‫ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ 1

CHAPTER ONE
(( Implied Words ))
In English, as well as many other languages, according to the grammatical constructions, there may be some
implied words in a sentence that are understood but not stated. Therefore, in translating a text into English from
another language, such as Arabic or Persian, some words in certain structures are left implied and not expressed.
 Example:
.‫ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ و ﺣﻜﻴﻢ را ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ ﻗﺪوس‬،‫ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ در آﺳﻤﺎنﻫﺎ و ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ در زﻣﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺧﺪاي ﻣﻠﻚ‬
All that is in the heavens and the earth magnifies God, the King, the All-holy, the All-mighty, the All- wise.
According to grammatical constructions, in order to avoid repetition, “all that is in” is left implied before “the
earth” in the English translation.
Redundant Word

Redundant word in a translation is that which can be omitted without distortion of the meaning or omission of any
information from that which is in the original. Example:
:‫ اي ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻤﺎن دارﻳﺪ‬
a. O true believers!
b. O you who truly believe!
The words “true” and “truly” are redundant in the two English translations.
Ellipsis

the omission of a word or words from a sentence when the meaning can be understood without it/them.
Example: 1. “if possible” for “if it is possible”
2. “the path straight” for “the path which is straight”
A. Qur’anic Verses and Imam Ali’s Instruction to Malik al-Ashtar
‫ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺪاي رﺣﻤﺎن و رﺣﻴﻢ‬
In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
.(‫ )ﻛﻪ( ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎر )ﻫﻤﻪ( ﻋﺎﻟﻢﻫﺎ )ﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﺣﻤﺪ از آن اﷲ اﺳﺖ‬
Praise belongs to God, the Lord of all Being,
،(‫ رﺣﻤﺎن و رﺣﻴﻢ )اﺳﺖ‬
The All-merciful, the All-compassionate,
.(‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ روز داوري )اﺳﺖ‬
The Master of the Day of Doom.
.‫ و )ﺗﻨﻬﺎ( از ﺗﻮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﺧﻮاﻫﻴﻢ‬،‫ )ﺗﻨﻬﺎ( ﺗﻮ را ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺳﺘﻴﻢ‬
Thee only we serve; to thee alone we pray for succor.
 2 ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ Chapter One: Implied Words

،‫ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﻪ راه راﺳﺖ ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ ﻛﻦ‬

Guide us in the straight path,

.‫ ﻧﻪ )راه( ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻏﻀﺐ )ﺗﻮ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ و ﻧﻪ )راه( ﮔﻤﺮاﻫﺎن‬،‫ راه ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻧﺎن ﻧﻌﻤﺖ دادهاي‬
the path of those whom Thou hast blessed, not of those against whom Thou art wrathful, nor of those who are astray.
،‫ آنﮔﺎه ﻛﻪ وي را ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪاري ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﻛﺮد‬،‫ ﺑﻪ آن دﺳﺘﻮر داد‬،‫ در ﻓﺮﻣﺎن ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ او‬،‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﺷﺘﺮ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﺣﺎرث را‬،‫ اﻣﻴﺮﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎن‬،‫ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ آنﭼﻪ ﺑﻨﺪه ﺧﺪا ﻋﻠﻲ‬
This is that with which ‘Ali, the servant of God and Commander of the Faithful, charged Malik ibn al-Harith al-
Ashtar in his instructions to him when he appointed him governor of Egypt,
.‫ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻼح )ﺣﺎل( ﻣﺮدم آن ﺑﭙﺮدازد و ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي آن را آﺑﺎد ﺳﺎزد‬،‫ ﺑﺎ دﺷﻤﻦ آن ﺑﺠﻨﮕﺪ‬،‫ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮاج آن را ﮔﺮد آورد‬
to collect its land tax, to war against its enemies, to improve the condition of the people and to engender prosperity
in its regions.
،‫ از ﻓﺮاﺋﺾ و ﺳﻨﻦ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ دﺳﺘﻮر داده اﺳﺖ‬،‫ ﻃﺎﻋﺖ او را )ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎرﻫﺎي دﻳﮕﺮ( ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ دﻫﺪ و ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻛﻨﺪ از آنﭼﻪ او در ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﻮد‬،‫ او را دﺳﺘﻮر داد ﻛﻪ از ﺧﺪا ﭘﺮوا ﻛﻨﺪ‬
He charged him to fear God, to prefer obedience to Him (over all else) and to follow what He has directed in His
Book-both the acts He has made obligatory and those He recommends-
.‫ و ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺲ ﺑﺪﺑﺨﺖ )ﺷﻘﻲ( ﻧﮕﺮدد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻧﻜﺎر آنﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ از آنﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺲ ﺳﻌﺎدﺗﻤﻨﺪ )رﺳﺘﮕﺎر( ﻧﺸﻮد ﻣﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺮوي از آنﻫﺎ‬
for none attains felicity but he who follows His directions, and none is overcome by wretchedness but he who
denies them and lets them slip by.
‫ و )او را دﺳﺘﻮر داد ﻛﻪ( ﺧﺪاي ﺳﺒﺤﺎن را ﺑﺎ دل و دﺳﺖ و زﺑﺎن ﺧﻮد ﻳﺎري ﻛﻨﺪ؛ زﻳﺮا ﺧﺪا ـ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰرگ اﺳﺖ ﻧﺎم او ـ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎري ﻛﻨﻨﺪه‬
.‫ﺧﻮد را ﻳﺎري ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻋﺰﻳﺰ دارﻧﺪه ﺧﻮد را ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﮔﺮداﻧﺪ‬
(He charged him) to help God-glory be to Him-with his heart, his hand and his tongue, for He-majestic is His
Name-has promised to help (him who helps Him and exalt) him who exalts Him.
.‫ ﻣﮕﺮ آنﻛﻪ ﺧﺪا رﺣﻢ ﻛﻨﺪ‬،‫ و او را دﺳﺘﻮر داد ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻮد را از ﺷﻬﻮات رام ﺳﺎزد و آن را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺎز دارد؛ زﻳﺮا ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪي وا ﻣﻲدارد‬
and ordered to him to break the passions of his souland restrain in its recalcitrance, for soul makes bad unless God
has mercy.
B. Bustan and Gulistan of Sa’di
‫ﺣﻜــــﻴﻢ ﺳــــﺨﻦ در زﺑــــﺎن آﻓــــﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ ﺑـــﻪ ﻧـــﺎم ﺧﺪاوﻧـــﺪ ﺟـــﺎن آﻓـــﺮﻳﻦ‬
1. In the name of the Lord life-creating
The Wise One speech-creating within the tongue!

2. In the name of Lord, soul creating!

Wise One, speech creating in the tongue!

‫ﻛــــﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﻄــــﺎﺑﺨﺶ ﭘــــﻮزشﭘــــﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ ﺧﺪاوﻧــــﺪ ﺑﺨﺸــــﻨﺪهي دﺳــــﺘﮕﻴﺮ‬

1. The lord, the giver, hand-seizing
Merciful, sin-forgiving, excuse-accepting

2. Lord forgiving, apt to help

Generous, fault-forgiving, excuse-accepting

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫـﺮ در ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﻫـﻴﭻ ﻋـﺰت ﻧﻴﺎﻓـﺖ‬ ‫ ﻋﺰﻳﺰي ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻛﺲ ز درش ﺳﺮ ﺑﺘﺎﻓـﺖ‬
1. A King such that whosoever turned away his head from His door
Found not any respect at the doors to which he went

2. Glorious One! Whoever turns from His door his head

To whatever door he goes, he finds no glory
‫ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ 3

‫ﺑــــﻪ در ﮔــــﺎه او ﺑــــﺮ زﻣــــﻴﻦ ﻧﻴــــﺎز‬ ‫ ﺳــــــﺮ ﭘﺎدﺷــــــﺎﻫﺎن ﮔﺮدﻧﻔــــــﺮاز‬

1. The heads of kings, neck-exalting,
(Are), at His court, on the ground of supplication

2. The heads of neck-lifting princes

In His court, are on the floor of supplication

‫ﻧـــﻪ ﻋـــﺬر آوران را ﺑﺮاﻧـــﺪ ﺑـــﻪ ﺟـــﻮر‬ ‫ ﻧـــﻪ ﮔﺮدﻧﻜﺸـــﺎن را ﺑﮕﻴـــﺮد ﺑﻔـــﻮر‬
1. He does not instantly seize the forward
He does not drive away, with violence, those excuse-bringing

2. Neither the rebellious does He summarily seize

Nor the apologetic drives He harshly hence

‫ﭼـــﻮ ﺑﺎزآﻣـــﺪي ﻣـــﺎﺟﺮا در ﻧﻮﺷـــﺖ‬ ‫ و ﮔــﺮ ﺧﺸــﻢ ﮔﻴــﺮد ز ﻛــﺮدار زﺷــﺖ‬

1. And, though He becomes angry at bad conduct
When though didst return, He cancelled the past circumstance (in the book of sins).

2. Does He wax wroth at ugly deeds?

If you relent, He crosses out what’s gone

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﻮان ﻳﻐﻤﺎ ﭼﻪ دﺷﻤﻦ ﭼﻪ دوﺳـﺖ‬ ‫ ادﻳــﻢ زﻣــﻴﻦ ﺳــﻔﺮهي ﻋــﺎم اوﺳــﺖ‬
1. The embroidered leather surface of the earth is His common table;
At this open table, whether enemy (infidel), or friend (the faithful) - what matter?

2. The hide of earth, His open banquet-cloth:

At such a free-for-all, enemies and friends are one

‫ﻛــﻪ از دﺳــﺖ ﻗﻬــﺮش اﻣــﺎن ﻳــﺎﻓﺘﻲ؟‬ ‫ اﮔــﺮ ﺑــﺮ ﺟﻔــﺎ ﭘﻴﺸــﮕﺎن ﺑﺸــﺘﺎﻓﺘﻲ‬
1. And if he had hastened against one tyranny-practicing
Who would have obtained safety from the hand of His violence?

2. But if he were to rush against one practicing injustice,

How should he find quarter from his overpowering hand?

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻠﻜـﺶ ﻗـﺪﻳﻢ اﺳـﺖ و ذاﺗـﺶ ﻏﻨـﻲ‬ ‫ ﻣــــﺮ او را رﺳــــﺪ ﻛﺒﺮﻳــــﺎ و ﻣﻨــــﻲ‬
1. Grandeur and egotism are proper for him
Whose kingdom is ancient, and nature independent

2. His are rightly pride and egoism

For his dominion’s ancient, his essence self-sufficient

‫ﮔﺮوﻫـــﻲ ﺑـــﺮ آﺗـــﺶ ﺑـــﺮد ز آب ﻧﻴـــﻞ‬ ‫ ﮔﻠﺴـــﺘﺎن ﻛﻨـــﺪ آﺗﺸـــﻲ ﺑـــﺮ ﺧﻠﻴـــﻞ‬
1. He makes a fire, a rose garden, for Ibrahim
He takes a crowd, from the waters of the Nil to the fire (of Hell)

2. A rose-garden He makes of the fire for His Friend,

But some He carries to the Fire from Nile waters
 4 ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ Chapter One: Implied Words

.‫ ﻣﻨﺖ ﺧﺪاي را ﻋﺰوﺟﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﺶ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻗﺮﺑﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺮ اﻧﺪرش ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻧﻌﻤﺖ‬
Laudation to the God of majesty and glory! Obedience to him is a cause of approach and gratitude in increase of
benefits.
.‫ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮو ﻣﻲرود ﻣﻤﺪ ﺣﻴﺎت اﺳﺖ و ﭼﻮن ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲآﻳﺪ ﻣﻔﺮح ذات؛ ﭘﺲ در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ دو ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺷﻜﺮي واﺟﺐ‬
Every inhalation of the breath prolongs life and every expiration of it gladdens our nature; wherefore every breath
confers two benefits and for every benefit gratitude is due.
‫ﻛــﺰ ﻋﻬـــﺪهي ﺷـــﻜﺮش ﺑــﻪ در آﻳـــﺪ؟‬ ‫ از دﺳــــﺖ و زﺑــــﺎن ﻛــــﻪ ﺑﺮآﻳــــﺪ‬
Whose hand and tongue is capable to fulfill the obligations of thanks to him?
‫ اﻟﺸﻜُﻮر‬‫ي‬‫ﺒﺎد‬‫ﻦ ﻋ‬‫ ﻗﻠﻴﻞٌ ﻣ‬‫ ﺷُﻜﺮاً و‬‫ﻠﻮ آلَ داود‬‫اﻋﻤ‬
Words of the most high: be thankful, O family of David, and but few of my servants are thankful.
‫ﻋــــﺬر ﺑــــﻪ درﮔــــﺎه ﺧــــﺪاي آورد‬ ‫ ﺑﻨﺪه ﻫﻤﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ز ﺗﻘﺼـﻴﺮ ﺧـﻮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛـــﺲ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧـــﺪ ﻛـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪ ﺟـــﺎي آورد‬ ‫ ورﻧـــــﻪ ﺳـــــﺰاوار ﺧﺪاوﻧـــــﺪﻳﺶ‬
It is best to a worshipper for his transgressions
To offer apologies at the throne of God
Although what is worthy of His dignity
No one is able to accomplish
‫ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ 5

PROGRESS CHECK

‫ ﻋﺒﺎرتﻫﺎ و ﺑﻴﺖﻫﺎي زﻳﺮ ﻛﺪام اﺳﺖ؟‬،‫* ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻠﻪﻫﺎ‬

 1- Ingratitude for the benefits of God is against justice. (82 ‫)ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي‬

.‫( ﻧﺎﺳﭙﺎﺳﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺪا ﺧﻼف اﻧﺼﺎف اﺳﺖ‬2 .‫( ﻧﺎﺷﻜﺮي ﺑﺮاي آنﭼﻪ ﺧﺪا آﻓﺮﻳﺪه ﺑﻲاﻧﺼﺎﻓﻲ اﺳﺖ‬1
.‫( ﻗﺪرﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ و ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﻴﺎ او ﺑﺮﺧﻼف اﻧﺼﺎف اﺳﺖ‬4 .‫( ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه اﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎي آنﭼﻪ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ آﻓﺮﻳﺪه دور از اﻧﺼﺎف اﺳﺖ‬3

(82 ‫)ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي‬ ‫ـ ﻛﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ از ﻋﻬﺪهي ﺷﻜﺮ ﻫﻤﻪي ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺪ ﺑﺮآﻳﺪ؟‬2 

1) Who can perform thanks for all the graces of God?
2) Who is he that will be grateful for so many bestowals of God?
3) Who is there that can show all the gratitudes for the blessings of Allah?
4) Who is he that can fulfil the obligations of thanks for all the benefits of God?
(82 ‫)ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي‬ .‫ـ ﺧﺪاﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ روز داوري اﺳﺖ‬3 
1) It is God Who is the Master of the Day of Judgement.
2) Allah is He Who is the Possessor of the Day of Assembling.
3) God is He who is the Lord of the Day of Resurrection.
4) It is Allah Who is the Owner of the day of congregation.
(83 ‫)آزاد‬ .‫ـ ﻫﻴﭻﻛﺲ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻋﻬﺪه ﺷﻜﺮ ﻫﻤﻪي ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺪا ﺑﺮآﻳﺪ‬4 
1) No one is able to perform thanks for so many favours of God.
2) No one can be grateful for so many blessings of Allah.
3) No one can fulfil the obligations of thanks for all the benefits of God.
4) No one is able to thank Allah for His blessings.
 5- What are the two English words corresponding to both «‫ »رﺣﻤﺎن‬and «‫? »رﺣﻴﻢ‬ (84 ‫)ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي‬
1) Compassionate, Merciful 2) Gracious, Munificent
3) Mercy-giving, Clement 4) Most Gracious, Most beneficent
(84 ‫)آزاد‬ .‫ـ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ آن ﻓﺮو ﻧﺸﺎن‬6 
1) Re-strain thy soul when it is rebellious. 2) Forbid your soul from rebellion.
3) Let thy soul be kept back when it violates. 4) Restrain thy soul in its recalcitrance.
 7- “Expansions” and “reductions” are considered as ……… in translation. (84 ‫)آزاد‬
1) adaptations 2) semantic adjustments 3) structural adjustments 4) interpretations
(90 ‫)ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي‬ .‫ـ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪاﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻮد را از ﺷﻬﻮات رام ﺳﺎزد و آن را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎز دارد‬8 
1) Ali, salutation to him, ordered Mälik to tame h is lower self from desires and restrict it when it is headstong.
2) Ali, on him be peace, advised Mälik to subjugate the caprices of his lust and control it when it has
obduracies.
3) Ali, peace be upon him, charge Mälik to break the passions of his soul and restrain it in its recalcitrance.
4) Ali, upon whom be peace, recommended Mälik to calm the appetites of his soul and keep it back from
obstinacies.
(90 ‫)ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي‬ .‫ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﺷﺘﺮ را ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪاري ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﻛﺮد‬،‫ اﻣﻴﺮﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎن‬،‫ـ ﻋﻠﻲ‬9 
1) Ali, the Ruler of the believers, appointed Mälik al-Ashtar as the commander of Egypt.
2) Ali, Commander of the Faithful, appointed Mälik al-Ashtar governor of Egypt.
3) Ali, the Governor of the Faithful, charged Mälik al-Ashtar with ruling over the Egyptian people.
4) Ali, Master of the believing people, put Mälik al-Ashtar in the position of Egyptian governmen.
 ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪Chapter One: Implied Words‬‬

‫‪ANSWERS‬‬
‫‪1‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«2‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ‪ benefits of God‬در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ »ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺪا« ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻛﻞ آﻓﺮﻳﺪهﻫﺎي ﺧﺪا ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ingratitude (2‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﻧﺎﺳﭙﺎﺳﻲ و ﻧﺎﺷﻜﺮي«‪ benefits of God ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺪا«‪ against ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨـﺎي »ﺿـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨـﺎﻟﻒ« و ‪ justice‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »داد‪ ،‬ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ و اﻧﺼﺎف« اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻫﻤﺎنﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪ‪ ingratitude ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﻧﺎﺳﭙﺎﺳﻲ و ﻧﺎﺷﻜﺮي«‪ ،‬اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻪ ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه اﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻦ‪ .‬واژه ‪ benefits‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﻧﻌﻤﺖ« اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻪ ﻣﺰاﻳـﺎ و‬
‫ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﺒﺎرت »آنﭼﻪ ﺧﺪا آﻓﺮﻳﺪه« ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ benefits of God (4‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﺪا« ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ »ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ و ﻧﻌﻤﺖﻫﺎي او« ﻓﺮق دارد‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«4‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻋﺒﺎرت »ﻛﻴﺴﺖ« ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ who is he‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﻪ ‪ .who‬زﻳﺮا در اﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و اﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ واژه ‪ who‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »از ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن« ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺎرت »ﻛﻴﺴﺖ« ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ who is he‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﻮد و ﻧﻪ ‪ .who is there‬ﻋﺒﺎرت »از ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن« ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدلﻫﺎي ﺑﺪرﺳﺘﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«1‬‬

‫‪ master (1‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﺻﺎﺣﺐ« و ‪ day of Judgemnet‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »روز ﺟﺰا‪ ،‬روز داوري« اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Day of Assembling (2‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »روز ﺟﻤﻌﻪ« اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ روز داوري‪.‬‬
‫‪ Day of Resurrection (3‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »روز رﺳﺘﺎﺧﻴﺰ« اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ روز داوري‪.‬‬
‫‪ Lord‬ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »ﭘﺮوردﮔﺎر« اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Day of Congregation (4‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي »روز ﺟﻤﻌﻪ« اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ روز داوري‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«3‬‬

‫‪» (1‬از ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن« از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻨﺸﻴﻨﻲ واژﮔﺎن ‪ perform‬و ‪ thanks‬ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪» (2‬از ﻋﻬﺪه ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن« از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ fulfill (3‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺑﺮآوردن‪ ،‬اﻧﺠﺎم دادن«‪ benefit ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﻧﻌﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻫﺒﺖ«‪ obligation ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »اﻟﺘﺰام‪ ،‬وﻇﻴﻔﻪ« ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ‪ His‬از ‪ Allah‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲﻛﺮد و واژه ‪ Allah‬اوﻟﻲ را ﺣﺬف ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪ «1‬در ﻛﺘﺎب ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻮن اﺳﻼﻣﻲ )‪ (1‬ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ دﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻻر ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻲ اﻧﺎري در ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ‪ ،8‬ﻣﻌـﺎدل رﺣﻤـﺎن و رﺣـﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ‪the‬‬
‫‪ Compassionate‬و ‪ the Merciful‬در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬از آنﺟﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﻳﻦ دو ﻧﺎم ﻣﺒﺎرك ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻧﻈـﺮ وﺟـﻮد دارد‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ‪ 1‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﻳﻦ دو ﻧﺎم ﻣﺒﺎرك رﺣﻤﺎن و رﺣﻴﻢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎن ﻣﺤﺘﺮم ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ »ﺑﺎ« از ﺣﺮوف ﺟﺎره در ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ ارﺗﺒﺎط آنﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ واو ﻋﻄﻒ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﻜﺮده و ﺻﻔﺖ و‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮف ﺧﻮاﻧﺪهاﻧﺪ‪ ،‬وﻟﻲ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ﻛﺎﻣﺎ در ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫رﺣﻤﺎن از ﻧﺎمﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق ﻧﻴﻜﻮي ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﻖ از رﺣﻤﺖ اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ از رﺣﻤﺖﻫﺎي اﻟﻬﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻳﺎد ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ دﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤـﺖ‬
‫داﻧﺶ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺑﺎران‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ رزق و روزي‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻫﻮا و‪ ...‬ﭘﺲ رﺣﻤﺎن ﺑﺎﻳﺪ »ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪه« ﻣﻌﻨﻲ و ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﻮد ﻧﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪه‪ ،‬زﻳﺮا در اﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﺮت ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻖ اﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﺸﺪه‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﻫﻢ از ﻗﻠﻢ اﻓﺘﺎده اﺳﺖ واﻧﮕﻬﻲ وﻫﺎب و اﻛﺮم ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪهاﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫رﺣﻴﻢ ﻟﺰوﻣﺎً و آنﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ در ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﻫﺎ آﻣﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﺮﺑﺎن ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ و ﻓﺎﺳﻖ و ﺳـﺘﻤﻜﺎر رﺣـﻢ دارد ﻧـﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﺑـﺎﻧﻲ و ﺧﺪاوﻧـﺪ رﺣـﻢ را ﺑـﺮ ذات‬
‫اﻗﺪس ﺧﻮد واﺟﺐ ﻓﺮﻣﻮده اﺳﺖ )اﻧﻌﺎم‪ (45:‬اﻳﻦ آﻳﺎت )اﻋﺮاف‪ ،23 :‬ﻫﻮد‪ 47 :‬و ﻧﻤﻞ‪) 46 :‬ﻫﻤﻪ از ﺗﺮﺣﻢ ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻧﺴﺎن ﮔﻨﺎﻫﻜـﺎر‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻫـﻞ و ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻬﻞاﻧﮕـﺎر در‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮدﻳﺖ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ دارﻧﺪ و ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ رﺣﻴﻢ ‪ 91‬ﺑﺎر در ﻗﺮآن ﻣﺠﻴﺪ در ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ »ﻏﻔﻮر« ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﭘﺲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎم ﻓﻮق ﻧﻴﻜﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ رﺣﻢ ﮔﺴـﺘﺮي‬
‫ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ در ﻛﻨﺎر رﺣﻤﺎن ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎً« ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪه رﺣﻢ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ« ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﺎم اﻗﺪس اﷲ در آﻳﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺳﺎن ﺷﺮﻳﻒ رﺗﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪6‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«4‬‬

‫‪ strain (1‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »از ﺣﺪ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮ رﻓﺘﻦ« اﺳﺖ و ‪ re‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺠﺪد اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮوﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪن ﺗﻔﺎوت دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ from (2‬ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي »ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم« ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ violate (3‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺗﺨﻄﻲ ﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺾ ﻛﺮدن« اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ restrain (4‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﺮدن«‪ recalcitrance ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ و ﻧﺎﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻲ« اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪ «2‬در زﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺗﻲ درﺑﺎره ‪ semantic adjustments‬آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪In the process of transfer in translating, the translator must preserve the content of the message at any cost, because‬‬
‫‪it is the meaning which is of prime importance. Therefore, a translator may often be obliged to transform the form‬‬
‫‪in order to preserve the content, though it will be much better if one can convey the same meaning in the target‬‬
‫‪language in a form resembling that of the source language. Nida, E.A. and C.R. Taber (1969) say that in any‬‬
‫‪translation there will be a type of loss of semantic content, but the process should be so designed as to keep this to a‬‬
‫‪minimum. Semantic adjustments are made mostly in the areas like idioms, figurative meanings, generic and‬‬
‫‪specific meanings, pleonastic expressions, expansions, reductions, etc. Examples:‬‬
‫)‪The unbelievers (reduction‬‬ ‫آﻧﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪One who fears Allah (expansion‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻫﻴﺰﻛﺎر‬

‫‪8‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«3‬‬

‫‪» (1‬ﺷﻬﻮات« در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Subjugate (2‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﻣﺴﻠﻂ ﺷﺪن‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻳﻖ« آﻣﺪن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ رام ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت دارد‪ Lust .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺷﻬﻮات« اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ peace be upon him (3‬ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻠﻴﻪاﻟﺴﻼم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎر ﻣـﻲرود‪ Break .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ »رام ﻛـﺮدن‪ ،‬اﻫﻠـﻲ ﻛـﺮدن«‪ Passion ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ‬
‫»ﺷﻬﻮت«‪ restrain ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎر ﻛﺮدن« و ‪ Recalcitrance‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻛﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻪ ﺷﻘﻲ« ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ appetite (4‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »اﺷﺘﻬﺎ و ﻣﻴﻞ« اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺷﻬﻮت« ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ در ﺑﺮﻧﺪارد‪ .‬ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺟﻤﻠﻪي ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻗﺒـﻞ از واژه ‪ Obstinacies‬از ﺿـﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﻲ ‪ its‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪9‬ـ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ »‪«2‬‬

‫‪ ruler (1‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺣﺎﻛﻢ« اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻪ اﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﺳﺮور‪ ،‬اﻣﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه«‪ .‬ﺑﺮاي »ﻓﺮاﻣﺎﻧﺪار« واژﮔﺎن ‪ ruler‬و ‪ governor‬ﻣﻌﺎدلﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ commander (2‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ارﺷﺪ«‪ the faithful ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﻣﻮﻣﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻳﻦ«‪ appoint ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﻛﺮدن‪ ،‬ﮔﻤﺎﺷﺘﻦ«‪ governor ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫»ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪار‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻛﻢ« ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ Egyptian people‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ »ﻣﺮدم ﻣﺼﺮ« اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ واژهي »ﻣﺮدم« در ﺟﻤﻠﻪي ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ذﻛﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دوم ﺟﻤﻠﻪ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﺮد »ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﺷﺘﺮ را در ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮب ﻛﺮد« ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪي ﺻﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬