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Experiment No 2

lcs lab

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Usama Mughal
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7 views4 pages

Experiment No 2

lcs lab

Uploaded by

Usama Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Muhammad Usama Roll No: 20013122-032

Experiment No. 2
Title:
Measurement and observations of control system behavior by using Tacho Output Voltage with
different input functions.

Objectives:
i. Controlled output reaches the value desired of it.
ii. Control system maintains its output under changing load conditions
iii. Control system is to reduce the transient time as short as possible.

Apparatus Required:
 MS-15 DC Motor Module
 AS-3 Command Potentiometer
 CLIO Interface Module with PC connection leads
 System Power supply
 4mm Connection Leads
 PC running VCL (Visual Control Laboratory) Software
Procedure:
• Wire up the system as in Fig #6 shown in Experiment # 1.
• With the motor off or disabled, disengage the MS 15 Output Potentiometer
from the output shaft to reduce wear.
• Start VCL software and Load setup | CA06PE02. This sets up the system as:

File Controller Plant Display


CA06PE02 Open-loop MS15 Analog Graph
Signal Generator Graph
Signal DC-Level 1 Input ON
Level 50% 2 Position OFF
Offset 0%
Rate 10 msec 4 Velocity ON
Reference Internal
DC Motor Output Potentiometer Disengage
Brake 0 Command Potentiometer 180o

 The reference input is set to Internal which uses the internal signal generator to
drive the system.
 Switch ON and enable the motor. Nothing should happen.
 The Controller is set to Open-loop. This means that there is no feedback control.
Reaching the desired output

Spring 2023 Lab Engineer: Muhammad Waqas Jabbar


Name: Muhammad Usama Roll No: 20013122-032

 We would like the motor to run at half speed. For this the tachogenerator output
should be 2.5V (50% of 5V full scale value).
 Measure the input voltage (channel 1) and tachogenerator output voltage
(channel 4) over the range of Offset values as shown in Table 1 and enter the
values in your workbook.

Offset % Input Voltage Tacho Output Voltage


0 0 0
10 0.5 0
20 1.0 1.5
30 1.5 1.1
40 2.0 1.7
50 2.5 2.2
60 3.0 2.7
70 3.5 3.25
80 4.0 3.8
90 4.5 4.4
100 5.0 4.6

Relationship Between drive input and velocity output (Table # 1)


 Disable the motor then plot your results in the graph in Fig 1 in your workbook.
You will get a graph as shown overleaf in Fig 1.
 It can be seen that there is not a linear relationship between input voltage and
speed. To run the motor at half speed, the input has to be set to approximately
56% of its range.
 With open loop, there is no guarantee that the actual speed will equal the set
speed. Many systems do work in open loop but it does not lead to good control.
Reacting to Load Changes
 Enable the motor and set the Offset to 50%. The brake is Off so this is the no
load condition. Make a note of the tacho voltage in Table 2.2 in your workbook.
 Now move the eddy current brake to position 1. You will see on the screen and
on the motor rig that the speed drops as the motor is loaded. This is the half load
condition. Again, note the tacho speed in Table 2.
 Repeat for full loading with the brake in position 2. Then disable the motor.
Loading Tacho Voltage
No load 2.2
Half load 1.8
Full load 1.2

Change of speed with load (Table # 2)


Minimizing Transients

Spring 2023 Lab Engineer: Muhammad Waqas Jabbar


Name: Muhammad Usama Roll No: 20013122-032

The third problem with a dynamic system is the time it takes to reach the required value
from rest. We are all familiar with the comparison between cars based on the time to go
from 0 to 60 mph (or 0 to 100 kph).
 Put the brake back to 0, set the Offset to 0% and the Signal to Step
 Adjust the Level until the velocity output reaches 50% (2.5V) at the end of the
step period.
You are now asking the motor to reverse and seeing how long it takes the velocity to
reach its new value.
 Measure the time from when the input changes until the output reaches 2V. The
Time expansion controls may help you with this measurement.
Open-loop no load transient time to 2.5V = 0.95 sec
Owing to the inertia of the motor and other factors, it takes some time for the motor to
react to a change in demand. The time it takes to make a change is called the Transient
Time.
The third objective of a control system is to reduce the transient time to as short as
possible.
Fulfilling the objectives using feedback Reaching the required level
From the tool bar, select Controller | PID. You can see the changes this has made from
the controller mimic. The velocity output is now being fed back and compared with the
input. This is a Feedback Control system or Closed Loop Control system. Do not be
concerned with the controller detail - we will come back to this later.
After the transient period, the velocity and input voltages are now the same. You can
see that the velocity trace (purple) now reaches the input trace (dark blue). The first
objective has been met - the controlled value reaches the steady state value required of
it.
Speeding up the system
Set the Level to 50%.
Now measure the transient time. Enter the value into your workbook and compare this
closed loop transient time with the open-loop transient time measured earlier.
Open-loop no load transient time = 0.95 sec
Closed loop no load transient time = 0.65 sec
Adding the feedback controller has met the third objective - reducing the transient time
of any change.
Reacting to load changes
Set Signal to DC Level and Offset to 50%.
Again, examine the effect of changing the load by applying the brake. As the load is
added there is a small decrease in the velocity then it recovers to its demanded level.
When the load is removed, the motor speeds up then again recover. The second
objective has been met - the controlled value maintains its steady state value in spite of

Spring 2023 Lab Engineer: Muhammad Waqas Jabbar


Name: Muhammad Usama Roll No: 20013122-032

load changes.
Disable the motor.

Spring 2023 Lab Engineer: Muhammad Waqas Jabbar

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