NCERT Solutions for Class 10
Maths
Chapter 4 – Quadratic Equations
Exercise 4.3
1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, if they exist, by the
method of completing the square:
i. 2x2 -7x+3=0
Ans: 2x 2 -7x+3=0
On dividing both sides of the equation by 2 .
7 3
x 2 - x=-
2 2
7 3
x 2 -2 x=-
4 2
2
7
On adding both sides of equation.
4
2 2
7 7 3 7
x -2 x+ =-
2
4 4 2 4
2
7 49 3
x- = -
4 16 2
2
7 25
x- =
4 16
7 5
x- =
4 4
7 5
x=
4 4
7 5 7 5
x= or x=
4 4 4 4
12 2
x= or x=
4 4
1
x=3 or x=
2
ii. 2x2 +x-4=0
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 1
Ans: 2x 2 +x-4=0
On dividing both sides of the equation by 2 .
1
x 2 + x=2
2
2
1
On adding both sides of equation.
4
2 2
1 1 1
x +2 x+ =2+
2
4 4 4
2
1 33
x+ =
4 16
1 33
x+ =
4 4
33 1
x=± -
4 4
33 1
x=±
4
33 1 33 1
x= or x=
4 4
iii. 4x 2 +4 3x+3=0
Ans: 4x 2 +4 3x+3=0
2x +2 2 3 x+
2 2
3 =0
3 =0
2
2x+
2x+ 3 =0 and 2x+ 3 =0
- 3 - 3
x= and x=
2 2
iv. 2x2 +x+4=0
Ans: 2x 2 +x+4=0
On dividing both sides of the equation by 2 .
1
x 2 + x+2=0
2
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 2
1
x 2 +2 x=-2
4
2
1
On adding both sides of equation.
4
2 2
1 1 1
x +2 x+ =-2+
2
4 4 4
2
1 1
x+ = -2
4 16
2
1 31
x+ =-
4 16
Since, the square of a number cannot be negative.
Therefore, there is no real root for the given equation.
2. Find the roots of the quadratic equations given in Q.1 above by applying
the quadratic formula.
i. 2x2 -7x+3=0
Ans: 2x 2 -7x+3=0
On comparing this equation with ax 2 +bx+c=0 .
So, a=2 , b=-7 , c=3 .
Therefore, by using quadratic formula-
-b± b 2 -4ac
x=
2a
7± 49-24
x=
4
7±5
x=
4
7+5 7-5
x= or x=
4 4
12 2
x= or x=
4 4
1
x=3 or .
2
ii. 2x2 +x-4=0
Ans: 2x 2 +x-4=0
On comparing this equation with ax 2 +bx+c=0 .
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 3
So, a=2 , b=1, c=-4 .
Therefore, by using quadratic formula-
-b± b 2 -4ac
x=
2a
-1± 1-32
x=
4
-1± 33
x=
4
-1+ 33 -1- 33
x= or x=
4 4
-1+ 33 -1- 33
x= or .
4 4
iii. 4x 2 +4 3x+3=0
Ans: 4x 2 +4 3x+3=0
On comparing this equation with ax 2 +bx+c=0 .
So, a=4 , b=4 3 , c=3 .
Therefore, by using quadratic formula-
-b± b 2 -4ac
x=
2a
-4 3± 48-48
x=
8
-4 3
x=
8
- 3 - 3
x= or x=
2 2
- 3 - 3
x= or .
2 2
iv. 2x2 +x+4=0
Ans: 2x 2 +x+4=0
On comparing this equation with ax 2 +bx+c=0 .
So, a=2 , b=1, c=4 .
Therefore, by using quadratic formula-
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 4
-b± b 2 -4ac
x=
2a
-1± 1-32
x=
4
-1± -31
x=
4
Since, the square of a number cannot be negative.
Therefore, there is no real root for the given equation.
3. Find the roots of the following equations:
1
i. x- =3,x 0
x
1
Ans: x- =3,x 0
x
On comparing this equation with ax 2 +bx+c=0 .
So, a=1, b=-3 , c=-1 .
Therefore, by using quadratic formula-
-b± b 2 -4ac
x=
2a
3± 9+4
x=
2
3± 13
x=
2
3+ 13 3- 13
x= or x=
2 2
3+ 13 3- 13
x= or .
2 2
1 1 11
ii. - = ,x -4,7
x+4 x-7 30
1 1 11
Ans: - = ,x -4,7
x+4 x-7 30
x-7-x-4 11
=
x+4 x-7 30
-11 11
=
x+4 x-7 30
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 5
x+4 x-7 30
x 2 -3x-28=-30
x 2 -3x+2=0
x 2 -2x-x+2=0
x x-2 -1 x-2 =0
x-2 x-1 =0
x=1 or 2
4. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages, (in years) 3 years ago
1
and 5 years from now is . Find his present age.
3
Ans: Let the present age of Rehman be x years.
Three years ago, his age is x-3 years .
Five years hence, his age will be x+5 years .
1 1 1
Therefore, + =
x-3 x+5 3
x+5+x-3 1
=
x-3 x+5 3
2x+2 1
=
x-3 x+5 3
3 2x+2 x-3 x+5
6x+6=x 2 +2x-15
x 2 -4x-21=0
x 2 -7x+3x-21=0
x x-7 +3 x-7 =0
x-7 x+3 =0
x=7 or -3
Therefore, Rehman’s age is 7 years .
5. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is
30 . Had she got 2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in
English, the product of their marks would have been 210 . Find her marks
in the two subjects.
Ans: Let the marks in maths be x .
Thus, marks in English will be 30-x .
Hence, according to question –
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 6
x+2 30-x-3 =210
x+2 27-x =210
-x 2 +25x+54=210
x 2 -25x+156=0
x 2 -12x-13x+156=0
x x-12 -13 x-12 =0
x-12 x-13 =0
x=12,13
Case 1- If the marks in mathematics are 12 , then marks in English will be 18 .
Case 2- If the marks in mathematics are 13 , then marks in English will be 17 .
6. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side.
If the longer side is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of
the field.
Ans: Let the shorter side of the rectangle be x m .
Thus, Larger side of the rectangle will be x+30 m .
Diagonal of the rectangle be x 2 + x+30
2
Hence, according to question-
x 2 + x+30 =x+60
2
x 2 + x+30 = x+60
2 2
x 2 +x 2 +900+60x=x 2 +3600+120x
x 2 -60x-2700=0
x 2 -90x+30-2700=0
x x-90 30 x-90 =0
x-90 x+30 =0
x=90,-30
Since, side cannot be negative.
Therefore, the length of the shorter side of rectangle is 90 m .
Hence, length of the larger side of the rectangle be 120 m .
7. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180 . The square of the smaller
number is 8 times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
Ans: Let the larger number be x and smaller number be y .
According to question-
x 2 -y 2 =180 and y 2 =8x
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 7
x 2 -8x=180
x 2 -8x-180=0
x 2 -18x-10x-180=0
x x-18 10 x-18 =0
x-18 x+10 =0
x=18,-10
Since, larger cannot be negative as 8 times of the larger number will be negative
and hence, the square of the smaller number will be negative which is not possible.
Therefore, the larger number will be 18 .
y 2 =8 18
y 2 =144
y=±12
Hence, smaller number be 12 .
Therefore, the numbers are 18 and 12 or 18 and 12 .
8. A train travels 360 km km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been
5km/h more, it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find
the speed of the train.
Ans: Let the speed of the train be x km/h .
360
Time taken to cover 360 km/h be .
x
According to question-
x+5 -1 =360
360
x
1800
360-x+ -5=360
x
x 2 +5x-1800=0
x 2 +45x-40x-1800=0
x x+45 40 x+45 =0
x+45 x-40 =0
x=40,-45
Since, the speed cannot be negative.
Therefore, the speed of the train is 40 km/h .
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 8
3
9. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours. The tap of larger
8
diameter takes 10 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank
separately. Find the time in which each tap can separately fill the tank.
Ans: Let the time taken by the smaller pipe to fill the tank be x hr .
So, time taken by larger pipe be x-10 hr .
1
Part of the tank filled by smaller pipe in 1 hour is .
x
1
Part of the tank filled by larger pipe in 1 hour is .
x-10
So, according to question-
1 1 3
+ =9
x x-10 8
1 1 75
+ =
x x-10 8
x-10+x 8
=
x x-10 75
2x-10 8
=
x x-10 75
75 2x-10 =8x 2 -80x
150x-750=8x 2 -80x
8x 2 -230x+750=0
8x 2 -200x-30x+750=0
8x x-25 -30 x-25 =0
x-25 8x-30 =0
30
x=25 or
8
30
Case 1- If time taken by smaller pipe be i.e 3.75 hours .
8
So, Time taken by larger pipe will be negative which is not possible.
Hence, this case is rejected.
Case 2- If time taken by smaller pipe be 25 .Then, time taken by larger pipe will
be 15 hour .
Therefore, time taken by smaller pipe be 25 and time taken by larger pipe will be
15 hour .
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 9
10. An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel
132 km between Mysore and Bangalore (without taking into
consideration the time they stop at intermediate stations). If the average
speeds of the express train is 11 km/h more than that of the passenger
train, find the average speed of the two trains.
Ans: Let the average speed of passenger train be x km/h .
So, Average speed of express train be x+11 km/h .
Thus, according to question.
132 132
- =1
x x+11
x+11-x
132 =1
x x+11
132×11
=1
x x+11
132×11=x x+11
x 2 +11x-1452=0
x 2 +44x-33x-1452=0
x x+44 -33 x+44 =0
x+44 x-33 =0
x=-44 or 33
Since, speed cannot be negative.
Therefore, the speed of the passenger train will be 33 km/h and thus, the speed
of the express train will be 44 km/h .
11. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m 2 . If the difference of their
perimeters are 24 m , find the sides of the two squares.
Ans: Let the sides of the two squares be x m and y m .
Thus, their perimeters will be 4x and 4y and areas will be x 2 and y 2 .
Hence, according to question –
4x-4y=24
x-y=6
x=y+6
And x 2 +y 2 =468
Substituting value of x-
y+6 +y 2 =468
2
36+y 2 +12y+y 2 =468
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 10
2y 2 +12y-432=0
y2 +6y-216=0
y 2 +18y-12y-216=0
y y+18 -12 y+18 =0
y+18 y-12 =0
y=-18 or 12
Since, side cannot be negative.
Therefore, the sides of the square are 12 m and 12+6 m i.e 18 m .
Class X Maths www.vedantu.com 11
