Amrit Mandal

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10KWp Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System

Acknowledgement
The purpose of this paper is to estimate and design a 10KWp Stand-Alone Solar PV Power
System. The site has taken here as reference is Purulia, west Bengal, India. Importance of
selecting site is that the generation of solar power depends upon the irradiation over the
location.

The system described here can be applied to commercial buildings’ room’s electrical power
needs. The system is stand-alone (not grid-tie) because the generated power utilized as per
requirements of the user- if generated power is not used then the excess power will be wasted
here(condition: battery bank is fully charged) .

In this paper a Single Line Diagram (SLD) of the stand-alone system presented with connection
details. I hope it may help the reader in understanding and setting up the system.

Components like solar panels, batteries, inverters etc. from the different manufacturers are
referred here just to complete the paper with a better approach towards the familiarity of the
stated above components. I personally DO NOT represent the supplier/manufacturer of Solar
panels, Inverters, Batteries.

Finally, to the readers of this paper- any suggestion regarding the subject of this paper is always
welcome. And the financial detail which is stated here is subjected to current market scenario.
Advised to contact at the given e-mail address.
 Amrit Mandal
[email protected]

Contents

1. Aim of the Report

2. Load Demand Estimation

3. SPV calculation

4. Battery Bank Calculation

5. Inverter Calculation

6. Other components’ Calculation

7. System Design: Visual Representation

8. Component Selection

9. Project Cost Estimation

 Amrit Mandal
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Aim of the Report

This report is dealing with the design and estimation of a 10KWp SPV Stand-alone
system which can be implicated in an Office building, Hospital building or a
School/Hostel building.
The site of installation can be roof-top or shade-free ground near the building.
This report will help the installers in executing the project more precisely.
 Amrit Mandal
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Load Demand Calculation/Estimation

Equipment Name Quantity Wattage Using Hour

Flurocent Lamp 50 50 5
Ceiling Fan 40 70 9
Computer 10 80 7

From the above table, it’s clear that the typical load demand of a commercial building
during working hours is around 44500 watt-hours/day or 44.5KW-hr/day just to run the
fluorescent lamps, ceiling fans and computers.
This estimation of load is based on a school building’s main section where the office is
situated. The school is at Kolkata, West Bengal.
So the estimated value of load can be changed subjected to the building where the SPV
system is being installed.

METEO DETAILS
Location Purulia, West Bengal, India

Irradiation 6.2KW-h/m2/day
Yearly Irradiation yield 1862KWh/m2
Total Sunny days available 250

Temperature :
i) Lowest a) 3o C
ii) Highest b) 50 o c
iii) average c) 27 o c
Transposition factor 1.06
Diffuse factor 1.00
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Optimum Tilt Angles For Solar PV Array Adjusted by Months

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

51° 59° 67° 75° 83° 90°

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

83° 75° 67° 59° 51° 44°

Figures shown here in degrees respect to vertical axis

Winter Spring/Autumn Summer

44° angle 67° angle 90° angle

So, from the above table you can see that the tilt angle can be adjusted through the year to get
the maximum power from solar array.

But if you want to make a fixed tilted system, then choose the 67 degree with vertical axis or
23 degree with horizontal axis.

The details about the construction will be discussed later in this paper.

Note: for setting up/construct the solar array with a fixed tilt angle is easier than to
make the array angle adjustable through-out the year. Adjusting of the tilt angle can
be achieved by either tracking system or by manually-with the help of gear
arrangement
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Electrical Construction Details

Here I’ll discuss about the electrical details about the solar panels, system voltage,
battery bank requirements and the inverter specs.

Solar Array Sizing

Total watt-hr/day 44.5KW-hr/day
Solar array size 10.6KWp
Solar module Power: 250Wp
VDC: 24V
ADC: 15A
Total no. of module 42

Electrical Characteristics of Each Solar Module (Required)

Watt Peak 250Wp
Voc 32-39V
Vmpp 25V-30V
Isc 8.5A-9A
Impp 7.5A-8.3A
Module Efficiency 13.5% to 15%
Power Tolerance -0 & +5
Technology Si-Poly
Operating Condition Details (Required)
Maximum System Voltage/Range 48V/43V-60V
Maximum Fuse Rating 20
Limiting Reverse Current 20
Operating Temp Range (-10 to 85)0C
Max Static Load-front(Snow+Wind) 5500PA
Max Static Load-Rear(wind) 2500PA
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Temperature Co-efficient Characteristics (Required)

NOCT(oC) 47 ± 2 oC
Module Efficiency (%/oC) -0.07 ± 0.01
Temperature Co-Eff. Of Pmax (%/oC) -0.45 ± 0.05
Temperature Co-Eff. Of Voc (%/oC) -0.35 ± 0.05
Temperature Co-Eff. Of Isc (%/oC) 0.08 ± 0.015

Solar Array Design

Power rating of each SPV module 250Wp
No. of modules in series 2
No. of modules in parallel 21
Total no. of required modules 42
Required wiring in Connection of array <50m
Loss factor for wiring

Battery Bank Selection **

Usage/day 7 hours
Autonomy 2 days
Battery Type Lead-Acid Deep Cycle Battery;C10
Required capacity of Battery Bank 2060 Ah
Battery Bank Operating Voltage 48 VDC
Each Battery Voltage 12 VDC
Each Battery Capacity 200 Ah
Total No. of strings 10 (connected in parallel)
No. of Batteries in each string 4 (connected in series)
Total No. of batteries required 40

**
The battery unit selection done on the basis of it’s availability in market. An accurate calculation of
battery unit will be presented latter in this paper.
 Amrit Mandal
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Inverter Selection
Load Demand (2.5KW+2.8KW)+(0.8KW+1.2KW)=6KW+2KW
Input DC System Voltage 48V
Output AC Voltage 230V
Desired Inverter rating 8KW to 10KW

Other components
Component’s Name Electrical Specification Function
Charge Controller  Type: MPPT To track the max power
 >48V, 96A output from the array
 Temperature Sensing
with Arc Fault
Detecting
Combiner box 96V, 150A To reduce the usage of excess
wiring and increase the
system efficiency
Data logging + monitoring Single Server With Data logger Log and monitor the overall
system and controller device system performance
Fault protection To secure the system from
grounding fault
AC side protection Blocking diodes, Fuse, CB Short circuit, overload
protection & power mismatch
protection for solar array
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Solar Array Design : Visual

 Each SPV modules’ power rating = 250Wp

 Connection type is combination of series-parallel which has been discussed
earlier.
 A junction box/combiner box is advised to use to minimize the losses in
wire.
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BATTERY BANK design : VISUAL

 Each battery rating = 12V, 200Ah

 Connection Type = Combination of series-parallel
 System voltage = 48VDC I/P from SPV array and 48VDC Batt. Bank voltage
 It is advised to use a combiner box for parallel connection of 10 no. of strings
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Accurate/ Alternate Battery Bank Design : Visual

Alternate/Accurate Battery Bank Selection

Required battery bank capacity 2060Ah

System voltage (DC side) 48V
Each battery rating (proposed) 2V, 2000Ah
No. of strings 1
Required no. of batteries in each string 24
Total no. of batteries 24
Connection type series
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10KWP SPV System Design: SLD (Single Line Diagram)

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Component Selection/Suggestion**:
SL. No. Components Manufacturers/Vendors
1 SPV i) Moserbaer Solar
ii) Titan Energy
iii) TATA Power Solar
iv) Webel Solar
2 Battery i) Exide
ii) HBL
3 Charge Controller i) SMA
ii) Phocos
iii) Su-Kam
iv) Outback Power
4 Solar Inverter i) SMA
ii) ABB
iii) Exide
iv) Power-One
v) Sun Power
5 Protection System User can select any breaker/protection system available at
his/her region
(personal suggestion ABB)
6 RMS i) AcuSolar
ii) ABB
iii) SunPower Corp
iv) SMA

** I’m not representing any of the companies/organizations suggested above in the component
selection/Suggestion part. I went through the manuals/datasheets of the products/components
of the above said companies’ website and found these are most suitable and perfect to work
with.

Personally, as a Solar Energy Professional (currently working as a Technical Coordinator of a

solar company), I have been using some of the products of above said companies and I’m really
satisfied.

Again, It’s totally depends on the user/installer how & where they use those
components/products.
 Amrit Mandal
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Project Execution Cost Estimation:

Project execution cost depends on the country’s/ region’s Renewable Energy policy set by the
Government. Also depends on the Manufacturer’s product availability on that particular state
or region.

So for these main and vital parameters of calculation and estimation of Solar Energy Project
cost, I’m not including any particular cost details.

For cost details, please drop a mail on my email id – [email protected] and please
mention your location or country.

For India:

It will cost to customer about 14Lacs to 15Lacs INR which totally depends upon the
company/vendor you are dealing with.

For further enquiry on project cost, please contact at my mail id given here.

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