國立臺灣科技大學

Department of Civil and Construction Engineering

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

SURVEY FORM
Dear
Mr./Mrs. Experts and Practitioners in Bridge Infrastructure Restoration and Maintenance
The Perspective of Advanced Bridge Inspection: Influential Factors Using in Indonesia

I am Muhammad Nabil Asrar, currently pursuing a Ph.D. in the Department of Civil and
Construction Engineering, specializing in the Construction Management Research Field
at the Project Intelligence Management Laboratory (PiM), National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology.

This study focuses on the inspection of bridge deterioration due to significant limitations
identified in current practices, challenges, inspection needs, and cost estimation desired
by engineers. Despite various research products proposed to address these challenges,
the field has experienced only limited changes. Respondents for this research include
professionals and academics in the multidisciplinary field of Civil Engineering, such as
Infrastructure Asset Management, Construction Project Management, Geotechnical
Engineering, Structural Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Material
Engineering, and Sedimentation Hydrology, who are involved in the Inspection and
maintenance and upkeep of bridge infrastructure. If you meet the criteria for these
respondents, I kindly ask you to spare approximately 12 - 15 minutes to participate in this
survey. Your input will improve cost estimation practices for the maintenance and upkeep of
bridge infrastructure in Indonesia. Information gathered from interviews and surveys will be
treated confidentially and used solely for research.

Researchers / PhD Candidate Supervisor

Muhammad Nabil Asrar Professor Jui Shen Chou, Ph.D., P.E.

If you need additional information about this research, please feel free to contact Muhammad
Nabil Asrar by at phone number: +628115808613 or email address:
[email protected], or [email protected]. Finally, I would like
to thank you for your attention and participation

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 A. RESPONDENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Name
2. Name of Institution (where relevant) :
3. Office address :
4. Personal contact (where relevant)
 Telp / Mobile :
 Email :
5. Position (where relevant) □ Director □ General Manager □ Division Manager
□ Staff □ Other (please specify) ________________

6. Work Experience (where relevant) : □ < 5 years □ 5-10 years □ 11-15 years
□16 – 20 years □ >20 years

7. Education: : □ Doctorate/PhD □ Masters □ Bachelor

□ Diploma □ Other (please specify) _____________
8. Type of education : □ Engineering □ NonEngineering

9. Infrastructure bridge project area being : □≤1 Miliar □1 Miliar – 5 Miliar □5 Miliar –
handled (IDR) 20 Miliar □20 Miliar – 100 Miliar □ ≥100 Miliar
10. Infrastructure bridge project area being : □ Jawa (City: ____________________)
handled □ Sumatera (City: ____________________)
□ Kalimantan (City: ____________________)
□ Sulawesi (City: ____________________)
□ Irian Jaya (City: ____________________)
□ Other (City:___________________)
11. Your level of involvement in the : □ < 1-2 Projects □ 3-4 Projects □ 5-6 Projects
bridge infrastructure project □ 7-8 Projects □ 9-10 Project □ > 10 Projects
Please kindly provide the following information for analysis purposes. We assure you that the
information provided will be kept confidential.

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 B. Introduction “The Perspective of Advanced Bridge Inspection: Influential Factors Using ICT in Indonesia”

This research explores the utilization of new technologies in bridge inspection and maintenance, with a focus on structural health and large-
scale bridge infrastructure. It emphasizes the importance of these functionalities in supporting structural health and prioritizing bridge
rehabilitation, maintenance, and repair. Three influencing factors—ICT—were identified in practical bridge inspections in Indonesia. Based on a
literature review focused on bridge inspection and maintenance topics, the categorization of ICT usage in bridge inspection reveals the utilization
of 19 ICTs, as presented in the following table.

Main
Key Factors Definition
Stakeholders

Bridge inspection utilizing information entails leveraging various sources of information and Government agencies, engineering
Information knowledge, such as gathering technical specifications, sensor data, inspection reports, and firms, transportation authorities,
maintenance records. This is done to ensure the safety and structural integrity of the bridge, as regulatory bodies, contractors, and
well as for health monitoring purposes construction companies

Bridge inspection utilizing communication entails integrating diverse communication Government agencies, engineering
Communicatio
technologies and strategies into the inspection process to ensure structural integrity, safety, and firms, transportation authorities,
n maintenance requirements are met. This includes the use of mobile devices, video technology, and regulatory bodies, contractors, and
real-time remote sensing technology for documentation for support inspection and maintenance construction companies

Government agencies, engineering

Bridge inspection using technology entails the utilization of advanced equipment such as drones,
firms, transportation authorities,
Technology sensors, imaging devices, and data analysis software to assess the condition, identify safety
regulatory bodies, contractors, and
defects, and monitor the health of bridges
construction companies

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 Category Key Factors Description
1. Information 1.1. Building Information Modelling BIM software in bridge infrastructure enables the modeling, analysis, and
(BIM) provision of integrated information on data related to bridge inspection,
evaluation, and management by capturing information on the type and severity
of damage to bridge components.
1.2. Bridge Maintenance System BMS provides information on damages, covering maintenance, repair,
(BMS) rehabilitation, and management, while also furnishing safety and maintenance
evaluation results for bridges.
1.3. Structural Health Monitoring in bridge inspection is designed to assess the structural health condition
(SHM) through real-time modeling, measurement, and analysis for bridge
maintenance, rehabilitation, and assessment.
1.4. Fine Element Modelling (FEM) FEM can verify models, analyze structural behavior, assess health conditions,
and optimize designs to ensure safety and reliability in bridge inspection
practices.
1.5. Geographic Information Systems GIS in infrastructure management planning systems collects and analyzes
(GIS) geographic information, integrating database management with applications to
support bridge inspections.

1.6. 3D Reconstruction 3D reconstruction for bridge inspection can improve reconstruction accuracy,
offer repetitive information, reconstruct images, and provide resolution for
sufficient accuracy in reconstruction.
2. Communication 2.1 4G/5G Wireless Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which offer the benefits of reducing

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 implementation costs of SHM systems and improving data processing
efficiency, have become an attractive alternative to traditional tethered sensor
systems using 4G and 5G.
2.2 Real-time Remote Real-time remote technology enhances the bridge inspection process by
allowing inspectors to access and control inspection equipment remotely to
gather data while monitoring the bridge's condition.
2.3 Global Navigation Satellite GNSS plays a significant role in bridge inspection technology, enabling
inspectors to precisely determine the location of bridges and various
components. This aids in navigation to inspection sites and provides accurate
spatial data.
2.4 Signal Processing Signal processing techniques are subsequently applied to interpret the sensor
data and extract pertinent information regarding the bridge's condition,
enabling the assessment of structural health integrity.
2.5 Ground Penetrating Radar The integration of GPR functions as a valuable tool in bridge inspection,
utilizing radar pulses to detect subsurface anomalies and variations in material
properties.
2.6 Fibre-optic Sensor Optical fibre-optic sensors offer real-time monitoring of crucial parameters
within bridge structures, facilitating early defect detection and minimizing
failures.
3. Technology 1.1. Internet of Things (IoT) IoT has the potential to revolutionize bridge inspection processes by enabling
real-time monitoring, data collection, and analysis, while also reducing costs

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 and minimizing the risk of structural failures.
1.2. Virtual Reality VR can enhance visualization standards during the inspection of bridge
components for defects or damages, thus facilitating effective planning,
modeling, inspection, and data analysis.
1.3. Digital Twin DT in the bridge inspection and maintenance process can encompass the
management of images, spreadsheets, documents, and technical reports related
to design and construction. All of these are stored and managed on a cloud
computing system.
1.4. Computer Vision CV plays a significant role in bridge inspection by employing advanced
technology to analyze real-time visual data collected from bridges. This
enables the detection of structural defects, assessment of damage, and
monitoring of bridge health.
1.5. Cloud Computing CC in bridge inspection involves technology-based and cloud-based platforms
for storing, processing, and analyzing structural damage data. This aids in
managing and streamlining the flow of the bridge inspection process.
1.6. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UAV technology encompasses the ability to fly to challenging-to-access
bridge locations and carry high-resolution cameras and sensors, thereby
overcoming current limitations in bridge inspection access.

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 C. Expert Questionnaire Design
AHP Expert Questionnaire:

To assess the impact of bridge inspection factors utilizing Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in streamlining implementation
for practitioners and the industry, please select the appropriate option from the choices below based on your understanding of bridge inspection
using ICT and your professional experience:

Part One: Comparison of the Second Layer ICT

Explanation: Taking the comparison between categories "1. and 2." as an example, if you believe that the overall impact of category "1.
Information" compared to category "2. Communication" is extremely important, then you can choose a number closer to "7 (extremely
important)" for category "1. Information" to tick.
Absolutely Important

Absolutely Important
Extremely Important

Extremely Important
Essential Important

Essential important
Equal Importance
Weak Importance

Weak Importance
Category A Category B

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2. Communication
1. Information
3. Technology
2. Communication 3. Technology

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Part Two: Criteria Items (Key Factors) Comparison

Explanation: Using the comparison of key factors "1.1 and 1.2" as an example, if you believe that "1.1 Building information modeling" has a
slightly more significant impact on urban renewal and reconstruction than "1.2 Bridge maintenance system", you may select the number "3
(Weak importance)" closer to "1.1 Building information modeling "

Key Factors Bridge Inspection using ICT: Information Systems Comparison Aspects
Absolutely Important

Absolutely Important
Extremely Important

Extremely Important
Essential Important

Essential important
Equal Importance
Weak Importance

Weak Importance
Key Factor A Key Factor B

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.2 Bridge Maintenance System
1.3 Structural Health Monitoring
1.1 Building
1.4 Fine Element Modelling
Information
Modelling 1.5 Geographic Information
Systems
1.6 3D Reconstruction
1.3 Structural Health Monitoring
1.2 Bridge 1.4 Fine Element Modelling
Maintenance 1.5 Geographic Information
System Systems
1.6 3D Reconstruction
1.3 Structural 1.4 Fine Element Modelling

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 1.5 Geographic Information
Health Monitoring Systems
1.6 3D Reconstruction
1.5 Geographic Information
1.4 Fine Element Systems
Modelling
1.6 3D Reconstruction
1.5 Geographic
Information
Systems 1.6 3D Reconstruction

Key Factors Bridge Inspection using ICT: Communication Systems Comparison Aspects
Absolutely Important

Absolutely Important
Extremely Important

Extremely Important
Essential Important

Essential important
Equal Importance
Weak Importance

Weak Importance
Key Factor A Key Factor B

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2.2 Real-Time Wireless
2.3 Global Navigation Satellite
2.1 4G/5G Wireless 2.4 Signal Processing
2.5 Ground Penetrating Radar
2.6 Fibre-Optical Sensors

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 Absolutely Important

Absolutely Important
Extremely Important

Extremely Important
Essential Important

Essential important
Equal Importance
Weak Importance

Weak Importance
Key Factor A Key Factor B

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2.3 Global Navigation Satellite
2.2 Real-time 2.4 Signal Processing
Remote 2.5 Ground Penetrating Radar
2.6 Fibre-Optical Sensors
2.4 Signal Processing
2.3 Global
Navigation Satellite 2.5 Ground Penetrating Radar
2.6 Fibre-Optical Sensors
2.4 Signal 2.5 Ground Penetrating Radar
Processing 2.6 Fibre-Optical Sensors
2.5 Ground
2.6 Fibre-Optical Sensors
Penetrating Radar

Key Factors Bridge Inspection using ICT: Technology Systems Comparison Aspects

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 Essential Important

Essential important
Equal Importance
Weak Importance

Weak Importance
Absolutely

Absolutely
Important

Important

Important

Important
Extremely

Extremely
Key Factor A Key Factor B

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3.2 Virtual Reality
3.3. Digital Twin
3.1 Internet of
3.4 Computer Vision
Things
3.5 Cloud Computing
3.6 Unmmaned Aerial Vechile
3.3. Digital Twin
3.4 Computer Vision
3.2 Virtual Reality
3.5 Cloud Computing
3.6 Unmmaned Aerial Vechile
3.4 Computer Vision
3.3. Digital Twin 3.5 Cloud Computing
3.6 Unmmaned Aerial Vechile
3.4 Computer 3.5 Cloud Computing
Vision 3.6 Unmmaned Aerial Vechile
3.5 Cloud
Computing 3.6 Unmmaned Aerial Vechile
Part Three: Key Factors Influence and Frequency

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Explanation: “Please check the box next to the option you consider appropriate for your thoughts regarding the key factors below. For example,
if you consider the key factor BIM to be highly influential and always using it, you can check the box on the scale of 4 (high)."

Influence Frequency
Sometime
Key Factor Extreme High Medium Low Slight Always Often Rare Unlikely
s
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
1.1 Building Information Modelling
1.2 Bridge Maintenance System
1.3 Structural Health Monitoring
1.4 Fine Element Modelling
1.5 Geographic Information Systems
1.6 3D Reconstruction
2.1 4G/5G Wireless
2.2 Real-Time Remote
2.3 Global Navigation Satellite
2.4 Signal Processing
2.5 Ground Penettrating Radar
2.6 Fibre- Optical Sensors
3.1 Internet of Things
3.2 Virtual Reality
3.3. Dgital Twin
3.4 Computer Vision
3.5 Cloud Computing
3.6 Unmmaned Aerial Vechile
Part Four : Question and Answer

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1. Beyond utilizing communication technology information, are there any other factors in the advancement of ICT that
could be employed in bridge inspections to facilitate decision-making?

2. What factors can be influenced by the use of technology in Indonesia, and how does the implementation of ICT assist
in bridge inspection and maintenance?

3. Drawing from your experience in conducting bridge inspections using ICT, do you have any suggestions or insights
to offer?

------------------ End of survey. Thank you for your attention and participation -------------

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