Designation: A 193/A 193M – 09

Standard Specification for

Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for High
Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special
Purpose Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 193/A 193M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.5 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S14 are pro-

1.1 This specification2 covers alloy and stainless steel bolt- vided for use when additional tests or inspection are desired.
ing material for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings These shall apply only when specified in the purchase order.
for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special 1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
purpose applications. The term bolting material as used in this and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
specification covers bars, bolts, screws, studs, stud bolts, and applicable M specification designation (SI units), the material
wire. Bars and wire shall be hot-wrought. The material may be shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. 1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated or are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
carbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strain each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
hardened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should take system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly under- values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
stood. with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in

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1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels and brackets.
austenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth. 2. Referenced Documents
Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, me-
chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics. 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
1.3 The following referenced general requirements are in- A 153/A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on
dispensable for application of this specification: Specification Iron and Steel Hardware
A 962/A 962M. A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has included Service, or Both
fifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the present
A 320/A 320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the
committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
NOTE 2—For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use at A 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy
the lower range of high temperature applications, reference should be Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-
made to Specification A 354. ers
NOTE 3—For grades of alloy-steel bolting material suitable for use in A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General
low temperature applications, reference should be made to Specification Requirements
A 320/A 320M.
A 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirements
1.4 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended
Section 14. for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
Range
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
B 633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee on Iron and Steel
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.
3
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A 193/A 193M-08b. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 A 193/A 193M – 09
B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically 3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated
Deposited on Iron and Steel (Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),
B 696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2B
Deposited and 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1C
B 766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad- apply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainless
mium steels; Class 1D applies to material carbide solution treated by
E 18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic cooling rapidly from the rolling temperature),
Materials 3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,
E 21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests screws, or studs),
of Metallic Materials 3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size 14.1,
E 139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture, 3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and
and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic Materials 3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 7.1.5.1,
E 150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep and 7.2.6, 9.1, 14.1, and 15.1.
Creep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials Under 3.2 Coatings—Coatings are prohibited unless specified by
Conditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times4 the purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements S13 and S14).
E 151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of Metallic When coated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should take
Materials at Elevated Temperatures With Rapid Heating special care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-
and Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates4 stood.
E 292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture
Notch Tension Tests of Materials 4. Common Requirements
E 328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials and
4.1 Material and fasteners supplied to this specification shall
Structures
conform to the requirements of Specification A 962/A 962M.
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting
These requirements include test methods, finish, thread dimen-
of Ferrous Metals
sions, marking, certification, optional supplementary require-
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
ments, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
Specification A 962/A 962M constitutes nonconformance with
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
this specification. In case of conflict between this specification
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
and Specification A 962/A 962M, this specification shall pre-
F 1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to
vail.
Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated
Fasteners
5. Manufacture (Process)
F 1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on
Threaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/ 5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the following
UNR)) processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or
vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may be

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F 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts, vacuum-treated prior to or during pouring of the ingot or strand
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners casting.
2.2 ANSI Standards:5 5.2 Quality—See Specification A 962/A 962M for require-
B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and Screws ments.
B18.2.3.1M Metric Hex Cap Screws
B18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket Screws 6. Discard
B18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws 6.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom
2.3 AIAG Standard:6 from injurious piping and undue segregation.
AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-
cation Standard 7. Heat Treatment
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information 7.1 Ferritic Steels
3.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, as 7.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperature
required, to describe the desired material adequately: below the cooling transformation range immediately after
rolling or forging. Materials shall then be uniformly reheated to
the proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thus
4
5
Withdrawn. reheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched in a
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
liquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for each
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
6
Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd., quenching charge, and tempered. The minimum tempering
Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http://www.aiag.org. temperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.

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 A 193/A 193M – 09
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)A

Type . . . . . . . . . Ferritic Steels

Grade . . . . . . . . B5 B6 and B6X
Description. . . . . . . . 5% Chromium 12 % Chromium
UNS Designation . . . . . . . . S41000 (410)
Range Product Variation, Range Product Variation
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.08–0.15 0.01 over
Manganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 over
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 over
Chromium 4.0–6.0 0.10 11.5–13.5 0.15
Molybdenum 0.40–0.65 0.05 ... ...

Type . . . . . . . . . . Ferritic Steels

Grade . . . . . . B7, B7M B16
C
Description . . . . . . . . . Chromium-Molybdenum Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Over or UnderB Range Over or UnderB
Carbon 0.37–0.49D 0.02 0.36–0.47 0.02
Manganese 0.65–1.10 0.04 0.45–0.70 0.03
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 over
Silicon 0.15–0.35 0.02 0.15–0.35 0.02
Chromium 0.75–1.20 0.05 0.80–1.15 0.05
Molybdenum 0.15–0.25 0.02 0.50–0.65 0.03
Vanadium ... ... 0.25–0.35 0.03
Aluminum, max %E ... ... 0.015 ...
Type Austenitic Steels,F Classes 1, 1A, 1D, and 2
Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PA
UNS Designation . . . . . . S30400 (304) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500
Product Variation, Product Variation, Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Range Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 17.0–19.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20 17.0–19.0 0.20
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 9.0–12.0 0.15 10.0–14.0 0.15 11.0–13.0 0.15
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10 ... ...
Columbium + ... ... 10 x carbon 0.05 under ... ... ... ...
tantalum content, min;
1.10 max

Type . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic Steels,F Classes 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2

Grade . . . . . B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNA
UNS Designation . . . . S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254
......
Product Variation, Product Variation, Range Product Variation,
Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010 0.002 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20 19.5–20.5 0.20
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 10.0–13.0 0.15 17.5–18.5 0.15
Molybdenum ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10 6.0–6.5 0.10
Nitrogen 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.18–0.22 0.02
Copper ... ... ... ... 0.50–1.00 ...
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 A 193/A 193M – 09

TABLE 1 Continued
Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2
Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B8T, B8TA
UNS Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S32100 (321)
Product Variation,
Range
Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.08 0.01 over
Manganese, max 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon, max 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 17.0–19.0 0.20
Nickel 9.0–12.0 0.15
Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 under
Nitrogen 0.10 max ...
Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1D
Grade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SA
UNS Designation S20910 S21800
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 over
Manganese 4.0–6.0 0.05 7.0–9.0 0.06
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.5–4.5 0.15
Chromium 20.5–23.5 0.25 16.0–18.0 0.20
Nickel 11.5–13.5 0.15 8.0–9.0 0.10
Molybdenum 1.50–3.00 0.10 ... ...
Nitrogen 0.20–0.40 0.02 0.08–0.18 0.01
Columbium + tantalum 0.10–0.30 0.05 ... ...
Vanadium 0.10–0.30 0.02 ... ...

Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1D

Grade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNA
UNS Designation S30453 S31653
Product Variation, Product Variation,
Range Range
Over or UnderB Over or UnderB
Carbon, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Manganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over
Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over
Silicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over
Chromium 18.0–20.0 0.20 16.0–18.0 0.20
Nickel 8.0–11.0 0.15 10.0–13.0 0.15
Molybdenum ... ... 2.00–3.00 0.10
Nitrogen 0.10–0.16 0.01 0.10–0.16 0.01
A
The intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.
B
Product analysis—Individual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individual
element in a heat may not vary both above and below the specified range.
C
Typical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.
D
For bar sizes over 31⁄2 in. [90 mm], inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, provided
that the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.
E
Total of soluble and insoluble.
F
Classes 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1B, and some 1C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class 1A (B8A, B8CA, B8MA,
B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, and B8MNA) and some Class 1C (B9RA and B8SA) products are solution treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products are
solution treated and strain hardened.

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 A 193/A 193M – 09
TABLE 2 Mechanical Requirements — Inch Products

Minimum Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation Reduction Hardness,

Tempering Strength, min, 0.2 % in 4D, of Area, max
Grade Diameter, in.
Temperature, min, ksi offset, min, % min, %
°F ksi
Ferritic Steels
B5
4 to 6 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 100 80 16 50 ...
B6
13 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 110 85 15 50 ...
B6X
13 % chromium up to 4, incl 1100 90 70 16 50 26 HRC
B7
Chromium-molybdenum 21⁄2 and under 1100 125 105 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 21⁄2 to 4 1100 115 95 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 4 to 7 1100 100 75 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
A
B7M Chromium-molybdenum 4 and under 1150 100 80 18 50 235 HB or
99 HRB
over 4 to 7 1150 100 75 18 50 235 BHN or
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99 HRB
B16
Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium 21⁄2 and under 1200 125 105 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 21⁄2 to 4 1200 110 95 17 45 321 HB or
35 HRC
over 4 to 8 1200 100 85 16 45 321 HB or
35 HRC

Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Grade, Diameter, in. Heat TreatmentB min, ksi min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
% offset, min % min %
ksi
Austenitic Steels
Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P, carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HB or 96 HRBC
B8LN,
B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all carbide solution treated 75 30 30 50 223 HB or 96HRBC
diameters
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, carbide solution treated in the finished 75 30 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, condition
B8NA, B8MNA
B8MLCuNA, all diameters

Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN, carbide solution treated 80 35 30 40 223 HB or 96 HRBC
B8MLCuN, all diameters
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all carbide solution treated 100 55 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 100 55 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition

Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all carbide solution treated 95 50 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
diameters
Classes 1C: B8SA, carbide solution treated in the finished 95 50 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
all diameters condition
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, carbide solution treated and strain 125 100 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
D
B8N, hardened
3⁄4 and under

over 3⁄4 to 1, incl 115 80 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC

over 1 to 11⁄4 , incl 105 65 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 , incl 100 50 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN, B8MLCuND carbide solution treated and strain 110 95 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
3⁄4 and under hardened
over 3⁄4 to 1 incl 100 80 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Over 1 to 11⁄4 , incl 95 65 25 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over 11⁄4 to 11⁄2 , incl 90 50 30 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2B: B8, B8M2D carbide solution treated and strain 95 75 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 and under hardened
over 2 to 21⁄2 incl 90 65 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC

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 A 193/A 193M – 09

TABLE 2 Continued
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Grade, Diameter, in. Heat TreatmentB min, ksi min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
% offset, min % min %
ksi
Austenitic Steels
over 21⁄2 to 3 incl 80 55 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2C: B8M3D carbide solution treated and strain 85 65 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
2 and under hardened
over 2 85 60 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
A
To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HB (93 HRB).
B
Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical due to physical property requirement.
Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in
sizes over 3⁄4 in. in diameter.
C
For sizes 3⁄4 in. in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.
D
For diameters 11⁄2 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at 1⁄2 radius.

TABLE 3 Mechanical Requirements—Metric Products

Minimum Tensile Yield Strength, Elongation Reduction Hardness,

Tempering Strength, min, 0.2 % in 4D, of Area, max
Class Diameter, [mm]
Temperature, min, offset, min, % min, %
°C MPa MPa
Ferritic Steels
B5
4 to 6 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 690 550 16 50 ...
B6
13 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 760 585 15 50 ...
B6X
13 % chromium up to M100, incl 593 620 485 16 50 26 HRC
B7
Chromium-molybdenum M64 and under 593 860 720 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M64 to M100 593 795 655 16 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M100 to M180 593 690 515 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
B7MAChromium-molybdenum M100 and under 620 690 550 18 50 235 HB or
99 HRB
over M100 to M180 620 690 515 18 50 235 BHN or
99 HRB
B16
Chromium-molybdenum-vanadium M64 and under 650 860 725 18 50 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M64 to M100 650 760 655 17 45 321 HB or
35 HRC
over M100 to M180 650 690 585 16 45 321 HB or
35 HRC

Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB min, min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
MPa % offset, min % min %
MPa
Austenitic Steels
Classes 1 and 1D; B8, B8M, B8P, B8LN, carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HB or 96 HRBC
B8MLN, all diameters
Class 1: B8C, B8T, all carbide solution treated 515 205 30 50 223 HB or 96HRBC
diameters
Class 1A: B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, carbide solution treated in the finished 515 205 30 50 192 HB or 90 HRB
B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, B8MNA condition
B8MLCuNA, all diameters

Classes 1B and 1D: B8N, B8MN, carbide solution treated 550 240 30 40 223 HB or 96 HRBC
B8MLCuN, all diameters
Classes 1C and 1D: B8R, all diameters carbide solution treated 690 380 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
Class 1C: B8RA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the finished 690 380 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
condition

Classes 1C and 1D: B8S, all diameters carbide solution treated 655 345 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
Classes 1C: B8SA, carbide solution treated in the finished 655 345 35 55 271 HB or 28 HRC
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 A 193/A 193M – 09

TABLE 3 Continued
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength, Elongation Reduction
Hardness,
Class Diameter, mm Heat TreatmentB min, min, 0.2 in 4 D, of Area,
max
MPa % offset, min % min %
MPa
Austenitic Steels
all diameters condition
Class 2: B8, B8C, B8P, B8T, B8N,D carbide solution treated and strain 860 690 12 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
M20 and under hardened
over M20 to M24, incl 795 550 15 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M24 to M30, incl 725 450 20 35 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M30 to M36, incl 690 345 28 45 321 HB or 35 HRC

Class 2: B8M, B8MN, B8MLCuN,D carbide solution treated and strain 760 655 15 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
M20 and under hardened
over M20 to M24, incl 690 550 20 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M24 to M30, incl 655 450 25 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M30 to M36, incl 620 345 30 45 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2B: B8, B8M2,D carbide solution treated and strain 655 515 25 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
M48 and under hardened
over M48 to M64, incl 620 450 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
over M64 to M72, incl 550 380 30 40 321 HB or 35 HRC
Class 2C: B8M3,D carbide solution treated and strain 585 450 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
M48 and under hardened
over M48 585 415 30 60 321 HB or 35 HRC
A
To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall be over 200 HB (93 HRB).
B
Class 1 is solution treated. Class 1A is solution treated in the finished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical due to physical property requirement.
Class 2 is solution treated and strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uniform properties throughout the section particularly in
sizes over M20 mm in diameter
C
For sizes M20 mm in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HB (100 HRB) is permitted.
D
For diameters M38 and over, center (core) properties may be lower than indicated by test reports which are based on values determined at 1⁄2 radius.

7.1.2 Use of water quenching is prohibited for any ferritic 7.1.6 Material Grade B16 shall be heated to a temperature
grade when heat treatment is performed after heading or range from 1700 to 1750 °F [925 to 955 °C] and oil quenched.
threading. The minimum tempering temperature shall be as specified in
7.1.3 Except as permitted below for B6X; material that is Tables 2 and 3.
subsequently cold drawn for dimensional control shall be 7.2 Austenitic Stainless Steels
stress-relieved after cold drawing. The minimum stress-relief 7.2.1 All austenitic stainless steels shall receive a carbide
temperature shall be 100 °F [55 °C] below the tempering solution treatment (see 7.2.2-7.2.5 for specific requirements for
temperature. Tests for mechanical properties shall be per- each class). Classes 1, 1B, 1C (Grades B8R and B8S only), 2,
formed after stress relieving. 2B, and 2C can apply to bar, wire, and finished fasteners. Class
7.1.4 B6 and B6X materials shall be held at the tempering 1A (all grades) and Class 1C (grades B8RA and B8SA only)
temperature for a minimum time of 1 h. B6X material may be can apply to finished fasteners. Class 1D applies only to bar
furnished in the as-rolled-and-tempered condition. Cold work- and wire and finished fasteners that are machined directly from
ing after heat treatment is permitted for B6X material provided Class 1D bar or wire without any subsequent hot or cold
the final hardness meets the requirements of Tables 2 and 3. working.
7.1.5 B7 and B7M bolting material shall be heat treated by 7.2.2 Classes 1 and 1B, and Class 1C Grades B8R and
quenching in a liquid medium and tempering. For B7M B8S—After rolling of the bar, forging, or heading, whether
bolting, the final heat treatment, which may be the tempering done hot or cold, the material shall be heated from ambient
operation if conducted at 1150 °F [620 °C] minimum, shall be temperature and held a sufficient time at a temperature at which
done after all machining and forming operations, including the chromium carbide will go into solution and then shall be
thread rolling and any type of cutting. Surface preparation for cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the
hardness testing, nondestructive evaluation, or ultrasonic bolt carbide.
tensioning is permitted. 7.2.3 Class 1D—Rolled or forged Grades B8, B8M, B8P,
7.1.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, material for Grade B7 B8LN, B8MLN, B8N, B8MN, B8R, and B8S bar shall be
may be heat treated by the Furnace, the Induction or the cooled rapidly immediately following hot working while the
Electrical Resistance method. temperature is above 1750 °F [955 °C] so that grain boundary
NOTE 4—Stress-relaxation properties may vary from heat lot to heat lot
carbides remain in solution. Class 1D shall be restricted to
or these properties may vary from one heat-treating method to another. applications at temperatures less than 850 °F [455 °C].
The purchaser may specify Supplementary Requirement S8, when stress- 7.2.4 Class 1A and Class 1C Grades B8RA and B8SA—
relaxation testing is desired. Finished fasteners shall be carbide solution treated after all

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rolling, forging, heading, and threading operations are com- Ts = tensile strength specified in ksi or MPa in Tables 2 and
plete. This designation does not apply to starting material such 3, and
as bar. Fasteners shall be heated from ambient temperature and At = stress area of the thread section, square inches or
held a sufficient time at a temperature at which the chromium square milimetres, as shown in the Cone Proof Load
carbide will go into solution and then shall be cooled at a rate Tables in Specification A 962/A 962M.
sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the carbide. 10.2 Hardness Requirements:
7.2.5 Classes 2, 2B, and 2C—Material shall be carbide 10.2.1 The hardness shall conform to the requirements
solution treated by heating from ambient temperature and prescribed in Tables 2 and 3. Hardness testing shall be
holding a sufficient time at a temperature at which the performed in accordance with either Specification A 962/
chromium carbide will go into solution and then cooling at a A 962M or with Test Methods F 606.
rate sufficient to prevent the precipitation of the carbide. 10.2.2 Grade B7M—The maximum hardness of the grade
Following this treatment the material shall then be strain shall be 235 HB or 99 HRB. The minimum hardness shall not
hardened to achieve the required properties. be less than 200 HB or 93 HRB. Conformance to this hardness
NOTE 5—Heat treatment following operations performed on a limited shall be ensured by testing the hardness of each stud or bolt by
portion of the product, such as heading, may result in non-uniform grain Brinell or Rockwell B methods in accordance with 10.2.1. The
size and mechanical properties through the section affected. use of 100 % electromagnetic testing for hardness as an
7.2.6 If a scale-free bright finish is required; this shall be alternative to 100 % indentation hardness testing is permissible
specified in the purchase order. when qualified by sampling using indentation hardness testing.
Each lot tested for hardness electromagnetically shall be 100 %
8. Chemical Composition examined in accordance with Practice E 566. Following elec-
8.1 Each alloy shall conform to the chemical composition tromagnetic testing for hardness a random sample of a mini-
requirements prescribed in Table 1. mum of 100 pieces of each heat of steel in each lot (as defined
8.2 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element for in 13.1.1) shall be tested by indentation hardness methods. All
the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the samples must meet hardness requirements to permit acceptance
requirements of another grade for which that element is a of the lot. If any one sample is outside of the specified
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specified element. Furthermore, elements present in concentra- maximum or minimum hardness, the lot shall be rejected and
tions greater than 0.75 weight/% shall be reported. either reprocessed and resampled or tested 100 % by indenta-
tion hardness methods. Product that has been 100 % tested and
9. Heat Analysis found acceptable shall have a line under the grade symbol.
9.1 An analysis of each heat of steel shall be made by the 10.2.2.1 Surface preparation for indentation hardness test-
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements ing shall be in accordance with Test Methods E 18. Hardness
specified in Section 8. The chemical composition thus deter- tests shall be performed on the end of the bolt or stud. When
mined shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s this is impractical, the hardness test shall be performed
representative, and shall conform to the requirements specified elsewhere.
in Section 8. Should the purchaser deem it necessary to have 11. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
the transition zone of two heats sequentially cast discarded, the
11.1 Bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts shall be pointed and
purchaser shall invoke Supplementary Requirement S3 of
shall have a workmanlike finish. Points shall be flat and
Specification A 788.
chamfered or rounded at option of the manufacturer. Length of
10. Mechanical Properties point on studs and stud bolts shall be not less than one nor more
than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end
10.1 Tensile Properties: parallel to the axis. Length of studs and stud bolts shall be
10.1.1 Requirements—The material as represented by the measured from first thread to first thread.
tension specimens shall conform to the requirements pre- 11.2 Bolt heads shall be in accordance with the dimensions
scribed in Tables 2 and 3 at room temperature after heat of ANSI B18.2.1 or ANSI B18.2.3.1M. Unless otherwise
treatment. Alternatively, stainless strain hardened headed fas- specified in the purchase order, the Heavy Hex Screws Series
teners (Class 2, 2B, and 2C) shall be tested full size after strain should be used, except the maximum body diameter and radius
hardening to determine tensile strength and yield strength and of fillet may be the same as for the Heavy Hex Bolt Series. The
shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Tables 2 and 3. body diameter and head fillet radius for sizes of Heavy Hex
Should the results of full size tests conflict with results of Cap Screws and Bolts that are not shown in their respective
tension specimen tests, full size test results shall prevail. tables in ANSI B18.2.1 or ANSI B18.2.3.1M may be that
10.1.2 Full Size Fasteners, Wedge Tensile Testing—When shown in the corresponding Hex Cap Screw and Bolt Tables
applicable, see 13.1.3, headed fasteners shall be wedge tested respectively. Socket head fasteners shall be in accordance with
full size. The minimum full size load applied (lbf or kN) for ANSI B18.3 or ANSI B18.3.1M.
individual sizes shall be as follows:
W 5 T s 3 At (1) 12. Retests
12.1 If the results of the mechanical tests of any test lot do
where: not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer
W = minimum wedge tensile load without fracture,
may retreat such lot not more than twice, in which case two

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additional tension tests shall be made from such lot, all of 16. Certification
which shall conform to the requirements specified. 16.1 The producer of the raw material or finished fasteners
shall furnish a certification to the purchaser or his representa-
13. Test Specimens tive showing the results of the chemical analysis, macroetch
13.1 Number of Tests—For heat-treated bars, one tension examination (Carbon and Alloy Steels Only), and mechanical
test shall be made for each diameter of each heat represented in tests, and state the method of heat treatment employed.
each tempering charge. When heat treated without interruption 16.2 Certification shall also include at least the following:
in continuous furnaces, the material in a lot shall be the same 16.2.1 A statement that the material or the fasteners, or both,
heat, same prior condition, same size, and subjected to the were manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accor-
same heat treatment. Not fewer than two tension tests are dance with the specification and any supplementary require-
required for each lot containing 20 000 lb [9000 kg] or less. ments or other requirements designated in the purchase order
Every additional 10 000 lb [4500 kg] or fraction thereof or contract and was found to meet those requirements.
requires one additional test. 16.2.2 The specification number, year date, and identifica-
13.1.1 For studs, bolts, screws, and so forth, one tension test tion symbol.
shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved in the 17. Product Marking
lot. Each lot shall consist of the following:
17.1 The marking symbol and manufacturer’s identification
Diameter, in. [mm] Lot Size
11⁄8 [30] and under 1500 lb [780 kg] or fraction thereof symbol shall be applied to one end of studs 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in
Over 11⁄8 [30] to 13⁄4 [42], incl 4500 lb [2000 kg] or fraction thereof diameter and larger and to the heads of bolts 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in
Over 13⁄4 [42] to 21⁄2 [64], incl 6000 lb [2700 kg] or fraction thereof diameter and larger. (If the available area is inadequate, the
Over 21⁄2 [64] 100 pieces or fraction thereof
marking symbol may be placed on one end with the manufac-
13.1.2 Tension tests are not required to be made on bolts, turer’s identification symbol placed on the other end.) The
screws, studs, or stud bolts that are fabricated from heat-treated marking symbol shall be as shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
bars furnished in accordance with the requirements of this Grade B7M, which has been 100 % evaluated in conformance
specification and tested in accordance with 13.1, provided they with the specification, shall have a line under the marking
are not given a subsequent heat treatment. symbol to distinguish it from B7M produced to previous
13.1.3 Full Size Specimens, Headed Fasteners—Headed specification revisions not requiring 100 % hardness testing.
fasteners 11⁄2 in. in body diameter and smaller, with body 17.2 For bolting materials, including threaded bars, fur-
length three times the diameter or longer, and that are produced nished bundled and tagged or boxed, the tags and boxes shall
by upsetting or forging (hot or cold) shall be subjected to full carry the marking symbol for the material identification and the
size testing in accordance with 10.1.2. This testing shall be in manufacturer’s identification symbol or name.
addition to tensile testing as specified in 10.1.1. The lot size 17.3 For purposes of product marking, the manufacturer is
shall be as shown in 13.1.1. Failure shall occur in the body or considered the organization that certifies the fastener was
threaded section with no failure, or indications of failure, such manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance
as cracks, at the junction of the head and shank. with the specification and the results have been determined to
meet the requirements of this specification.
14. Nuts 17.4 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 17.1,
14.1 Bolts, studs, and stud bolts shall be furnished with 17.2, and 17.3, bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary
nuts, when specified in the purchase order. Nuts shall conform identification method. Bar coding should be consistent with
to Specification A 194/A 194M. AIAG Standard B-5 02.00. If used on small items, the bar code
may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
15. Rejection and Rehearing 18. Keywords
15.1 Unless otherwise specified in the basis of purchase, any 18.1 hardness; heat treatment
rejection based on product analysis shall be reported to the
manufacturer within 30 days from the receipt of samples by the TABLE 4 Marking of Ferritic Steels
purchaser. Grade Marking Symbol
15.2 Material that shows defects subsequent to its accep- B5 B5
tance at the place of manufacture shall be rejected, and the B6 B6
B6X B6X
manufacturer shall be notified. B7 B7
15.3 Product Analysis—Samples that represent rejected ma- B7MA B7M
B7M
terial shall be preserved for two weeks from the date of the test B16 B16
report. In the case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, B16 + B16R
the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within that Supplement S12
time. A
For explanations, see 10.2.2 and 17.1.

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 A 193/A 193M – 09
TABLE 5 Marking of Austenitic Steels
Class Grade Marking Symbol
Class 1 B8 B8
B8C B8C
B8M B8M
B8P B8P
B8T B8T
B8LN B8F or B8LN
B8MLN B8G or B8MLN

Class 1A B8A B8A

B8CA B8B or B8CA
B8MA B8D or B8MA
B8PA B8H or B8PA
B8TA B8J or B8TA
B8LNA B8L or B8LNA
B8MLNA B8K or B8MLNA
B8NA B8V or B8MA
B8MNA B8W or B8MNA
B8MLCuNA B9K or B8MLCuNA

Class 1B B8N B8N

B8MN B8Y or B8MN

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B8MLCuN B9J or B8MLCuN

Class 1C B8R B9A or B8R

B8RA B9B or B8RA
B8S B9D or B8S
B8SA B9F or B8SA

Class 1D B8 B94
B8M B95
B8P B96
B8LN B97
B8MLN B98
B8N B99
B8MN B100
B8R B101
B8S B102

Class 2 B8 B8SH
B8C B8CSH
B8P B8PSH
B8T B8TSH
B8N B8NSH
B8M B8MSH
B8MN B8YSH
B8MLCuN B0JSH

Class 2B B8M2 B9G or B8M2

B8 B9

Class 2C B8M3 B9H or B8M3

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

These requirements shall not apply unless specified in the order and in the Ordering Information,
in which event the specified tests shall be made before shipment of the product.

S1. High Temperature Tests as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. When
S1.1 Tests to determine high temperature properties shall be testing temperatures are as low as those specified in Specifi-
made in accordance with Test Methods E 21, E 139, and E 292, cation A 320/A 320M, bolting should be ordered to that speci-
and Practices E 150 and E 151. fication in preference to this specification.

S2. Charpy Impact Tests

S2.1 Charpy impact tests based on the requirements of
Specification A 320/A 320M, Sections 6 and 7, shall be made

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 A 193/A 193M – 09
S3. 100 % Hardness Testing of Grade B7M determined in accordance with Test Methods E 112. The grain
S3.1 Each Grade B7M bolt or stud shall be tested for size so determined shall be reported on the Certificate of Test.
hardness by indentation method and shall meet the require-
S10. Hardness Testing of Class 2 Bolting Materials for
ments specified in Tables 2 and 3.
ASME Applications
S4. Hardness Testing of Grade B16 S10.1 The maximum hardness shall be Rockwell C35 im-
S4.1 For bolts or studs 21⁄2 in. [65 mm] or smaller, the mediately under the thread roots. The hardness shall be taken
hardness for Grade B16 shall be measured on or near the end on a flat area at least 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] across, prepared by
of each bolt or stud using one of the methods prescribed in removing threads, and no more material than necessary shall be
10.2.1 for the Brinell or Rockwell C test. The hardness shall be removed to prepare the flat areas. Hardness determinations
in the range 253–319 HB or 25–34 HRC. shall be made at the same frequency as tensile tests.
S5. Product Marking S11. Thread Forming
S5.1 Marking and manufacturer’s identification symbols S11.1 Threads shall be formed after heat treatment. Appli-
shall be applied to one end of studs and to the heads of bolts of cation of this supplemental requirement to grade B7M or the
all sizes. (If the available area is inadequate, the marking grades listed in 7.2.4 is prohibited.
symbol may be marked on one end and the manufacturer’s
identification symbol marked on the other end.) For bolts S12. Stress Rupture Testing of Grade B16
smaller than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in diameter and studs smaller S12.1 One test shall be made for each heat treat lot. Testing
than 3⁄8 in. [10 mm] in diameter and for 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in shall be conducted using a combination test bar in accordance
diameter studs requiring more than a total of three symbols, the with Test Methods E 292. Rupture shall occur in the smooth
marking shall be a matter of agreement between the purchaser section of each test specimen. The test shall be conducted at
and the manufacturer. 1100 °F [595 °C] and 20 ksi [140 MPa]. The test shall be
continued until the sample ruptures. Rupture life shall be 25 h
S6. Stress Relieving
minimum. Testing is not required on material less than 1⁄2 in.
S6.1 A stress-relieving operation shall follow straightening [12 mm] thick.
after heat treatment. S12.2 When a purchase order for fasteners invokes S12, the
S6.2 The minimum stress-relieving temperature shall be product marking supplied shall be “B16R.”
100 °F [55 °C] below the tempering temperature. Tests for

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mechanical properties shall be performed after stress relieving. S13. Coatings on Bolting Materials
S7. Magnetic Particle Inspection S13.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
purchase order all information required by the coating facility.
S7.1 Bars shall be magnetic particle examined in accor- Examples of such information may include but are not limited
dance with Guide E 709. Bars with indications of cracks or to the following:
seams are subject to rejection if the indications extend more S13.1.1 Reference to the appropriate coating specification
than 3 % of the diameter into the bar. and type, thickness, location, modification to dimensions, and
S8. Stress-Relaxation Testing hydrogen embrittlement relief.
S13.1.2 Reference to Specifications A 153/A 153M, B 633,
S8.1 Stress-Relaxation Testing, when required, shall be
B 695, B 696, B 766, or F 1941, F 2329, or Test Method
done in accordance with Test Methods E 328. The test shall be
F 1940, or other standards.
performed at 850 °F [454 °C] for a period of 100 h. The initial
stress shall be 50 M psi [345 MPa]. The residual stress at 100 S14. Marking Coated Bolting Materials
h shall be 17 M psi [117 MPa] minimum.
S14.1 Material coated with zinc shall have ZN marked after
S9. Grain Size Requirements for Non H Grade the grade symbol. Material coated with cadmium shall have
Austenitic Steels Used Above 1000 °F CD marked after the grade symbol.
S9.1 For design metal temperatures above 1000 °F [540 NOTE S14.1—As an example, the marking for zinc-coated B7 will now
°C], the material shall have a grain size of No. 7 or coarser as be B7ZN rather than B7*.

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 A 193/A 193M – 09
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STRAIN HARDENING OF AUSTENITIC STEELS

X1.1 Strain hardening is the increase in strength and the bar, the greater the penetration of strain hardening.
hardness that results from plastic deformation below the
recrystallization temperature (cold work). This effect is pro- X1.2 Thus, the mechanical properties of a given strain
duced in austenitic stainless steels by reducing oversized bars hardened fastener are dependent not just on the alloy, but also
or wire to the desired final size by cold drawing or other on the size of bar from which it is machined. The minimum bar
process. The degree of strain hardening achievable in any alloy size that can be used, however, is established by the configu-
is limited by its strain hardening characteristics. In addition, the ration of the fastener so that the configuration can affect the
amount of strain hardening that can be produced is further strength of the fastener.
limited by the variables of the process, such as the total amount
of cross-section reduction, die angle, and bar size. In large X1.3 For example, a stud of a particular alloy and size may
diameter bars, for example, plastic deformation will occur be machined from a smaller diameter bar than a bolt of the
principally in the outer regions of the bar so that the increased same alloy and size because a larger diameter bar is required to
strength and hardness due to strain hardening is achieved accommodate the head of the bolt. The stud, therefore, is likely
predominantly near the surface of the bar. That is, the smaller to be stronger than the same size bolt in a given alloy.

X2. COATINGS AND APPLICATION LIMITS

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X2.1 Use of coated fasteners at temperatures above ap- 780 °F [415 °C]. Therefore, application of zinc-coated fasten-
proximately one-half the melting point (Fahrenheit or Celsius) ers should be limited to temperatures less than 390 °F [210 °C].
of the coating is not recommended unless consideration is The melting point of cadmium is approximately 600 °F [320
given to the potential for liquid and solid metal embrittlement, °C]. Therefore, application of cadmium-coated fasteners
or both. The melting point of elemental zinc is approximately should be limited to temperatures less than 300 °F [160 °C].

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 08b, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved June 1, 2009).

(1) Changed marking of coated material from an asterisk (*) (2) Deleted terms “normalized and tempered” and “air
for zinc to “ZN” and from a plus (+) for cadmium to “CD” in quenched and tempered” in 3.1.1 and 7.1.1.
Supplementary Requirement S14.1.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 08a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved August 1, 2008).

(1) Added new paragraph 1.3 and renumbered subsequent (2) Added reference to Specifications B 633 and F 2329 to
paragraphs. S13.1.2.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 08, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2008).

(1) Reorganized and edited 7.1 to clarify and separate ferritic

grades from austenitic grades. Clarified use of water quenching
for threaded ferritic grades and intent relative to stress relief of
cold worked B6X. Added reference in Section 10 to Table 3
and Specification A 962/A 962M for wedge tensile testing of
metric product.

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Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 193/A 193M – 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved April 1, 2008).

(1) Added new Supplementary Requirement S14. (2) Added Nitrogen for Grades B8T and B8TA in Table 1.

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