Question: A uniform beam, 4 meters long and weighing 100 N, is supported at its center by a
pivot. A downward force of 50 N is applied 1 meter from one end of the beam. Calculate:
a) The upward force at the pivot. (3 marks)
b) The twisting effect (or turning force) of the 50 N force on the beam around the pivot. (3
marks)
Answer: a) The upward force at the pivot is 50 N.
b) The twisting effect of the 50 N force on the beam around the pivot is 150 Nm.
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calculations
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Certainly! Let's calculate the values:
a) To find the upward force at the pivot, we consider the beam in equilibrium. The sum of the
clockwise moments about the pivot must equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the
pivot.
Clockwise moment = Weight of beam × Distance from pivot = 100 N × 2 m (half the length of
the beam) = 200 Nm
Anticlockwise moment = Force at D × Distance from pivot = 50 N × 3 m (distance from pivot to
D) = 150 Nm
Since the beam is in equilibrium, the two moments are equal: 200 Nm = 150 Nm + Reaction
force at pivot × 4 m 50 Nm = Reaction force at pivot × 4 m Reaction force at pivot = 50 N
b) The twisting effect (or moment) of the 50 N force around the pivot is: Moment = Force ×
Distance = 50 N × 3 m = 150 Nm
Therefore, a) The upward force at the pivot is 50 N. b) The twisting effect of the 50 N force on
the beam around the pivot is 150 Nm.
Question: A student has a mixture of sand and iron filings. The total mass of the
mixture is 150g. The student separates the mixture using a magnet and finds that the
mass of the iron filings is 40g. Calculate the density of the sand if its volume is 80 cm³
and the density of iron is 7.87 g/cm³.
Answer:
1. Calculate the mass of the sand: Mass of sand = Total mass of mixture - Mass of iron
filings = 150g - 40g = 110g
2. Use the formula for density: Density = Mass / Volume
3. Calculate the density of the sand: Density of sand = Mass of sand / Volume of sand =
110g / 80 cm³ = 1.375 g/cm³
Therefore, the density of the sand in the mixture is 1.375 g/cm³.
Question: A student has a density bottle with a mass of 35g when empty. The density bottle has a
mass of 65g when completely filled with water. Determine the density of the material of the density
bottle. (Density of water = 1g/cm³)
Answer:
1. Calculate the mass of water in the density bottle: Mass of water = Mass when filled - Mass when
empty = 65g - 35g = 30g
2. Use the formula for density: Density = Mass / Volume
3. The volume of the water is equal to the volume of the density bottle, which is usually written on the
bottle. Assume the volume of the density bottle is 30 cm³.
4. Calculate the density of the material of the density bottle: Density = Mass / Volume = 35g / 30 cm³ =
1.17 g/cm³
Therefore, the density of the material of the density bottle is 1.17 g/cm³.
10 Marks Question:
a) The final velocity of the car after the acceleration phase can be calculated using the
formula:
�=�+��v=u+at
where:
�v is the final velocity
�u is the initial velocity (0 m/s, as the car starts from rest)
�a is the acceleration (2 m/s²)
�t is the time (5 seconds)
�=0+2×5=10 m/sv=0+2×5=10m/s
b) The total distance covered by the car can be calculated as the sum of the distances
covered during each phase:
Distance during acceleration phase: �1=12×2×52=25 ms1=21×2×52=25m
Distance during constant speed phase: �2=10 m/s×10 s=100
ms2=10m/s×10s=100m
Distance during deceleration phase: �3=12×(−1)×102=−50 ms3=21
×(−1)×102=−50m
Total distance: �total=�1+�2+�3=25 m+100 m−50 m=75 mstotal=s1+s2+s3
=25m+100m−50m=75m
c) The time taken for the car to come to a stop after the deceleration phase begins can
be calculated using the formula:
�=�+��v=u+at
where:
�v is the final velocity (0 m/s)
�u is the initial velocity (10 m/s, from the constant speed phase)
�a is the deceleration (-1 m/s², as it is in the opposite direction to the motion)
�t is the time
0=10−�0=10−t �=10 st=10s
8 Marks Question:
a) The maximum height reached by the stone can be calculated using the formula for
motion under gravity:
�2=�2+2��v2=u2+2as
where:
�v is the final velocity (0 m/s, at the highest point)
�u is the initial velocity (20 m/s, upwards)
�a is the acceleration due to gravity (-10 m/s², downwards)
�s is the displacement (height)
0=(20)2+2×(−10)×�0=(20)2+2×(−10)×s −400=−20�−400=−20s �=20
ms=20m
b) The time taken for the stone to reach the highest point can be calculated using the
formula:
�=�+��v=u+at
where:
�v is the final velocity (0 m/s)
�u is the initial velocity (20 m/s)
�a is the acceleration due to gravity (-10 m/s²)
�t is the time
0=20−10�0=20−10t �=2 st=2s
c) The total time the stone is in the air before hitting the ground is twice the time taken
to reach the highest point:
Total time = 2 × time to reach highest point = 2 × 2 = 4 s
FORM 2
Magnetism (8 Marks Question):
a) Define the term 'magnetic field'. (2 marks)
b) State two properties of magnets. (2 marks)
c) A bar magnet is suspended freely and aligns itself in the north-south direction.
Explain this observation. (4 marks)
Working:
a) Magnetic field is the region around a magnet where magnetic force is experienced.
b) Properties of magnets include:
They attract magnetic materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel.
They have two poles, north and south, which repel like poles and attract unlike poles.
c) The bar magnet aligns itself in the north-south direction due to the Earth's magnetic
field. The Earth acts as a huge magnet with its magnetic field lines running from north to
south. The north-seeking pole of the bar magnet is attracted to the Earth's magnetic
south pole, causing it to align in the north-south direction.
Moments of Force (7 Marks Question):
A uniform beam AB of length 6 m and weight 200 N is supported horizontally by a pivot
at point C, as shown in the diagram below. A force of 100 N is applied vertically
downwards at point D, 2 m from end A. Calculate:
a) The reaction force at the pivot C. (3 marks)
b) The moment of the 100 N force about point B. (4 marks)
Working:
a) Calculate the moment of the beam's weight about point C and equate it to the
moment of the 100 N force about point C: Moment due to weight = Weight of beam ×
Distance from C = 200 N × 3 m = 600 Nm
Moment due to 100 N force = 100 N × 4 m = 400 Nm
Reaction force at C = Weight of beam + 100 N - Reaction force at C 600 N = 200 N +
100 N - Reaction force at C Reaction force at C = 300 N
b) The moment of the 100 N force about point B is simply: Moment = Force × Distance
= 100 N × 4 m = 400 Nm
