MATHEMATICS / X / 2023-24/RO-RANCHI

CHAPTER -5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS
Prepared by- RITESH RANJAN
TGT (MATHS)
KV HINOO 1ST SHIFT,RANCHI

KEY CONCEPT
Arithmetic Progression is a sequence of numbers in order, in which the difference between any
two consecutive numbers is a constant value. In other words We can say that an arithmetic
progression is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number to the
preceding term except the first term. This fixed number is called the common difference of the
AP. Remember that common difference can be positive, negative or zero.

Example: Consider the following lists of numbers :

(i) 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . (ii) 100, 70, 40, 10, . . . (iii) 3, 3, 3, 3, . . .

We can clearly see that

Common difference in (i) is 1 which is positive.

Common difference in (ii) is -30 which is negative.

Common difference in (iii) is zero

Some daily life Examples of A.P:

(a) The heights (in cm ) of some students of a school standing in a queue in the morning
assembly are 147 , 148, 149, . . ., 157.

(b) The minimum temperatures ( in degree Celsius ) recorded for a week in the month of
January in a city, arranged in ascending order are – 3.1, – 3.0, – 2.9, – 2.8, – 2.7, –
2.6, – 2.5

Note that in examples given above, there are only a finite number of terms. Such an
AP is called a finite AP. Also note that each of these Arithmetic Progressions (APs)
has a last term.

General form of an A.P:-

a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, . . . represents an arithmetic progression where a is the first term

and d the common difference. This is called the general form of an AP.

nth Term of an AP:

nth term 𝑎𝑛 of the AP with first term a and common difference d is given by

𝒂𝒏 = a + (n – 1) d

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𝒂𝒏 is also known as last term of a finite A.P and sometimes It is denoted by 𝒍.

Sum of First n Terms of an AP :

 𝒏
Sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by 𝑺𝒏 = [2a + (n – 1) d ]
𝟐

 We can also write this as

𝒏
𝑛 𝑺𝒏 = (a +𝒂𝒏 )
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [a + a + (n – 1) d ] i.e., 𝟐

 Now, if there are only n terms in an AP, then 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒍 (the last term).

We see that . 𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂 + 𝒍 )
𝟐

This form of the result is useful when the first and the last terms of an AP are given and the
common difference is not given.

Arithmetic Progression Formula (AP Formulas)

For the first term 'a' of an AP and common difference’d’, given below is a list of arithmetic
progression formulas that are commonly used to solve various problems related to AP:

● Common difference of an AP: d = a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a4 - a3 = ... = an - an-1

● nth term of an AP: an = a + (n - 1)d
● Sum of n terms of an AP: Sn = n/2 (2a + (n - 1) d) = n/2 (a + l), where l is the last
term of the arithmetic progression.
𝑛
● Sum of first n natural numbers= (n +1)
2
● Sum of first n odd numbers= n2
● an = Sn - Sn-1

NOTE:
● Three consecutive terms of an A.P should be taken as (a-d), a and(a+d)
● Four consecutive terms of an A.P should be taken as (a – 3d), (a – d), (a + d) and
(a +3d).
● Five consecutive terms of an A.P should be taken as (a – 2d), (a – d), a,(a + d) and
(a + 2d).

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SECTION A (Solved MCQ)

1. The nth term of an A.P. 5, 2, -1, -4, -7 … is
(a) 2n + 5 (b) 2n – 5 (c) 8 – 3n (d) 3n – 8
Answer: c
Explanation: Here a = 5, d = 2 – 5 = -3
an = a + (n – 1)d = 5 + (n – 1) (-3) = 5 – 3n + 3 = 8 – 3n
2. The sum of first n odd natural numbers is
(a) 2n² (b) 2n + 1 (c) 2n – 1 (d) n²
Answer: d
Explanation: Required Sum = 1 + 3 + 5 + … + upto n terms.
Here a = 1, d = 3 – 1 = 2
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
Sum = 2[2 × 1 + (n – 1) × 2] = 2[2 + 2n – 2] = 2 × 2n = n²

3. The 10th term from the end of the A.P. 4, 9,14, …, 254 is
(a) 209 (b) 205 (c) 214 (d) 213
Answer: a
Explanation: Here l = 254, d = 9 - 4 = 5
∴ 10𝑡ℎ term from the end = l – (10 – 1 )d = 254 -9d = 254 - 9(5) = 254 – 45 = 209
4. If 2x, x + 10, 3x + 2 are in A.P., then x is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
Answer: d
Explanation : Since 2x, x + 10 and 3x + 2 are in A.P.
∴ (x + 10)-2x = (3x + 2)-(x+10)

⇒(x + 10)+ (x + 10)= (3x + 2)+2x

⇒ 2x + 20 = 5x + 2
⇒ 2x – 5x = 2 – 20
⇒ 3x = 18
⇒x=6
5. 30th term of the A.P: 10, 7, 4… is
(a) 97 (b) 77 (c) -77 (d) -87
Answer: c
Explanation a30 = 10+(30−1)(−3)
a30 = 10+ (29)(−3)
a30 = 10−87 = −77

Practice Questions:
1. Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18 … is 78?
(A) 12th (B) 13th (C) 15th (D) 16th
2. In an AP, if d = -4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is equal to
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 20 (D) 28

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3. In an AP, if a = 3.5, d = 0,n = 101, then an will be

(A) 0 (B) 3.5 (C) 103.5 (D) 104.5
4. The 11th term of the AP: -5, −52 , 0, 52,…
(A) -20 (B) 20 (C) -30 (D) 30
5. Which term of the AP: 21, 42, 63, 84,… is 210?
(A) 9th (B) 10th (C) 11th (D) 12th
6. The 4th term from the end of the AP: -11, -8, -5, 49 is
(A) 37 (B) 40 (C) 43 (D) 58
7. The sum of first 16 terms of the AP: 10, 6 2, … is
(A) -320 (B) 320 (C) -352 (D) -400
8. The sum of first five multiples of 3 is
(A) 45 (B) 55 (C) 65 (D) 75
9. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,... is

(A) an AP with d = – 16 (B) an AP with d = 4

(C) an AP with d = – 4 (D) not an AP

10. The sum of first 100 multiples of 3 is

(A) 30300 (B) 15150 (C) 300 (D) none of these

SECTION-B SA I (2 Marks Questions)

1. If 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. Find the common difference.(**)
Solution: an = a+(n-1)d
Given, a17 − a10 = 7

⟹ (a +16d)−(a+9d) = 7

⟹7d = 7

⟹d = 1
Therefore, the common difference is 1.

2. Which term of the AP : 3, 9, 15, 21, . . . , is 99?(***)

Solution.- Here, a = 3, d = 9 – 3 = 6
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
Let an = 99 or, a + (n – 1)d = 99
⟹3 + (n – 1)6 = 99
⟹ (n – 1)6 = 99 – 3 = 96
⟹ 𝑛 − 1 = 16
⟹ 𝑛 = 17.

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3. Determine the AP whose 3rd term is 5 and the 7th term is 9. (***)
Solution-We have a3 = a + (3 – 1) d = a + 2d = 5 (1)
and a7 = a + (7 – 1) d = a + 6d = 9 (2)
Solving the pair of linear equations (1) and (2), we get a = 3, d = 1 Hence, the required AP is
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . . .

4. Find the 11th term from the last term (towards the first term) of the AP : 10, 7, 4, . . ., – 62.
(***)
Solution : Here, a = 10, d = 7 – 10 = – 3, l = – 62,
where l = a + (n – 1) d
To find the 11th term from the last term, we will find the total number of terms in the AP.
So, – 62 = 10 + (n – 1)(–3)
i.e., – 72 = (n – 1)(–3) i.e., n – 1 = 24 or n = 25
So, there are 25 terms in the given AP.
The 11th term from the last term will be the 15th term.
a15 = 10 + (15 – 1)(–3) = 10 – 42 = – 32 i.e., the 11th term from the last term is – 32.
Alternative Solution : If we write the given AP in the reverse order, then a = – 62 and d = 3 So, the
question now becomes finding the 11th term with these a and d. So,
a11 = – 62 + (11 – 1) × 3 = – 62 + 30 = – 32 So, the 11th term, which is now the required term, is –
32.
5. Find the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP : 8, 3, –2, . . . (**)
Solution : Here, a = 8, d = 3 – 8 = –5, n = 22.
𝑛
We know that 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2a + (n – 1) d ]

Putting values of a ,d and n we get 𝑆𝑛 = -979

Practice Questions:
1. Find the 20th term from the last term of the AP : 3, 8, 13, . . ., 253. (***)
2. Find the 31st term of an A.P. whose 11th term is 38 and 16th term is 73. (***)
3. Which term of the A.P.84, 80, 76 ………………. is zero? (***)
4. Find the value of x if 3x-4, 4x-7, 7x-3 are in A.P. (***)
5. Which term of the sequence 48, 43, 38, 33……………… is the first negative term? (***)
6. If the 3rd and the 9th terms of an AP are 4 and -8, respectively, then which term of this AP is
zero. (***)
7. In a flower bed, there are 23 rose plants in the first row, 21 in the second, 19 in the third, and so
on. There are 5 rose plants in the last row. How many rows are there in the flower bed? (**)
8.Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8. (***)
9. If the sum of the first 14 terms of an AP is 1050 and its first term is 10, find the 20th term. (**)
10. Find the sum of first 1000 positive integers. (**)

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11. Which term of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, 18, … is 78? (***)

12. In an AP if the common difference (d) = -4 and the seventh term (a7) is 4, then find the first term.
(**)

SECTION-C (SAII)-3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. Check whether – 150 is a term of the AP: 11, 8, 5, 2 . . . (**)

Solution: Given AP: 11, 8, 5, 2, …
First term, a = 11
Common difference, d = a2 − a1 = 8 − 11 = −3
Let −150 be the nth term of this AP.
As we know that
an = a + (n − 1) d
⇒ -150 = 11 + (n – 1)(-3)

⇒ -150 = 11 – 3n + 3

⇒ -164 = -3n

⇒ n = 164/3
Clearly, n is not an integer but a fraction.
Therefore, – 150 is not a term of the given AP.
2. The first term of an A.P. is 5, the common difference is 3, and the last term is 80; find the
number of terms. (**)
Solution: Given,a = 5 and d = 3
We know that, the nth term an = a + (n – 1)d
So, for the given A.P. an = 5 + (n – 1)3 = 3n + 2
Also given, last term = 80

⇒ 3n + 2 = 80
3n = 78
n = 78/3 = 26
Therefore, there are 26 terms in the A.P.

3. Which term of the AP 121, 117. 113 … is its first negative term? (***)
Solution: Given A.P is 121, 117, 113…
First term (a) = 121, Common difference (d) = 117 – 121 = – 4
We know that, the nth term an = a + (n – 1)d
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Let the nth term is negative, i.e., an < 0

121 + (n – 1) – 4 < 0
121 + 4 – 4n < 0
125 – 4n < 0
4n > 125
n > 125/4
n > 31.25
The integer which comes after 31.25 is 32.

∴ The 32nd term in the A.P. will be the first negative term.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
1. Which term of the sequence 48, 43, 38, 33……………… is the first negative term? (***)
2. Which term of the A.P. 4, 12, 20, 28,…. will be 120 more than its 21st term? (***)
3. Determine the AP whose 5th term is 15 and sum of its 3rd and 8th term is 34. (***)
4. If 19th term of an A.P. is equal to 3 times its 6th term. If the 9th term of the A. P. is 19, find the A.P.
(***)
5. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by Sn = 4n2 – 3n, find the nth term of the A.P. (**)
6. How many terms of the AP 24, 21, 18, . . . must be taken so that their sum is 78? (**)
7. If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that of 17 terms is 289, find the sum of first n terms.
(**)
8. 7 times the 7th term of an AP is equal to 11 times its 11th term, then what will be its 18th term ?
(**)
9. In an AP if a = 1, an = 20 and Sn = 399, then find no.of terms in the given A.P. (*)
10. Find the sum of the first 15 multiples of 8. (***)
11. Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers divisible by 6. (***)
12.Find the sum of all 3 - digit natural numbers which are divisible by 13. (***)
13.Find the sum of all 3- digit natural numbers which are multiples of 11. (***)
14. In an A.P., if the 5th and 12th terms are 30 and 65, respectively, what is the sum of the first 20
terms? (**)

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SECTION-D LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)

1. If the 9th term of an A.P. is zero, prove its 29th term is double the 19th term. (**)
Solution: Given,a9 = 0
We know that, the nth term an = a + (n – 1)d

So, a + (9 – 1)d = 0 ⇒ a + 8d = 0 ……(i)

Now, The 29th term a29 = a + (29 – 1)d

⇒ a29 = a + 28d
And, a29 = (a + 8d) + 20d [using (i)]

⇒ a29 = 20d ….. (ii)

Similarly, the 19th term a19 = a + (19 – 1)d

⇒ a19 = a + 18d
And, a19 = (a + 8d) + 10d [using (i)]

⇒ a19 = 10d …..(iii)

On comparing (ii) and (iii),
a29 = 2(a19)
Therefore, the 29th term is double the 19th term.

2. If 10 times the 10th term of an A.P. is equal to 15 times the 15th term, show that the 25th term
of the A.P. is zero. (**)
Solution:Given,10 times the 10th term of an A.P. is equal to 15 times the 15th term.
We know that, the nth term an = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ 10(a10) = 15(a15)

⇒10(a + (10 – 1)d) = 15(a + (15 – 1)d)

⇒10(a + 9d) = 15(a + 14d)

⇒10a + 90d = 15a + 210d

⇒5a + 120d = 0

⇒5(a + 24d) = 0

⇒a + 24d = 0

⇒a + (25 – 1)d = 0 ⇒ a25 = 0

Therefore, the 25th term of the A.P. is zero.

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3. Three numbers are in A.P. If the sum of these numbers is 27 and the product 648, find the
numbers. (**)
Solution: Let the three numbers of the A.P. be a – d, a, a + d
From the question,
Sum of these numbers = 27
a – d + a + a + d = 27

⇒ 3a = 27

⇒a = 27/3 = 9
Now, the product of these numbers = 648

⇒ (a – d)(a)(a + d) = 648

⇒ a(a2 – d2) = 648

⇒ 9(92 – d2) = 648

⇒93 – 9d2 =648

⇒729 – 648 = 9d2

⇒81 = 9d2

⇒d2 = 9 ⇒d = 3 or -3

Hence, the terms are 9-3, 9 and 9+3 ⇒ 6, 9, 12 or 12, 9, 6 (for d = -3).

PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
1. Sum of first 14 terms of an A.P is 1050 and its first term is 10. Find its 30th term. (**)
2. Find the 20th term of the AP whose 7th term is 24 less than the 11th term, first term being 12. (**)
3. Which term of the Arithmetic Progression -7, -12, -17, -22,…..will be -82? Is -100 any term of the
A.P.? Give a reason for your answer. (**)
4. How many terms of the Arithmetic Progression 45, 39, 33, …. must be taken so that their sum is
180? (***)
5. The sum of four consecutive numbers in an AP is 32 and the ratio of the product of the first and
the last term to the product of two middle terms is 7:15. Find the numbers. (**)
6. In a certain A.P., the 24th term is twice the 10th term. Prove that the 72nd term is twice the
34th term. (**)
7. The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an A.P. is 24, and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 34. Find
the first term and the common difference of the A.P. (***)
8. Find the four numbers in A.P. whose sum is 50 and in which the greatest number is 4 times the
least. (**)
(Hint: consider the four terms of the A.P. to be (a – 3d), (a – d), (a + d) and (a + 3d).
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9. The first term of an A.P. is 5, the last term is 45, and the sum is 400. Find the number of terms and
the common difference. (***)
10. The pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b, c, respectively. Show that a(q−r)+b(r−p)+c(p−q)=0.
(**)
11. If the ratio of sums of first p terms and q terms of an arithmetic progression is p2:q2 then find the
ratio of its pth and qth term. (**)

SECTION-E (CASE BASED QUESTIONS)-4 MARKS (1+2+1)

1. World Environment Day is an annual global event celebrated
on June 05. It is observed to raise awareness on the protection
and preservation of the environment. World Environment Day
is the largest platform that advocates the practice of sustainable
development around the world. With the current pace of the
overutilization of natural resources, the future generation is
likely to be deprived of these resources. Millions of people
around the world participate in this program to protect and
conserve the environment to fulfill the needs of the future
generation.

In Kendriya Vidyalaya Hinoo , students thought of planting trees in and around the school to
reduce air pollution .On the occasion of World Environment Day It was decided that the
number of trees, that each section of each class will plant, will be the 10 times as the class,
in which they are studying, e.g., a section of Class I will plant 10 trees, a section of Class II
will plant 20 trees and so on till Class XII. There are three sections of each class.

Now answer the following questions.

I. How many trees will be planted by class 7 ? 1

II. What will be the total no. of trees planted by the students of Kendriya 2
Vidyalaya Hinoo?
(OR)
Find total no.of trees planted by students of class VI to class XII.
III. Find total no. of trees planted by Primary Section (Class I to V)? 1

2. In the month of April to June 2022, the

exports of passenger cars from India
increased by 26% in the corresponding
quarter of 2021–22, as per a report. A car
manufacturing company planned to produce
th
1800 cars in 4 year and 2600 cars in 8th
year. Assuming that the production increases
uniformly by a fixed number every year.

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Based on the above information answer the following questions.

I. Find the production in the 1st year. 1

II. Find the total production in first 10 years. 2

[OR]
In how many years will the total production reach 31200 cars?
III. Find the production in the 12th year. 1

3. The school auditorium was to be constructed to accommodate at least 1500 people. The
chairs are to be placed in concentric circular arrangement in such a way that each succeeding
circular row has 10 seats more than the previous one.

I. If the first circular row has 30 seats, how many seats will be there in the 10th row? 1

II. For 1500 seats in the auditorium, how many rows need to be there? 2
OR
If 1500 seats are to be arranged in the auditorium, how many seats are still left to be
put after 10th row?
III. If there were 17 rows in the auditorium, how many seats will be there in the middle 1
row?

4. Priya is preparing for the Bicycle

Marathon.Her racing bicycle has a
device to calculate the no.of
kilometers she cycled.She decideds
to increase the distance she cycles
everyday by a fixed number of
kilometers.

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I. On the first day Priya cycled 8 km. In 10 days she cycled a total of total of 1
170 km. Find fixed no.of kilometer by which she increases her distance
everyday.
II. Priya plans to go on a cycle tour from Bangalore to Mangalore covering 425 2
Km.She travels 20 km on day 1 and increases the distance covered each day
by 5 km. In how many days will She reach her destination?
III. Using data of (i) find How many kilometer did She cycle on the third day? 1

5. Rohit wants to buy a car and plans to take loan from a bank for his car. He repays his total loan
of Rs 1,18,000 by paying every month starting with the first instalment of Rs 1000. If he
increases the instalment by Rs 100 every month, answer the following:

I. What is the amount paid by him in 30th installment ? 1

II. What amount does he still have to pay after 30th installment? 2
OR
If total installments are 40 then what amount is paid in the last installment?
III. What is the total amount paid by him in the 30 installments 1

6. Anuj gets pocket money from his father everyday. Out of the pocket money, he saves Rs.
2.75 on first day, Rs. 3 on second day, Rs. 3.25 on third day and so on.
On the above information, answer the following questions.

I. what is the amount saved by Anuj on 11th day? 1

II. what is the amount saved by Anuj on 30th day? 2

OR
What is the total amount saved by him in the month of June?
III. what is the amount saved by Anuj in 4 days? 1

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7. Push-ups are a fast and effective exercise for building strength. These are helpful in almost
all sports including athletics. While the push-up primarily targets the muscles of the chest, arms,
and shoulders, support required from other muscles helps in toning up the whole body.

Nitesh wants to participate in the push-up challenge. He can currently make 3000 push-ups in
one hour. But he wants to achieve a target of 3900 push-ups in 1 hour for which he practices
regularly. With each day of practice, he is able to make 5 more push-ups in one hour as
compared to the previous day. If on first day of practice he makes 3000 push-ups and
continues to practice regularly till his target is achieved. Keeping the above situation in mind
answer the following questions:

I. Form an A.P representing the number of push-ups per day . 1

II. Find the total number of push-ups performed by Nitesh up to the day his goal is 2
achieved
III. Find the minimum number of days he needs to practice before the day his goal is 1
accomplished?

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ANSWER KEY OF PRACTICE QUESTIONS

SECTION-A (MCQ)
1)(D)16th 2)(D)28 3)(B)3.5 4)(B)20 5)(B)10TH
6)(B)40 7)(A) -320 8)(A)45 9)(B)-An AP with d=4 10)(B)15150

SECTION-B (SA I)
1) 158 2) 178 3) 22 4) x= -7/2 5) 11th term
6) 5th term 7) 10 8) 960 9) 200 10) 500500
11) 16th term 12)a=28

SECTION-C (SA II)

1) 11 2) 26 3) a=-1,d=4 AP will be -1,3,7….. 4) a=3,d=2 AP will be
3,5,7…
5) 8n-7 6)n=4,13 7)n2 8) 0 9) 38 10) 960
11) 4920 12)37674 13) 44550 14)a=10,d=5 Sum=1150
15) radius of first circle=3 cm
Radius second circle=3+4=7 cm
Radius of third circle=7+4=11 cm
Clearly 3,7,11…are in A.P
Let nth circle has radius 43 cm
Then 43=3+(n-1)4
On soving we get n=11
So 11th circle has radius 43 cm.

SECTION-D (LA)
1) a=10,d=10 hence a30=300 2) 126
3) 16th term will be -82.Also on solving n=98/5(not a positive integer)therefore -100 can not be the
term of given AP.
4) n=10,6 5) 2,6,10,14 or 14,10,6,2 6) Prove as done in solved examples.
7) a= -1/2,d=5/2 8)5,10,15,20 9) n=16,d=8/3
10) Prove using formula for nth term of an AP 11) 2p-1:2q-1

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SECTION-E (CASE BASED QUESTIONS)

1)(i) 70×3=210
(ii)3(10+20+…….120)=2340
(OR)
3(60+70+……120)=1890
(iii) 3(10+20+30+40+50)=450
2) (i) Since the production increases uniformly by a fixed number every year, the no.of Cars
manufactured in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, . . .,years will form an AP. So, a + 3d = 1800 & a + 7d = 2600
So a = 1200 & d = 200
(ii) Sn =n/2( 2a + (n-1)d
⇒S10 =10/2( 2×1200 + (10-1)200)=21000
(OR)

Sn =n/2( 2a + (n-1)d
⇒31200=n/2( 2×1200 + (n-1)200)
⇒31200=n/2( 2400 + 200n-200)
⇒31200=n/2( 2200 + 200n)
⇒312=n( 11 + n) ⇒n2+11n-312=0
⇒ n2+24n-13n-312=0⇒(n-13)(n+24)=0⇒n=13 or -24
n=-24(not possible) therefore n=13.

(iii) a12= a+11d=1200+11×200=1200+2200=3400

3) (i) Since each row is increasing by 10 seats, so it is an AP with first term a= 30, and d=10.
So number of seats in 10th row = 𝑎10 = a+ 9d
= 30 + 9×10 = 120

(ii) Sn =n/2( 2a + (n-1)d

⇒1500 = n/2( 2 × 30 + (n-1)10)
⇒3000 = 50n + 10n2
⇒n2 +5n -300 =0
⇒n2 + 20n -15n – 300 =0 ⇒ (n+20) (n-15) =0
⇒n=-20 or n=15
Rejecting the negative value, n= 15
OR

No. of seats already put up to the 10th row = S10 = 10/2 {2 × 30 + (10-1)10)}
= 5(60 + 90) = 750
So, the number of seats still required to be put are 1500 -750 = 750

(iii) If no. of rows =17

then the middle row is the 9th row
𝑎8 = a+ 8d
= 30 + 80= 110 seats

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4. (i) HINT:Here a=8 and S=170 n=10 then d=?

Solve it using sum of first n terms formula and you will get d=2
Fixed distance=2 km

(ii) HINT: Here a=20,d=5.S=425 n=?

On solving you will get n2+7n-170=0
n=10,-17
n=-17(rejected) hence n=10

(iii) a3=a+2d=8+2×2=12 km.

5) (i)3900
(ii)44500 OR 4900
(iii) 73500

6. a=2.75d=0.25

(i) Tn=2.75+10x0.25=5.25
(ii) S4=4/2(2x2.75+3x0.25)=12.50
(iii) T30=2.75+29x0.25=10

OR, s30=30/2(2x2.75+29x0.25)=191.25

7. (I) (i)A.P is 3000,3005,3010,………3900

𝑛
(II) Sum of n terms= 2 (a+l)

181
= (3000+3900)=624450
2

(III) A.P is 3000,3005,3010,………3900

Finding n=181

Minimum no.of days before his goal is accomplished=181-1=180

******

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CHAPTER -6
TRIANGLES
Prepared by- JAYANTA KUMAR PATAR
TGT (MATHS)
KV MAITHON DAM

MIND MAP

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CONCEPT:
 Two figures having the same shape but not necessarily the same size are called similar
figures.

 Two figures are said to be congruent if they have the same shape and the same size

Note- All congruent figures are similar but the similar figures need not be congruent.

 Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (i) their corresponding angles
are equal and (ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (i.e., proportion).
 SIMILAR TRIANGLES

Two triangles are said to be similar, if
(i) Their corresponding angles are equal
andPQ, C=R
(ii) Their corresponding sides are in the same ratio
(or proportion). AB/PQ =AC/PR = BC/QR

THEOREM:
Basic proportionality Theorem/ Thales Theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a
triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in the
same ratio.

𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
If DE// BC, Then =
𝑫𝑩 𝑬𝑪

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Criteria for similarity of triangles

NOTE: AA similarity criterion can also be stated as AAA similarity criterion.

SOLVED EXAMPLES

***Q1. If DE || BC. Find EC

Ans- In ∆ABC, DE || BC
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
⸫ = ( By BPT)
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶

1.5 1
=
3 𝐸𝐶

3
EC = = 2 cm
1.5

𝑸𝑹 𝑸𝑻
**Q2. In the given figure, = and ∠1 = ∠2. Show that ∆PQS ~ ∆TQR.
𝑸𝑺 𝑷 𝑹

Ans- From the figure 

 PQ = PR (Sides opposite to equal angles are equal)

In ∆ PQS and ∆ TQR

𝑄𝑅 𝑄𝑇
r = 𝑃 𝑅( given)
𝑄𝑆
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𝑄𝑅 𝑄𝑇
Or =𝑃𝑄 (PQ = PR)
𝑄𝑆

PQSTQR

⸫∆ PQS ~ ∆ TQR ( By SAS )

*Q3. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR, respectively where ∆ABC ~ ∆
PQR,
𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑫
prove that =
𝑷𝑸 𝑷𝑴
Ans-

**Q4.
In Fig, if ΔABC ~ ΔDEF and their sides are of lengths (in cm) as marked along with them, then
find the lengths of the sides of each triangle

Ans- ΔABC ~ ΔDEF (Given)

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⇒ 4x – 2 = 18
⇒x=5
∴ AB = 2 × 5 – 1 = 9,
BC = 2 × 5 + 2 = 12
CA = 3 × 5 = 15,
DE = 18,
EF = 3 × 5 + 9 = 24 and
FD = 6 × 5 = 30
Hence, AB = 9 cm, BC = 12 cm, CA = 15 cm DE = 18 cm, EF = 24 cm, FD = 30 cm

*Q5. In ∆ABC, if ∠ADE = ∠B, then prove that ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC. Also, if AD = 7.6 cm,
AE = 7.2 cm, BE = 4.2 cm and BC = 8.4 cm, then find DE.
Ans-

***Q6. State and prove Basic proportionality Theorem.

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Ans-
statement- If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Given- A triangle ABC in which DE // BC

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
To prove- =
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶

Construction: Join BE and CD and draw DM ⊥ AC and

EN ⊥ AB.

Proof:

Since Δ BDE and ∆DEC are on the same base DE and between the same parallels BC and DE.

Therefore, ar (BDE) = ar (DEC)

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
Hence from (A), and (B), we have = Proved.
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶

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PRACTICE QUESTION
SECTION A (MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1 MARK)

*Q1. Given that ΔABC~ΔDEF . If DE = 2AB and BC =3 cm then, EF is equal to ___________.

(a) 12 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 1.5 cm (d) 6 cm

**Q2. In the given figure, write the value of x.

(a) 9 cm (b) 10.5 cm (c) 13.5 cm (d) 12 cm

𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
*Q3. In the given figure, = and ADE =70º, BAC =50º, then BCA =
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶

(a) 70º (b) 50º (c) 80º (d) 60º

*Q4.The shadow of a tower 5 m long is 2 m . At the same time the shadow of a tree 12.5 m high is:

(a) 3 m (b) 3.5 m (c) 5 m (d) 4.5 m

𝐾𝑃 4
**Q5.In the figure given below, , = , and KN = 20.4 cm, then the value of KQ is:
𝑃𝑀 13

(a) 2.8 cm (b) 3.8 cm (c) 4.8 cm (d) 5.8 cm

**Q6. If ΔPQR~ΔXYZ, Q = 50º and R = 70º then X +Yis equal to

(a) 70º (b) 50º (c) 120º (d) 110º

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𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
**Q7.If in triangles ABC and DEF, = , then they will be similar, when
𝐷𝐸 𝐹𝐷

(a) ∠B = ∠E (b) ∠A = ∠D (c) ∠B = ∠D (d) ∠A = ∠F

**Q8. In ∆ABC, D is point on side AB and E is a point on side AC such that ∠ADE = ∠ABC,
AD = 2, BD = 3 and AE = 3, then what is the value of CE?

(a) 6 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 4.5 cm (d) 5 cm

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
*Q9. If in two triangles ABC and DEF = = then
𝐷𝐸 𝐸𝐹 𝐹𝐷

(a) ΔFDE ~ ΔCAB (b) ΔFDE ~ ΔABC

(c) ΔCBA ~ ΔFDE (d) ΔBCA ~ ΔFDE

**Q10.In figure DE || BC then the value of AD is

(a) 2 cm (b) 2.4 cm (c) 3 cm (d) none of the

above

***Q11. In the adjoining figure, XY // QR and PX : XQ =5:6. Then, XY :

QR equals

(a)5:11 (b) 6:5 (c) 11:5 (d)11:6

** Q12. In the following figure, ST//QR, Point S divides PQ in the ratio 4:.

If ST=1.6 cm, what is the length of QR?

(a) 0.71 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 3.6 cm (d) none of the above

13.In the figure below, DE//AC and DF//AE.

𝐵𝐹
Which of these is equal to ?
𝐹𝐸
(a) DF/AE
(b) BE/EC
(c) BA/AC

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(d) FE/EC
**Q14.In figure, if DE || BC, AD=3 cm, BD= 4 cm and BC= 14 cm,
then DE equals

(a) 7 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 3 cm

**Q15. D and E are the midpoints of side AB and AC of a triangle

ABC, respectively and BC= 6cm.

If DE || BC, then the length of DE is:

(a) 2.5 cm (b) 3cm (c)5cm (d) 6cm

SECTION B

(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION 2 MARKS)

*Q16. In the given figure, AM: MC =3:4, BP:PM =3:2 and BN = 12 cm. Then find AN

**Q17.A street light bulb is fixed on a pole 12 m above the level of the street. If a woman of height

3 m casts a shadow of 6m, what is the length of the shadow of the pole?

**Q18. In the given Fig, CD || LA and DE || AC. Find the length

of CL, if BE = 4 cm and EC =2 cm.

*Q19. XY is drawn parallel to the base BC of a ∆ ABC cutting AB at X and AC at Y.

If AB = 4 BX and YC =2cm, then AY is

**Q20.In the given figure, MN // AB, BC = 7.5cm, AM = 4cm and MC = 2cm. find the length of
BN.

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***Q21. In Fig., altitudes AD and CE of ΔABC intersect each other at the point P.

Show that: ΔAEP ~ ΔCDP

***Q22. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its

diagonals intersect each other at the

point O. Show that

𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑁
***Q23.In the given figure, if LM || CB and LN || CD, prove that =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷

*Q24.S and T are points on sides PR and QR of ∆ PQR such that ∠ P = ∠ RTS.
Show that ∆ RPQ ~ ∆ RTS.

**Q25. In the given Figure, DE || OQ and DF || OR.

Show that EF || QR.

SECTION C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION 3 MARKS)

**Q26. In the given figure, CD // LA and DE // AC. Find the length of CL if BE = 4cm and

EC = 2cm.

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𝐴𝐷 3 𝐵𝐶
*Q27. In a ∆ABC, DE // BC with D on AB and E on AC. If = Find
𝐵𝐷 4 𝐷𝐸

**Q28.In the given figure, ∠ACB = ∠CDA, AC = 8cm, AD = 3cm, then find BD.

𝐴𝐷 3
**Q29. In the given figure DE // BC and = if AC = 4.8cm, find the length of AE.
𝐵𝐷 5

*Q30. Observe the Figure and then find P.

***Q31. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR, respectively where ∆ ABC ~ ∆
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
PQR, prove that =
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑀

**Q32. In the given Figure, DE || OQ and DF || OR.

Show that EF || QR.

𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑇
**Q33. In the given Figure, 𝑆𝑄 = and ∠ PST = ∠ PRQ. Prove that PQR is an isosceles triangle
𝑇𝑅

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*Q34. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. E and F are points on non-parallel sides AD and BC
𝐴𝐸 𝐵𝐹
respectively such that EF is parallel to AB. Show that =
𝐸𝐷 𝐹𝐶

*Q35. In the given figure, RQ and TP are perpendicular to PQ, also TS perpendicular to PR .
Prove that ST.RQ = PS.PQ.

SECTION D

(LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 5 MARKS)

**Q36. In the given figure,∆ ODC ~ ∆ OBA, ∠BOC = 125°and ∠ CDO = 70°. Find ∠ DOC, ∠DCO
and∠ OAB.

***Q37.A vertical pole of length 3 m casts a shadow 2 m long on the ground and at the same time a
tower casts a shadow 14 m long. Find the height of the tower.

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***Q38.A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base

of a lamp-post at a speed of 1.2 m/s. If the lamp is 3.6
m above the ground, find the length of her shadow
after 4 seconds.

**Q39. Raj wanted to determine the height of a tree on the corner of his block. He knew that a
certain fence by the tree was 4 feet tall. At 3 PM, he measured the shadow of the fence to be
2.5 feet tall. Then he measured the tree’s shadow to be 11.3 feet. What is the height of the
tree?

*Q40. In the given figure, two line segment AC and BD intersect each other at the point P such that
PA = 6 cm, PB = 3 cm, PC = 2.5 cm, PD = 5 cm, ∠APB = 50º, and ∠CDP= 30º, Then Find
the ∠PBA.

***Q41.A 15m high tower casts a shadow 24m long at a certain time and at the same time, a
telephone pole casts a shadow 16m long. Find the height of the telephone pole.

***Q42. Let ABC be a triangle and D and E be two points on side AB such that AD = BE. If DP //
BC and EQ // AC, then prove that PQ // AB.

***Q43.State and prove Thales’ theorem.

**Q44. If a line intersects sides AB and AC of a ABC at D and E respectively and is parallel to
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
BC, prove that =
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶

***Q45. D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that

ADC = BAC. Show that CA2 = CB.CD.

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CASE BASED QUESTIOS

**Q46. A farmer has a field in the shape of a trapezium, whose map with scale 1cm = 20m, is given
below: The field is divided into four parts by joining the opposite vertices.

Based on the above information, answer the questions:

(i) If ABCD is a trapezium in which AB // DC and its diagonals intersect each other at the
point O then AO/BO is equal to______
(ii) In a trapezium ABCD, AB // CD, the diagonal AC and BD intersect at O. If OC = 3 cm,
OB = 2 cm and OA = 4 cm then find the length of side OD.
(iii) Prove that the two triangular region AOB and COD are similar.

*Q47. Read the following text and answer the below questions

Seema placed a light bulb at a point O on the ceiling and

directly below it placed a table. Now she put a cardboard
of shape ABCD between table and light bulb. Then a
shadow of ABCD is casted on the table as A1B1C1D1
(See figure). Quadrilateral A1B1C1D1is in an
enlargement of ABCD with scale factor 1:2 also
AB = 1.5 cm, BC = 25 cm, CD = 2.4cm and AD = 2.1
cm, 105º,ººandD = 85º

(i) What is the sum of C1and D1

(ii) What is the measure of A1
(iii) What is the length ofA1B1

**Q48. In the backyard of house, Meeta has

some empty space in the shape of a ∆PQR.
She decided to make it a garden. She divided
the whole space into three parts by making
boundaries AB and CD using bricks to grow
flower ,where AB//CD//QR as shown in
figure.

Based on the above information, answer the

questions:
(i) What is the length of AB ?
(ii) What is the length of CD ?
(iii) What is the area of whole land?

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***Q49. Ram is a student of class X, One day his math teacher gave an activity to measure the
height of the building. Ram accepted the challenge and places a mirror on ground level to determine
the height of building .He is standing at a certain distance so that he can see the top of the building
reflected from mirror. Ram’s eye level is at 1.8m above the ground. The distance of Ram from the
mirror and that of building from mirror are 1.5m and 2.5m respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the questions:

(i) Name the triangles which are similar and also mentioned which criterion of similarity is
applied here?
(ii) What is the height of the building?
(iii) If ∆ ABM and ∆CDA are similar where CD = 6cm, MD = 8 cm and BM = 24cm, then
find the length of AB?

**Q50. Two hotels are at the ground level near to a mountain. On moving a certain distance toward
the top of the mountain two huts are situated as shown in the figure. The ratio between the distance
from hotel B to Hut-2 and that of Hut-2 to mountain top is 3:7.

Based on the above information, answer the questions:

(i) What is the distance between the hotel A and Hut-1?
(ii) If the horizontal distance between the Hut-1 and Hut-2 is 8miles, then find the distance
between two hotels?
(iii) If the distance from mountain top to Hut-1 is 5miles more than that of distance from hotel
B to mountain top, then what is the distance between Hut-2 and mountain top?

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ANSWER KEY
CHAPTER-6 TRIANGLES
SECTION A
QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER
1 D 6 D 11 A
2 C 7 C 12 C
3 D 8 C 13 B
4 C 9 A 14 B
5 C 10 B 15 B

SECTION B SECTION C
QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER
16 14 cm. 3cm.
26
17 24m 7
27 -
18 3 cm 3
28 55/3cm
19 6cm
29 1.8cm
20 5cm
30 P = 40°

SECTION D
QUESTION ANSWER
36 ∠DOC=55º,∠DCO =55º and ∠OAB = 55º

37 21m
38 1.6 m long

39 Height of the tree is 18.08 feet

40 100º
41 10m

CASE BASED QUESTIOS

46.(i) CO/DO 47.(i) 155º 48. (i) 3m

(ii) 6cm (ii) 105º (ii) 7cm
(iii) Prove (iii) 3cm (iii) 90m2
49. (i)- ∆ABM and ∆CDM, AA Criterion. 50. (i) 4.29 miles
(ii) 3cm (ii) 11.43 miles
(iii) 18cm (iii) 3.5miles

******

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MATHEMATICS / X / 2023-24/RO-RANCHI

CHAPTER -7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Prepared by- Mrs Preety
TGT (MATHS)
KV Bhurkunda (Ranchi)

Important Notes

❖ Two perpendicular number lines intersecting at origin are called co-ordinate axes. The
horizontal line is the X-axis and the vertical line is Y-axis.
❖ The point of intersection of X-axis and Y-axis is called origin and denoted by O.
❖ Cartesian plane is a plane obtained by putting the co-ordinate axes perpendicular to each other
in the plane. It is also called co-ordinate plane of XY -plane.

❖ The axes divide the cartesian plane

into four parts called quadrants as shown above.

DISTANCE FORMULA:
❖ The distance between two points P and Q is calculated by distance formula (using pythagoras
theorem in right angled triangle).

Problems based on distance formula

• To show that a given figure is a

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• Parallelogram – prove that the opposite sides are equal

• Rectangle – prove that the opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.

• Parallelogram but not rectangle – prove that the opposite sides are equal and the
diagonals are not equal. • Rhombus – prove that the four sides are equal

• Square – prove that the four sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.

• Rhombus but not square – prove that the four sides are equal and the diagonals are not
equal.

• Isosceles triangle – prove any two sides are equal.

• Equilateral triangle – prove that all three sides are equal. • Right triangle – prove that sides
of triangle satisfy Pythagoras theorem.

 DISTANCE OF A POINT P (X,Y) FROM ORIGIN.

Since coordinate of origin is (0,0), Then by applying distance formula, distance from
P(x,y ) is OP = √𝑿𝟐 + 𝒀𝟐

❖ Three points A , B and C are collinear if the distance

AB, BC and CA are such that the sum of two distances is equal to the third.

 Three points A,B and C are vertices of an

equilateral triangle if AB=BC=AC.

 Three points A,B and C are vertices of an

isosceles triangle if AB=BC or BC=AC or AC=AB.

❖ For the given four points A,B,C and D:

1. If AB=BC=CD=DA; AC=BD ,
then ABCD is a square.
2. If AB=BC=CD=DA; AC≠BD,
Then ABCD is a rhombus.
3. If AB=CD, BC=DA , then ABCD
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Is a rectangle.
4. If AB=CD,BC=DA ; AC≠BD,
Then ABCD is a parallelogram.

❖ Diagonals of rhombus, square, rectangle and parallelogram always bisect each other.
❖ Diagonals of rhombus and square bisect each other at right angles.

SECTION FORMULA:

 If the ratio in which P divides AB is k : 1, then the coordinates of the point P will be

 Special Case : The mid-point of a line segment divides the line segment in the ratio 1 : 1.
Therefore, the coordinates of the mid-point P of the join of the points
A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is

 CENTROID OF TRIANGLE: The centroid of a triangle is the center of the triangle. It is

referred to as the point of concurrency of medians of a triangle.

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The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and C (x3, y3), then centroid
C (x, y) of given triangle ABC can be find out using,

Q. If (a/3, 4) is the mid-point of the segment joining the points P(-6, 5) and R(-2, 3), then the value
of ‘a’ is

(a) 12 (b) -6 (c) -12 (d) -4

Answer: c

Explanation:

Q..The points (1,1), (-2, 7) and (3, -3) are *

(a) vertices of an equilateral triangle (b) collinear

(c) vertices of an isosceles triangle (d) none of these

Answer: b

Explanation: Reason: Let A(1, 1), B(-2, 7) and C(3, 3) are the given points, Then, we have

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Lets practice some MCQ’s

1. The distance of the point P (2, 3) from the x-axis is

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 5

2. The distance between the point P(1, 4) and Q(4, 0) is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 3√3

3. The points (-5, 1), (1, p) and (4, -2) are collinear if the value of p is

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) -1

4. The distance of the point (α, β) from the origin is

(a) α + β (b) α² + β² (c) |α| + |β| (d) √(𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 )

5. The line 3x + y – 9 = 0 divides the line joining the points (1, 3) and (2, 7) internally in the ratio

(a) 3 : 4 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 2 : 3 (d) 4 : 3 **

6. The ratio of the distances of point P(3, 4) from origin to that from y-axis is

(a) 3:5 (b) 5:3 (c) 5:4 (d) 3:4

MCQ Answer key:

1.(b) 2. (b) 3.(d) 4.(d) 5.(a) 6.(c)

Q. Find distance between A (10 cos θ, 0) and B (0, 10 sin θ). *

Answer:

Q. Find the coordinates of reflection of Q (- 1, -3) in x-axis.

Answer:

Reflection of Q(- 1, – 3) is (- 1, 3)

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Q. Find the fourth vertex of parallelogram ABCD

whose three vertices are A(- 2, 3), B(6, 7) and C(8, 3).

Answer:

Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other,

mid-point of AC = mid-point of BD***

Lets practice

Very short answer type questions

1. If the point (0, 2) is equidistant from the points (3, k) and (k, 5), find the value of k.

2. Find the ratio in which y-axis divides the line segment joining the points A(5, -6) and

B (-1, -4). Also find the coordinates of the point of division.

3. Let P and Q be the points of trisection of the line segment joining the points A(2, -2) and

B(-7, 4) such that P is nearer to A. Find the coordinates of P and Q.

4. Find the ratio in which P(4, m) divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 3) and B(6, -3).

Hence find m. *

5. Point A(- 1, y) and B(5, 7) lie on a circle with centre 0(2, -3y). Find the values of y. Hence find the

radius of the circle. **

6. The x-coordinate of a point P is twice its y-coordinate. If P is equidistant from Q(2, – 5) and

R(-3,6), find the coordinates of P.*

Short answer type questions

7. AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A(0, 4), O(0, 0) and B(3, 0). Find the length of its

diagonal .
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8.Prove that the points (3, 0), (6, 4) and (-1, 3) are the vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle.
***

9. If (1,p/3) is the mid point of the line segment joining the points (2, 0) and (0,2/9), then show that

the line 5x + 3y + 2 = 0 passes through the point (- 1, 3p). ***

10. The vertices of a triangle are (- 2, 0), (2, 3) and (1, – 3). Is the triangle equilateral, isosceles or

scalene? ***

11. If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A(a + b, b – a) and B(a – b, a + b).

Prove that bx = ay.

Long answer type questions

12. Show that ∆ABC, where A(-2, 0), B(2, 0), C(0, 2) and ∆ PQR where P(- 4, 0), Q(4, 0),

R (0, 4) are similar triangles. ***

13. if A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, find the values

of a and b. Hence find the lengths of its sides.

Case study based questions

Q. Ayush starts walking from his house to office. Instead of going to the office directly, he goes
to a bank first, from there to his daughter’s school and then reaches the office. ( assume that all
distances covered are in straight lines and co-ordinates are in km).
Answer the following questions:

14.what is the distance between house and bank?

15.what is the distance between the bank and

daughter’s school?

16. What is the total distance travelled

by ayush to reach the office?

17.what is the distance between house

and office?

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Q. A tiling or tessellation of a flat surface is the covering of a plane using one or more geometric
shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps. Historically, tessellations were used in ancient
Rome and in Islamic art. You may find tessellation patterns on floors, walls, paintings etc. Shown
below is a tiled floor in the archaeological Museum of Seville, made using squares, triangles and
hexagons.

A craftsman thought of making a floor pattern after being inspired by the above design. To
ensure accuracy in his work, he made the pattern on the Cartesian plane. He used regular
octagons, squares and triangles for his floor tessellation pattern. Use the above figure to answer
the questions that follow:

18. What is the length of the line segment joining points B and F?

19. The centre ‘Z’ of the figure will be the point of intersection of the diagonals of quadrilateral WXOP.
Then what are the coordinates of Z?

20. What are the coordinates of the point on y axis equidistant from A and G?
OR
What is the area of area of Trapezium AFGH

Q. To conduct Sport Day activities, in

your rectangular shaped school ground
ABCD, lines have been drawn with
chalk powder at a distance of 1m each.
80 flower pots have been placed at a
distance of 1 m from each other along
AD, as shown in figure Hannah runs 1/4
th the distance AD in the 2nd line and
posts a blue flag. Preeta runs 1/5 th the
distance AD on the 8th line and posts a
green flag.
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21. What is the distance between both the flags?

22. If Uthara has to post an orange flag exactly halfway between the line segment joining the two flags,
where should she post her flag?

23. Which mathematical concept is used in the above problem?

24. What value is depicted in this problem?

25. Two friends Dalvin and Alice works in the same office in Toronto. In the Christmas vacation, they both
decided to go to their home towns represented by Town X and Town Y. Town X and Town Y are connected
by trains from the same station C in Toronto. The situation of Town X, Town Y and station A is shown on the
coordinate axis.

Based on the given situation, answer the following questions:

i. What is the distance that Dalvin have to travel to reach his hometown X ?

(a) √51 units (b) √53 units (c) √35 units (d) √47 units

ii. What is the distance that Alice has to travel to reach her hometown Y?

(a) 2√26 units (b) √107 units (c) 2√10 units (d) √51 units

iii. Now, both of them plan to meet at a place between Town X and Town Y, such that it is a mid-point
between both. Calculate the coordinates of the mid-point of X and Y.

(a) (1, 3) (b) (2, - 4) (c) (2.5,3) (d) (3.5, 4)

iv. While travelling from A to Y, Alice had to change the train, at a station, it divides the line AY in
the ratio of 2: 3, find the position of station on the grid.

(a) (0, 7 9 ) (b) (− 11 5 , 24 5 ) (c) ( 11 8 , 17 3 ) (d) (12, 7)

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CHAPTER- 7 Answer key

1. k = 1. 2 . -13/3 3. (-1,0) and (-4,2) 4. m=0

5. 5 units 6. (16,8) 7. 5 units 10. scalene triangle

13..a=1,b=1; length of each side √10 units

14. 5km 15. 10km 16. 27km 17. 24.6km

18.√58 units 19.(-½ ,11/2) 20. (0, 5.7) or 10 square units

21. √61m 22. Co-ordinate Geometry 23. (5, 45 2 ) 24. Team Spirit

25 . (i) (b) √53 units (ii) (a) 2√26 units (iii) (d) (3.5, 4) (iv) (b) (− 11/5 , 24/5 )

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