: BINOMIAL THEOREM :

*Binomial Theorem : The algebraic formula by which a binomial expression raised to a certain power
can be expressed in the form of a series (finite or infinite) is called the binomial theorem and the series
(finite or infinite) is called the expansion of the power of the binomial.
The formula is due to Sir. Isaac Newton.
*Formula of Binomial Theorem if ‘n’ belongs to whole number (n ∈ w) or ‘n’ be a positive
Integer : (a + x)n = an + nC1 an – 1 x 1 + nC2 an – 2 x 2 + nC3 an – 3 x 3 + …..+ nCr an – r x r + ….+ x n
1. Expand the following binomial expressions :
1 3 𝑥 2 2𝑥 3
(i) (2 + 5x)7 , (ii) (a + 2b)6 , (iii) (x - )8 , (iv) (a - )7 , (v) ( + )4 , (vi) ( - )6 , (vii) (x2 + x – 1)4 ,
2𝑥 𝑏 3 𝑦 3 2𝑥
(viii) (x2 – x – 2)3 , (ix) (x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 – y3)3
2. Simplify the following binomial expression :
(i) (x + 𝑦)4 - 4𝑦(x + 𝑦)3 + 6𝑦 2 (x + 𝑦)2 - 4𝑦 3 (x + 𝑦) + 𝑦 4 (ii) (a – 3)3 + 6(a – 3)2 + 12(a – 3) + 8
1
(iii) (2x + 𝑦)5 - 5𝑦(2x + 𝑦)4 + 10𝑦2(2x + 𝑦)3 - 10𝑦 3 (2x + 𝑦)2 + 5𝑦 4 (2x + 𝑦) - 𝑦 5 (iv) (𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 )3
*Formula of General term in the Expansion of (a + x)n : tr + 1 = nCr an – r x r
3. Determine : (i) the 3rd term in the expansion of (2 + 5x)7 (ii) the 8th term in the expansion of (2a + b)15
1 𝑥
(iii) the 11th term in the expansion of (x - )20 (iv) the general term in the expansion of ( - 3𝑦)n
𝑥 2
2 12 𝑎 𝑏
(v) the 10th term in the expansion of (3a +
𝑎
) (vi) the 4th term in the expansion of (
𝑏 𝑎
- )10
1 2n 1
(vii) the nth term in the expansion of (x +
𝑥
) (viii) the general term in the expansion of (a − 3𝑎)m
4𝑥 5 8 1 10
(ix) the 3rd term from the end in the expansion of ( - 2𝑥) th
(x) the 7 term in the expansion (4𝑥 − 2 𝑥)
5 √

*Formula of Middle term (or terms) in the expansion of (a + x)n :

𝒏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒏+𝟏
(A) When ‘n’ is even : (i) (𝟐 + 1) , (B) When ‘n’ is odd : (i) ( 𝟐 + 1) , (ii) ( 𝟐 + 1)
1 1 9
4. Find the Middle term (or terms) in the expansion of : (i) (a − )12 , (ii) (3x − ) ,
𝑎 2𝑥
1 8 1 𝑥
(iii) {3x −
2𝑥
} , (iv) {x2 − 𝑥}9 , (v) {3 − 3a}12 , (vi)
1 15
5. Binomial Coefficient : Determine : (i) the coefficients of x4 in the expansion of (𝑥 4 + )
𝑥3
2 13
(ii) the coefficient of 𝑎−11 in the expansion of (5𝑎 3 − )
𝑎2
2 )9
(iii) the coefficient of x11 in the expansion of (3𝑥 + 2𝑥
4 1 15
(iv) the coefficient of 𝑥 −17
in the expansion of (𝑥 − 𝑥3)
(v) the coefficient of 𝑎16 in the expansion of (2𝑎 2 − 𝑎 )10

6. Independent term :
2 15 1 12
Determine the independent term of x in the expansion of : (i) (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) (ii) (9𝑥 2 −
3𝑥
)
1 12 3 1 9 1 9
(iii) (𝑥 2 + ) (iv) ( 𝑥 2 − ) (v) (2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑥 5 2𝑥
 : Answers :

1. (i) 128 + 2240x + 16800x2 + 70000x3 + 175000x4 + 262500x5 + 218750x6 + 78125x7 (ii) a6 + 12a5b +
35 7 7 1 1
60a4b2 + 160a3b3 + 240a2b4 + 192ab5 + 64b6 (iii) x8 - 4x6 + 7x4 - 7x2 +
8
- 4𝑥2 + 16𝑥 4 - 16𝑥6 + 256𝑥8
21𝑎6 189𝑎5 945𝑎4 2835𝑎3 5103𝑎2 5103𝑎 2187 𝑥4 8𝑥 3 8𝑥 2 32𝑥 16
(iv) a 7
- + - + - + - (v) + + + +
𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏3 𝑏4 𝑏5 𝑏6 𝑏7 81 27𝑦 3𝑦 2 3𝑦3 𝑦 4
64𝑥6 32𝑥 4 20𝑥 2 135 243 729
(vi) - + – 20 + - + (vii) x8 + 4x7 + 2x6 - 8x5 - 5x4 + 8x3 + 2x2 - 4x + 1
729 27 3 4𝑥 2 8𝑥 4 64𝑥 6
(viii) x - 3x - 3x + 11x3 + 6x2 - 12x – 8 (ix) x9 - 9x8𝑦 + 36x7𝑦 2 - 84x6𝑦 3 + 126x5𝑦 4 - 84x4𝑦 5 + 36x3𝑦 6 -
6 5 4

36x2𝑦 7 + 9x𝑦 8 - 𝑦 9
2. (i) x4 (ii) (a – 1)3 (iii) 32x5 (iv) x – 𝑦.
𝑛! 𝑥 𝑛−𝑟
3. (i) 16800x2 (ii) 1647360a8b7 (iii) 184756 (iv) (- 1)r. 𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)! . 2𝑛−𝑟 . 3r. 𝑦r (v) 3041280a–6
120𝑎4 1 4375
(vi) – (vii) 2nCn – 1 . x2 (viii) (- 1)r. mCr . am –2r. 𝑟 (ix) 4 (x) 840x
𝑏4 3 𝑥
15309𝑥 5103 2835 5
4. (i) 924 (ii)
8
, −
16𝑥
(iii)
8
(iv) 126x6 , – 126x3 (v) 924𝑥 6 𝑎6 (vi) − ⋅ 𝑥 −5
2
5. (i) 6435 (ii) 36608000 (iii) 314928 (iv) – 1365 (v) 13440
567
6. (i) – 96096 (ii) 495 (iii) 495 (iv) 2000 (v) – 5376

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