a sin [-(kx+ωt)]
Or y’ = a sin (kx+ωt)
𝑣 = 𝑛𝜆 = 120 × 3.2 = 384 ms!$
17 (a)
13 (b) From 𝑣 = ’
89/
:
In stationary wave all the particles in one
particular segment (𝑖. 𝑒., between two nodes) ∆𝑣 1 ∆𝑇
vibrates in the same phase =
𝑣 2 𝑇
14 (a)
According to Doppler’s effect, whenever there is a ∆𝑣 1 ∆𝑇
× 100 = F H × 100
relative motion between a source of sound and 𝑣 2 𝑇
listener, the apparent frequency of sound heard 1 1
by the listener is different from the actual = × × 100 = 0.167 %
2 300
frequency of sound emitted by the source. Let S be
source of sound and L the listener of sound. Let v 18 (b)
be the actual frequency of sound emitted by the 𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 1 1
∆𝑛 = 𝑛$ − 𝑛# ⇒ 4 = − = ” − •
source and 𝜆be the actual wavelength of the 2𝑙$ 2𝑙# 2 1.00 1.025
sound emitted. 8
⇒ 8 = 𝑣[1 − 0.975] ⇒ 𝑣 = ≈ 328 𝑚/𝑠
If v is velocity of sound in still air, then 0.025
𝑣 19 (b)
𝜆= Let the base frequency be 𝑛 for closed pipe then
𝑉
If velocity of listener is 𝑣5 and velocity of source is notes are 𝑛, 3𝑛, 5𝑛 ….
𝑣6 , then apparent frequency of sound waves heard ∴ note 3𝑛 = 255 ⇒ 𝑛 = 85, note 5𝑛 = 85 × 5 =
by the listener is 425 note 7𝑛 = 7 × 85 = 595
𝑣 − 𝑣5 20 (c)
𝑣7 = ×𝑉
𝑣 − 𝑠6
Here, both source and listener are approaching 21 (c)
each other. We know that intensity 𝐼 ∝ 𝑎# , where 𝑎 is
amplitude of the wave. The maximum amplitude
is the sum of two amplitudes i.e., (𝑎 + 𝑎 = 2𝑎)
Hence, maximum intensity ∝ 4 𝑎#
Then 𝑣6 is positive and 𝑣5 is negative. Therefore the required ratio 𝑖. 𝑒., ratio of
𝑣 − (−𝑣5 ) 𝑣 + 𝑣5 maximum intensity (loudness) and intensity
∴ 𝑣7 = 𝑣=F H𝑣 (loudness)of one wave is given by 𝑛,
𝑣 − 𝑣6 𝑣 − 𝑣6
𝑖. 𝑒., 𝑣 7 > 𝑣 4𝑎#
𝑛= # =4
Also, 𝑎
22 (a)
𝜆7 < 𝜆
Here, 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡)
So, listener listens more frequency and observes
less wavelength. 𝑑𝑦
15 (c) = 𝐴 cos(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡) × (−𝜔)
𝑑𝑡
A pulse of a wave train when travels along a
stretched string and reaches the fixed end of the 𝑑𝑦
F H = 𝐴(−1)(−𝜔) = 𝐴𝜔
string, then it will be reflected back to the same 𝑑𝑡 ;<=
medium and the reflected ray suffers a phase 23 (d)
change of π with the incident wave but wave Speed of sound, doesn’t depend upon pressure
velocity after reflection does not change. and density medium at constant temperature
16 (d) 24 (c)
 Let 𝑛 − 1(= 400), 𝑛(= 401) and 𝑛 + 1(= 402) be Comparing given equation with standard
the frequencies of the three waves. If a be the equation
amplitude of each then 𝑦$ = 𝑎 sin 2𝜋(𝑛 − #.1 #.CD #. .
𝑦 = 2𝑎 sin cos gives us = ⇒ 𝜆 = 30
0 0 0 $4
1)𝑡, 𝑦# = 𝑎 sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 and 𝑦+ = 𝑎 sin 2𝜋(𝑛 + 1)𝑡
Distance between nearest node and antinodes
Resultant displacement due to all three waves is 𝜆 30
𝑦 = 𝑦$ + 𝑦# + 𝑦+ = = = 7.5
4 4
= 𝑎 sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 + 𝑎[sin 2𝜋(𝑛 − 1)𝑡 + sin 2𝜋(𝑛 + 1)𝑡] 28 (b)
= 𝑎 sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 + 𝑎[2 sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 cos 2𝜋𝑡] Given ∶ 𝑦$ = 4 sin 404𝜋𝑡, 𝑦# = 3 sin 400𝜋𝑡
= 𝑎[2 cos 2𝜋𝑡 + 1] sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 ∴ 𝜔$ = 404𝜋, 𝜔# = 400𝜋, 𝐴$ = 4, 𝐴# = 3
= 𝑎7 sin 2𝜋𝑛𝑡 with 𝑎7 = 𝑎[1 + 2 cos 2𝜋𝑡] 𝜔$ = 2𝜋𝑣$ ⇒ 404𝜋 = 2𝜋𝑣$ ⇒ 𝑣$ = 202 𝐻𝑧
So, 𝐼 ∝ (𝑎7 )# ∝ 𝑎# (1 + 2 cos 2 𝜋𝑡)# 𝜔# = 2𝜋𝑣# ⇒ 400𝜋 = 2𝜋𝑣# ⇒ 𝑣# = 200 𝐻𝑧
For 𝐼 to be max or min Beat frequency = 𝑣$ − 𝑣# = 202 − 200 = 2 𝐻𝑧
𝑑𝐼 𝑑 𝐼;<= 𝐴$ + 𝐴# # 4+3 # 7 # 49
= 0 ⇒ (1 + 2 cos 2 𝜋𝑡)# = 0 = F H = F H = F H =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐼;EF 𝐴$ − 𝐴# 4−3 1 1
𝑖. 𝑒. , 2(1 + 2 cos 𝜋𝑡)(2 sin 2 𝜋𝑡) × 2𝜋 = 0
29 (c)
sin 2𝜋𝑡 = 0 or 1 + 2 cos 2𝜋𝑡 = 0 40
#. Here 𝐴 = 0.05𝑚, = 0.25 ⇒ 𝜆 = 0.1𝑚
So, if 1 + 2 cos 2𝜋𝑡 = 0 ⇒ 2𝜋𝑡 = 2𝜋𝑛 ± + with #
Now standard equation of wave
𝑛 = 0,1,2 …
2𝜋
$ # " 4
𝑡 = , , , … and for these value of 𝑡 𝑦 = 𝐴 sin (𝑣𝑡 − 𝑥)
+ + + + 𝜆
$
cos 2𝜋𝑡 = − ¡ , 𝐼 = 0, 𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝐼 is min and if ⇒ 𝑦 = 0.05 sin 2𝜋(3300𝑡 − 10𝑥)
#
30 (b)
sin 2𝜋𝑡 = 0 0 C $* 3
1 3 Distance between two nodes = # = #G = #G = G
2𝜋𝑡 = 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 = 0,1,2, … ⇒ 𝑡 = 0, , 1, , 2 …
2 2 31 (d)
(𝐼) from equation (i) Velocity of sound in steel is maximum out of the
# # # #
9𝑎 , 𝑎 , 9𝑎 , 𝑎 given materials water and air. In vacuum sound
𝑖. 𝑒., Intensity is max. (with two different values) cannot travel, it’s speed is zero
𝑖. 𝑒., number of beats per sec is two 32 (c)
25 (c) Beat frequency =number of beats/s.
According to Laplace, the speed of sound in a gas 𝑛 = 𝑛# ± 𝑛$
is ∴ 𝑛$ = 𝑛# ± 𝑛
𝛾𝑝 𝛾𝑅𝑇 33 (a)
𝑣=’ =E Given, y=a sin (100 𝜋t-3x)
𝑑 𝑀
The general equation,
Where R is gas constant, T the temperature and M 2𝜋
the molecular weight. 𝑘 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 =
𝜆
4
For monatomic gas helium, 𝛾$ = + , 𝑀$ = 4 Or
> 2𝜋
For diatomic gas nitrogen, 𝛾# = 4 , 𝑀# = 28 𝜆=
𝑘
𝑣?$ 𝛾$ 𝑀# 2𝜋
∴ =E 𝜆=
𝑣@% 𝛾# 𝑀$ 3
.
Phase difference, 𝜙 = +
5/3 28 5×5 5 2𝜋 𝜋
=E × =E = .𝑥 =
7/5 4 3 √3 𝜆 3
𝜋 𝜆
Hence, 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = ×
3 2𝜋
𝑣A # √3 𝜋 2𝜋
= 𝑥= ×
𝑣@B 5 3 3 × 2𝜋
26 (d) Distance,
𝜋
𝑥= 𝑚
27 (a) 9
34 (b)
 H! $ +×++%
Here 𝜌$ = 𝜌# ; = , 𝑇$ = 𝑇# Second note = 3𝑛$ = 𝐻𝑧
H$ # "
41 (b)
1 𝑇$ 1 𝑇#
𝑛$ = E ; 𝑛# = E 42 (c)
2𝑙𝑟$ 𝜋𝜌$ 2𝑙𝑟# 𝜋𝜌#
The given equation representing a wave travelling
𝑛$ 𝑟# along −𝑦 direction (because ′ + ′ sign is given
= =2
𝑛# 𝑟$ between 𝑡 term and 𝑥 term).
On comparing it with 𝑥 = 𝐴 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝑘𝑦)
35 (a) #. #×+.$"
ID We get 𝑘 = 0
= 12.56 ⇒ 𝜆 = $#.4*
= 0.5 𝑚
Here, is dimensionless and unit of 𝑐𝑡 is same as
0 43 (a)
that of 𝑥. Also unit of 𝜆 is same as that of 𝐴, which 𝑣;<= = 𝑎𝜔 = 3 × 10 = 30
is also the unit of 𝑥 44 (c)
36 (a) For the given super imposing waves
Two possible frequencies of source are = 100 ± .
𝑎$ = 3, 𝑎# = 4 and phase difference 𝜙 =
5 = 105 𝑜𝑟 95 #

⇒ 𝐴 = ’𝑎$# + 𝑎## + 2𝑎$ 𝑎# cos 𝜋/2 = L(3)# + (4)"

Frequency of 2nd harmonic = 210 𝑜𝑟 190
=5
5 beats with source of frequency 205 are possible 45 (a)
only when 2nd harmonic has frequency= 210 $
As 𝑛 ∝ L 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙 = 𝑙$ + 𝑙# + 𝑙+
∴ Frequency of source = 105 Hz
1 1 1 1
∴ = + +
37 (a) 𝑛 𝑛$ 𝑛# 𝑛+
According to problem
46 (c)
$ / C 𝑣 𝑣
#5
’J = "5 …(i) 𝑛MNOPQR = , 𝑛OSQF = ⇒ 𝑛OSQF = 2𝑛MNOPQR = 2𝑓
4𝑙 2𝑙
$
And #5 ’
/K3 +C
= "5 …(ii) 47 (b)
J
Let one mole of each gas has same volumes as V.
Dividing equation (i) and (ii), when they are mixed, then density of mixture is
𝑇 1 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑂# + 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻#
E = ⇒ 𝑇 = 1𝑁 𝜌JT1DUHB =
𝑇+8 3 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑂# + 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻#
32 + 2
38 (d) =
𝑉+𝑉
34 17
39 (b) = =
2𝑉 𝑉
Equation of wave y=0.2 sin (1.5x+60t) Also, 𝜌@$ = V
#

Comparing with standard equation

8W $/#
y=A sin (kx+ωt) Now, velocity 𝑣 = ¡
X
k=1.5, ω=60 Or
𝜔 60 1
∴ velocity of wave 𝑣 = = = 40𝑚𝑠 !$ 𝑣∝
𝑘 1.5
Velocity of wave on a stretched string L𝜌
𝑣JT1DUHB 𝜌@$
𝑇 ∴ = EF H
𝑣=E 𝑉@$ 𝜌JT1DUHB
𝑚
Where m-linear density 2/𝑣 2
T= tension in the string = EF H = EF H
17/𝑣 17
So, 𝑇 = 𝑣 # 𝑚
48 (c)
= (40)# × 3 × 10!" = 0.48
40 (b)
C ++% 49 (d)
For closed pipe 𝑛$ = "L = "
𝐻𝑧 We knows
 2πx
𝛾𝑝 y# = 𝑎# cos Fωt − + ϕH
𝑐=E λ
𝜌
𝑝 $/# 𝜋 2𝜋𝑥
𝑐=F H = 𝑎# sin ” + F𝜔𝑡 − + ϕH•
𝜌 2 𝜆
50 (d) #.1
Compare it with 𝑦$ = 𝑎$ sin 𝜔𝑡 − 0
¡

51 (c) .
Phase difference= #
+ ϕ¡
52 (a) 0 .
Since sources of frequency 𝑥 gives 8 beats per ∴ Path difference = #. # + ϕ¡
second with frequency 250 𝐻𝑧, it’s possible
61 (d)
frequencies are 258 or 242. As source of
frequency 𝑥 gives 12 beats per second with a 𝛾𝑅𝑇 𝑇? 𝑀? 𝑇? 14 7
𝑣 = E ⇒ = ⇒ = =
frequency 270 𝐻𝑧, it’s possible frequencies are 𝑀 𝑇% 𝑀% 273 + 55 16 8
282 and 258 𝐻𝑧. The only possible frequencies of ⇒ 𝑇? = 287𝐾 = 14℃
𝑥 which gives 8 beats with frequency 250 𝐻𝑧 also 62 (c)
12 beats per second with 270 𝐻𝑧 is 258 𝐻𝑧 Resultant amplitude
53 (b) 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
With temperature rise frequency of tuning fork 𝐴9 = 2𝐴 cos F H = 2 × (2𝑎) cos F H = 4𝑎 cos F H
2 2 2
decreases. Because, the elastic properties are 63 (a)
modified when temperature is changed 1
𝑦 = 10!4 sin ´100𝑡 − µ comparing it with the
Also, 𝑛$ = 𝑛% (1 − 0.00011𝑡) $%
#. #.
Where 𝑛D = frequency at 𝑡℃, 𝑛% = frequency at equation of wave motion 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin ´ / 𝑡 − 0 𝑥µ
0℃
54 (d) 2𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
= 100, 𝑇 = = 𝑠
#. # 𝑇 100 50
𝜔# ¡
𝑇 = 𝜇𝑣 # = 𝜇 # = 0.04 %.%%" # = 6.25𝑁 2𝜋 1
𝑘 #. = , 𝜆 = 20𝜋
%.4%
¡ 𝜆 10
55 (c) 0 #%.
1 1 velocity, 𝑣 = / = ./4% = 100 ms!$
𝑛° = = = 1.66 × 10* 𝑚!$
𝜆 6000 × 10!$%
56 (d) 64 (a)

57 (a) 65 (d)
At nodes pressure change (strain) is maximum 8Z
𝑣 = ’ X ; as 𝑃 also changes, 𝜌 also changes. Hence
58 (c)
Z
remains constant so speed remains constant
X
59 (d) 66 (b)
Perceived frequency by observer in Ist case 𝑛, = Known frequency = 256 𝐻𝑧, 𝑛- =?
𝑣
𝑣$ = 𝑣 F H 𝑥 = 4 𝑏𝑝𝑠, which is decreasing after loading
𝑣 − 𝑣6
(𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑥 ↓) also known tuning fork is loaded so 𝑛, ↓
340 340𝑣
∴ 𝑣$ = 𝑣 F H= Hence 𝑛, ↓ −𝑛- = 𝑥 ↓ → correct …(i)
340 − 34 306
Perceived frequency by observer in IInd case 𝑛- − 𝑛, ↓= 𝑥 ↓ → Wrong …(ii)
340 340𝑣 ⇒ 𝑛- = 𝑛, − 𝑥 = 256 − 252 𝐻𝑧
𝑣# = 𝑣 F H= 67 (b)
340 − 17 323
Therefore, Speed of sound in gases is given by
𝑣$ 340𝑣 323 323 19
= × = = 𝛾𝑅𝑇 1 𝑣$ 𝑀#
𝑣# 306 340𝑣 306 18 𝑣=E ⇒𝑣∝ ⇒ =E
𝑀 √𝑀 𝑣# 𝑀$
60 (b)
68 (a) 𝑣
𝑓%7 =
8W 4 2𝐿I )
(
𝑣 = ’ X . The speed (𝑣) will be highest for the gas 1 1
= 𝑓I = × 2 = 1𝐻𝑧
for which 𝛾 is highest, which is monoatomic gas 2 2
Hence, number of beats produced per second is
69 (d) 𝑓%7 = 𝑓 7 = 8 − 1 = 7
73 (c)
70 (b) For closed organ pipe 𝑛$ , : 𝑛# : 𝑛+ … . = 1: 3: 5: ….
𝑛, = Known frequency = 256 𝐻𝑧, 𝑛- =? 74 (b)
𝑥 = 6 𝑏𝑝𝑠, which remains the same after loading. As is clear from figure of question
Unknown tuning fork 𝐹# is loaded so 𝑛- ↓
𝜆W 𝑣 𝑣
Hence 𝑛, − 𝑛- ↓= 𝑥 → Wrong …(i) 𝑙 = , 𝜆 = 4𝑙, 𝑛W = =
𝑛- ↓ −𝑛, = 𝑥 → …(ii) 4 𝜆W 4𝑙
⇒ 𝑛- = 𝑛, + 𝑥 = 256 + 6 = 262 𝐻𝑧 𝜆[ 𝑣 𝑣
71 (b) 𝑙 = , 𝜆[ = 2𝑙, 𝑛[ = =
2 𝜆[ 2𝑙
Position of first node=16cm
𝜆 𝑣 𝑣
+ 𝑒 = 16𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 𝜆H , 𝜆H = 𝑙, 𝑛H = =
2 𝜆H 𝑙
Where e =end correction
Position of second node=46cm 3𝜆6 4𝑙 𝑣 3𝑣
𝑙= , 𝜆6 = , 𝑛6 = =
𝜆 𝜆 4 3 𝜆6 4𝑙
+ + 𝑒 = 46𝑐𝑚
2 2
𝑣 𝑣 𝑣 3𝑣
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq.(i) ∴ 𝑛W : 𝑛[ : 𝑛H : 𝑛6 = : : : = 1: 2: 3: 4
𝜆 4𝑙 2𝑙 𝑙 4𝑙
= 30 𝑐𝑚
2 75 (c)
60
𝜆 = 60 𝑐𝑚 = 𝑚 For an organ pipe open at one end,
100
∴ speed of sound v=v𝜆 +C
Frequency of 1st overtone 𝑛$ =
60 "L !
= 500 × = 300𝑚𝑠 !$
100
For the organ pipe open at both ends,
72 (d)
Given, f% − fM = 2 … (i) +C
Frequency of 3rd harmonic,𝑛# = #L
Frequency of fundamental mode for a closed $

organ pipe,
𝑣 As 𝑛$ = 𝑛#
𝑓I =
4𝐿I
Similarly frequency of fundamental mode an open
orgen pipe, 3𝑣 3𝑣 𝑙$ 2 1
𝑣 ∴ = 𝑜𝑟 = =
𝑓% = 4𝑙$ 2𝑙# 𝑙# 4 2
2𝐿%
Given 𝐿I = 𝐿%
⟹ 𝑓% = 2𝑓I … (𝑖𝑖)
76 (a)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
For the end correction x,
𝑓% = 4𝐻𝑧
𝑙# + 𝑥 3𝜆/4
And 𝑓I = 2𝐻𝑧 = =3
𝑙$ + 𝑥 𝜆/4
When the length of the open pipe is halved, its 𝑙# − 3𝑙$
frequency of fundamental mode is ⟹ 𝑥=
𝑣 2
7
𝑓% = 5 70.2 − 3 × 22.7
2 ´ #" µ = = 1.05cm
2
= 2𝑓% = 2 × 4𝐻𝑧 = 8𝐻𝑧 77 (a)
When the length of the closed pipe is doubled, its Fundamental frequency of open pipe is double
frequency of fundamental mode is that of the closed pipe
78 (b) The lowest frequency must be highest common
In a closed pipe, resonance frequency 𝑛 = factor of 135 and 165, which is 15 Hz.
(2 𝑟 − 1)𝑣 = 4𝑙 = 135 𝑎𝑛𝑑 165.