SL OPTIMIZE DM MELA

Knowledge Sharing Session

5G Optimization
Session#1

2022 – Q2
Balkaran Singh & Nandan Thakur BMAS SA NDO SL OPT DM MELA 2022-05-06
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 1 of 28
 What's in for You?

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 2 of 28

 With 5G networks being commercially deployed across
Europe and Latin America we would like to empower
NDO colleagues from SL OPT DM MELA with adequate
knowledge on 5G Optimization principles. ▪ Knowledge sharing sessions would follow a Practical
approach based on learnings from live networks. This
would enable better understanding of concepts and
will make the sessions interesting and interactive.

▪ Case studies from several live networks will be

discussed during the session which will help in better
Technical Practical understanding of the concepts.
Forum Approach
▪ Technical Forum will be setup to discuss peculiar
problems and challenges in 5G Optimization

▪ Optimization principles covering following aspects of

Case Studies 5G will be covered during the sessions
✓ NR Overview
✓ Accessibility NSA (Ericsson system)
✓ Retainability NSA (Ericsson system)
✓ Integrity & Mobility NSA (Ericsson system)
✓ Features & Radio DOT solution NR (Ericsson system)
✓ Optimization principles - NSA (Competitor system)
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 3 of 28
 Timeline NR Optimization principles
NSA (Competitor system)
NR Features & Radio DOT
Solution for NR SME Forum:
(Ericsson system) ❖ Balkaran Singh
❖ Nandan Thakur
Integrity & Mobility NSA ❖ Ruchika Singh
(Ericsson system) ❖ Siddharth Pathak
❖ Tanumoy Sett
NR Retainability NSA ❖ Rinja Sinha
(Ericsson system) ❖ Nazdeep Behl
❖ Ashok Cheerla
NR Overview and NR ❖ Peeyoosh Mailapravan
Accessibility ❖ Dhiraj Sharma
NSA (Ericsson system) ❖ Vijay Kumar D
WK18 WK19 WK20 WK21 WK22 WK23 WK24 WK25 WK26 WK27
th
May 6 May 13th May 20th May 27th June 3rd June 10th June 17th June 24th July 1st July 8th
75 mins 75 min 75 mins 75 mins 75 mins 75 mins 75 mins 75 mins 75 mins 75 mins

✓ 5G Knowledge sharing sessions will be delivered over a span of 10 weeks

✓ Sessions will be repeated twice on the training day to accommodate NDO colleagues supporting different
time zones within MELA.

✓ Subtopics will be distributed over 2 weeks for detailed explanation of concepts and case studies.
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 4 of 28
 NR Overview

Ericsson 2022-05-06
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 5 of 28
 Agenda

➢ NR Basic theory & Architecture

➢ ENDC Leg Setup & Release

➢ Test your knowledge

➢ Q&A

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 6 of 28

NR Basic theory & Architecture
 LTE/NR Scenarios
Stand Alone Non Stand Alone

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 LTE/NR Scenarios

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 E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
EPC ❑ Control Signalling handled by eNB through
S1-C Interface
❑ DRB setup by; Split Bearer Using LTE and
NR Radio Resource or Just LTE Bearer.
S1-C S1-U S1-U
X2-C ❑ eNb and gnB interconnected via X2
eNB gNB interface, where split Bearer is handled by
X2-U
X2-U and Control via X2-C.

DRB

SRB
DRB So, Why 5G in NR NSA??
- Easy and smooth transition.
User data
- Reutilize current investment from Customer.
NR UE Control - LTE operates in lower bands, and provides
signalling robustness.
- NR can boost the overall performance for NR-
capable UEs, as it operates in higher bands

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 10 of 28

 Bearer Types
— UE can have Master Node (MN) Secondary Node (SN)
more than one eNodeB, LTE gNodeB, NR
bearer type
simultaneously Option 1 Option 3x Option 3x
MN Terminated SN Terminated SN Terminated
SRB MCG DRB MCG DRB Split DRB

PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC

MN = Master Node
SN = Secondary Node
SRB = Signaling Radio Bearer
DRB = Data Radio Bearer
MCG = Master Cell Group MAC & L1 MAC & L1
SCG = Secondary Cell Group

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 11 of 28

 User Plane Transmission Mode

Downlink side Uplink side

PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP

LTE Leg NR Leg LTE Leg NR Leg LTE Leg NR Leg LTE Leg NR Leg

Fast Switch Dual Carrier Configured Operator

Mode Aggregation Parameters
Possible Scenarios Possible Scenarios Possible Scenarios
Using LTE Leg. Using Both leg (Configuration)
Using NR Leg simultaneously
Always LTE (Default)
NR Leg based in good Always NR
NR quality
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 12 of 28
Leg Switching
 NR – Basic Numerology
LTE: A single 15 kHz subcarrier spacing
– Normal and extended cyclic prefix Rel-15 supports the following numerologies
Data [kHz] SSB [kHz]
NR supports sub-1GHz to several 10 GHz spectrum < 6 GHz 15, 30, 60 15, 30
range → Multiple OFDM numerologies required > 6 GHz 60, 120 120, 240
– Flexible subcarrier spacing always a factor of 15kHz
Notes: 30 kHz subcarrier spacing is supported for
where n varies from 0 to 4 ( Δf=2n∙15 kHz ) Mid-band (< 6 GHz)
– Scaled from LTE numerology
– Higher subcarrier spacing  Shorter symbols and
cyclic prefix
– Extended cyclic prefix only standardized for 60 kHz

15 kHz
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 13 of 28
30 kHz 60 kHz 120 kHz 240 kHz
 NR – Time/Frequency Structure
1 OFDM symbol = 71.35 µs (incl CP 4.69 µs)

One slot = 14 symbols (Normal CP) 15 kHz

low 1 slot = 1000 µs
One resource block = 12 sub-carriers band
1 OFDM symbol = 35.68 µs (incl CP 2.34 µs)
30 kHz
mid-band 1 slot = 500 µs

1 OFDM symbol = 8.92 µs (incl CP 0.59 µs)

120
kHz 125 µs

mmW
Higher numerology  Shorter slot  Lower latency
– But also shorter cyclic prefix  Less robust to channel time
dispersion
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 14 of 28
 SSBlock (Synchronization Signal Block SSB)
▪ SSB is used during initial access, as well as searching a suitable cell and
identification.
▪ SSB is built under Primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary
synchronization signal (SSS) and Physical broadcast channel PBCH.

Consist of:
— Total of 4 symbols.
— 240 Subcarriers, 20 PRB
— Periodicity 2 frames (20 ms)
3GPP 38.211

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 15 of 28

 TDD UL/DL Patterns
— Supported TDD UL/DL Patterns
— TDD UL/DL Pattern defines DL, UL and special slot(s)
— The slot “S” defined by TDD Special Slot pattern (see next slide).
Slot number
3DL+1UL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
TDD_ULDL_PATTERN_00 DL DL S UL DL DL S UL DL DL S UL DL DL S UL DL DL S UL

2ms

Slot number
4DL+2UL+4DL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
TDD_ULDL_PATTERN_01
DL DL DL S UL UL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL S UL UL DL DL DL DL

5ms

Slot number
4DL+1UL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
TDD_ULDL_PATTERN_02 DL DL DL S UL DL DL DL S UL DL DL DL S UL DL DL DL S UL

2.5ms

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 16 of 28

 TDD Special Slot Patterns

— Special Slot patterns

— The pattern defines DL, UL and guard symbols in the special slot(s).
11DL+3G 3DL+8G+3UL 10DL+2G+2UL
TDD_SPECIAL_SLOT_PATTERN_00 TDD_SPECIAL_SLOT_PATTERN_01 TDD_SPECIAL_SLOT_PATTERN_02

Symbol Symbol Symbol

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL UL UL UL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL UL UL

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 17 of 28

EN-DC NR Leg Setup and
Release
 EN-DC NR Leg Setup and Release
SCG Addition(Configuration/MeasureBased)

When Event B1 is satisfied, for NR technology the UE sends a

measurement report to the eNodeB, which triggers the SN
addition procedure.

There are two separate MOs for Event B1 report configuration for
NR coverage detection in the eNodeB. ReportConfigB1Gutra (NR
NSA) & ReportConfigB1NR (NR SA)

Configuration-Based (Blind Addition):

Conditio fulfilment It is needed to have relation created in order to add
RSRP_target > secondary node Blindly
(LTE)ReportConfigB1Gutra.b1ThresholdRsrp + EUtranCellTDD.extGUtranCellRef
(LTE)GUtranFreqRelation.b1ThrRsrpFreqOffset +
(LTE)ReportConfigB1Gutra.hysteresisB1/2 Measurement based:
Is fulfilled for: Following parameters are set in order to trigger
(LTE)ReportConfigB1Gutra.timeToTriggerB1 event: b1ThresholdRsrp, b1ThresholdRsrq,
hysteresisB1, timeToTriggerB1 and
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 19 of 28
triggerQuantityB1
 EN-DC NR Leg Setup and Release
UL/DL Decoupling

This feature introduces the basic support for configuring the

downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) on the MCG and SCG resources
independently as well as dynamically switching between them.
(see following slides for DL/UL Leg Switch.

Note that the UL dynamic switching of the user plane between

MCG and SCG resources (LTE and NR) is controllable on the cell
level via NRCellDU.endcUlLegSwitchEnabled.

The UL SINR quality threshold, NRCellDU

endcUlNrLowQualThresh, has recommended parameter settings
depending on the operating NR band.

This improves NR coverage by simultaneously taking advantage

of the high peak data rate and low-latency of the NR downlink,
and the strong coverage of the low-band LTE uplink.

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 20 of 28

 EN-DC NR Leg Setup and Release
DL LegSwitching
1. Initially, when an SN Terminated Split Bearer is established (e.g.
due to reception of a B1 measurement report), the downlink user
plane uses SCG (NR) resources. The SCG resources continue to be
used while the NR DL SINR remains acceptable.
2. When the NR DL SINR falls below NRCellDU.
endcDlNrLowQualThresh, an immediate switch to the MCG (LTE)
resources is triggered. This switch is also triggered if CQI reports
are not received successfully from the UE. Any unsent data is
forwarded to the eNodeB for transmission.
3. Even if the NR DL SINR becomes acceptable again (above
NRCellDU.endcDlNrLowQualThresh +
NRCellDU.endcDlNrQualHyst), a switch back to the SCG (NR)
resources cannot occur until the prohibit timer expires.
4. When the GNBCUUPFunction.endcDlNrRetProhibTimer expires,
and if the quality remains acceptable, a switch back to the SCG
(NR) resources is triggered. Any unsent data is forwarded to the
gNodeB for transmission.

Please take in consideration this threshold is based in

SINR. So in some case UE could be lost before reaching
SINR values. Fine tuning for this threshold must be apply
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 21 of 28 to consider best place for switching to LTE.
 EN-DC NR Leg Setup and Release
UL LegSwitching

1. Uplink is configured in the gNodeB with the parameter

QciProfileEndcConfigExt.initialUplinkConf (either MCG or SCG). If
Uplink User Plane Switching is disabled, the initial selection is kept
statically throughout the lifetime of the SN Terminated Split Bearer.
2. When the estimated NR UL SINR falls below NRCellDU.
endcUlNrLowQualThresh, an RRC reconfiguration to MCG (LTE)
resources is triggered.
3. Even if the NR UL SINR becomes acceptable again (above
NRCellDU.endcUlNrLowQualThresh +
NRCellDU.endcUlNrQualHyst), a switch back to SCG (NR)
resources cannot occur until the prohibit timer expires.
4. When the GNBCUUPFunction.endcUlNrRetProhibTimer expires,
and the quality remains acceptable, a switch back to SCG (NR)
resources is triggered.

Notice that to activate UL Leg switching is needed to Set

NRCellDU.endcUlLegSwitchEnabled. enabled

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 22 of 28

 EN-DC NR Leg Setup and Release
LTE -NR DownlinkAggregation 1. When flow control is active, packets that are not allowed for transmission are
buffered in the PDCP SDU buffer.

2. The LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation feature is applied for bearers where a packet
spends longer time in the PDCP SDU queue than the configured value defined
by the GNBCUUPFunction.dcDlAggActTime attribute.

Note: Setting GNBCUUPFunction.dcDlAggActTime to 0 immediately

activates downlink aggregation for the DRB.

This is not recommended for most networks as it can send packets on both MCG
and SCG resources even for short transmissions, increasing the latency for the end
user.

3. LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation stops and single radio resource packet

scheduling starts in the following cases:

▪ An RLF is detected.

▪ NR radio quality is insufficient.

▪ The LTE-NR Downlink Aggregation feature deactivates, when the following

conditions are met:
FeatureState ACTIVATED in
✓ All data for the DRB is transmitted and acknowledged.
the FeatureState=CXC4012273
✓ The guard period defined by the
GNBCUUPFunction.dcDlAggExpiryTimer attribute value expire
| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 23 of 28
 Test your knowledge

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 24 of 28

Questions
✓ Which 3GPP Options are being used for NSA & SA ?
✓ What are the different Transmission modes ?
✓ What are the different types of bearer’s ?
✓ What is UL/DL decoupling ?
✓ What is DL/UL leg switching ?
✓ What is different method to setup NR leg ?
✓ What is DC-DL aggregation ?

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 25 of 28

 Q&A

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 26 of 28

 Upcoming Sessions
Session#1 Session#2 Session#3 Session#4 Session#5 Session#6 Session#7 Session#8 Session#9 Session#10

CW18 CW19 CW20 CW21 CW22 CW23 CW24 CW25 CW26 CW27
SOID May 6th May 13th May 20th May 27th June 3rd June 10th June 17th June 24th July 1st July 8th

12:00 to
NA 502222 502225 502191 502193
13:30hrs
18:00 to
NA 502224 502226 502192 502194
19:30hrs

Registration closes 7days prior to the training.

For e.g. 13th May training session SOID 502222 & 502224, registrations close on May 6th

Hence, we encourage all participant to register themselves for the session well in advance.

| EBALKSI Balkaran Singh | 2022-04-22 | Ericsson Internal | Page 27 of 28