Aircraft Engine Construction - Ideal ramjet engine
Elaborated by Robert JAKUBOWSKI PhD, Rzeszow University of Technology
Table of Contents
IDEAL RAMJET ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
RAMJET SINGLE POINT WORK ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................1
PERFORMANCE OF IDEAL RAMJET................................................................................................................. 7
FUNCTIONS....................................................................................................................................................... 11
IDEAL RAMJET
Ramjet engine scheme and assumed cutsection index are presented in the figure below
Fig. Rumjest engine
RAMJET SINGLE POINT WORK ANALYSIS
Given
T0=217 K, P0=22 kPa, M0=1.5, Tt4=1500 K, air mass flow m=20 kg/s
Gas parameters:
Air: k=1.4; cp=1005 J/kg/K, R=287 J/kg/K,
Fumes in turbine and nozzle kt=1.33, cpt=1170 J/kg/K, Rt=290 J/kg/K,
For combustion in combustor cpB=1200 J/kg/K,
Fuel heat value: FHV=43 MJ/kg
Flight Mach No
M0 = 1.5000
Air Mass flow [kg/s]
1
m0 = 20
Turbine inlet temperature [K]
Tt4 = 1500
Ambient conditions
Static temperature [K]
T0 = 217
Static pressure [Pa]
P0 = 22000
Section 0
Total temperature [K]
Tt0 = 314.6500
Total pressure [Pa]
Pt0 = 8.0763e+04
Speed of sound [m/s]
a0 = 295.2805
Flight speed [m/s]
V0 = 442.9208
Section 1 Engine inlet
Total temperature [K]
Tt1 = 314.6500
Total pressure [Pa]
Pt1 = 8.0763e+04
2
Section 3 - Compressor outlet / Burner inlet
Total temperature [K]
Tt3 = 314.6500
Total pressure [Pa]
Pt3 = 8.0763e+04
Section 4 Burner outlet
Total temperature [K]
Tt4 = 1500
Total pressure [Pa]
Pt4 = 8.0763e+04
BURNER
Fuel-air ratio
fB = 0.0331
Fuel mass flow [kg/s]
mfB = 0.6616
Section 9 Engine Nozzle outlet
Total temperature [K]
Tt9 = 1500
Total pressure [Pa]
Pt9 = 8.0763e+04
Static pressure [Pa]
3
P9 = 22000
Static temperature [K]
T9 = 1.0863e+03
Jet stream Mach No
M9 = 1.5192
Speed of sound [m/s]
a9 = 647.2958
Jet speed [m/s]
V9 = 983.3714
TURBOJET ENGINE PERFORMANCE CALCULATION
Thrust [N]
T = 1.1460e+04
Specific thrust [Ns/kg]
ST = 572.9801
Specific fuel consumption [kg/N/s]
SFC = 5.7732e-05
Specific fuel consumption [kg/N/h]
SFC = 0.2078
4
Thermal efficiency
etha_th = 0.2822
Propulsive efficiency
etha_p = 0.6322
Overall efficiency
etha_o = 0.1784
VISUALIZATION of SINGLE POINT CALCULATION RESULTS
Temperature, pressure vs engine cutsections plot
5
CONCLUSIONS
• Pressure increases in inlet - ram efect (from sataic to total due to flight speed)
• Pressure decrease in propelling nozzle (from total to static - jet speed is produecd)
• Tepearture increase in inlet and combustor
• Temparture decrease in propeling nozzle
Tabela = 8×3 table
Parameter Unit Value
1 'Thrust' 'kN' 11.4596
2 'Specific Thrust' 'N*s/kg' 572.9801
3 'V9' 'm/s' 983.3714
4 'Fuel consumption' 'kg/s' 0.6616
5 'Specific fuel consump' 'kg/N/h' 0.2078
6 'therm. efficiency' '-' 0.2822
7 'prop. efficiency' '-' 0.6322
8 'overall efficiency' '-' 0.1784
Temperature - entropy plot
Combuctor entropy growth
6
deltaS = 1.8741e+03
CONCLUSIONS
• Ram compression (in the inlet) is isentropic as decompression in the propelling nozzle. The entropy grow
is observed in combustion process only
PERFORMANCE OF IDEAL RAMJET
Example of the ideal ramjet calculation for flight speed from 0 to 3 for different Tt4;
Given
T0=217 K, P0=22 kPa, air mass flow m=20 kg/s
Calculation is done in the loop for M0=[0:0.1:5] first for Tt4=1000K and next for Tt4-1200k and Tt4=1500 K
7
Ramjet engine thrust increases to its maximum with flight speed and then decreases. For higher Tt4 thrust
is higher and reaches its maximum value for higher flight speed. Specific thrust vs flight speed relation looks
similar.
8
The fuel to air ratio goes down with flight speed. Additionally it is lower for the lower Tt4. The range of flight
speed applicability is lower when Tt4 is lower (the end of range when f reaches 0)
9
10
Figure: Ramjet efficiency - dashed line - thermal efficiency; dashed-dot line - propulsive efficiency; continous
line - overal efficiency
All ramjet efficiencies incease with flight speed.
FUNCTIONS
11
