American Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research & Review (AJMRR) January-2024

American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Review (AJMRR)

Research Paper Open Access

THE EXISTENCE OF UNDERGROWTH AT FOREST GARDEN STANDS IN THE FARMERS’

Michiko Amemiya
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: The research objectives i.e. to know the species composition and diversity of undergrowth at forest
garden stands. The research was conducted for 5 months, from August until December 2020. Data collection was
carried out with a vegetation survey using nested rectangular plots with a sampling intensity of 1%. The data collected
includes undergrowth species, the number of individuals for each species, and tree species as component of forest
garden stands. Data were analyzed by calculating density, frequency, important value index, and Shannon diversity
index. The results showed that the undergrowth that exists under forest garden stands were 38 species which
dominated by 12 species, namely Acalyphaaustralis, Asystasiagangetica, Clidemiahirta, Starchytarpetajamaicensis,
Mikaniamicrantha, Peperomiapellucidia, Setariabarbata, Andropogonaciculatus, Alpiniagalanga,
Diplaziumesculentum, Paederiafoetida, and Crassocephalumcrepidioides. As for the forest garden stands were
composed of 43 tree species which were dominated by 4 tree species, namely Duriozibethinus, Aleuritesmoluccana,
Myristicafragrans, and Gnetumgnemon. The level of undergrowth diversity was in the medium category with an H
value of 1.540.

Keywords: composition, diversity, undergrowth

I. Introduction
The species of undergrowth is one component that has an important role in forest ecosystems as well as in
land ecosystems with complex agroforestry (Widyastuti et al., 2018). Among the roles of undergrowth is to protect
the soil from raindrops and erosion from surface runoff (Marfi, 2018), increase organic matter in the soil (Latifah et
al., 2022; Marfi, 2018), contributing to increased biodiversity and plays a role in driving the nutrient cycle (Fang et
al., 2014), and play a role in controlling the microclimate (Sidabukke et al., 2021). In addition, the undergrowth has
economic value because it can be used for traditional medicinal ingredients (Nguyen et al., 2019) and source of
animal feed ingredients (Marfi, 2018).
Given the important role of undergrowth, both from an ecological and economical point of view, their
existence must be preserved.The existence of undergrowth species depends on the land use system. The agroforestry
system applied to land management can maintain biodiversity, including the diversity of undergrowth species
(Sidabukke et al., 2021). Even according to Fang et al. (2014) that the composition of undergrowth species and their
diversity is one of the things that determines the complexity of the vegetation structure in an ecosystem. The
existence of undergrowth in forest ecosystems plays a part in forming the vertical structure of forest vegetation, so
that it has a positive effect on the condition of the balance of the forest ecosystem (Marfi, 2018).
Preservation of undergrowth species is very possible in relation to the application of agroforestry systems in
forest areas, especially in conservation forest areas. There is one type of several conservation area in Lampung
Province, Indonesia, that is the Grand Forest Park (Tahura) Wan Abdul Rachman where part of the area is managed
by the community around the forest for traditional cultivation. The Tahura has an area of 22,245.50 ha (UPTD
Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman, 2017). According to its function, a Tahura is a nature conservation area
designated for the purpose of collecting natural or artificial plants and/or animals, native and/or non-native species
that are utilized for the purposes of research, science, education, cultivation support, culture, tourism, and recreation
(Undang-undang Nomor 5/1990). Then, one of the uses that can be carried out in the grand forest park is the
traditional use by the local community, including the collection of non-timber forest products and traditional
cultivation (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 108/2015).
Traditional cultivation by the community is carried out by applying MPTS (multipurpose tree species)
agroforestry techniques to form a forest garden to realize sustainable forest management in the area they cultivate
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American Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research & Review (AJMRR) January-2024

(Indriyanto & Asmarahman, 2019). Such traditional cultivation has long been implemented by the community or
forest farmers who live around Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman, including farmers who are members of the
HarapanBaru Forest Farmers Group (Gapoktanhut), who have been practicing traditional cultivation since 1998 with
a total arable area of 225 ha (Gapoktanhut Harapan Baru, 2019).

II. Method
The formation of forest garden stands, besides being able to maintain the economic function of the area for
the community, can also maintain the ecological function of the forest park area, for example for the preservation of
plant diversity. This is in line with the opinion of Nair (1993) that the development of the MPTS group of woody
plants can provide many benefits, both economic benefits for the community and ecological benefits for the land and
the surrounding environment. Thus, the functions of land ecosystems with agroforestry systems can include
production functions, natural regulatory functions, ecosystem supporting functions, and cultural functions
(Yulistyarini, 2013). The sustainability of these functions is also supported by the composition and diversity of the
undergrowth (Fang et al., 2014) as well as the composition of the tree species (Yulistyarini, 2013).
Korea is a small country compared to the other countries of interest, but it can be a very interesting sample. First the
Korean war was, and still is, the war between Russia being situated in the northern hemisphere and the United States
blocking thetraditional southern developments of Russia. Like Korea divided to 2 countries, North and South
Koreas, Ukraine can also be divided into two territories.
North Korea has ICBM technology, which cannot be underestimated. They claim they can shoot exactly any place
on the earth, which might be true.
Now, the same pattern of the war happened in Ukraine, which is geographically not very far from Chinese territory.
As always the history verified, the severe wars will generate the great military generals. During the Korean war, the
great General MacArthur was produced. Also in Russian war, next generation of the general MacArthur can and
must be born, expect to see the great generals.
The great Military leaders can be from either sides, Ukraina and Russian sides, regardless of political sides.
Hopefully the great new generation military generals do not use devastating weapons, namely the “Nuclear”. As we
understand through the history, the great military generals are also the great peace making negotiators.
Psychological studies of water sustainability have also shown that conflicts between authorities and users of the
public water supply service are a precedent for violence and local crime since, while the quality of the service
decreases and its costs increase, the Citizens not only distrust their authorities even more, but also organize
themselves for self-management, excluding authorities from their decisions and self-supply actions in the best of
cases, but also another less organized sector of civil society has generated protest actions, boycotts of supply
networks, kidnapping of supply units, roadblocks, reports of leaks and confrontations with the forces of order.

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