SECTION B- COMPUTER BASICS PART 1

Question.1
Define.
• Footnote
• Format painter
• Clipboard
• Thesaurus
• Clip art

Footnote:-
A footnote is a reference or explanatory note placed at the bottom of a page in a document or book. Footnotes are
often used to provide additional information or to cite sources for specific statements or ideas in the text. They are
usually marked with a superscript number or symbol in the text, which corresponds to a corresponding number or
symbol at the bottom of the page where the footnote appears. Footnotes are commonly used in academic writing and
can help readers better understand the content of a text by providing additional context or details.

Format painter:- Format Painter is a feature in many software programs, including Microsoft Word, Excel, and
PowerPoint, that allows users to quickly copy formatting from one section of text or object to another.

To use Format Painter, you first select the text or object that has the desired formatting. Then, you click on the Format
Painter button, which is usually located in the Home tab of the ribbon or toolbar. Once the Format Painter button is
activated, you can then click and drag over the text or object that you want to apply the formatting to. The selected
text or object will then be formatted with the same style, font, color, and other formatting features as the original
selection.

The use of Format Painter can save time and effort when formatting a document or presentation, as it eliminates the
need to manually adjust each element individually.

Clipboard:- In computing, the clipboard is a temporary storage area in a computer's memory that allows users to
copy and paste or cut and paste data between applications or within the same application. The clipboard can hold only
one item at a time, so copying or cutting something else will replace the previous content. Some applications also offer
a clipboard history feature that allows users to store multiple items in the clipboard and access them later.

Thesaurus:- A thesaurus is a reference book or software tool that provides synonyms (words with similar meanings)
and sometimes antonyms (words with opposite meanings) for a given word. It is designed to help writers, students,
and other users expand their vocabulary and improve their writing by suggesting alternative words that may be more
appropriate or effective in a particular context.

Clipart:- Clipart refers to images, illustrations, and other graphical elements that are pre-made and can be easily
inserted into documents, presentations, or other projects.

Clipart is often used to enhance the visual appeal of a document or to convey an idea or concept more effectively.
Clipart may include simple icons, symbols, or more complex illustrations of objects, animals, or people. It can be found
in a variety of formats, including digital images, vector graphics, and animations.

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Question 2. what is MS excel and describe its features?

Microsoft Excel is a popular spreadsheet software developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is widely used for creating,
editing, and managing data in tabular form. Excel has various features that make it a powerful tool for managing and
analyzing data. Some of its main features include:

1. Spreadsheet creation: Excel allows users to create spreadsheets by organizing data in rows and columns. Users
can also format cells, apply styles, and create charts to present data in a visually appealing way.

2. Data analysis: Excel provides tools for data analysis, including functions and formulas, data validation,
conditional formatting, and PivotTables. These features help users to manipulate data and make informed decisions.

3. Collaboration: Excel allows multiple users to work on the same document simultaneously, making it easy to
collaborate on projects. Users can also share spreadsheets via email or cloud storage services like OneDrive or
SharePoint.

4. Macros: Excel allows users to automate repetitive tasks using macros. Macros are recorded sequences of
commands that can be executed with a single click.

5. Customization: Excel is highly customizable, with options to create custom functions, add-ins, and templates.
Users can also modify the interface to suit their preferences.

6. Integration: Excel can integrate with other Microsoft Office applications, such as Word and PowerPoint, as well
as other third-party software. This allows users to import and export data easily between different applications.

Multimedia refers to the use of multiple forms of media, such as text, audio, images, and video, to convey information
or entertainment. Multimedia can be used in a wide range of applications, incl

Overall, Microsoft Excel is a versatile and powerful tool for managing and analyzing data, making it an essential tool for
businesses, academics, and individuals.

Question:- 3 what is multimedia? how it is used in PPT.

Multimedia refers to the use of multiple forms of media, such as text, audio, images, and video, to convey information
or entertainment. Multimedia can be used in a wide range of applications, including presentations, advertising,
education, and entertainment.

In a PowerPoint presentation (PPT), multimedia elements can be used to make the presentation more engaging and
effective. For example, images and graphics can be added to help illustrate key points, while audio and video clips can
be used to add interest and interactivity to the presentation. Animations and transitions can also be used to create a
dynamic and visually appealing presentation.

Multimedia can be used in a variety of ways in a PPT, depending on the goals of the presentation and the audience.
For example, multimedia elements can be used to:

• Illustrate complex concepts or data

• Provide examples or case studies

• Add visual interest and appeal to the presentation

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• Create interactive elements for audience engagement

• Provide additional information or context to the presentation

Overall, the use of multimedia in a PPT can help make the presentation more engaging, informative, and memorable
for the audience.

Question:-4 Explain any 5 uses of PPT.

• PPT (PowerPoint) is a software program developed by Microsoft that enables users to create visual
presentations. Here are five common uses for PPT:

• Business presentations: PPT is commonly used in business settings to create presentations for meetings,
conferences, and sales pitches. PPT enables users to easily incorporate visual aids, such as images, graphs, and
charts, to help communicate their ideas and data.

• Educational presentations: PPT is often used in educational settings to create classroom presentations and
lectures. Teachers and professors can use PPT to supplement their lessons with images, videos, and interactive
elements, which can help students better understand the material.

• Marketing presentations: PPT is a popular tool for creating marketing presentations, such as product demos
and advertising pitches. PPT allows users to create visually appealing presentations that can help sell products
and services.

• Personal presentations: PPT can also be used for personal projects, such as creating photo slideshows or
digital scrapbooks. Users can use PPT to add visual elements to their presentations, making them more
engaging and interesting.

• Training presentations: PPT can be used to create training materials, such as employee on boarding
presentations or instructional videos. PPT can help trainers and educators create effective training materials
that are easy to follow and understand.

Question 5:- What is difference between word art and smart art.
Answer:-
Basic Word art Smart art
1.meaning WordArt is a gallery of text styles that A SmartArt graphic is a visual
you can add to your publications to representation of your information and
create decorative effects, such as ideas. You create one by choosing a layout
shadowed or mirrored (reflected) that fits your message.
text. You can use WordArt to add
special text effects to your document.
2.types Painting , sculpture, literature, List, process,
architecture.

Question 6 :- What is the difference between cut paste and copy paste.

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Basic Cut paste Copy paste

1.meaning Cut Paste is an option that allows the Copy Paste is an option that allows the
user to remove content from the user to place content into a new location
document and place it in some other without affecting the original content.
location of the same document or in a
different document. On the other
hand.
2.Option Option that allows the users to An option that allows the users to place
remove content from the document content into a new location without
and place it in some other location of affecting the original content.
the same document or in a different
document.
3.shortcut Cut: Ctrl+X Copy: ctrl+C
key Paste: ctrl+V Paste: ctrl+V

4.remove Will remove the original content from Will not remove the original content from
the document. the document.
5.conculsion Cut Paste will remove the original Copy Paste inserts the content to a new
content from the document and place location without removing the
it in a new location original content.

Question:-7 what is difference between clip art and word art.

Basic Clip art Word art

1.meaning Clipart contains readily available WordArt is a gallery of text styles that
graphical images in different you can add to your publications to
categories. It consists of colorful create decorative effects, such as
images with rich graphics. shadowed or mirrored (reflected) text.
You can use WordArt to add special
text effects to your document.
2. location It is located in insert menu- text It is located in insert menu-illustration
group group.
3.Animation Clipart is an animated pictures. Word art is like animated words.
4 picture or Clip art is a collection of image. Word art is designed text.
words

Question :-8 what is orientation? What are its types?

Page Orientation is a very useful tool provided by MS-Word to its users. It is used when you print your pages. Basically,
there are two types of page orientation in MS-Word.

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Page Orientation is a very useful tool provided by MS-Word to its users. It is used when you print your pages. Basically,
there are two types of page orientation in MS-Word.Portrait page orientation:- In this, the width of the page is 8.5
inches and the height of the page is 11 inches. So, the height is more than the width and the page is 8.5 inches × 11
inches.Landscape page Orientation: In this, the width of the page is 11 inches and the height of the page is 8.5 inches.
So, the width is more than the height and the page is 11 inches × 8.5 inches.

So, there are two changes in page orientation that can be done. In this article we will learn about these two-page
orientations, which are:

Change From Portrait to Landscape

Change from Landscape to Portrait

Change From Portrait to Landscape

By default, when we open MS-Word or in the general case, the page is in portrait orientation only. So, in this case, we
have to change the page orientation to Landscape orientation.

So, for performing this operation we will follow certain steps, in which instructions are given with a diagram for help.

Steps to follow:

Step 1: First open MS-Word on your PC.

Step 2: Now, Open the document or create a new one in which you want to perform this operation.

Step 3: Now, go to the “Page Layout” tab. (Shown in the below image)

Step 4: Now, In the Page Layout tab, go to the “Page Setup” section. (Shown in the image below)

Step 5: In Page Setup Section there is the option “Orientation“. Click on the Orientation button. (shown in the image
below) There are two options Portrait and Landscape. Select Landscape(As it is already in Portrait orientation)

Step 6: So, the Page orientation is successfully changed to Landscape.

Change from Landscape to Portrait

If the document or file is having Landscape page orientation. So, in this case, we have to change the page orientation
to Portrait orientation. So, for performing this operation we will follow certain steps, in which instructions are given
with a diagram for help.

Steps to follow:

Step 1: First open MS-Word on your PC.

Step 2: Now, Open the document or create a new one in which you want to perform this operation.

Step 3: Now, go to the “Page Layout” tab. (Shown in the below image)

Step 4: Now, In the Page Layout tab, go to the “Page Setup” section. (Shown in the image below)

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Step 5: In Page Setup Section there is the option “Orientation“. Click on the Orientation button. (shown in the image
below) There is two option Portrait and Landscape. Select Portrait (As it is already in Landscape orientation)

Step 6: So, the Page orientation is successfully changed to Portrait.

Question:-9 What are difference views available in power point.

In Microsoft PowerPoint, there are several different views available that allow you to work on your presentation in
different ways. The main views available in PowerPoint are:

• Normal view: This is the default view in PowerPoint, where you can create, edit and format your slides.

• Slide Sorter view: This view displays all the slides in the presentation in a thumbnail format, allowing you to
easily reorder, duplicate, or delete slides.

• Notes Page view: This view displays the slide with speaker notes below it, allowing you to add additional
information that can be referred to during a presentation.

• Reading view: This view displays your presentation in full-screen mode, with navigation and editing tools
hidden, so you can preview your presentation as it would appear during a presentation.

• Slide Show view: This view displays your presentation as a slide show, with animations and transitions applied,
allowing you to rehearse or deliver your presentation.

• Master view: This view allows you to edit the slide master and other layout elements that are applied to all
slides in the presentation.

Question:-10 What is booting? What are the different types of paragraph alignment in MS
word.
Booting happens when you start the computer. This happens when we turned ON the power or the computer restarts.
The system BIOS (Basic Input/output System) makes the peripheral devices active. Further, it requires that the boot
device loads the operating system into the main memory.

Alignment:- This is one of the features provided by MS-Word to its user. This feature is used by the user to align text or
paragraphs so that it gives a good look or a kind of systematic look. There are 4 types of text alignments which are left-
aligned, center-aligned, right-aligned, and justified.

There are four types of alignment:-

eft alignment Centered Right alignment Justify alignment

alignment

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1. Left alignment:- A paragraph or a text is left-aligned when that paragraph or text is aligned evenly along the left
margin of the page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a paragraph
text left-aligned.
Shortcut key:- ctrl+L
2. Right alignment:- A paragraph’s text is said to be right-aligned when it is aligned evenly along the right margin of the
page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a paragraph text right-aligned.
Shortcut
Centered alignment:- A paragraph’s key:-ctrl+R
text or a text will be center-aligned if the paragraph or text is in the center of the
left and right margins of the page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a
paragraph text center-aligned.
Shortcut key:-ctrl+E
4. Justify alignment:- A paragraph’s text is said to be justified when it is aligned evenly along both the left side and the
right side margins of the page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a
paragraph text justified. Shortcut key:-ctrl+J

Question:-11 Explain any 5 function in excel.

1. SUM Function
The SUM function allows you to add 2 or more numbers together. Sum function can be directly applied to sets of
numbers separated by a comma, two or more cells separated by comma or selecting a range of cells. Let us discuss it
in more detail.

1. Adding 2 or more values/cells separated by a comma:

First, let us understand adding 2 or more numeric values separated by a comma. For example, let us add 25+35+24.

In the Excel sheet put the equal sign and then write SUM and open a bracket and put above three values separated by
a comma and then close the bracket and press enter. Excel will calculate and give us the total.

Formula: =SUM(25,35,24)

For using SUM formula for two or more cells separated by a comma instead of putting numeric value us need to put
cell. =SUM(B2,B3,B4).

Adding a range of cells :

The keyboard shortcut for using SUM function for a range of cells is Alter + Equal (ALT + =). Press both together and it
will automatically add the whole range of cells above the formula. We can also select range as required.

Or

Formula: =SUM(B2:B7)

The range of cells here is B2 to B7. It is separated by the “: ” sign.

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2. COUNT Function
The count function counts the number of cells containing numbers for a selected range. This formula only works with
numbers. It counts the cells where there are numbers. The formula for the count =COUNT(Cell Start: Cell End).

We can see the difference in the below image. On the left side, the result of the formula is 10 and on the right side,
the same formula shows the result as 9 because on the right side one cell contains the text.

count

Formula: =COUNT(A1: A1O)

3. COUNTA Function
This function counts the number of non-empty cells in a selected range. It will count cells that have numbers and/or
any other characters in them.

Formula: =COUNTA(A1: A1O)

It counts the number of non-empty cells no matter whatever the data type maybe.

counta

counta-1

4. LEN Function

The LEN formula counts the number of characters in a cell including spaces.

Formula: =LEN(B3)

Notice the difference in the formula results. 24 characters without spaces in between the words, 29 with spaces
between the words.

5. TRIM Function
This TRIM function is useful for removing extra spaces in a cell whether at the beginning, trailing or anywhere between
the words.

Often when you pull data from a database you may find some extra spaces are put in behind or in front of legitimate
data.

This can create huge discrepancies if you are trying to compare using IF statements or VLOOKUP’s.

Formula: =TRIM(A1)

trim

6. RIGHT, LEFT and MID function

These RIGHT, LEFT and MID functions return the specified number of characters from a text string.

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RIGHT gives you the number of specified characters from the right of a text string. LEFT gives you the number of
specified characters from the left of a text string. MID gives you the number of specified characters from the middle of
a text string.

=RIGHT(Text or Cell reference, number of characters you want to look for)

=LEFT(Text or Cell reference, number of characters you want to look for) and

=MID(Text or Cell reference, Start Number, number of characters you want to look for)

right-left-and-mid

Question:- 12 What is charts. What are its components?

The chart components include area, bar, horizontal bar, bubble, combination, line, pie, scatter, and spark charts. The
chapter defines the data requirements, tag structure, and options for customizing the look and behavior of these
components

The different components of a chart are:

Chart Area — Chart area includes all the area and objects in the chart.

Category Axis — Category axis or X-axis is the horizontal axis of a chart.

Value Axis — Value axis or Y-axis is the vertical axis used to plot the values. It is located at the left side.

Data Series — Data series are the bars, slices or other elements that show the data values. If there are multiple data
series in the chart, each will have a different colour or style.

Category Name — Category names are the labels, which are displayed on the X and Y-axis.

Plot Area — Plot area is a window within the Chart area. It contains the actual chart itself, and includes plotted data,
data series, category, and value axis.

Legend — It depicts the colors, patterns or symbols assigned to the data series. It helps to differentiate the data.

Chart Title — It describes the aim and contents of the chart.

Gridlines — These can either be Horizontal or Vertical lines depending on the selected chart type. They extend across
the plot area of the chart. Gridlines make it easier to read and understand the values.

Questions:-13 what do you mean by custom animation in power point?

Custom animation is a feature in presentation software that lets you add special effects to individual elements on a
slide, like text boxes, images, and shapes. These effects can make your presentation more dynamic and engaging by
adding movement, sound, and visual effects.

To apply custom animation to your presentation, follow these steps:

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1. Open your presentation software and create a new slide or select the slide where you want to add custom
animation.

2. Choose the element that you want to animate, like a text box or image.

3. Go to the "Animations" tab in the menu bar and select "Add Animation".

4. Pick the type of animation you want to use for the element. There are lots of different types of animation to choose
from, such as "Entrance", "Exit", "Emphasis", and "Motion Paths".

5. Customize the animation by adjusting the settings, like the direction, duration, and delay. You can also add sound
effects, change the speed, and add triggers to control when the animation starts and stops.

6. Preview the animation to see how it looks and make any necessary adjustments.

7. Repeat the process for other elements on the slide or other slides in the presentation.

Questions:- 14 How can we insert & delete rows and columns in MS excel?
❖ To insert rows or columns in MS Excel:

1.Select the row or column where you want to insert a new row or column.
2.Right-click on the selected row or column and choose "Insert" from the drop-down menu.
3.Alternatively, you can click on the "Insert" option in the "Cells" group of the "Home" tab in the ribbon.
4.A new row or column will be inserted above or to the left of the selected row or column, shifting the existing
data down or to the right.
❖ To delete rows or columns in MS Excel:.

1. Select the row or column that you want to delete.

2. Right-click on the selected row or column and choose "Delete" from the drop-down menu.
3. Alternatively, you can click on the "Delete" option in the "Cells" group of the "Home" tab in the ribbon.
4. A confirmation dialog box will appear asking if you want to shift cells up, left, or delete entire row or column.
Choose the appropriate option and click "OK" to delete the row or column.

Note: Be careful when deleting rows or columns, as it can affect the structure of your data and formulas. Always make
sure to double-check your selection before deleting any data.

Question:- 15 Explain relative cell referencing?

Relative cell referencing is a way of referring to cells in a spreadsheet relative to the position of the cell that contains
the formula. In other words, the reference to the cell changes as the formula is copied or dragged to other cells in the
spreadsheet.

For example, if you have a formula in cell A1 that multiplies the value in cell B1 by the value in cell C1, the formula
might look like this: "=B1C1". If you copy this formula to cell A2, the formula will automatically adjust to "=B2C2",
because the cell references are relative to the location of the formula.

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In other words, the cell reference "B1" in the original formula is relative to the location of the formula in cell A1, so
when the formula is copied to cell A2, the reference is automatically adjusted to "B2" to reflect the new location of the
formula.

Relative cell referencing is particularly useful when you need to perform the same calculation on a range of cells,
because you can simply copy and paste the formula to apply it to the new cells, without having to manually adjust the
cell references in each formula.

Question:-16 Write various types of slide layout

1. Title Slide Layout: This slide layout includes a title and a subtitle, along with a simple background image or
color scheme.
2. Bullet Point Slide Layout: This slide layout features a title, followed by bullet points that convey important
information or key takeaways. This layout is commonly used in business presentations, lectures, and
educational settings.
3. Image Slide Layout: This slide layout focuses on an image, with or without a title or caption. This type of layout
is often used to showcase photographs, artwork, or other visual elements.
4. Comparison Slide Layout: This slide layout is designed to show a side-by-side comparison of two or more
items, such as features of products or services, or the pros and cons of different options.
5. Chart Slide Layout: This slide layout features a chart or graph, along with a title and possibly some explanatory
text. This type of layout is ideal for presenting data and statistics in a visually appealing way.
6. Timeline Slide Layout: This slide layout is used to display a series of events or milestones, usually in
chronological order. This type of layout is often used in history presentations, project plans, or marketing
campaigns.
7. Diagram Slide Layout: This slide layout features a diagram or flowchart, along with a title and possibly some
explanatory text. This type of layout is ideal for showing processes, workflows, or organizational structures.
8. Map Slide Layout: This slide layout focuses on a map or geographic location, along with a title and possibly
some additional information. This type of layout is often used in presentations about travel, geography, or
demographics.

Question:-17 What is purpose of Quick access toolbar?

The Quick Access Toolbar (QAT) is a customizable toolbar that appears above the ribbon in many Microsoft Office
applications such as Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. The purpose of the QAT is to provide quick access to frequently
used commands, functions, and options that are not available on the ribbon.

By default, the QAT includes basic commands such as Save, Undo, and Redo, but users can customize it by adding
any command from the ribbon or creating their own custom commands. This helps to streamline the workflow and
make it more efficient by reducing the need to navigate through multiple menus to find frequently used
commands.

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The QAT can be customized by right-clicking on any command in the ribbon and selecting "Add to Quick Access
Toolbar" or by clicking on the dropdown arrow on the right-hand side of the QAT and selecting "More
Commands."

Question:-18 What is drop cap features in MS Word. Define its steps?

A drop cap is a decorative element often used at the beginning of a paragraph to draw attention to the first letter of
the first word, which is usually larger than the surrounding text and drops down several lines. Microsoft Word offers a
feature to easily create drop caps in your documents.

❖ Here are the steps to add a drop cap in Microsoft Word:

1. Open your Word document and select the paragraph where you want to add the drop cap.
2. Click on the "Insert" tab in the top menu.
3. Click on the "Drop Cap" option in the "Text" section.
4. Select the type of drop cap you want from the options provided. Word offers three types: "Dropped," which
drops the first letter down two or more lines; "In Margin," which places the first letter in the margin; and
"Raised," which raises the first letter above the text.
5. You can also customize the font, size, and distance of the drop cap by selecting "Drop Cap Options" at the
bottom of the drop-down menu.
6. Once you have selected your preferred settings, click "OK" to apply the drop cap to your document.

Question:-19 What is filter? How do you set a filter?

Filters can be used to remove unwanted noise or interference from a signal, to smooth out fluctuations, or to isolate
specific features of the signal. Filters can be used to remove unwanted noise or interference from a signal, to smooth
out fluctuations, or to isolate specific features of the signal.

➢ Steps to set a filter:-

a. Identify what you want to filter: Determine what type of content or data you want to filter. This could be
emails, search results, social media posts, or anything else that you want to narrow down.

b. Determine the criteria for filtering: Decide what criteria you want to use to filter your content. This could
include keywords, dates, sender, subject line, or any other specific details that will help you narrow down the
content.

c. Access the filtering tool: Depending on what you are trying to filter, you may need to access a specific tool or
platform. For example, if you want to filter your email inbox, you would need to access your email client and
use its filtering options.

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d. Set the filter criteria: Once you have access to the filtering tool, set the criteria you identified in step 2. This
could involve entering keywords, selecting a date range, or choosing specific senders or recipients.

e. Apply the filter: After setting the filter criteria, apply the filter to your content or data. This will typically
involve clicking a button or selecting an option to apply the filter.

f. Review filtered content: Once the filter is applied, review the content or data that is left after filtering. If
needed, adjust the filter criteria to further refine your results.

Question:-20 What is difference between file and folder?

basic File Folder
1. meaning A computer resource for A directly that contains other files
recording data directly in a and folders.
computer storage device.
2.work File work as a container to store Folder works as a container to
data. store related files and folder.
3.extension Files have extension. Folder does not have an extension.
4.users User can create, read, modify, Users can create, rename, delete,
delete and rename files. and copy a folder.
5.copy User can copy data from one file Users can copy one folder to
to another file. another folder.

Question:-21 What is folder? Write the steps to create and rename folder?
In computers, a folder is the virtual location for applications, documents, data or other sub-folders. Folders help in
storing and organizing files and data in the computer. The term is most commonly used with graphical user interface
operating systems.

❖ Create a Folder
I. Open the drive or folder where you want to create a folder.
II. Click the Organize button on the toolbar, and then click new folder.
III. Click to view larger image.
IV. Right-click a blank area of the window, and then click new folder.
V. With the New Folder name selected, type a new name.
VI. Press Enter.

❖ Rename a folder
I. On your Android device, open Files by Google .

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II. On the bottom, tap Browse.

III. Under "Storage Devices," tap internal storage or Storage device.
IV. Select an option below: If you're on Grid view: Press and hold the file. Tap More.
V. Tap Rename.
VI. Enter a new name.
VII. Tap OK.

Question:-22 Explain the views in PowerPoint.

Power point offers different views for entering, editing and previewing your information.

1. Normal view: - Normal view displays there panes –the outline pane, the slide pane and the notes pane. The three
panes allow you to work on all aspects of the presentation in one place.

2. Outline view: - It is easy to rearrange the individual line items while in outline view and we can collapse items in this
view that you can see just heading or just the name of each slide.

3. Slide view: - Slide view shows you how your finished slide will look. You will see background colors or shades of Gray
so forth.

4. Slider sorter view:- Slide sorter view lets you see thumbnails (reduced size slide images), while in slide sorter view you
can drag slides to move them.

5. Note space view:- Use the note space view to create and see notes to the presenter. It shows a miniature slide image
and provides a text area for presenters note.

6. Slide show view:- Use the slide show view to help rehears or for actual video presentation of finished show when you
switch to slide show view, you will see the slide you were working on in the preview view to move forward press space
bar, click the primary mouse button or use right arrow to move forward and use left arrow to move backward.

Ques-23. What is electronic mail and What are the advantages of E mail over traditional
mail?
Ans-Electronic mail, commonly shortened to “email,” is a communication method that uses electronic devices to
deliver messages across computer networks. "Email" refers to both the delivery system and individual messages that
are sent and received.

❖ Advantages of E-mail :
I. E-mails provides faster and easy mean of communication. One can send message to any person at any place of
world by just clicking mouse.
II. Various folders and sub-folders can be created within inbox of mail, so it provide management of messages.
III. It is effective and cheap means of communication because single message can be send to multiple people at
same time.

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IV. E-mails are very easy to filter. User according to his/her priority can prioritize e-mail by specifying subject of e-
mail.
V. E-mail is not just only for textual message. One can send any kind of multimedia within mail.
VI. E-mail can be send at any hour of day, thus ensures timeliness of message.
VII. It is secure and reliable method to deliver our message.
VIII. It also provide facility for edition and formatting of textual messages.
IX. There is also facility of auto-responders in e-mail i.e. to send automated e-mails with certain text.
X. To write an e-mail there is no need of any kind of paper, thus it is environment friendly
E-mail.

Ques-24. What is E governance? Name the services through E governance

E-governance (electronic governance) refers to the use of electronic technology to improve and enhance the
efficiency, transparency, and effectiveness of government services and processes. It involves the use of internet-
based technologies, such as websites, portals, mobile apps, and other digital platforms to provide citizens with easy
and convenient access to government services.

Some of the services that can be provided through e-governance include:

1. Online registration of births, deaths, and marriages

2. Issuance of various certificates like caste, income, domicile, etc.
3. Payment of taxes and utility bills
4. Filing of applications for various government schemes and benefits
5. Access to government information and documents through online portals and websites
6. Online application and processing of passports, driving licenses, and other important documents
7. Electronic voting and online polling
8. Monitoring of government schemes and programs through online dashboards and data analytics
9. Online grievance redressal and complaint handling
10. Access to online legal and judicial services

Ques-25. What is use of word wrap in MS Word

In Microsoft Word, the "wrap" feature allows you to control how text wraps around an object or image. When you
insert an object, such as a picture or a chart, into a Word document, it will appear in-line with the text by default.
However, you can use the "wrap" feature to change the layout of the object so that the text will wrap around it in a
variety of ways.

For example, you might choose to wrap text tightly around an object so that it hugs its contours, or you might choose
to have the text flow around the object in a square or rectangular shape. You can also choose to have the text appear
above or below the object.

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By using the "wrap" feature in Microsoft Word, you can create more visually appealing and professional-looking
documents that make use of images and other objects.

Ques-26. i) Explain in how many ways you can save a document

We can save the document in Microsoft word in 3 ways:

a) By clicking File on the top left corner and then click save as after that browse the location where exactly you
want to save on your computer.
b) By just pressing Ctrl + S and then browse the location where you want to save.
c) By pressing F12 and then browse the location where you want to save.

Ques-26. ii) What is the difference between sort & filter in MS excel
Major differences between Sorting and Filtering

Sorting Filtering
Sorting rearranges data. Filtering selects data.
Sorting can be done in ascending or descending Filtering has various criteria that can be applied.
order.
Sorting is often used to make data easier to read. Filtering is used to find specific information.
Sorting affects the entire dataset. Filtering only affects the data that is displayed.
Sorting is a one-time action. Filtering can be adjusted and reapplied multiple
times.

Ques- 27. i) What is Hyperlink

In a website, a hyperlink (or link) is an item like a word or button that points to another location. When
you click on a link, the link will take you to the target of the link, which may be a webpage, document or other
online content. Websites use hyperlinks as a way to navigate online content

Ques-27. ii) How E mail is sent from one computer to another

Emails are sent from one computer to another using a simple process known as the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP). Here are the steps involved in sending an email:

a) Composing the Email: The sender writes the email message using an email client such as Outlook, Gmail, or
Apple Mail. The message is then saved in the sender's email application or sent immediately.

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b) Sender's SMTP Server: When the sender clicks on the send button, the email message is passed on to the
sender's Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server.
c) SMTP Server verifies the Recipient: The SMTP server verifies that the recipient's email address is valid and can
receive emails.
d) Message Delivery: The SMTP server then routes the email to the recipient's SMTP server. This is done by
looking up the recipient's domain name and using the Domain Name System (DNS) to find the IP address of
the recipient's SMTP server.
e) Recipient's SMTP Server: The recipient's SMTP server then accepts the email from the sender's SMTP server
and stores it temporarily until it is ready to be delivered to the recipient's email client

Ques- 28. i) What is E governance , what is it’s use

E-governance refers to the use of information and communication technology (ICT) tools and platforms to facilitate
government services and interactions with citizens, businesses, and other government agencies. It involves the
digitization of government processes and services to increase efficiency, transparency, and accountability.

The use of e-governance can bring a number of benefits, including:

• Improved efficiency: E-governance can help to streamline government processes and reduce the time and
cost associated with delivering government services.
• Increased transparency: By digitizing government processes and making them available online, e-governance
can increase transparency and accountability.
• Enhanced citizen engagement: E-governance can provide citizens with easier access to government services
and information, allowing them to participate more fully in the democratic process.
• Better service delivery: E-governance can help to improve the quality and accessibility of government
services, making them more user-friendly and responsive to citizen needs.

Ques-28. ii ) What is slide master in PowerPoint

A slide master in PowerPoint is a template that contains the default formatting and layout for all slides within a
presentation. It serves as a blueprint or design model that you can apply to all the slides in your presentation, helping
you create a consistent and professional look and feel.

By using a slide master, you can set the background color or image, add a logo or watermark, define the font styles
and sizes, and set the position and size of placeholders for text, images, and other content. Any changes made to the
slide master will be reflected in all the slides that use it, making it easy to make global changes to your presentation.

Using a slide master can save you time and effort, especially if you have a large presentation with many slides. By
defining the formatting and layout in one place, you can avoid having to manually format each slide, which can be
time-consuming and prone to errors.

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Ques -29. Define

a. Icon

b. Control Panel

c. Start button

d. Printer
• Icon: An Icon may refer to a pictorial symbol we use in a GUI (graphical user interface). We sometimes use
icons in web documents to identify a program, device, folder, or file. For example, an icon may represent a
modem, printer, or a drive. When we click on the icon, we activate it, i.e., either an operation starts, or a
window opens.
• Control Panel: The Control Panel in Microsoft Windows enables a user to change various computer hardware
and software features. Settings for the mouse, display, sound, network, and keyboard represent a few
examples of what may be modified in the Control Panel. Below are examples of how the Control Panels and
appeared in Windows.
• Start Button: The Start or Start button was first introduced with the release of Microsoft Windows 95 and is
found in all releases of Windows since. Start lets you access your computer programs and configure Microsoft
Windows easily by accessing the Start menu.
• Printer: A printer is a hardware output device that is used to generate hard copy and print any document. A
document can be of any type such as a text file, image, or the combination of both. It accepts input command
by users on a computer or on other devices to print the documents. For example, if you have to submit a
project report at your college, you need to create a soft copy of your report and print it with the help of the
printer.

Ques- 30. I) How can we change date & time in computer

How do I change the Date and time on Windows 7?

Windows Vista and Windows 7

In the lower-right corner of the screen, find the clock. Click on the clock and then click Change date and time
settings.15-Aug-2022

Ques-30 ii) What is Macro in MS Word

Ans- A Macros is a piece of programming code that runs in excel environment, and it helps to automate routine tasks.
In other words, a macro is a recording of your regular steps in excel, which you can replay using a single button.

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Ques-31. what are charts in MS Excel, name the different types of charts
• chart: Data that is arranged in columns or rows on an Excel sheet can be plotted in a column chart. In column
charts, categories are typically organized along the horizontal axis and values along the vertical axis. Column
charts are useful to show how data changes over time or to show comparisons among items
• Column Chart: A Column Chart typically displays the categories along the horizontal (category) axis and values
along the vertical (value) axis. To create a column chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the
worksheet.
• Line chart: Line charts can show continuous data over time on an evenly scaled Axis. Therefore, they are ideal
for showing trends in data at equal intervals, such as months, quarters or years.
• Pie chart: Pie charts show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. The data
points in a pie chart are shown as a percentage of the whole pie. To create a Pie Chart, arrange the data in one
column or row on the worksheet.
• Bar chart: Bar Charts illustrate comparisons among individual items. In a Bar Chart, the categories are
organized along the vertical axis and the values are organized along the horizontal axis. To create a Bar Chart,
arrange the data in columns or rows on the Worksheet.

Ques- 32. What is custom animation in PowerPoint

Custom animation in PowerPoint is a feature that allows you to add visual effects and animation to individual
elements on a slide, such as text, images, and shapes. With custom animation, you can control the timing, duration,
and order of animations, as well as the type of animation effect used, to create engaging and dynamic presentations.
You can choose from a wide variety of animation effects, including entrance, exit, emphasis, and motion path
animations, and customize the speed, direction, and other settings to suit your needs. Custom animation is a
powerful tool that can help you create professional-looking presentations that captivate your audience and convey
your message effectively.

Ques- 33. In how many ways you can create table in MS word
Seven ways to create tables
1. Create a new table using the graphical grid.
2. Create a new table using Insert Table.
3. Create a new table using Draw Table.
4. Create a new table using Excel Spreadsheet.
5. Copy and paste an existing table from Excel.
6. Create a new table using Quick Tables.

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Ques- 34. Explain different types of charts in MS excel

Column Chart: A Column Chart typically displays the categories along the horizontal (category) axis and values along
the vertical (value) axis. To create a column chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.

Line chart: Line charts can show continuous data over time on an evenly scaled Axis. Therefore, they are ideal for
showing trends in data at equal intervals, such as months, quarters or years.

Pie chart: Pie charts show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. The data points in
a pie chart are shown as a percentage of the whole pie. To create a Pie Chart, arrange the data in one column or row
on the worksheet.

Bar chart: Bar Charts illustrate comparisons among individual items. In a Bar Chart, the categories are organized along
the vertical axis and the values are organized along the horizontal axis. To create a Bar Chart, arrange the data in
columns or rows on the Worksheet.

Area chart: It emphasizes the magnitude of change over time by displaying the sum of plotted values, an area chart
shows the relationship of parts to a whole. It combines some of the characteristics of a line chart with a bar chart.

Ques- 35. Explain the types of paragraph in MS Word

There are four types of paragraph alignment you can set within Word:

Right-Aligned Text: A paragraph's text is right-aligned when it is aligned evenly along the right margin. Here is a simple
procedure to make a paragraph text right-aligned.

Left-Aligned Text: A paragraph's text is left aligned when it is aligned evenly along the left margin. Here is a simple
procedure to make a paragraph text left-aligned.

Justified Text: A paragraph's text is justified when it is aligned evenly along both the left and the right margins.
Following is a simple procedure to make a paragraph text justified.

Center Aligned Text: A paragraph's text will be said center aligned if it is in the center of the left and right margins.
Here is a simple procedure to make a paragraph text center aligned.

Ques- 36. Write short note on

a. Goal seek

b. Conditional Formatting
a.) What Is Goal Seeking?

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Goal seeking is the process of finding the correct input value when only the output is known. The function of goal
seeking can be built into different kinds of computer software programs like Microsoft Excel.

b.) Conditional formatting can help make patterns and trends in your data more apparent. To use it, you create rules
that determine the format of cells based on their values, such as the following monthly temperature data with cell
colors tied to cell values.

Ques-37. What is difference between spreadsheet and presentation software

Spreadsheet software and presentation software are both types of computer programs that are commonly used for
different purposes.

Spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets, is designed for creating and managing numerical
data, calculations, and analysis. It provides a grid of cells that can be used to enter data and perform mathematical
operations, and it also offers a range of features for organizing, sorting, and filtering data. Spreadsheets are often used
in business and finance for tasks such as budgeting, accounting, and data analysis.

Presentation software, such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Google Slides, is designed for creating and delivering visual
presentations, typically in a slideshow format. It allows users to combine text,images,videos, and other multimedia
elements to create engaging and informative presentations. Presentation software is commonly used in education,
business, and public speaking to communicate ideas and information to an audience.

In summary, the key difference between spreadsheet software and presentation software is their primary purpose.
Spreadsheet software is focused on managing numerical data, while presentation software is focused on creating and
delivering visual presentations

Ques- 38. Explain any 5 features of MS Word

• Home: This has options like font colour, font size, font style, alignment, bullets, line spacing, etc. All the basic
elements which one may need to edit their document is available under the Home option.
• Insert: Tables, shapes, images, charts, graphs, header, footer, page number, etc. can all be entered in the
document. They are included in the “Insert” category.
• Design:The template or the design in which you want your document to be created can be selected under the
Design tab. Choosing an appropriate tab will enhance the appearance of your document.
• Page Layout:Under the Page Layout tab comes options like margins, orientation, columns, lines, indentation,
spacing, etc.
• References: This tab is the most useful for those who are creating a thesis or writing books or lengthy
documents. Options like citation, footnote, table of contents, caption, bibliography, etc. can be found under
this tab.
• Review: Spell check, grammar, Thesaurus, word count, language, translation, comments, etc. can all be
tracked under the review tab. This acts as an advantage for those who get their documents reviewed on MS
Word.

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Ques- 39. Define the following functions in excel

a. SUM()

b. AVERAGE()

c. COUNT()

d. MAX()

e. TRANSPOSE()
• SUM(): The SUM function adds values. You can add individual values, cell references or ranges or a mix of all
three. For example: =SUM(A2:A10) Adds the values in cells A2:10.
• AVERAGE(): Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. For example, if the range A1:A20
contains numbers, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns the average of those numbers.
• COUNT(): Use the COUNT function to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a range or array of
numbers. For example, you can enter the following formula to count the numbers in the range A1:A20:
=COUNT(A1:A20). In this example, if five of the cells in the range contain numbers, the result is 5.
• MAX(): The MAX function syntax has the following arguments: Number1, number2, ... Number1 is required,
subsequent numbers are optional. 1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value
• TRANSPOSE(): Step 1: Select blank cells. First select some blank cells. ...
Step 2: Type =TRANSPOSE( With those blank cells still selected, type: =TRANSPOSE( ...
Step 3: Type the range of the original cells. Now type the range of the cells you want to transpose. ...
Step 4: Finally, press CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER

Ques- 40.
Define
a. Cache memory
b. Software
c. Joystick
d. CPU
e. Printer

Cache memory is a chip-based computer component that makes retrieving data from the computer's memory
more efficient. It acts as a temporary storage area that the computer's processor can retrieve data from easily.

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is
the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used

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to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. It can be thought of as the variable part of a
computer, while hardware is the invariable part.

A joystick is an input device that can be used for controlling the movement of the cursor or a pointer in a
computer device. The pointer/cursor movement is controlled by maneuvering a lever on the joystick. The
input device is mostly used for gaming applications and, sometimes, in graphics applications. A joystick also
can be helpful as an input device for people with movement disabilities.

central processing unit, also called a central processor or main processor, is the most important processor in a
given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic,
controlling, and input/output operations.

A Printer is a hardware output device that is used to generate hard copy and print any document. A document
can be of any type such as a text file, image, or the combination of both. It accepts input command by users on
a computer or on other devices to print the documents. For example, if you have to submit a project report at
your college, you need to create a soft copy of your report and print it with the help of the printer.

Ques- 41. What is operating system & It’s types

An operating system (OS) is a software that manages the computer hardware and provides a user interface for
interacting with the computer. The operating system is the most important type of system software that
controls the overall operation of a computer system. Some of the basic functions of an operating system
include managing memory, managing files, controlling input/output (I/O) devices, and providing a user
interface.

There are several types of operating systems, including:

Windows: This is the most popular operating system for personal computers. It is developed by Microsoft and
is widely used in homes and businesses around the world.

Mac OS: This operating system is developed by Apple and is used on their computers such as the MacBook,
iMac, and Mac Mini.

Linux: This is a free and open-source operating system that is widely used by developers and computer
enthusiasts. There are many different versions, or distributions, of Linux, including Ubuntu, Fedora, and
Debian.

Android: This is an operating system developed by Google that is used on mobile devices such as smartphones
and tablets.

iOS: This is the operating system developed by Apple that is used on their mobile devices such as iPhones and
iPads.

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Chrome OS: This is an operating system developed by Google that is used on Chromebooks, which are laptops
designed for web browsing and cloud computing.

Ques- 42. What is computer? Explain five functions of computer

A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some
result based on a program, software, or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.

Input Function
As we know that computer is a data processing machine that doesn’t work until a set of information is given to
the computer system via input devices. Any device that can be used by a user to instruct the computer is
known as the input device. i.e. Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, etc.
Output Function
When the raw data supplied by the users is processed in the computer processor then its sent to the output
devices by the CPU. The primary input device of a computer system that is set by default is Monitor.

Processing Function
This is the main function of a computer system. The raw data that is fed into the computer system vias input
devices is processed here into meaningful data that is readable and understandable by the computer system.

Storage Function
Storing data and information is the major function of a computer. A computer stores data in the temporary
memory which is known as RAM (Random Access Memory) whereas the information can be stored
permanently both internally as well as externally. The data stored in a temporary memory can be erased
during a sudden shutdown.

Ques- 43. What is software ? explain the types of software

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is
the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used
to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device. It can be thought of as the variable part of a
computer, while hardware is the invariable part.
Examples and types of software
Among the various categories of software, the most common types include the following:

Application software. The most common type of software, application software is a computer software
package that performs a specific function for a user, or in some cases, for another application. An application
can be self-contained, or it can be a group of programs that run the application for the user. Examples of
modern applications include office suites, graphics software, databases and database management programs,
web browsers, word processors, software development tools, image editors and communication platforms.

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System software. These software programs are designed to run a computer's application programs and
hardware. System software coordinates the activities and functions of the hardware and software. In addition,
it controls the operations of the computer hardware and provides an environment or platform for all the other
types of software to work in. The OS is the best example of system software; it manages all the other
computer programs. Other examples of system software include the firmware, computer language translators
and system utilities.

Driver software. Also known as device drivers, this software is often considered a type of system software.
Device drivers control the devices and peripherals connected to a computer, enabling them to perform their
specific tasks. Every device that is connected to a computer needs at least one device driver to function.
Examples include software that comes with any nonstandard hardware, including special game controllers, as
well as the software that enables standard hardware, such as USB storage devices, keyboards, headphones
and printers.

Middleware. The term middleware describes software that mediates between application and system
software or between two different kinds of application software. For example, middleware enables Microsoft
Windows to talk to Excel and Word. It is also used to send a remote work request from an application in a
computer that has one kind of OS, to an application in a computer with a different OS. It also enables newer
applications to work with legacy ones.
Programming software. Computer programmers use programming software to write code. Programming
software and programming tools enable developers to develop, write, test and debug other software
programs. Examples of programming software include assemblers, compilers, debuggers and interpreters.

Ques- 44. What is icon ? explain any two icons available on desktop ?
Icon is a small graphical representation of a program or file. When we double-click an icon, the associated file
or program will be opened. For example, if we were to double-click on the My Computer icon, it would open
Windows Explorer.

1.My Document Icon.

If we save any file or data on our computer, this data is saved by default on the document folder; with the help
of my documents icons, we reach the save data file.

2. Recycle Bin Icon.

This icon reaches where the files are deleted from the computer or deleted from the computer and then
stored in the recycle bin folder. This is also called a dustbin. If we delete any necessary file we want, we take it
from the recycle bin folder by retrieving it.If we’re going to delete the file permanently, we want to press shift
+ delete, so the file is deleted.

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Ques- 45. Define control panel

Control Panel: The Control Panel in Microsoft Windows enables a user to change various computer hardware
and software features. Settings for the mouse, display, sound, network, and keyboard represent a few
examples of what may be modified in the Control Panel. Below are examples of how the Control Panels and
appeared in Windows.

Ques- 46. Difference between input & output devices

Ques- 47. What are topologies ? explain three topologies with diagram
Ring Topology: In this topology, it forms a ring connecting devices with exactly two neighboring devices.A number of
repeaters are used for Ring topology with a large number of nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to
the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th
node. Hence to prevent data loss repeaters are used in the network.

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Mesh Topology: In a mesh topology, every device is connected to another device via a particular channel. In Mesh
Topology, the protocols used are AHCP (Ad Hoc Configuration Protocols), DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol), etc.

Star Topology:In star topology, all the devices are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central
node and all other nodes are connected to the central node. The hub can be passive in nature i.e., not an intelligent
hub such as broadcasting devices, at the same time the hub can be intelligent known as an active hub.

Bus topology:Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a single
cable. It is bi-directional. It is a multi-point connection and a non-robust topology because if the backbone fails the
topology crashes.

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Ques.48. Define
a. Peripherals
b. Taskbar
c. Control panel
d. Recycle bin
Peripheral: A peripheral device or peripheral is an auxiliary hardware device used to transfer information into and out
of a computer. The term peripheral device refers to all hardware components that are attached to a computer and are
controlled by the computer system, but they are not the core components of the computer.

Taskbar: The Taskbar consists of the area between the start menu and the icons to the left of the clock. It shows the
programs that you have open on your computer. To switch from one program to another, single click the program on
the Taskbar, and it will become the front most window.

Control Panel. The Control Panel is a component of Microsoft Windows that provides the ability to view and change
system settings. It consists of a set of applets that include adding or removing hardware and software, controlling user
accounts, changing accessibility options, and accessing networking settings.

Recycle bin: The Recycle Bin is an analogy to a physical trash can; users place items to be thrown out there, and when
the trash can fills up it is emptied. The Recycle Bin is similar as items that are deleted are sent there, then the Recycle
Bin may be manually emptied or once it is full, it will remove the oldest files first

Question:49 What is internet ? what are its advantages and disadvantages.

The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks -- a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer
(and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

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Advantages of internet:

Disadvantages of internet:

Ques.50 Write steps to find out basic information of computer

Go to Control Panel. Click System and Security and then System (or just System if not viewing by category). The page
that loads will display basic information about your computer including the current version of Windows, processor,
installed memory (RAM) and the system type

Ques.51 what is computer? Explain types of computer basis on their size.

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and
process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and
browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

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Types of Computer Based on Size

• Supercomputers
• Mainframe Computers
• Minicomputers
• Personal Computer (PC)
• Workstation
1. Supercomputers: These are very powerful and biggest(in terms of speed processing data)computers and have
more storage capacity. Supercomputers are the most expensive and the fastest computers and process the
most complex jobs with very high speed.
2. Mainframe computer: These are large-sized computers. By Time Sharing and multi Tasking Techniques, more
than 100 people can work at a time on different terminals of these computers. It runs fluently for a long time
and has a long life. Mainframe computers are ideal for banking, telecom sectors, etc.
3. Minicomputers: These computers also known as mid-range computers or minis, are a type of multi-user
computer that falls somewhere in the middle of the computational spectrum. The term “mid-range
computer,” or simply “minis,” was coined to describe more powerful minicomputers that were capable of
competing with mainframes. This type of computer is comparatively larger than that of microcomputers( Also
called Personal computers).
4. Personal computer: Personal computers are commonly known as Microcomputers. These computers are used
by individuals, thus also called PC or Personal computers. These days PCs are largely used for domestic and
official purposes etc. It consists of a CPU(Central Processing Unit), memory(RAM and ROM), input unit, and
output units. Examples of PCs are Desktop, Laptop, etc.

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Question no. 52. What is difference between CUI & GUI.

Ques 53. Explain different protocols used in internet

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a popular communication protocol which is used for
communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that are sent from source
to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination.
2. Internet Protocol (IP): IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly used with TCP. The
IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the
destination system. TCP/IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks.

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3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a substitute communication protocol to Transmission Control
Protocol implemented primarily for creating loss-tolerating and low-latency linking between different
applications.
4. Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.
5. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is designed to send and distribute outgoing E-Mail.
6. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP allows users to transfer files from one machine to another. Types of
files may include program files, multimedia files, text files, and documents, etc.
7. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is designed for transferring a hypertext among two or
more systems. HTML tags are used for creating links. These links may be in any form like text or
images. HTTP is designed on Client-server principles which allow a client system for establishing a
connection with the server machine for making a request. The server acknowledges the request
initiated by the client and responds accordingly.
8. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS): HTTPS is abbreviated as Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol Secure is a standard protocol to secure the communication among two computers one using
the browser and other fetching data from web server. HTTP is used for transferring data between the
client browser (request) and the web server (response) in the hypertext format, same in case of HTTPS
except that the transferring of data is done in an encrypted format. So it can be said that https thwart
hackers from interpretation or modification of data throughout the transfer of packets.
9. Telnet: Telnet is a set of rules designed for connecting one system with another. The connecting
process here is termed as remote login. The system which requests for connection is the local
computer, and the system which accepts the connection is the remote computer.
10. Gopher: Gopher is a collection of rules implemented for searching, retrieving as well as displaying
documents from isolated sites. Gopher also works on the client/server principle.

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Ques 54. Define :-

a.G2B:- G2B (Government to Business) Model

G2B is a business model that refers to government providing services or information to business organization.
Government uses B2G model website to approach business organizations. Such websites support auctions, tenders
and application submission functionalities.

B. G2C (Government to Citizen) refers to the interactions between public administration organizations and citizens. It
is used to refer to one basic relationship with e-Government models. The initiative is the result of a federal
organization (public administration), and citizens are the intended audience.

c. What is government to government (G2G) Government to government (G2G) is a term used to describe
interactions between governments, typically at the national level. These interactions can take a variety of forms,
including diplomatic relations, economic cooperation, military alliances and so on.

d. What does the PPP means?

The other approach uses the purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rate—the rate at which the currency of one
country would have to be converted into that of another country to buy the same amount of goods and services in
each country.

Ques.55 What is CPU explain its functions?

A central processing unit, also called a central processor or main processor, is the most important processor in a given
computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling,
and input/output operations.

Functions of CPU in computer:

a. Controlling all other parts of the machine and sending timing signals.
b. Transferring data between memory and I/O devices.
c. Fetching data and instructions from memory.
d. Decoding instruction.
e. Performing arithmetical and logical operations.
f. Executing programs stored in memory.

Ques 56. Why RAM is called volatile memory?

Ans. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the information temporarily stored in the module is erased when you
restart or shut down your computer. Because the information is stored electrically on transistors, when there is no
electric current, the data disappears.

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Ques 57. What is the difference between CD & DVD?

.

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Ques 58. What are peripheral devices?

A peripheral device is an internal or external device that connects directly to a computer or other digital device but
does not contribute to the computer's primary function, such as computing. It helps end users access and use the
functionalities of a computer.

Mouse:- The mouse is a small, movable device that lets you control a range of things on a computer.

Keyboard:-A keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a computer or any other electronic
machinery.

Monitor:-An electronic device with a screen used for display (as of television pictures or computer information) (2) : a
device for observing a biological condition or function. a heart monitor

Scanner:-

A scanner is a device usually connected to a computer. Its main function is to scan or take a picture of the document,
digitize the information and present it on the computer screen.

Ques.60 What are components of computer ?

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Ques.60 What is operating system? explain it’s functions?

Ans. operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program,
manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating
system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface.

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Security –
The operating system uses password protection to protect user data and similar other techniques. it also prevents
unauthorized access to programs and user data.

Control over system performance –

Monitors overall system health to help improve performance. records the response time between service requests
and system response to having a complete view of the system health. This can help improve performance by providing
important information needed to troubleshoot problems.

Job accounting –
Operating system Keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users, this information can be used to
track resource usage for a particular user or group of users.

Error detecting aids –

The operating system constantly monitors the system to detect errors and avoid the malfunctioning of a computer
system.

61. Explain
1. Browser:-
A search engine is a software program that helps people find the information they are looking for online using
keywords or phrases. Search engines are able to return results quickly—even with millions of websites
online—by scanning the Internet continuously and indexing every page they find.
2. Search engine:-

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3. A search engine is a software program that helps people find the information they are looking for online using
keywords or phrases. Search engines are able to return results quickly—even with millions of websites
online—by scanning the Internet continuously and indexing every page they find.
4. Protocol:-
A network protocol is an established set of rules that determine how data is transmitted between different
devices in the same network. Essentially, it allows connected devices to communicate with each other,
regardless of any differences in their internal processes, structure or design.
5. Internet:-
The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks -- a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other
computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).
6. Transition slide:-
A slide transition is the visual effect that occurs when you move from one slide to the next during a
presentation. You can control the speed, add sound, and customize the look of transition effect.

Ques 62. Explain features of windows?

Ans.

Control Panel

The Control Panel is a collection of tools to help you configure and manage the resources on your computer. You can
change settings for printers, video, audio, mouse, keyboard, date and time, user accounts, installed applications,
network connections, power saving options, and more.

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Desktop

The desktop is a fundamental part of the default GUI (graphical user interface) in Windows. It is a space where you can
organize applications, folders, and documents, which appear as icons. Your desktop is always in the background,
behind any other applications you're running.

Device Manager

The Device Manager lists the hardware devices installed in a computer. It allows users to see what hardware is
installed, view and update hardware drivers, and uninstall hardware through the Device Manager.

Disk cleanup:- The Disk Cleanup utility helps increase free disk space on your computer by removing temporary or
unnecessary files. Running Disk Cleanup helps improve your computer's performance, and create additional space to
store your downloads, documents, and programs.

File Explorer

The File Explorer, also called Windows Explorer, provides you with a view of the files and folders on the computer. You
can browse the contents of your SSD, hard drive, and attached removable disks. You can search for files and folders,
and open, rename, or delete them from the File Explorer.

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Ques 63. What is difference between system software & application software?

Ques 64. Define :-

• Icons:- Icon is a small graphical representation of a program or file. When we double-click an icon, the associated file
or program will be opened. For example, if we were to double-click on the My Computer icon, it would open Windows
Explorer.

• Task bar:- Typically, the taskbar is at the bottom of the desktop, but you can also move it to either side or the top of
the desktop. When the taskbar is unlocked, you can change its location.

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• Control Panel:- The Control Panel in Microsoft Windows enables a user to change various computer hardware and
software features. Settings for the mouse, display, sound, network, and keyboard represent a few examples of what
may be modified in the Control Panel. Below are examples of how the Control Panel appeared in Windows.

• Window:- A window is a separate viewing area on a computer display screen in a system that allows multiple viewing
areas as part of a graphical user interface ( GUI ). Windows are managed by a windows manager as part of a
windowing system . A window can usually be resized by the user.

Ques 65. What are printers & it’s types?

Ans. Printers are the most commonly used and popular output devices. They provide information in a permanent
readable from. They produce printed output of results, programs and data. Prints text or image on paper called hard
copy. The printing speed of a printer is measured in pages per minute (ppm).Printer resolution is often measured in
dots per inch (dpi).

IMPACT PRINTER

Impact printers these Printers use an Electro-mechanical mechanism. An impact printer refers to all those printers
whose printing heads touch the paper. His mechanism uses hammers or pins to strike against a ribbon and paper to
print the text or image.

Types of Impact Printers

Impact printers are of two Types:

A) Character Printer

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B) Line Printer

NON -IMPACT PRINTER

These printer uses ink and special electrical machines for producing outputs. Non – impact printers are all those
printers whose printing heads do not touch paper. A non impact printer forms characters and image on a piece of
paper without actually striking the paper.

Types of Non -Impact Printers

Laser printer

Inkjet printer

Thermal printer

Ques 66. Explain diagram of computer?

Ans.

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Ques 67. How do you create a folder on a desktop?

Ans. create a folder on a Windows desktop

Creating a folder on your Windows desktop is super simple and you have more than one way to do it. Once you create
it, you can move desktop items into it or simply make it a home for future files.

Step 1: Right-click a blank spot on your desktop.

Step 2: Move your cursor to New in the menu and pick Folder in the pop-out menu.

Step 3: When you see the folder appear, the default name “New folder” is automatically selected so that you can just
enter a name of your own.

Type the name, press Enter, and your folder is ready to go.

Step 4: Alternatively, you can create a desktop folder from File Explorer or with a keyboard shortcut.

Open File Explorer, select Desktop on the left, and pick New folder in the ribbon on the Home tab.

Use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + Shift + N to create a new desktop folder.

Step 5: Name the folder, press Enter, and you’ll see the new folder on your desktop in the next open spot.

Ques 68. What is difference between header and footer?

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Ques 69. Explain computer & it’s components.

A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions
provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to accept data (input), process it, and then produce
outputs.

Input device

A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device. These commands can be given using the input
unit or the input devices

Output Unit

When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us a result. This result
is called output.

Memory Unit

When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information immediately gets saved in
the memory unit of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of the presence of some existing programming, the
Memory Unit transmits the data further to the other parts of the CPU.

Control Unit

This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device. It is one of the most essential
components of the computer system.

Ques 70. Explain hyperlink.

A hyperlink is a piece of text or an image in an electronic document that can connect readers to another portion of
the document or a different webpage. In addition, a hyperlink can be used to connect to and open an email client
window.

To insert a hyperlink:

• Select the text or image you want to make a hyperlink.

• Select the Insert tab.
• Click Hyperlink in the Links group. The Insert Hyperlink dialog box appears. If you selected text, the
words will appear in the Text to display: field at the top.
• Type the address you want to link to in the Address: field.
• Click OK. The text or image you selected will now be a hyperlink.

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To remove a hyperlink:

• Select the hyperlink you want to deactivate.

• Select the Insert tab.
• Click Hyperlink in the Links group. The Edit Hyperlink dialog box appears.
• Click Remove Link.

Ques 71. What are input and output devices, explain any two input and output devices?
Ans. Input devices :- From the above explanation, we got a clear idea of the inputs. Now let us learn about the input
devices. The devices which are used to input the data and the program in the computer are known as "Input Devices''.

Examples of input devices

1.Keyboard : Keyboard is an input device that looks like a typewriter that's commonly present in all computer systems.
Keyboard has all alphabets, numbers and special characters. We use a keyboard to enter the required information in
the text form.

2.Mouse : The mouse is the other commonly used input device. It is used to scroll through the monitor. It is the cursor
on the monitor. The mouse has two buttons: the right click left click and a wheel in the center for scrolling.

Output devices :- The devices that help in getting and viewing the desired results are called output devices. In other
words, we say that a device that is used to send data from a computer to another device is called an output device.

Examples of output devices

1.Monitor: Every computer will have a monitor that displays the screen of the computer. It looks similar to the
television screen. The monitor is a basic example of output device.

2.Printer: A device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the information to paper is
called a Printer. We have both black and white printers and colour printers. To make it more familiar, our textbooks
are printed using printers.

Ques 72. In how many ways tables are created in MS Word

Method 1: Create a Table from the Table Menu

This method is appropriate for most users who want to create a basic table for general use.

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the table.

2. Select the Insert tab in the ribbon.
3. Select the Table button in the Tables group.
4. Move your pointer across and down the grid to select the number of cells (organized as rows and columns)
needed in your table.

The selected cells will turn orange.

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5. Click the selected (orange) part of the grid or press Enter on your keyboard to insert the table.

Method 2: Create a Table from the Table Dialog Box

This method provides advanced sizing options.

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the table.

2. Select the Insert tab in the ribbon
3. Select the Table button in the Tables group
4. Select Insert Table from the drop-down menu.
5. Enter the number of rows and columns in the Insert Table dialog box.

6. Select an AutoFit behavior:

•
o Fixed column width can be set to Auto or a specific width between 1/100 inch and twenty-two inches using the
increment arrows.
o AutoFit to contents adjusts cell sizes to the content.
o AutoFit to Window adjusts the width of the table to the viewer’s Word window or browser window.
• (Optional Step) Check Remember dimensions for new tables if you want to create the same size table in the
future.
• Select the OK button to close the Insert Table dialog box and insert your new table.

Method 3: Insert a Quick Table

Quick Tables are prebuilt tables and calendars you can modify for your own use.

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the table.

2. Select the Insert tab in the ribbon (see figure 1).
3. Select the Table button in the Tables group (see figure 2).
4. Select Quick Tables from the drop-down menu.
5. Select a table from the gallery.
6. Add your own content by typing over or deleting the table’s example text.

Ques70. Explain keyboard

Ans. A keyboard is a peripheral device that enables a user to input text into a computer or any other electronic
machinery. A keyboard is an input device and is the most basic way for the user to communicate with a computer. This
device is patterned after its predecessor, the typewriter, from which the keyboard inherited its layout, although the
keys or letters are arranged to function as electronic switches. The keys include punctuation, alphanumeric and
special keys like the Windows key and various multimedia keys, which have specific functions assigned to them.

There are different types of keyboard layouts manufactured based on the region and language used.

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QWERTY: This layout is the most widely used and is named after the first six letters that appear on the top row. This
layout is commonly manufactured today because of its popularity. It is so common across the world – even in
countries that do not use the Latin-based alphabet for their language – that some people think that it is the only kind
of keyboard there is.

AZERTY: This was developed in France as another variation to the QWERTY layout and is considered the standard
French keyboard.

DVORAK: This layout was created to reduce finger movement when typing and produce faster typing speeds than
QWERTY or AZERTY.

Ques74. Explain watermark in MS Word

Ans. Watermark is simply that image or text that appears mainly behind the main document. For instance, watermark
documents will normally display the status of the document like "confidential", ‘Draft" among others. It is important to
note that watermarks can be in form of texts or even images like logo, pictures and other things of value.

Watermarks are normally used to prevent counterfeiting. Documents shared over the internet have the tendency to
be counterfeited and altered as it gets downloaded over the internet. However, what watermarking does is to prevent
or make it difficult for people to use these documents as their own. Watermarking cannot be removed except by the
original owner and this is why it has proven to be effective against counterfeiting. It is important to note that
Microsoft® Word has some in-built watermarks that can be chosen. For instance, the in-built watermarks options
include draft, confidential and other functionalities. Understanding what is watermark in MS Word is the first step to
knowing how to insert it in Word. It is easy to insert watermarks as it takes some few steps.

Ques75. What are registers ?

Ans. A register may hold an instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence or individual
characters). Some instructions specify registers as part of the instruction. For example, an instruction may specify that
the contents of two defined registers be added together and then placed in a specified register.

A register must be large enough to hold an instruction - for example, in a 64-bit computer, a register must be 64 bits in
length. In some computer designs, there are smaller registers - for example, half-registers - for shorter instructions.
Depending on the processor design and language rules, registers may be numbered or have arbitrary names.

A processor typically contains multiple index registers, also known as address registers or registers of modification.
The effective address of any entity in a computer includes the base, index, and relative addresses, all of which are
stored in the index register. A shift register is another type. Bits enter the shift register at one end and emerge from
the other end. Flip flops, also known as bistable gates, store and process the data.

Ques76. How to hide rows & columns in excel and what are maximum sheets that you can
insert in excel?
Ans. To hide a row, follow the steps below.

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On the far left side of the spreadsheet, right-click with your mouse on the row header for the row you want to hide.

In the pop-up menu, select Hide.

Hide row in Microsoft Excel.

The hidden row is identified by two lines between the two rows where the hidden row is located, as shown in the
picture above. If the two lines between the rows are not visible, the hidden row can be identified by a skip in the row
numbering. In the picture above, the row numbering skips from "1" to "3" because row 2 is hidden.

To hide more than one row, highlight each row to be hidden, then right-click and select Hide in the pop-up menu. All
the highlighted rows will be hidden.

To hide a column, follow the steps below.

Near the top of the spreadsheet, below the menu bar or Ribbon, right-click the column header for the column you
want to hide.

Select Hide in the pop-up menu.

Hide column in Microsoft Excel.

The hidden column is identified by two lines between the two columns where the hidden column is located, as shown
in the picture above. If the two lines between the columns are not visible, the hidden column can be identified by a
skip in the column header letters. In the picture above, the column header lettering skips from "A" to "C" because
column B is hidden.

To hide more than one column, highlight each column to be hidden, then right-click and select Hide in the pop-up
menu. All the highlighted columns will be hidden.

In Microsoft Excel, the maximum number of worksheets in a workbook is limited by the amount of available memory
and system resources. By default, a workbook contains three worksheets, but you can add up to 1,048,576 worksheets
to a workbook.

To add a new worksheet to a workbook, you can right-click on the tab of an existing worksheet and select "Insert"
from the context menu. You can also use the "Insert" tab in the ribbon and click the "Worksheet" button.

It's worth noting that while it is technically possible to add a large number of worksheets to a workbook, doing so can
significantly impact the performance of Excel and may cause the program to become slow or unresponsive. As a
general rule, it is best to use only the number of worksheets that you need to accomplish your tasks.

Ques77.
Explain a. Paintbrush b. Notepad

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Ans. a. Paint Brush is a drawing tool that helps the users to create simple to complex drawings digitally. Paint
programs can be used to create even detailed drawings easily. Paint is a simple graphic editing program. Drawings
created using Microsoft Paint can be used even as a wallpaper too. The files of Paint are saved as a “.bmp” file
extension. Every child who is introduced to computers and its functions will first be familiarised with the Microsoft
Paint. This is because it is one of the simplest programs and fun to work with.

Features of Paint Brush Paint Brush has a number of features that can be used for creating drawings. Menu BarThe
Menu Bar consists of the following features:File Menu: This consists of various features for creating a new file, saving,
printing, setting as desktop background, etc.Edit Menu: Edit menu has the features for following options for undoing,
redoing, copying, pasting, etc.View Menu: View Menu has the features for displaying toolbox, colour box, status bar,
text toolbar, zooming, and viewing bitmaps.Image: The Image menu is used for flipping, stretching, and inverting
colours, among others.Colours: The Colours option is used to edit colours of the drawing.Help Menu: As the name
suggests, Help Menu provides comprehensive help about paint.

b. Notepad is a one type of text editor included with all versions of Microsoft Windows so that allows you to create,
open, and read text/named files. If the file contains special formatting or is not a plaintext file, it cannot be read in
Notepad. The image shown here is a our example of what the Notepad may look like while opening/running.

Ques78.What is multimedia?
Ans. The word multi and media are combined to form the word multimedia. The word “multi” signifies “many.”
Multimedia is a type of medium that allows information to be easily transferred from one location to another.

Multimedia is the presentation of text, pictures, audio, and video with links and tools that allow the user to navigate,
engage, create, and communicate using a computer.

Multimedia refers to the computer-assisted integration of text, drawings, still and moving images(videos) graphics,
audio, animation, and any other media in which any type of information can be expressed, stored, communicated, and
processed digitally.

To begin, a computer must be present to coordinate what you see and hear, as well as to interact with. Second, there
must be interconnections between the various pieces of information. Third, you’ll need navigational tools to get
around the web of interconnected data.

Multimedia is being employed in a variety of disciplines, including education, training, and business.

Ques79. Explain internet

Ans. The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks -- a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer
(and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANET. The original aim was to create a network
that would allow users of a research computer at one university to "talk to" research computers at other universities.
A side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one

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direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or
other disaster.

Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people
worldwide. It is used by many as the primary source of information consumption, and fueled the creation and growth
of its own social ecosystem through social media and content sharing. Furthermore, e-commerce, or online shopping,
has become one of the largest uses of the Internet.

Ques80. What is difference between line printer and drum printer?

Ques 81 . What is memory & it’s type?

Ans. Memory is the electronic holding place for the instructions and data a computer needs to reach quickly. It's where
information is stored for immediate use. Memory is one of the basic functions of a computer, because without it, a
computer would not be able to function properly. Memory is also used by a computer's operating system, hardware
and software.

There are technically two types of computer memory:

primary and secondary. The term memory is used as a synonym for primary memory or as an abbreviation for a
specific type of primary memory called random access memory (RAM). This type of memory is located on microchips
that are physically close to a computer's microprocessor.

If a computer's central processer (CPU) had to only use a secondary storage device, computers would become much
slower. In general, the more memory (primary memory) a computing device has, the less frequently the computer
must access instructions and data from slower (secondary) forms of storage.

Ques 82.Explain

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a. Slideshow
b. Different views in PowerPoint
Ans.( a) A slideshow, slide show, or slide presentation is pictures or pages of information (slides), often displayed on a
large screen using a video projector. The first slide shows were done with pictures on pieces of glass, to be later
replaced by photographic film slides in the 1940s. As the technology improved, overhead projectors began being used
to project a picture on a screen. The slides were made with transparent slide media about the size of a piece of paper.
Printers could print text and images on this media, or dry-erase markers could be used to write and draw on the
media.

For today's presentations and showing slides, a slide in a slide show is essentially a single screen of information, able
to display text, charts, and images. A slide can also feature various transitions, which are added effects to enhance the
slide and provide different viewing styles. Transitions can include words fading in or out of view, words sliding into
view from the left, right, top, or bottom of the slide, and others. Slide-based presentations are a popular choice for
business meetings due to the ease of creating each slide and the attention they can grab from viewers when done
correctly.

(b)

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Ques 83.what is difference between scanner and printer?

Ans.

basic printer scanners

1. meaning It is a device that acquires the output (text It is a device that scans the documents and
and graphics) from a computer and converts them into a digital format.
generates a hard copy of it.
2.device It is considered as an output device It is considered as an input device.
3.use It uses mechanical impact, laser light, or An illuminating lamp is used on the scan
nozzle assembly on the on the printing head.
head.
4.digital This helps reflect the light on the lens, A digital document can be rendered on a
document which is focused on a CCD array. paper by creating an impact or by using
charges on a photosensitive material.
5.examples Examples of printers include Laser Printers, Examples of scanners include Flatbed,
Solid Ink Printers, LED Printers, Business Sheet−fed, Handheld, and Drum scanners.
Inkjet Printers, Home Inkjet, Printers, and
3D Printers.

Ques84. Explain networking

Ans. A computer network is a system that connects numerous independent computers in order to share information
(data) and resources. The integration of computers and other different devices allows users to communicate more
easily.

A computer network is a collection of two or more computer systems that are linked together. A network connection
can be established using either cable or wireless media. Hardware and software are used to connect computers and
tools in any network.

A computer network consists of various kinds of nodes. Servers, networking hardware, personal computers, and other
specialized or general-purpose hosts can all be nodes in a computer network. Hostnames and network addresses are
used to identify them.

Ques 85.
Define a. Hardware
b. Software

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Ans. Computer hardware is a collective term used to describe any of the physical components of an analog or digital
computer. The term hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing device from software, which consists
of written, machine-readable instructions or programs that tell physical components what to do and when to execute
the instructions.

Hardware and software are complementary. A computing device can function efficiently and produce useful output
only when both hardware and software work together appropriately.

Computer hardware can be categorized as being either internal or external components. Generally, internal hardware
components are those necessary for the proper functioning of the computer, while external hardware components are
attached to the computer to add or enhance functionality.

b. Software is a set of instructions, data or programs that you can use to operate a computer and perform the
particular tasks that they are looking for. The software actually is the opposite of hardware. In software, there is a set
of data, programs, and information that you need inside your computer in order to operate your computer efficiently
and perform the specific tasks that you are looking for.

There is a fact that in order to get the work done on your computer properly, you should have updated software. The
software is required to be updated constantly because only then can it be used for efficient working.

There are mainly two kinds of software that are application software and system software. The application software
has all the software that performs a particular task or fulfils a specific need. System Software is the software that
includes the applications and instructions by which hardware can be used. For example, we need to run an application
on the computer or perform a particular task then we will need the system software as it runs the hardware of the
computer thus it provides a platform for the applications to run on the computer.

Ques 86.What are the steps of selection of excel cells in range?

Ans. In order to select a range of cells in an excel formula, you can simply follow the following steps:

1.Enter the formula in the cell.For example =SUM

2.Directly use the up down left or right arrows to navigate throughout the spreadsheet to select the STARTING POINT
of the range of cells.

3.Once you reach the first cell in the range, simple hold the shift button and keep pressing the down key(If its a range
of cells in a column) or pressing the right key(If its a range of cells in a row).

4. As soon as you reach the last cell of the range, you can leave the shift button and press enter.

5.The formula will be applied to the series of cells.

EXAMPLE:

Lets say,

We need to add the series of cells from cell A1 to cell A10.

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The formula will look like : =SUM(A1:10)

You can also remember the format for this purpose:

FORMULA NAME(STARTING CELL:ENDING CELL)

Ques 87. What is cache memory & it’s type ?

Ans. Cache Memory is a special very high-speed memory. It is used to speed up and synchronize with high-speed CPU.
Cache memory is costlier than main memory or disk memory but more economical than CPU registers. Cache memory
is an extremely fast memory type that acts as a buffer between RAM and the CPU. It holds frequently requested data
and instructions so that they are immediately available to the CPU when needed. Cache memory is used to reduce the
average time to access data from the Main memory. The cache is a smaller and faster memory that stores copies of
the data from frequently used main memory locations. There are various different independent caches in a CPU, which
store instructions and data.

Levels of memory:

Level 1 or Register – It is a type of memory in which data is stored and accepted that are immediately stored in CPU.
Most commonly used register is accumulator, Program counter, address register etc.

Level 2 or Cache memory – It is the fastest memory which has faster access time where data is temporarily stored for
faster access.

Level 3 or Main Memory – It is memory on which computer works currently. It is small in size and once power is off
data no longer stays in this memory.

Level 4 or Secondary Memory – It is external memory which is not as fast as main memory but data stays permanently
in this memory.

Ques 88. Define the following terms

i) Assembler

ii)Compiler

ii)Interpreter

iii)Machine language

iv)Assembly language

Ans. i)Assembler:-

The Assembler is a Software that converts an assembly language code to machine code. It takes basic Computer
commands and converts them into Binary Code that Computer’s Processor can use to perform its Basic Operations.
These instructions are assembler language or assembly language.

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We can also name an assembler as the compiler of assembly language. This is because a compiler converts the high-
level language to machine language. On the other hand, an assembler is doing the same task but, for assembly
language, the name compiler of assembly language.

ii)Compiler:- compiler is a software that converts the source code to the object code. In other words, we can say that it
converts the high-level language to machine/binary language. Moreover, it is necessary to perform this step to make
the program executable. This is because the computer understands only binary language.

Some compilers convert the high-level language to an assembly language as an intermediate step. Whereas some
others convert it directly to machine code. This process of converting the source code into machine code is called
compilation. Let us learn more about it in detail.

iii)Interpreter:- Interpreter is a computer program that is used to directly execute program instructions written using
one of the many high-level programming languages.

The interpreter transforms the high-level program into an intermediate language that it then executes, or it could
parse the high-level source code and then performs the commands directly, which is done line by line or statement by
statement.

iv) Assembly language:- Assembly Language is a low-level programming language. It helps in understanding the
programming language to machine code. In computers, there is an assembler that helps in converting the assembly
code into machine code executable. Assembly language is designed to understand the instruction and provide it to
machine language for further processing. It mainly depends on the architecture of the system, whether it is the
operating system or computer architecture.

Assembly Language mainly consists of mnemonic processor instructions or data and other statements or instructions.
It is produced with the help of compiling the high-level language source code like C, C++. Assembly Language helps in
fine-tuning the program.

Ques 89. differentiate between

i) Multitasking OS and time sharing OS
ii) Single user OS and multiuser OS
Ans. i)

S.NO. Time sharing Multiprogramming

Time Sharing is the logical Multiprogramming operating

extension of multiprogramming, system allows to execute
1. in this time sharing Operating multiple processes by
system many users/processes monitoring their process states
are allocated with computer and switching in between
resources in respective time processes.
slots.

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Processors time is shared with Processor and memory

multiple users that’s why it is underutilization problem is
2. called as time sharing operating resolved and multiple programs
system. runs on CPU that’s why it is
called multiprogramming.
In this process, two or more In this, the process can be
3. users can use a processor in their executed by a single processor
terminal.
4. Time sharing OS has fixed time Multi-programming OS has no
slice. fixed time slice.
In time sharing OS system, In multi-programming OS system
5. execution power is taken off before finishing a task the
before finishing of execution. execution power is
not taken off.

ii)

SR.NO Single user OS Multi user OS

A type of operating system that A type of operating system that
1. provides facilities to only one provides resources and services
user at a time to multiple users at a time
Single user single task OS and Timesharing OS and Distributed
2. single user multi-task OS are two OS are some types
types
3. The bootloader loads all the The bootloader distributes the
resources of the CPU in the resources of the CPU based on
profile of a single superuser the priority of the users
4. Simple Complex
5. Ex: Window, Apple Mac OS Ex: UNIX and Linux

Ques 90. Define

i) Control panel
ii) Screen saver

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iii) Word wrap

iv) My computer
iv) Task bar
Ans. i)Control panel : The control panel, in the context of Windows, is a software module used to perform
administrative and management operating system tasks and/or provide access to specific software features.

The control panel is used to configure and manage almost all aspects of Windows, including keyboard and mouse
functionality, users and passwords, power options, network settings, desktop background, display settings, sound
settings, mouse settings, hardware and software options, installation and removal of programs, parental control,
speech recognition, etc

ii)Screen saver : A screensaver is a computer application that blanks the screen of the computer when it is inactive or
fills it with images or patterns. Originally designed to avoid phosphor burn-in on plasma and CRT monitors, it is now
mostly used for security, showing system information, entertainment and other functions.

Screensavers can be written in various programming languages or designed using a variety of tools. When the system
becomes idle, the operating system activates the screensaver, which causes the physical display screen to either go
blank or be overlaid with graphics as provided in the display settings. The screensaver is terminated when the mouse is
moved or a key on the keyboard is pressed. Sometimes it may ask for a password before returning control to the user.

iii)Word wrap : Word wrap is a text editor or word processor feature that breaks lines between words to adjust them
within specified margins. This action is performed on the fly; if the user changes the margin, the line is automatically
repositioned to ensure that the text is within margins and is visible.

Breaks that occur as a result of word wrapping are called soft returns, while hard returns create new paragraphs. Soft
returns are placed at the end of complete words or following the punctuation at the end of a sentence. Words without
hyphens may also be wrapped to the following line using soft hyphens.

Iv )My computer : My Computer is seen on the Microsoft Windows computers. My Computer allows the user to access
the local drives, such as the local disk, also known as the C: Drive. The user can also access external drives. Examples of
an external drive are a floppy disk drive (A: Drive) and the CD Drive (D:). My computer also lets the user access My
Documents and other files. Whenever any external drive is attached to the computer, the user can directly access that
drive from My Computer menu. "My Computer" gives us an overview about different types of drives present in the
computer. The My Computer folder is a gateway to all the data stored on the computer, attached devices, and the
network -- as well as a shortcut to most of your system information.

v) Taskbar : The Taskbar is a user interface component in the Microsoft Windows operating system that allows quick
access to open apps, files, and system settings. It is typically located at the bottom of the screen and provides quick
access to important features such as the Start menu, the system tray, and the task manager. To start applications,
switch between open applications and access system settings, and users can use the Taskbar. Additionally, the Taskbar
can be altered to fit the user's requirements and preferences. For example, the size and placement of the icons can be
changed, and new icons for commonly used programs can be added.

Ques 91. Define

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i)Sum ()
ii)Average ()
iii)Count ()
iv)Max ()
v)Transpose ()
Ans. i) Sum : Sum may refer to any of the following:

1. In mathematics, a sum is the total obtained from adding numbers. For example, the sum of two and two is four.

2. Sum is chat slang for some.

=SUM formula in blue lettering

3. In Microsoft Excel, sum is a formula function for adding the numerical value of cells. Below are examples of how the
sum formula may be used.

=SUM(A1, A10) — adds the values of cells A1 and A10.

=SUM(A1, A10, A20) — adds the values of cells A1, A10, and A20.

=SUM(A1:A10) — adds the values of all cells in the range from A1 to A10.

=SUM(A1:A10, B2:B11, C13) — adds the values of cells in the range A1:A10 and the range B2:B11 and the cell C13.

=SUM(A1, 30) — adds 30 to the value of cell A1.

ii) Average : Average may refer to any of the following:

1. When referring an Adobe Photoshop, see our Photoshop Average filter.

Blue background with the word Average, and person circling the word in red marker

2. Alternatively called the arithmetic mean, an average is the sum of several numbers divided by the total amount of
numbers. For example, suppose we have the following series of numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, and 3. The sum of these
numbers is 16, 16 divided by 7 (ammount of numbers) is 2.28. Therefore, 2.28 is the average of these numbers.

iii)Count : Count may refer to any of the following:

Counting on fingers

1. In general, count refers to the number of objects or items. For example, you could view the statistics of a document
and get the total word count.

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2. Count or count () is a Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet function that counts a cell if it contains a numeric
value. For example, using the below Excel function would look for any cells between A1 and A15 that contain a
numeric value. If cell A1 and A5 only contained numbers, the value of the cell containing this function would be equal
to "2."

=COUNT(A1:A15)

Using the counta or counta () function, you can count the number of cells in a range that contain text and are not
empty. For example, you could count the number of cells containing text in cells A1 through A20 using the formula
below. If seven cells were empty, the number "13" would be returned.

=COUNTA(A1:A20)

If you were wanting to count only cells that contain a specified value, the countif or countif () function can be used. For
example, in the below function, if any cell between A1 and A10 contain the word "test," the count value is increased.
In other words, if there was only one cell that contained the word "test," the cell with this function would be equal to
1.

=COUNTIF(A1:A10,"TEST")

iv)Max : Max may refer to any of the following:

1. Max is short for maximize.

2. Short for maximum, max is a Microsoft Excel and spreadsheet formula to find the maximum value in a range of cells.
For example, the formula below finds the maximum value in cells A1 through A10. If these cells had the values
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10, the result would return "10" since it's the largest (maximum) value in all of the cells.

=max(a1:a10)

v)Transpose : The TRANSPOSE Function[1] is categorized under Excel Lookup and Reference functions. It will flip the
direction of a given range or array. The function will convert a horizontal range into a vertical range and vice versa.

In financial analysis, the TRANSPOSE function is useful in arranging data in our desired format.

Formula

=TRANSPOSE(array)

Ques 92. Explain with example any five use of excel

Ans. . BUSINESS ANALYSIS

The #1 use for Microsoft Excel in the workplace is to do business analysis. Business analysis is essentially using
collected data to inform decision-making. Businesses naturally gather data in their day-to-day activities, which may be
data on product sales, website traffic, spending on supplies, insurance claims, etc.

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2. PEOPLE MANAGEMENT

MS Excel is a powerful way to organise information about people, whether they are employees, customers,
supporters, or training attendees. Using Excel, personal data can be stored and retrieved efficiently. A spreadsheet
row or column can be used for an individual record, including name, email address, employee start date, items
purchased, subscription status, and last contact.

3. MANAGING OPERATIONS

While Amazon uses sophisticated custom software for operations management, MS Excel is an essential tool for many
smaller businesses (or parts of larger companies). An advantage of Excel is that it’s relatively low-tech, allowing it to be
used by many people without the risk of programming bugs.

4. PERFORMANCE REPORTING

Performance monitoring and reporting is a specialised type of business analysis that can be done effectively using MS
Excel.

5. OFFICE ADMINISTRATION

Office administrators use Excel to enter and store much of the data subsequently used for accounting and financial
reporting, business analysis and performance reporting. Besides record-keeping, Excel is useful in office administration
for day-to-day tasks such as invoicing, paying bills, and contacting suppliers and clients. It’s an all-purpose tool for
keeping track of and managing office activities.

Ques93. What is PowerPoint? What are it’s uses and limitations?

Ans. PowerPoint (PPT) is a powerful, easy-to-use presentation graphics software program that allows you to create
professional-looking electronic slide shows.

The image given below shows the main page of MS PowerPoint, where a person lands when the program is opened on
a computer system:

Uses of PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint presentations are useful for both personal and professional usage. Given below are a few of the major
fields where PPT is extremely useful:

1.Education – With e-learning and smart classes being chosen as a common mode of education today, PowerPoint
presentations can help in making education more interactive and attract students towards the modified version of
studying

2.Marketing – In the field of marketing, PowerPoint presentations can be extremely important. Using graphs and
charts, numbers can be shown more evidently and clearly which may be ignored by the viewer if being read

3.Business – To invite investors or to show the increase or decrease in profits, MS PowerPoint can be used

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4.Creating Resumes – Digital resumes can be formed using MS PowerPoint. Different patterns, photograph, etc. can be
added to the resume

5.Depicting Growth – Since both graphics and text can be added in a presentation, depicting the growth of a company,
business, student’s marks, etc. is easier using PPT

Disadvantages of PowerPoint

1. Lack of Innovation

It’s been around 3 decades since PowerPoint was first released, and in that time, it hasn’t seen a whole lot of
innovation. This lack of innovation can make it feel dated compared to some of the newer presentation software
options on the market. Some users find PowerPoint slides boring as there is not much scope to create creative or
interactive presentations.

2. A Bit Complex to Learn

The features and tools of PowerPoint can be a bit complex to learn, especially if you’ve never used the software
before. It can take some time to get a grasp on how to use all the features effectively. And if you want to create more
complex presentations, it may take even longer.

3. Some Performance Issues on Weak Systems

PowerPoint can also have some performance issues, especially on weak systems. The software can be a bit resource-
intensive, so it may run slow on older computers. Additionally, large or complex presentations may take longer to load
and may not run as smoothly as you’d like.

4. It’s Relatively Expensive

If you want to purchase PowerPoint outright, it’s relatively expensive compared to some of the other presentation
software options on the market. Such as, Google Slides offer many of the same features as PowerPoint, but it’s free to
use.

Ques94. Write short note on bridge

Ans. The bridge is a networking device in a computer network that is used to connect multiple LANs to a larger LAN. In
computer networks, we have multiple networking devices such as bridges, hubs, routers, switches, etc, each device
has its own specification and is used for a particular purpose. The bridge is a networking device that connects the
larger LAN networks with the group of smaller LAN networks.

In this article, we are going to discuss everything about the bridge including what exactly a bridge is, and the type of
bridges we have in computer networks including transparent bridges, source routing bridges, and translational
bridges, which will be followed by advantages and disadvantages of the bridge in networking. then how the bridge is
different from the gateway and last we will look into the applications and functions of the bridge in the network.

Ques95. i)What is difference between firmware and software ?

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ii)Explain flow chart with symbols

Ans.

S.NO. Software Firmware

Software’s are generally a set of Firmware’s are generally a type
1. instructions to instruct a of software used to control
computer. hardware devices.
Software (application software) Firmware is low-level software
2. runs on top of the operating that stands between the
system and has no direct hardware and the operating
interface with hardware. system.
Various categories of software There are no such categories of
3. include application software, firmware
computer programming tools,
etc.
Types of software includes Types of firmware includes BIOS,
4. application software, shareware, EFI (Extensible Firmware
system software, etc. Interface), etc.
The size of the software is very The firmware size is very small
5. big and generally ranges and generally ranges between a
between hundred kilobytes (KB) few kilobytes (KB).
to a few gigabytes (GB).

ii) A flowchart is a diagram that illustrates the steps, sequences, and decisions of a process or workflow. While there
are many different types of flowcharts, a basic flowchart is the simplest form of a process map. It’s a powerful tool
that can be used in multiple fields for planning, visualizing, documenting, and improving processes.

The industrial engineers Frank and Lillian Gilbreth first introduced this tool to the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) in 1921. Since then, flowcharts have been refined and standardized to optimize processes across
various industries.

Symbols of flowchart

1.Flowline: The flowline shows the process’s direction by connecting two blocks with one another.

2.Termina or Terminator: The terminal or terminator represents the start or end points of a flowchart process.

3.Process: The process symbol is the most common component of a flowchart and indicates a step in the process.

4.Comment or Annotation: You can indicate additional information about a step with a comment or annotation.

5.Decision: This symbol represents a decision you or your team need to make to get to the next step of the process.
Typically, it’s a true or false decision or a yes or no question that you need to answer.

6.Stored data: This symbolizes a data file or database.

7.“Or” symbol: This indicates that the process flow continues in three or more branches.

8.Input/Output: The input/output symbol represents the process of in- or outputting external data.

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Ques96. i) How to insert caption in your image

ii) Explain in word processor --> Auto correct and Auto text
Ans. i) When you have too many images in the document, it is necessary to insert captions to them, which could make
the document more organized and enhance the connection between text and images. So how can we achieve it?
Here’s a simple guide to insert a caption for an image.

1. Select the image you want to insert a caption for, and go to References tab, then click Insert Caption, which is in
Captions section.

2. When Caption dialog box appears, click New Label and type a caption you prefer in New Label pop-up box, then hit
OK when you are done. Here I take Must-see attraction as an example.

3. The caption you typed in Step 2 will automatically be entered into Caption box and Label box, and the sequence
numbers will also be generated automatically. You could also choose the position where the caption is placed: Above
selected item or Below selected item, by selecting option from the related drop-down list.

4. Now check out the example below. Microsoft Word will renumber captions appropriately if you insert a new image
in the same document.

ii) Auto correct : AutoCorrect is a software feature commonly found in word processing programs, such as Microsoft
Word. As the name implies, this feature automatically corrects misspellings and common typos in a document.

For example, a user may type "my words are not corect" and the program would automatically change it to "My words
are not correct." As you can see in this example, not only does AutoCorrect fix the misspelling, but it also capitalizes
the first letter of the sentence.

In the animated picture above, you can see AutoCorrect in action. It automatically capitalizes the first letter of every
sentence, changing the letter "i" to "I," "auto correct" to "autocorrect," and "ch" to "Computer Hope."

Auto text : AutoText is a feature in Microsoft Word that completes text you are typing. For example, if you began
typing Thank y, Microsoft Word would show a small window above that text displaying the AutoText Thank you, as
shown in the picture. You could then press Tab or F3 to complete the text.

Although the Microsoft Word AutoText feature has many predefined words, users may enter words specific to their
needs. For example, you could add Computer Hope, and as you began typing Comp, you could complete the
remainder of the phrase by pressing Tab.

Ques97. Explain Slide and Workbook

Ans. Slide : Slide may refer to any of the following:

Slide Layout

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1. With a slide show or slide presentation, a slide is a single page or image shown in a slideshow. For example, when
watching a picture slideshow of ten pictures, a single picture is considered a slide.

With a presentation or program like Microsoft PowerPoint, a slide is one page of text, images, or animations. For
example, in the slide layout to the right, there are four slides shown.

2. When used as a plural noun (more than one), slides refers to more than one slide and may also be an abbreviated
form of Google Slides.

3. In a camera or film setting, slide refers to 35mm slide film, invented in the mid-1930s and used until the early 2000s.
Slides have since been replaced by 35mm film strips, which were then replaced by digital images.

4. Slide may also describe the motion of swiping your finger. See our swipe definition for further information on this
term.

Workbook : In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is a collection of one or more spreadsheets, also called worksheets, in a
single file. Below is an example of a spreadsheet called "Sheet1" in an Excel workbook file called "Book1." Our example
also has the "Sheet2" and "Sheet3" sheet tabs, which are also part of the same workbook.

Ques98. What is the difference between slide sorter and slide show view ?

Ques99.i) What is the difference between mainframe and super computer?

iii) What is OMR ? what is purpose of OMR

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S.NO. Super computer Mainframe computer

Supercomputers are used for While Mainframe computers are
1. large and complex mathematical used as a storage for large
computations. databases and serve as a
maximum number of users
simultaneously.
Supercomputer’s speed is more Mainframe computer’s speed is
than Mainframe computer. It comparatively less than
2. can execute billions of Supercomputers. In these
instructions within a second. millions of instructions are
executed simultaneously.
Supercomputers are the largest Mainframe computers are
3. computers. smaller than supercomputers in
size
4. Supercomputers are the costliest Mainframe computers are less
in the world. costly than supercomputers.
In the present, the While Mainframe computers can
5. supercomputers have Linux and have multiple operating
their variant operating systems. systems simultaneously.

ii) Optical Mark Recognition (OMR), collects data from people by identifying markings on a paper. OMR works by
detecting a reflection or a little amount of light transmission on or through a sheet of paper using a hardware device
(scanner).

• The purpose of OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) is to automate the process of collecting and processing
human-marked data. OMR technology works by detecting and analyzing the marks made by a person on a
specially designed form that has pre-defined areas for marking.
• OMR is commonly used for applications such as multiple-choice tests, surveys, and other similar data
collection activities that require the collection and analysis of data that has been marked by humans. OMR
technology can quickly and accurately read large volumes of data, reducing the time and effort required for
data entry and analysis.
• The benefits of OMR technology include increased efficiency and accuracy in data processing, reduced costs
associated with manual data entry, and improved data security. OMR technology is widely used in various
industries, such as education, healthcare, market research, and government, to streamline data collection and
processing activities.

Overall, the purpose of OMR is to simplify and automate the process of collecting and analyzing human-marked data,
allowing organizations to improve their efficiency and accuracy in data processing

Ques 100. Define

• Placeholder
• Slide
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• Transition
• Animation
• Slide Sorter view
Ans . i) 1. In computer programming, a placeholder is a character, word, or string of characters that temporarily takes
the place of the final data. For example, a programmer may know that she needs a certain number of values or
variables, but doesn't yet know what to input. She can use a placeholder as a temporary solution until a proper value
or variable can be assigned.

A placeholder in programming code may also be used to indicate where specific code needs to be added, but the
programmer has not yet written the code. The placeholder reminds the programmer where to add code, or can let
other programmers know that additional code still needs to be added in general.

ii) Slide may refer to any of the following:

Slide Layout

1. With a slide show or slide presentation, a slide is a single page or image shown in a slideshow. For example, when
watching a picture slideshow of ten pictures, a single picture is considered a slide.

With a presentation or program like Microsoft PowerPoint, a slide is one page of text, images, or animations. For
example, in the slide layout to the right, there are four slides shown.

2. When used as a plural noun (more than one), slides refers to more than one slide and may also be an abbreviated
form of Google Slides.

3. In a camera or film setting, slide refers to 35mm slide film, invented in the mid-1930s and used until the early 2000s.
Slides have since been replaced by 35mm film strips, which were then replaced by digital images.

4. Slide may also describe the motion of swiping your finger. See our swipe definition for further information on this
term.

iii) The transitions are adjusted in a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation by clicking the Transitions tab. Once in the
Transitions section, you'll see each of the available Transitions and can click the down arrows to scroll through and
view all available Transitions. Clicking any of the transitions give you an overview of the transition. Clicking Effect
Options lets you change the direction or other options of the effect. Sounds allow you to have a sound on each
transition. Duration lets you increase or decrease the duration or time of the effect.

iv) Animation is a method by which still figures are manipulated to appear as moving images. In traditional animation,
images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film.
Today, many animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI). Computer animation can be very detailed
3D animation, while 2D computer animation (which may have the look of traditional animation) can be used for
stylistic reasons, low bandwidth, or faster real-time renderings. Other common animation methods apply a stop
motion technique to two- and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets, or clay figures.

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v) Slide Sorter view is a feature included in Microsoft PowerPoint software that allows the user to see all the slides in a
presentation at one time. The slides appear in the task pane as small graphics that are arranged in rows and columns.

Slide Sorter view provides the user with the ability to select several slides at one time. Once selected, transitions or
other effects can be applied to the slides with fewer keystrokes than if the slides were displayed individually. In
addition to Slide Sorter view, PowerPoint allows Normal and Slide Show views. Slide Show view presents slides one at
a time in full screen format, similar to the finished presentation.

Ques 101.i) Explain difference between bus topology and star topology

ii)What is cookies, explain

Ans. i)

S.NO. Star topology Bus topology

Star topology is a topology in Bus topology is a topology where
1. which all devices are connected each device is connected to a
to a central hub. single cable which is known as
the backbone.
In star topology, if the central In a Bus topology, the failure of
2. hub fails then the whole network the network cable will cause the
fails. whole network to fail.
In star topology, there is a non- In a bus topology, there is a
3. linear arrangement of nodes in a linear arrangement of nodes in a
network. network.
Management of high traffic and Bus topology can not effectively
performance of the network is manage a terminator’s high
4. highly dependent on the amount of traffic as if there is
capacity of the central hub. high traffic then the
performance of the network is
affected.
7. Star topology does not have any Bus topology has a terminators
terminator. at both ends of the network.

ii) What is cookies, explain

Ans. Cookies are small files of information that a web server generates and sends to a web browser. Web browsers
store the cookies they receive for a predetermined period of time, or for the length of a user's session on a website.
They attach the relevant cookies to any future requests the user makes of the web server.

Cookies help inform websites about the user, enabling the websites to personalize the user experience. For example,
ecommerce websites use cookies to know what merchandise users have placed in their shopping carts. In addition,
some cookies are necessary for security purposes, such as authentication cookies (see below).

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The cookies that are used on the Internet are also called "HTTP cookies." Like much of the web, cookies are sent using
the HTTP protocol.

Ques 102. Write short note on scanner

Ans. A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages and similar sources
for computer editing and display.

Scanners work by converting the image on the document into digital information that can be stored on a computer
through optical character recognition (OCR).

This process is done by a scanning head, which uses one or more sensors to capture the image as light or electrical
charges.

The document scanner moves either the physical document or the scanning head, depending on the type of scanner.
Then, the scanner processes the scanned image and produces a digital image that can be stored on a computer.

Ques103 .i)Convert 1101111 to it’s equivalent decimal number

ii)Convert 34 to it’s equivalent binary number

Ans . i) To convert binary number 1101111 to decimal, follow these two steps:

Step 1 : Start from one's place in 1101111 : multiply ones place with 2^0, tens place with 2^1, hundreds place with 2^2
and so on from right to left

Step 2 : Add all the product we got from step 1 to get the decimal equivalent of 1101111.

Using the above steps, here is the work involved in the solution for converting 1101111 to decimal number (Don't
forget that we start from ones place to so on...)

Decimal equivalent of "1" = 1 × 2^0 = 1

Decimal equivalent of "1" = 1 × 2^1 = 2

Decimal equivalent of "1" = 1 × 2^2 = 4

Decimal equivalent of "1" = 1 × 2^3 = 8

Decimal equivalent of "0" = 0 × 2^4 = 0

Decimal equivalent of "1" = 1 × 2^5 = 32

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Decimal equivalent of "1" = 1 × 2^6 = 64

Decimal equivalent of "1101111" = 643208421

1101111 = 111

Here is the final answer, The binary number 1101111 converted to decimal is therefore equal to: 111

ii) As we explain the steps to converting 34 to binary, it is important to know the name of the parts of a division
problem. In a problem like A divided by B equals C, A is the Dividend, B is the Divisor and C is the Quotient.

The Quotient has two parts. The Whole part and the Fractional part. The Fractional part is also known as the
Remainder.

Step 1) Divide 34 by 2 to get the Quotient. Keep the Whole part for the next step and set the Remainder aside.

Step 2) Divide the Whole part of the Quotient from Step 1 by 2. Again, keep the Whole part and set the Remainder
aside.

Step 3) Repeat Step 2 above until the Whole part is 0.

Step 4) Write down the Remainders in reverse order to get the answer to 34 as a binary.

Here we will show our work so you can follow along:

34 / 2 = 17 with 0 remainder

17 / 2 = 8 with 1 remainder

8 / 2 = 4 with 0 remainder

4 / 2 = 2 with 0 remainder

2 / 2 = 1 with 0 remainder

1 / 2 = 0 with 1 remainder

Then, when we put the remainders together in reverse order, we get the answer. The decimal number 34 converted to
binary is therefore:

100010

Ques104. i) Define operating system, why it is required ?

ii)What is search box, why it is used ?

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Ans. i) An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating
system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process
management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

An operating system is software that enables applications to interact with a computer's hardware. The software that
contains the core components of the operating system is called the kernel.

The primary purposes of an Operating System are to enable applications (spftwares) to interact with a computer's
hardware and to manage a system's hardware and software resources.

ii) A search box, search field or search bar is a graphical control element used in computer programs, such as file
managers or web browsers, and on web sites. A search box is usually a single-line text box or search icon (which will
transform into a search box on click activity) with the dedicated function of accepting user input to be searched for in
a database. Search boxes on web pages are usually used to allow users to enter a query to be submitted to a Web
search engine server-side script, where an index database is queried for entries that contain one or more of the user's
keyword research.

Ques105 .What is filtering ? how to filter data record in excel

Ans. In computer applications, a filter is a program or section of code that's designed to examine each input or output
request for certain qualifying criteria and then process or forward it accordingly. A filter is passthrough code that takes
input data, makes some specific decision about it and possibly transforms it, and passes it on to another program in a
kind of pipeline. Usually, a filter doesn't do input/output operations on its own. Filters are sometimes used to remove
or insert headers or control characters in data.

The process begins with the drop-down arrow appearing on the headings of each column. There are three methods to
enable filter in excel. You can choose the one based on your convenience and needs. Let’s have a glance at each one of
them.

1. Filter option in Home tab: Select a cell from the record. Under the Home tab, there’s an option visible as ‘Sort &
Filter’. From the drop-down list select ‘Filter’.

Filter-option-in-Home-tab

2. Filter option in Data tab: Select a cell from the record. Under the Data tab, there’s an option visible as ‘Filter’.
Click on it and you can see the drop drop-down on each column header.

3. With shortcut keys: Select any cell from the record and simply go with any of these methods:

4.Ctrl + Shift + L

5 Alt + A + T

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Ques106. What is slide transition in PowerPoint, give one example

Ans. Slide transitions are the animation-like effects that happen when you move from one slide to the next during a
presentation. Add slide transitions to bring your PowerPoint presentation to life. Select the slide you want to add a
transition to. Select the Transitions tab and choose a transition.

Ques107. Write short note HTTP

Ans. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is used to access data on the WWW (World Wide Web). It is a
protocol which governs the communication between the client and server.

There are three important features of HTTP:

i. HTTP is Connectionless
After a request is made, the client disconnects from the server and waits for a response. The server must re-
establish the connection after it processes the request.

ii. HTTP is Media Independent

Any type of data can be sent by HTTP as long as both the client and server know how to handle the data
content.

iii. HTTP is Stateless

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This is a direct result of HTTP being connectionless. The server and client are aware of each other only during a
request. Afterwards, each forgets the other. For this reason neither the client now the browser can retain
information between different requests across the web pages.

Working:

i. A browser contacts a server to establish a TCP connection with it.

ii. The HTTP software on the client sends a request to the server. The HTTP software on the server interprets
this request and sends the response to the client.

iii. HTTP Commands:

a. GET : Request by a client to obtain a web page from the server.

b. PUT : Request by a client to store a web page on the server.

c. POST : Request by a client to update contents of a web page on the server.

d. DELETE: Request by a client to remove a web page from the server.

Ques108. What is cache memory ? what are it’s advantages ?

Ans. cache memory, also called cache, supplementary memory system that temporarily stores frequently used
instructions and data for quicker processing by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. The cache augments,
and is an extension of, a computer’s main memory. Both main memory and cache are internal random-access
memories (RAMs) that use semiconductor-based transistor circuits. Cache holds a copy of only the most frequently
used information or program codes stored in the main memory. The smaller capacity of the cache reduces the time
required to locate data within it and provide it to the CPU for processing.

The advantages are as follows:

I. It is faster than the main memory.

II. The access time is quite less in comparison to the main memory.
III. The speed of accessing data increases hence, the CPU works faster.
IV. Moreover, the performance of the CPU also becomes better.
V. The recent data stores in the cache and therefore, the outputs are faster.

Ques109. Name different version of window

1. Windows 1.0
It was released on November 20, 1985

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Pure Operating Environment

Used Graphical User Interface
Simple Graphics
Offered limited multi-tasking was expected to have a better future potential
2. Windows 2.0
It was released on December 9, 1987
16-bit Graphic User Interface (GUI) based operating environment
Introduced Control Panel, and the first version of MS Word and Excel
Unlike Windows 1.0, it had the capacity to allow applications to overlap each other
It was also the last Windows OS which did not require a hard disk
Hardware played an important role
3. Windows 3.0
It was released in 1990
It was better at multitasking
Used 8086 microprocessors
It has both, conventional and extendable memory
First version of Windows to gather critical appreciation
Better memory/ storage .

Ques110. Write short note on distributed operating system

Ans . A distributed operating system is system software over a collection of independent software, networked,
communicating, and physically separate computational nodes. They handle jobs which are serviced by multiple
CPUs.[1] Each individual node holds a specific software subset of the global aggregate operating system. Each
subset is a composite of two distinct service provisioners.[2] The first is a ubiquitous minimal kernel, or
microkernel, that directly controls that node's hardware. Second is a higher-level collection of system
management components that coordinate the node's individual and collaborative activities. These
components abstract microkernel functions and support user applications.[3]

The microkernel and the management components collection work together. They support the system's goal
of integrating multiple resources and processing functionality into an efficient and stable system.[4] This
seamless integration of individual nodes into a global system is referred to as transparency, or single system
image; describing the illusion provided to users of the global system's appearance as a single computational
entity.

Ques111. Write short note on editing a document

Ans. Document editing is, simply put, the process of having someone review your document to assess the
writing quality and make suggestions or changes to improve it. These changes can vary in scope and substance
depending on the specific type of editing you request or how well-written your document is.

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Depending on the type of document editing you need, you may be able to do it yourself or ask a colleague. For
more important documents, you may want to seek out a professional document editing service. The best
editing services will offer a variety of editing levels and have different editing specialists available to review
your work. This means academics will review academic papers, while a former marketing specialist may be on
hand to edit your marketing proposal.

Ques112. Define

• Virus
• Blog
• Downloading
• Cookies
• Chat
• Virus: Computer viruses aim to disrupt systems, cause major operational issues, and result in data loss and
leakage. A key thing to know about computer viruses is that they are designed to spread across programs and
systems. Computer viruses typically attach to an executable host file, which results in their viral codes
executing when a file is opened. The code then spreads from the document or software it is attached to via
networks, drives, file-sharing programs, or infected email attachments.

• Blog: A blog, short for weblog, is a frequently updated web page used for personal commentary or business
content. Blogs are often interactive and include sections at the bottom of individual blog posts where readers can
leave comments.

• Downloading: In computer networks, download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a
server[1] such as a web server, an FTP server, an email server, or other similar system. This contrasts with
uploading, where data is sent to a remote server. A download is a file offered for downloading or that has
been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file.

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• Cookies: cookie is a piece of data from a website that is stored within a web browser that the website can
retrieve at a later time. Cookies are used to tell the server that users have returned to a particular website.
When users return to a website, a cookie provides information and allows the site to display selected settings
and targeted content.
• Chat: Chat refers to the process of communicating, interacting and/or exchanging messages over the Internet.
It involves two or more individuals that communicate through a chat-enabled service or software.
Advertisements. Chat is also known as chatting, online chat or Internet chat.

113. Write short note on classifications of computer ?

Ans. Computers can be classified based on various parameters such as their purpose, size, capabilities, and technology
used. Here are some common ways computers are classified:

• Based on their purpose: Computers can be classified into general-purpose computers, which can perform a
variety of tasks, and special-purpose computers, which are designed to perform a specific task.
• Based on their: size Computers can be classified into four categories: supercomputers, mainframes,
minicomputers, and microcomputers. Supercomputers are used for high-performance computing and
research. Mainframes are used by large organizations for handling large amounts of data. Minicomputers are
smaller than mainframes but larger than microcomputers and are used in small businesses. Microcomputers
are also known as personal computers and are used by individuals for personal and professional use.
• Based on their capabilities: Computers can be classified into analog computers, digital computers, and hybrid
computers. Analog computers process continuous data and are used in scientific and engineering applications.
Digital computers process discrete data and are used in general-purpose computing. Hybrid computers
combine the capabilities of analog and digital computers.
Based on the technology used: Computers can be classified into vacuum tube computers, transistor
computers, and integrated circuit computers. Vacuum tube computers were the first generation of computers
and used vacuum tubes as electronic components. Transistor computers used transistors instead of vacuum
tubes and were smaller, faster, and more reliable. Integrated circuit computers used integrated circuits, which
are small chips that contain many electronic components, and are the basis for modern computers

114. What is UPS? why it is required.

Ans. UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power Supply. It is an electrical device that provides emergency power to a
load when the main power source fails. The UPS system is designed to protect electronic devices from power
disturbances, such as power surges, voltage dips, and power outages.

❖ UPS is required because it ensures that critical electronic devices and systems, such as servers, computers, and
data centers, stay operational during power failures. The uninterrupted power supply provided by the UPS
allows these devices to continue to function for a short period of time, giving users the time they need to
safely shut down the equipment or switch to a backup power source.
❖ UPS also helps to protect electronic devices from power surges and voltage dips, which can damage or corrupt
data and cause hardware failures. By providing stable and clean power, UPS helps to extend the lifespan of
electronic devices and prevent costly downtime and repairs.
❖ In summary, UPS is required to ensure the reliable and continuous operation of critical electronic devices and
systems, protect them from power disturbances, and prevent data loss and hardware device.

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Ques:115. What are the five basic operations performed by computer? explain with
diagram

Ans: The five basic operations performed by a computer are input, output, storage, processing, and control.
These operations are collectively known as the Information Processing Cycle.

Input: The process of entering data into a computer system is called input. Input devices are used to transfer
data and commands into the computer. Examples of input devices include a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and
microphone.

Output: The process of displaying or outputting information from a computer system is called output. Output
devices are used to display the results of processing data. Examples of output devices include a monitor,
printer, and speaker.

Storage: The process of saving and retrieving data from a computer system is called storage. A computer
stores data in primary and secondary storage devices. Examples of primary storage devices include RAM and
cache, while examples of secondary storage devices include hard drives and flash drives.

Processing: The process of manipulating data to produce useful information is called processing. The central
processing unit (CPU) of a computer carries out the processing operations. The CPU fetches data from
memory, performs calculations, and stores the results back in memory.

Control: The process of controlling the operation of a computer system is called control. The control unit of a
computer coordinates the flow of data between the input, output, processing, and storage devices.

Ques:116. Explain difference between title bar and task bar

The title bar as the name suggests is the top bar of every Window you see. It contains the name of the application
and it has 3 buttons that allow you to close, maximize and minimize the window. The task bar is where all the open
tasks sit on, where the Start button is and it's at the bottom of your screen.

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Ques.117 Explain
• Maximize button
• Minimize button
• Shut down computer
• Warm booting
• Closing button

o Maximize button: The maximize button is a button on the top-right corner of a window on a computer
screen. When you click on it, the window will expand to take up the entire screen, giving you a better
view of the content in the window.

o Minimize button: The minimize button is a button on the top-right corner of a window on a computer
screen. When you click on it, the window will shrink and disappear from the screen, but the program
will continue to run in the background. You can bring the window back up by clicking on its icon in the
taskbar.

o Shut down computer: Shutting down a computer is the process of turning it off completely. When you
shut down your computer, all programs and files are closed, and the computer goes through a series
of steps to save any unsaved data before powering off.

o Warm booting: Warm booting, also known as a restart or reboot, is the process of restarting a
computer without turning it off completely. When you restart your computer, all programs and files
are closed, and the operating system reloads. This can be helpful in resolving certain issues or errors
on your computer.

o Closing button: The closing button is a button on the top-right corner of a window on a computer
screen. When you click on it, the window will be closed, and the program will be shut down. It is
important to save any unsaved work before clicking the closing button to avoid losing data.

Ques.118 Write short note on text alignment in MS Word

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1. Left alignment:- A paragraph or a text is left-aligned when that paragraph or text is aligned evenly along the left
margin of the page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a paragraph
text left-aligned.
Shortcut key:- ctrl+L
2. Right alignment:- A paragraph’s text is said to be right-aligned when it is aligned evenly along the right margin of the
page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a paragraph text right-aligned.
Shortcut
Centered alignment:- A paragraph’s key:-ctrl+R
text or a text will be center-aligned if the paragraph or text is in the center of the
left and right margins of the page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a
paragraph text center-aligned.
Shortcut key:-ctrl+E
4. Justify alignment:- A paragraph’s text is said to be justified when it is aligned evenly along both the left side and the
right side margins of the page in MS-Word. Now, we will learn step by step with the help of a diagram to make a
paragraph text justified. Shortcut key:-ctrl+J

Ques119 Explain the use of bookmark and Go to feature in Word

Ans. Bookmarks and Go To are features in Microsoft Word that allow users to quickly navigate to specific parts of a
document.

A bookmark is a reference point that you can place anywhere in a document. It acts as a marker for a specific location,
such as a heading, graphic, or table. Bookmarks can be useful for long documents where you need to navigate back
and forth between different sections. To create a bookmark, select the text or object that you want to bookmark, click
on the Insert tab, and select Bookmark. Give your bookmark a name, and click on Add. To navigate to a bookmark, go
to the Insert tab, select Bookmark, and click on the name of the bookmark you want to go to.

The Go To feature allows you to quickly navigate to specific parts of a document using various criteria such as page
number, section, or type of content. To access the Go To feature, press Ctrl + G on your keyboard or go to the Home
tab, click on Find, and select Go To. In the Go To dialog box, you can choose from different options such as page
number, section, heading, footnote, and more. This feature can be especially helpful in long documents where you
need to navigate quickly to a specific page or section.

Ques120 Explain difference between function and formula in excel, explain in detail
basic formula function
1.meaning a formula in Excel is a mathematical Functions in Excel are formulas predefined
equation. It is made from values or within the spreadsheet; they are executed
mathematical data that we have using specific values known as arguments.
entered into the cells. You can create These values are structured and follow a
particular sequence, like an Excel macro.

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a formula from direct values or with

cell references.
2.identy Formula Function
=4+3 =sum()
3.syntax Formulas do not have a particular Functions follow a particular syntax in excel.
syntax in excel. Syntax has to be followed in order.
4.used A formula cannot be used as a A function can be used as a formula.
function.
5.calculation Simple calculations can be performed While complex calculations using a function are
manually using a formula. more difficult to do.

Ques121. What is the difference between header and footer

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Ques122. What are the steps for inserting the tables and clipart
Ans. Inserting Tables in Microsoft Word:

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the table.

2. Click on the Insert tab in the ribbon.
3. Click on the Table button, and choose the number of rows and columns you want to insert.
4. If you need to insert a larger table, you can click on the Insert Table option at the bottom of the menu and enter the
number of rows and columns.
5. Once you have chosen the size of the table, click to insert it.

Inserting Clip Art in Microsoft Word:

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the clipart.

2. Click on the Insert tab in the ribbon.
3. Click on the Clip Art button.
4. In the Clip Art pane, type a keyword or phrase related to the clip art you want to insert in the Search for box, and click
Go.
5. Scroll through the results to find the clip art you want to insert.
6. Click on the clip art to insert it into your document.

Alternatively, you can also insert clip art from a file on your computer:

1. Place your cursor where you want to insert the clipart.

2. Click on the Insert tab in the ribbon.
3. Click on the Pictures button.
4. Navigate to the location of the clip art file on your computer.
5. Click on the file to select it, and then click Insert.

Ques 123. What is IP address ? explain it’s use in internet

Ans. An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical identifier that is assigned to every device connected to the
internet. The IP address enables devices to communicate with each other over the internet.

IP addresses are made up of four sets of numbers separated by periods, with each set ranging from 0 to 255. For
example, 192.168.0.1 is a typical IP address format.

Every device on the internet must have an IP address to communicate with other devices. When a device sends data
over the internet, it includes its IP address in the data packet. The data is then routed through various networks and
devices until it reaches the destination device, which uses the IP address to identify the source of the data.

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IP addresses are used in a variety of ways on the internet. They are used to identify and route data between devices,
to provide access to websites and other online resources, and to facilitate communication between devices and
networks.

There are two types of IP addresses: static and dynamic. A static IP address is assigned permanently to a device and
does not change. This type of IP address is typically used by servers and other devices that need a consistent address
for a long period of time. A dynamic IP address, on the other hand, is assigned by the internet service provider (ISP)
and can change each time a device connects to the internet. This type of IP address is typically used by personal
computers and other devices that do not require a consistent address.

In summary, IP addresses are a critical component of the internet infrastructure, allowing devices to communicate
with each other and access online resources. They are essential for routing data between devices, providing access to
websites and other online resources, and facilitating communication between devices and networks.

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