I.
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS
I. 1 SELECTING REPEATER LOCATIONS
TYPE: REPEATER STATION
ADDRESS OF THE TOWER LOCATION:
W SERVICE RD. TAGUIG CITY
COORDINATES:
LATITUDE: 14’ 30’ 42.65’’ N
LONGITUDE: 121’ 01’ 51.67’’ E
FIGURE 1: TAGUIG REPEATER STATION
When the Spaniards conquered mainland Luzon in 1571 during
the Legazpi expedition, Taguig was one of the earliest known places
to have been Christianized. The National Capital Region's
landlocked, highly urbanized metropolis of Taguig. 17.46 square
miles or 45.21 square kilometers make up the land area of the city.
886,722 people were living there as of the 2020 Census. This
accounted for 6.58% of the National Capital Region's overall
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
population. These numbers allow us to calculate the population
density at 19,613 people per square kilometer, or 50,786 people
per square mile.
The Bonifacio Global City, also known as BGC, is located in
Taguig and is the second-most significant business zone in Metro
Manila as well as a popular tourist, dining, shopping, and
entertainment hub. The Manila American Cemetery and the upscale
neighborhood of McKinley Hill are further attractions.
I. 2 SELECTING REPEATER LOCATIONS
TYPE: REPEATER STATION
ADDRESS OF THE TOWER LOCATION:
DAANG RADYAL BLG. 2, IMUS CITY CAVITE
COORDINATES:
LATITUDE: 14’ 23’ 51.71’’ N
LONGITUDE: 120’ 56’ 25.23’’ E
FIGURE 2: IMUS CITY CAVITE REPEATER STATION
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
One of the earliest administrative divisions in Cavite is
Imus, previously a "visita" of Cavite Viejo (now Kawit). The
coastal province of Cavite has the landlocked component city of
Imus. The provincial capital is housed there. 11.25% of Cavite's
total area, or 171.66 square kilometers, or 66.28 square miles, is
made up by the city. 496 794 people were living there as of the
2020 Census. This was equivalent to 3.07% of the whole
population of the CALABARZON area or 11.43% of the entire Cavite
province's population. These numbers are used to calculate the
population density, which is 2,894 people per square kilometer or
7,495 people per square mile. The Imus Cathedral, Imus City Plaza,
and Imus Heritage Site are a few of the city's heritage sites that
showcase its extensive past.
It is one of the most well-known cities in Cavite for
encompassing history and economic development. Moreover, Imus is
also recognized as the Flag Capital, as it was where the Philippine
Flag was first unfolded and raised during the course of the Battle
of Alapan.
I.3 SELECTION OF MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING FREQUENCY
BAND
The frequency planning objective is to assign frequencies to a
network using as few frequencies as possible and in a manner such
that the quality and availability of the radio- link path is
minimally affected by interference.
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
Frequency planning of few paths can be carried out manually but,
for larger networks, it is highly recommended to employ a software
transmission design tool. This tool may include ITU standards,
different diversity schemes, diffraction and reflection ( multi-
path) analysis, rain effects, interference analysis, etc. right
selection of a frequency band allows the required band transmission
capacity while efficiently utilizing the available radio spectrum.
The figure below gives an idea of which frequency may be used for
a path length.
TABLE 1: OPERATING FREQUENCY BAND AND FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT
CHANNEL FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT
ANTIPOLO CITY TAGUIG REPEATER IMUS, CAVITE
TERMINAL STATION TO IMUS, TERMINAL
STATION TO CAVITE TERMINAL STATION TO
TAGUIG CITY STATION
MUNTINLUPA
REPEATER
REPEATER
STATION
STATION
PATH LENGTH in 16 16 11
KM
FREQUENCY BAND in 6.425 – 7.125
GHz
LOWER BAND 6.425 - 6.775 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
UPPER BAND 6.775 - 7.125 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
DUPLEX SPACING 340
IN MHz
CHANNEL BANDWIDTH 40 MHz
TRANSMIT 6460 MHz 6840 MHz 6540 MHz
FREQUENCY (1) (2’) (3)
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
RECEIVE 6800 MHz 6500 MHz 6880 MHz
FREQUENCY (1’) (2) (3’)
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
CHANNEL FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT
MUNTINLUPA CALAMBA, LAGUNA LIPA CITY
REPEATER REPEATER
TERMINAL
STATION TO STATION TO
CALAMBA, STATION TO BATANGAS
LAGUNA CITY
LIPA CITY REPEATER
TERMINAL TERMINAL
STATION STATION STATION
PATH LENGTH in 23 27.2 24.8
KM
FREQUENCY BAND in 6.425 – 7.125
GHz
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
LOWER BAND 6.425 - 6.775 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
UPPER BAND 6.775 - 7.125 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
DUPLEX SPACING 340
IN MHz
CHANNEL BANDWIDTH 40 MHz
TRANSMIT 6920 MHz (4’) 6620 MHz (5) 7000 MHz (6)
FREQUENCY
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
RECEIVE 6580 MHz (4) 6960 MHz (5’) 6660 MHz (6’)
FREQUENCY
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
TABLE 2: AVIAT ODU 600 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
FREQUENCY BAND 6.425-7.125
TRANSMIT POWER (256-QAM) 30.0 dBm
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY (256- -68.50 dBm
QAM, 10^-6 BER)
SYSTEM GAIN 98.50 dB
SYSTEM CAPACITY 233 Mbit/s
I.4 SELECTION OF PARABOLIC ANTENNA
Antennas use for microwaves (1GHZ-300300GHz) must be highly
directive. an antenna has an apparent game because it concentrates
the radiated power in a narrow beam rather than sending it
uniformly in all directions, and the beam width decreases with
increases in antenna gain.
Microwave antennas ordinarily have power beam widths on the
order of 1 degree or less. A narrow beam width minimizes the effects
interference from outside sources and adjacent antennas. however,
line-of-sight transmissions, such as with microwave radio, a narrow
beam width imposes several limitations such as mechanical stability
and fading, which can lead to problems in antenna lineup. highly
directional antennas are used with point to point microwave system
that by focusing the radio frequency into a narrow beam that can
be directed forward the receiving antenna, transmitting antenna
can increase the effective radiated power by several orders of
magnitude over
that of non directional antenna.
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
The most common type of antenna used for microwave
transmission and reception is the parabolic reflector antennas. A
parabolic antenna consists of parabolic reflector eliminated with
microwave energy radiated by a fed system located at the focus
point. the microwave system selects a parabolic antenna with a
model name HX6-6W-4WH from COMMSCOPE Andrew Solutions which is 1.8
m | 6 ft parabolic antenna.
TABLE 3: PARABOLIC ANTENNA TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATING FREQUENCY 6.425-7.125
GAIN, TOP BAND 39.9 dBi
GAIN, MID BAND 39.1 dBi
GAIN, LOW BAND 38.3 dBi
FRONT TO BACK RATIO 70 dB
BEAMWIDTH, HORIZONTAL 1.8°
BEAMWIDTH, VERTICAL 1.8°
II. PATH PROFILING
II.1 PATH PROFILE FOR LIPA CITY REPEATER STATION TO BATANGAS CITY
TERMINAL STATION
FIGURE 3: TOWER LOCATION and LINE OF SIGHT PATH FOR TAGUIG
TERMINAL STATION TO IMUS TERMINAL STATION
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
TABLE 4: PATH PROFILE FOR TAGUIG CITY TERMINAL STATION TO IMUS
CITY REPEATER STATION.
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Path Elevation Earth Curvature Ground Elevation
Obstruction Height Line of Sight Larger 1st Fresnel
60% 1st Fresnel Los + F1 Los - F1
Los + .6F1 Los - .6F1
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
FIGURE 4: TOWER LOCATION AND LINE OF SIGHT PATH FOR TAGUIG CITY
TERMINAL STATION TO IMUS CITY REPEATER STATION
II.1 PATH SURVEY
The microwave system is designed to operate with one hop
consisting of one repeater and one terminal station place in the
Imus City and Taguig City. The two tower stations are
constructed within a built-up area. The hop is a microwave link
between Imus and Taguig City at a distance of 16 km. The
microwave beam passes ricefield and urban areas.
The path elevation, earth curvature, ground elevation, trees and
buildings, and obstruction height are considered to determine the
antenna height.
II.2 PATH REFLECTION AND MITIGATION
Multi-path reflections occur when there are reflection points for
a given path has a reflection surface that can be “seen” by both
antennas. Multi-path reflected signals frequently cause problems
in wireless system that have been implemented without proper path
engineering. When people don’t understand path engineering, they
often believe that providing a “line-of-sight” path between the
two antennas is the only requirement. To avoid path obstructions,
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
they simply install the antennas as high as possible, hoping to
overcome any obstacles, while avoiding the
cost of system engineering, it produces a system with
unpredictable multi-path outages and susceptibility to
interference from other systems in the area.
For the system design, path reflection is mitigated by considering
the possible reflection points in each hop.
Reflective surfaces covered by obstructions along the path are
not considered,since the reflected signal will not affect the
normal received signal. Most of the reflective points
considered are the peaks of obstructions, as seen in the graphs
below.
FIGURE 5: PATH REFLECTION FOR TAGUIG CITY TERMINAL STATION TO
IMUS REPEATER STATION.
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Path Elevation Earth Curvature Ground Elevation
Obstruction Height Line of Sight Reflection
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
II.4 BEAM ALIGNMENT
II.4.1 LOOK ANGLES FOR TAGUIG CITY TERMINAL STATION TO
IMUS CITY REPEATER STATION
TABLE 5: LOOK ANGLES FOR TAGUIG CITY TRMINAL STATION TO IMUS
CITY REPEATER STATION
LOOK ANGLES
TAGUIG CITY TERMINAL STATION
TO IMUS CITY REPEATER STATION
ANGLE OF ELEVATION 0’ 0’’ 4.7808
AZIMUTH ANGLE SITE A
N '152° 18 ' 30.0816" E
SITE B
E' 27° 27 ' 52.7688’’N"
FIGURE 6: LOOK ANGLES FOR TAGUIG CITY TERMINAL STATION TO IMUS
CITY REPEATER STATION
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
III. LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS
TABLE 6: POWER BUDGET FOR TAGUIG CITY TERMINAL STATION TO IMUS
CITY REPEATER STATION
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
IV. PATH RELIABILITY
DOCUMENTATION:
Alipio, Aquino, Capulong, Cuenco, Cunanan, Nuguid
