F5 TRIAL VISKING TUBE PAPER 3 2023

QUESTION 1

Diagram shows an experiment which involved osmosis.

(a) State the meaning of osmosis.

A net movement of water molecules from a low solute concentration (high water potential) solution to a
high solute concentration (low water potential) solution through a selectively permeable membrane.

(b) Explain what will happen after 1 hour of the experiment.

The amount of water molecules in Visking tube increase..

The tube will expand.

30% sucrose solution has a lower concentration of water molecules.

Water will diffuse into the Visking tube by osmosis.

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QUESTION 2

Problem Statement: How do the water molecules permeate across selectively permeable membrane?

Hypothesis: Osmosis occurs when water molecules move from an area of high water potential to an area of
low water potential.

Variables:

Manipulated: Time

Responding: Level of sucrose solution in capillary tube

Fixed: Volume of solution, time of immersion, surrounding temperature

Materials: 30% glucose solution, distilled water, Visking tubing, thread

Apparatus: Scissors, 35 cm long capillary tube, syringe without needle, ruler, 250 ml beaker, marker pen
and stopwatch

Prosedur I Procedure:

Cut Visking tubing to a length of 15 cm.

Immerse the Visking tubing in water for 5 minutes to soften it.

Open the Visking tubing and tie one end of the tubing tightly with a thread.

Use a syringe to fill the Visking tubing with 30% sucrose solution.

Tie another end of the Visking tubing to a capillary tube tightly.

Rinse the surface of the Visking tubing with distilled water.

Clamp the capillary tube vertically to a retort stand.

Immerse the Visking tubing in a beaker filled with distilled water.

Mark initial sucrose solution level in the capillary tube with a marker pen at the beginning of the
experiment.

Mark sucrose solution level in every 10 minutes for 40 minutes. Measure and record the rise of sucrose level
in the capillary tube in each 10 minutes.

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' Discussion'.

(a) What inferences can be made regarding the size of the sucrose molecules and water, and the pore size of
the Visking tubing?

The Visking tubing consists of fine pores in which water molecules can pass through but not the sucrose
molecules. Visking tubing acts as a selectively permeable membrane.

(b) What is the conclusion of this experiment?

Water molecules diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an
area of low water potential until equilibrium is reached.

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QUESTION 3

Diagram 4 shows materials and apparatuses used to study the movement of substances across a Visking
tube.

Explain the changes that occur to the Visking tube, level of distilled water in the beaker and the level of
sucrose solution in the capillary tube after 30 minutes.
[6 markah/ marks]

Visking tube expands. [1]

The level of distilled water in the beaker decreases. .

The level of 30% sucrose solution in the capillary tube increases. [1]

Distilled water is hypotonic to 30% sucrose solution.

This causes water molecules diffuse into the Visking tube by osmosis. [2]

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QUESTION 4

Diagram below shows the set-up of an experiment to study the movement of substances across Visking
tubing using a simple osmometer.

(a) State the hypothesis of this experiment.

Water molecules diffuse from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential

(b) State the variables involved in the experiment

i. manipulated : time
ii. responding : Increase in the level of sucrose solution in a capillary tube

iii. fixed :Concentration of sucrose solution

(c) Why is Visking tubing used in this experiment?

Viskin v tubing is semi-nermeable with nores which only allow small water molecules to pass through and
not the big sucrose molecules.

(d) What causes the change in the levels of sucrose solution? Explain your answer
Distilled water has high water potential compared to sucrose solution. Water molecules will move from the
beaker into the Visking tube. Thus, the level of sucrose solution increases.

(e) Predict the result if the experiment is repeated using a Visking tubing filled with distilled water.
There is no change in the water level in the capillary tube

(f) Name the process that occurs in the experiment.

Osmosis

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QUESTION 5

Study the diagram below carefully.

(a) The apparatus is left standing for a few hours. What will happen to the level of sucrose solution in the
capillary tube? Explain you answer

The sucrose solution level will increase. The water potential in distilled water is higher compared to sucrose
solution. Thus, water molecules diffuse through osmosis into the sucrose solution across the Visking tube.

(b) What inferences can be made regarding the size of the sucrose molecules and water, and the pore size of
the Visking tube?
Size of sucrose molecules is bigger than the pore size of the Visking tube while the size of water molecule is
smaller than the pore size of the Visking tube.

(c) with the help of the key provided, draw the movement of molecules in the experiment in the space
provided.

(d) The sucrose solution in the Visking tube was replaced with glucose solution. With the helps of the key
provided, draw the movement of of molecules in the experiment in the space provided

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QUESTION 6

Carry out the experiment below and answer the following questions.

Problem Statement: Does the size ot dissolved particles affect the movement ot substances across a
selectively permeable membrane.'

Hypothesis: Only small molecules are able to aiituse through a selectively permeable membrane while a
large molecule cannot amuse throuah a selectively permeable membrane.

Pemboleh ubah / Variables:

Manipulated: Types of solute in the Visking tubing

Responding: Changes in colour of iodine solution and Benedict’s solution

Fixed: : Temperature

Materials: 30% glucose solution, 1 % starch suspension, iodine solution, Benedicts solution, visking tubing,
cotton thread

Apparatus: Test tubes, beaker, dropper, measuring cylinder, Bunsen burner

Prosedur / Procedure:

1 Soak a piece of Visking tubing in water for 5 minutes to soften it.

Tie one end of the tubing with a thread. Open the other end and fill 10 ml of glucose solution and 10 ml of
starch suspension into the tubing.

Tie the end of the tubing tightly. Then, rinse the tubing with distilled water.

Place the Visking tubing in a beaker containing 400 ml distilled water.

Immediately collect the water samples from the beaker and test separately with iodine solution and
Benedict's solution separately.

After 30 minutes, collect the water samples again from the beaker and test with iodine solution and
Benedict's solution separately.

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Discussion’.

(a) Give the evidence to show that glucose molecules have passed through the Visking tubing.

Formation of brick-red precipitate indicates the presence of glucose

(b) What is the conclusion of this experiment?

The Visking tubing is a selectively permeable membrane that only allows diffusion of small glucose
molecules. Starch molecules are too large to pass through the Visking tubing

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QUESTION 7

you are required to carry out an experiment to investigate me movement substances across a selectively
permeable membrane.

Carry out the experiment by following the steps below:

Soak a Visking tube in the water for 5 minutes to make it soft. Tie one end of the Visking tube using a thread.

Fill in the Visking tube with 10 ml of 5% starch suspension. Tie the end of Visking tube using a thread.
Record the colour of the solution in Table 2.

Rinse the outside of the Visking tube with distilled water to make sure there is no excess starch suspension.

Add a few drops of iodine solution into a beaker containing 250 ml of distilled water. Record the colour of
the solution.

Immersed the Visking tube in the beaker for about 20 minutes.

Observe and record the final colour of the solution in the Visking tube and solution in the beaker.

Kandungan Warna asal Initial Warna akhir Final

Contents colour colour
Tiub Visking 10 ml ampaian kanji 5% Colourless (iii)blue-black
Visking tube 10 ml of 5% starch
suspension
Bikar 250 ml air suling + larutan (ii)yellow (iv)yellow
Beaker iodin
250 ml of distilled water
+ iodine solution
[4 markah/marks]

Based on the experiment conducted,

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(a) State

i. Manipulated : Size of molecule

ii. Fixed : Volume of distilled water/ Soaking period

(b) state one hypothesis for this experiment.

Small molecules may move across the semi-permeable membrane while large molecule unable to across
semi-permeable membrane.

(c) State the inference for the observation obtained in Table 2.

The contents of the Visking tube turn blue-black because small iodine molecules can diffuse from the beaker
into the Visking tube. The contents of the beaker remain yellow because large starch molecules cannot
diffuse from the Visking tube into the beaker.

(d) Which substance can diffuse through the Visking tuber Prove your answer.

Iodine molecules. The solution in the Visking tube turned blue-black at the end of the experiment. This
indicates iodine molecules have crossed the Visking tube and mixed with starch.

(e) Based on the principle of movement of substances in this experiment, describe the process of
movement of the substances that takes place in the human digestive system.

Large molecules are hydrolysed by enzymes into simpler molecules. The simple molecules are smaller in
size which can be absorbed easily through semi-permeable membrane of the epithelial cells lining on the
surface of intestine wall.

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QUESTION 8

Problem statement:

How does the size of dissolved particles affect the movement of substances across a selectively permeable
membrane?

Hypothesis:

Only small molecules are able to diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane while large molecules
cannot diffuse through the selectively permeable membrane.

Variables:

Manipulated: Molecule size

Responding: Presence of molecules in the Visking tubing and the beaker

Constant: Surrounding temperature and soaking time

Materials:

Benedict’s solution, 1% starch suspension, iodine solution, 30% glucose solution, distilled water, Visiting
tubing (12 cm) and thread

Apparatus:

Beaker, test tube, Bunsen burner, dropper and measuring cylinder

Procedure:

1. Soak the Visking tubing in water for 5 minutes to soften it. Make a knot and tie one end of the
Visking tubing with thread to prevent leaking.
2. Fill the Visking tubing with the 10 ml glucose solution and 10 ml starch suspension. Tie one end
of the Visking tubing tightly with a thread. Record the solution colour.
3. Rinse the outside of the Vis Icing tubing with distilled water.
4. Add 400 ml of distilled water in a beaker.
5. Place the Visking tubing in the beaker and leave it for 30 minutes.
6. After 30 minutes, remove and transfer the Visking tubing into a dry beaker.
7. Conduct iodine test for the solutions in the Visking tubing and in the beaker. Put 2 ml of each
solution in separate test tubes and add 1 ml o/ iodine solution. Observe the colour produced.
8. Conduct Benedict’s test on the solutions in the Visking tubing and in the beaker. Put 2 ml of
each solution into separate test tubes and add 1 ml of Benedict’s solution. Heat the solutions in
a water bath for 5 minutes and record any changes in colour.

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Observation:

Kandungan Ujian iodin Ujian Benedict

Content Iodine test Benedict’s test

Visking 10 ml glucose
tubing solution + 10 ml
starch suspension

400 ml distilled
Beaker
water

Discussion:

The size of starch molecule is too large to diffuse through the pores on the membrane of Visking tubing.

Glucose molecules can diffuse easily through the membrane of Visking tubing and enter the solution in the
beaker.

The size of glucose molecules are small to pass through the pores on the Visking tubing

Conclusion

Only small molecules are able to diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane while large molecules
cannot. Hypothesis is accepted.

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QUESTION 9

The aim of this experiment is to study the characteristics of a membrane.

Carry out the experiment according to the following steps:

(i) By using a measuring cylinder, measure 30 cm3 of distilled water and pour it into a beaker.

(ii) Put substance A into the beaker that contains 30 cm3 of distilled water. Let it soak for 5 minutes so that
substance A becomes soft.

(iii)After 5 minutes, take substance A out of the beaker. Scrape off all the soft parts of substance A and put it
back into the beaker that contains distilled water (the remaining hard seed is not used in this experiment).

(iv) By using a glass rod, crush the flesh of substance A. Then, let substance A settle down.

(v) By using a measuring cylinder, measure 3 cm3 of substance A solution and pour it into a boiling tube.

(vi) Measure 10 cm3 of solution C and pour it into the boiling tube that contains the solution of substance A.
Shake gently to mix the solutions, A and C thoroughly.

(vii) By using a rubber band, tie membrane D tightly on one end of tube B (make sure membrane D is not
broken or leaking).

(viii) By using a dropper, fully fill up tube B with the mixture of solutions A and C that is prepared in step
(vi).Fix tube B tightly to a capillary tube. Observe the solution from tube B rises up the capillary tube.

(x) Rinse the surface of the capillary tube and tube B with distilled water.

(xi) Fix the capillary tube on a retort stand and make sure it is in vertical position.

(xii) Place the specimen bottle containing silver nitrate solution below tube B.

(xiii) Lower tube B so that its lower part is completely immersed in the silver nitrate solution as shown in
Diagram 1.

(xiv) Tie a string on the capillary tube to indicate the initial level of the solution in the capillary tube.

(xv) Start the stopwatch.

(xvi) Measure the level of the solution in the capillary tube every 2 minutes for 12 minutes. Record the
readings in a table.

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Based on the experiment carried out, answer the following questions:

(a) Draw the condition of a cell of substance A at the beginning of the experiment.

(b) Construct a table to record the rise in the level of the solution in the capillary tube for 12 minutes.

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(c) Use the graph paper provided in page 7 to answer this question. By using the data in 1(b), draw a graph of the
level of the solution in the capillary tube against time.

(d) Name the process that causes the rise of the solution in the capillary tube.

Osmosis

(e) Explain how the process occurs.

Water molecules moved from external hypotonic solution through the semi-permeable membrane into the
more concentrated solution in the capillary tube.

(f) i. What happens to the silver nitrate solution during the experiment?
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It becomes turgid

ii. Explain how it happened.

The solution in the capillary tube is hypertonic than silver nitrate solution. Chloride ions diffuse into silver
nitrate solution. The reaction causes white precipitate of silver nitrate to form.

(g) Name a part of the human cell that can function like membrane D.

Plasma membrane

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