SADHANA PU COLLEGE, HASSAN

PHYSICS CET CRASH COURSE

ALTERNATING CURRENTS
 
1. In an ac circuit, V and I are given by V = 100 sin (100 t) volts, I  100 sin  100 t   mA . The
 3
power dissipated in circuit is
(a) 104 watt (b) 10 watt (c) 2.5 watt (d)5 watt
2. If instantaneous current is given by i  4 cos ( t  ) amperes, then the r.m.s. value of
current is
(a) 4 amperes (b) 2 2 amperes (c) 4 2 amperes (d)Zero amperes
3. A generator produces a voltage that is given by V  240 sin 120 t , where t is in seconds. The
frequency and r.m.s. voltage are
(a) 60 Hz and 240 V (b) 19 Hz and 120 V (c)19 Hz and 170 V (d)754 Hz and 70 V
4. A 40  electric heater is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz mains supply. The peak value of
electric current flowing in the circuit is approximately
(a) 2.5 A (b) 5.0 A (c)7 A (d)10 A
5. The peak value of an alternating e.m.f. E is given by E  E0 cos  t is 10 volts and its
1
frequency is 50 Hz. At time t  sec , the instantaneous e.m.f. is
600
(a) 10 V (b) 5 3 V (c) 5 V (d) 1 V
6. In an ac circuit, the instantaneous values of e.m.f. and current are e = 200 sin 314 t volt

and i  sin  314 t   ampere. The average power consumed in watt is
 3

(a) 200 (b) 100 (c) 50 (d) 25

7. An electric lamp is connected to 220 V, 50 Hz supply. Then the peak value of voltage is
(a) 210 V (b) 211 V (c) 311 V (d) 320 V
8. In a circuit, the value of the alternating current is measured by hot wire ammeter as 10
ampere. Its peak value will be
(a) 10 A (b) 20 A (c) 14.14 A (d) 7.07 A
9. An ac supply gives 30 V r.m.s. which passes through a 10  resistance. The power
dissipated in it is
(a) 90 2 W (b) 90 W (c) 45 2 W (d) 45 W
10. The frequency of an alternating voltage is 50 cycles/sec and its amplitude is 120V. Then
the r.m.s. value of voltage is
(a)101.3V (b) 84.8V (c) 70.7V (d)56.5V
11. A resistance of 20 ohms is connected to a source of an alternating potential V  220 sin(100 t)
. The time taken by the current to change from its peak value to r.m.s value is
(a) 0.2 sec (b) 0.25 sec (c) 25  10 3 sec (d) 2.5  10 3 sec
   
12. Voltage and current in an ac circuit are given by V  5 sin  100 t   and I  4 sin  100 t  
 6  6

(a) Voltage leads the current by 30 o (b)Current leads the voltage by 30 o

(c) Current leads the voltage by 60 o (d)Voltage leads the current by 60 o

13. A lamp consumes only 50% of peak power in an a.c. circuit. What is the phase
difference between the applied voltage and the circuit current
 
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
6 3 4 2
14. If an alternating voltage is represented as
E  141 sin(628 t), then the rms value of the voltage and the frequency are respectively
(a) 141 V, 628 Hz (b) 100 V, 50 Hz (c) 100 V, 100 Hz (d) 141 V, 100 Hz

15. The average power dissipated in a pure inductor of inductance L when an ac current is
passing through it, is
1 2 1 2
(a) LI (b) LI (c) 2 Li 2 (d)Zero
2 4
16. An alternating current of frequency ' f ' is flowing in a circuit containing a resistance R
and a choke L in series. The impedance of this circuit is
(a)R + 2fL (b) R 2  4 2 f 2 L2 (c) R 2  L2 (d) R 2  2fL
17. A resonant ac circuit contains a capacitor of capacitance 10 6 F and an inductor of 10 4 H .
The frequency of electrical oscillations will be
10 5 10
(a) 10 5 Hz (b) 10 Hz (c) Hz (d) Hz
2 2
18. An inductive circuit contains resistance of 10  and an inductance of 20 H. If an ac
voltage of 120 V and frequency 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current would be
nearly
(a) 0.32 amp (b) 0.016 amp (c) 0.48 amp (d) 0.80 amp
19. A 20 volts ac is applied to a circuit consisting of a resistance and a coil with negligible
resistance. If the voltage across the resistance is 12 V, the voltage across the coil is
(a) 16 volts (b) 10 volts (c) 8 volts (d) 6 volts
20. A resistance of 300  and an inductance of 1
henry are connected in series to a ac voltage

of 20 volts and 200 Hz frequency. The phase angle between the V and I is
4 3 3 2
(a) tan 1 (b) tan 1 (c) tan 1 (d) tan 1
3 4 2 5

21. An alternating voltage E  200 2 sin(100 t) is connected to a 1 microfarad capacitor through

an ac ammeter. The reading of the ammeter shall be
(a) 10 mA (b) 20 mA (c) 40 mA (d) 80 mA
22. An ac circuit consists of an inductor of inductance 0.5 H and a capacitor of capacitance 8
F in series. The current in the circuit is maximum when the angular frequency of ac
source is (a)500 rad/sec (b)2  105 rad/sec (c)4000 rad/sec (d) 5000 rad/sec
23. An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 ohm and an inductance of 2.0 henry. If
an ac voltage of 120 volt and frequency of 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current in
the circuit would be nearly
(a) 0.32 amp (b) 0.16 amp (c) 048 amp (d) 0.80 amp
24. In a LCR circuit having L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5  F and R = 100 ohm in series. The
resonance frequency in per second is
(a) 600 radian (b) 600 Hz (c) 500 radian (d) 500 Hz
25. The impedance of a circuit consists of 3 ohm resistance and 4 ohm reactance. The power
factor of the circuit is
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.8 (d) 1.0
26. In a series circuit R = 300 , L = 0.9 H, C = 2.0  F and  = 1000 rad/sec. The
impedance of the circuit is
(a)1300  (b) 900  (c) 500  (d) 400 
  0 .4 
27. In a L-R circuit, the value of L is   henry and the value of R is 30 ohm. If in the circuit,
  
an alternating e.m.f. of 200 volt at 50 cycles per sec is connected, the impedance of the
circuit and current will be
(a) 11 .4 , 17 .5 A (b) 30 .7 , 6.5 A (c) 40 .4 , 5 A (d) 50 , 4 A

28. The reactance of a coil when used in the domestic ac power supply (220 volt, 50 cycles)
is 100 ohm. The self inductance of the coil is nearly
(a) 3.2 henry (b) 0.32 henry (c) 2.2 henry (d) 0.22 henry
29. In a series LCR circuit, operated with an ac of angular frequency , the total
1/2
 1  
2
impedance is (a) [R 2  (L  C )2 ]1 / 2 (b)  R 2   L    
  C  

1 / 2 1/2
 2  2
(c)  R 2   L   1   (d) (R  )2   L   1  
  C     C  
 
30. A coil of inductance L has an inductive reactance of X L in an AC circuit in which the
effective current is I. The coil is made from a super-conducting material and has no
resistance. The rate at which power is dissipated in the coil is
(a) 0 (b) IX L (c) I 2 X L (d) IX L2
31. A 12 ohm resistor and a 0.21 henry inductor are connected in series to an ac source
operating at 20 volts, 50 cycle/second. The phase angle between the current and the
source voltage is (a) 30° (b)40° (c)80° (d)90°
32. What will be the phase difference between virtual voltage and virtual current, when
the current in the circuit is wattless
(a) 90° (b) 45° (c)180° (d)60°
33. The resonant frequency of a circuit is f. If the capacitance is made 4 times the initial
values, then the resonant frequency will become
(a) f / 2 (b) 2f (c)f (d)f / 4
34. In a series LCR circuit, resistance R  10  and the impedance Z  20 . The phase
difference between the current and the voltage is
(a) 30 o (b) 45 o (c) 60 o (d) 90 o
35. A series ac circuit consist of an inductor and a capacitor. The inductance and
capacitance is respectively 1 henry and 25 F. If the current is maximum in circuit then
angular frequency will be
(a) 200 (b) 100 (c)50 (d)200/2 
36. The value of the current through an inductance of 1 H and of negligible resistance,
when connected through an ac source of 200 V and 50 Hz, is
(a) 0.637 A (b) 1.637 A (c)2.637A (d)3.637 A
37. In the circuit shown below, the ac source has voltage V  20 cos(t) volts with  = 2000
rad/sec. the amplitude of the current will be nearest to
6
(a) 2A (b) 3 .3 A (c) 2/ 5A (d) 5A
5 mH, 4 50 F

38. In an ac circuit the reactance of a coil is 3 times its resistance, the phase difference
between the voltage across the coil to the current through the coil will be
(a)  / 3 (b)  / 2 (c)  / 4 (d)  / 6
39. The capacity of a pure capacitor is 1 farad. In dc circuits, its effective resistance will be
(a) Zero (b) Infinite (c)1 ohm (d)1/2 ohm
40. In an ac circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by  / 3 . The components in the
circuit are
(a)R and L (b) R and C (c)L and C (d)Only R
41. The reactance of a coil when used in the domestic ac power supply (220 volts, 50 cycles
per second) is 50 ohms. The inductance of the coil is nearly
(a) 2.2 henry (b) 0.22 henry (c)1.6 henry (d)0.16 henry
42. An oscillator circuit consists of an inductance of 0.5mH and a capacitor of 20 F . The
resonant frequency of the circuit is nearly
(a) 15.92 Hz (b) 159.2 Hz (c)1592 Hz (d)15910 Hz
400
43. Reactance of a capacitor of capacitance CF for ac frequency Hz is 25  . The value C

(a) 50 F (b) 25 F (c) 100 F (d) 75 F
44. The power factor of an ac circuit having resistance (R) and inductance (L) connected in
series and an angular velocity  is
(a) R / L (b) R /(R 2   2 L2 )1 / 2 (c) L / R (d) R /(R 2   2 L2 )1 / 2
45. A circuit has a resistance of 11, an inductive reactance of 25  and a capacitative
resistance of 18 . It is connected to an ac source of 260V and 50Hz. The current through
the circuit (in amperes) is
(a) 11 (b) 15 (c)18 (d)20
46. A 0.7 henry inductor is connected across a 120V – 60 Hz ac source. The current in the
inductor will be very nearly
(a) 4.55 amp (b) 0.355 amp (c) 0.455 amp (d)3.55 amp
47. There is a 5  resistance in an ac, circuit. Inductance of 0.1H is connected with it in
series. If equation of ac e.m.f. is 5 sin 50 t then the phase difference between current and
e.m.f. is
 
(a) (b) (c)  (d)0
2 6 4
48. An inductor of inductance L and resistor of resistance R are joined in series and
connected by a source of frequency  . Power dissipated in the circuit is
(R 2   2 L2 ) V 2R V R 2   2 L2
(a) (b) c) (d)
V (R 2   2 L2 ) (R   2 L2 )
2
V2
49. In a circuit L, C and R are connected in series with an alternating voltage source of
frequency f . The current leads the voltage by 45°. The value of C is
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2f (2fL  R ) f (2fL  R ) 2f (2fL  R) f (2fL  R)
50. In the circuit given below, what will be the reading of the voltmeter
V 100V 100V

(a) 300 V (b) 900 V

(c) 200 V (d) 400 V 200V, 100 Hz
51. In the circuit shown below, what will be the readings of the voltmeter and ammeter
100 

(a) 800 V, 2A (b) 300 V, 2A A V

300 V 300 V
(c) 220 V, 2.2 A (d) 100 V, 2A 220 V, 50 Hz
52. The diagram shows a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in series to an ac source. V1
V1
and V2 are voltmeters and A is an ammeter.
Consider now the following statements
C
I. Readings in A and V2 are always in phase R V2
A
II. Reading in V1 is ahead in phase with reading in V2
III.Readings in A and V1 are always in phase which of these statements are/is correct
(a) I only (b) II only (c)I and II only (d)II and III only
53. In the circuit shown in figure neglecting source resistance the voltmeter and ammeter
reading will respectively, will be V

R = 30 XL = 25 XC = 25

(a) 0V, 3A (b) 150V, 3A A

(c) 150V, 6A (d) 0V, 8A 240 V

54. The voltage of an ac supply varies with time (t) as V  120 sin 100  t cos 100  t. The maximum
voltage and frequency respectively are
120
(a) 120 volts, 100 Hz (b) volts, 100 Hz (c)60 volts, 200 Hz (d)60 volts, 100 Hz
2
6
55. In the circuit shown in the figure, the ac source gives a A
voltage V  20 cos(2000 t). Neglecting source resistance,
5mH 4 50F
the voltmeter and ammeter reading will be
(a) 0V, 0.47A (b)1.68V, 0.47A (c)0V, 1.4 A (d)5.6V, 1.4 A V
56. An ac source of angular frequency  is fed across a resistor r and a capacitor C in series.
The current registered is I. If now the frequency of source is changed to /3 (but
maintaining the same voltage), the current in then circuit is found to be halved. Calculate
the ratio of reactance to resistance at the original frequency 
3 2 1 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 5

57. An LCR series circuit with a resistance of 100 ohm is connected to an ac source of 200 V
(r.m.s.) and angular frequency 300 rad/s. When only the capacitor is removed, the
current lags behind the voltage by 60 o . When only the inductor is removed the current
leads the voltage by 60 o . The average power dissipated is
(a) 50 W (b) 100 W (c)200 W (d)400 W
58. A virtual current of 4A and 50 Hz flows in an ac circuit containing a coil. The power
consumed in the coil is 240 W. If the virtual voltage across the coil is 100 V its
inductance will be
1 1 1 1
(a) H (b) H (c) H (d) H
3 5 7 9
59. In the adjoining ac circuit the voltmeter whose reading will be zero at resonance is
V4
(a) V1 (b) V2
V1 V2 V3
(c) V3 (d) V4
60. In the adjoining figure the impedance of the circuit will be L C R
V5

(a) 120 ohm

(b) 50 ohm
90 V
(c) 60 ohm XL = 30  XC =20
(d) 90
 Detailed solution with key :
100 100  10 3  10 4  10 3 1 10
1. (c) P  Vr.m.s.  ir.m.s.  cos     cos     2 .5 watt
2 2 3 2 2 4
io 4
2. (b) ir.m . s.    2 2 ampere
2 2
 120  7 240
3. (c)     19 Hz Vr.m . s.   120 2  170 V
2 2  22 2
Vr.m . s. 200
4. (c) ir.m . s.    5 A  i0  ir.m.s. 2  7.07 A
R 40
2t 2  50  1 
5. (b) E  E0 cos t  E0 cos  10 cos  10 cos  5 3 volt.
T 600 6
6. (c) V0  Vrms  2  220  2  310

7. (c) Hot wire ammeter reads rms value of current. Hence its peak value  irms  2  14 .14 amp
2
Vrms (30 )2
8. (b) P    90 W
R 10
V0 120
9. (b) Vrms    84 .8 V
2 1.414
1
10. (d) Peak value to r.m.s. value means, current becomes times.
2
1  1
So from i  i0 sin 100 t   i0  i0 sin 100 t  sin  sin 100 t  t  sec  2 .5  10 3 sec .
2 4 400
    
11. (c) Phase difference    2  1   
6  6  3
1 1 1 
12. (b) P  Vo io cos  P  PPeak . cos  (Ppeak )  Ppeak cos  cos    
2 2 2 3
45. (c) E  141 sin(628 t),
E0 141
Erms    100 V and 2f  628  f  100 Hz
2 1.41
14. (d)

15. (b) Z  R 2  X L2 , X L  L and   2f  Z  R 2  4 2 f 2 L2

1 1 10 5
16. (c)     Hz
2 LC 2 10  6  10  4 2
V 120
17. (b) i   =0.016 A
R  L
2 2 2
100  4  2  60 2  20 2
18. (a) The voltage across a L–R combination is given by
V 2  VR2  VL2 VL  V 2  VR2  400  144  256  16 volt.
L
2  200 1 4 4
19. (a) Phase angle tan        tan 1

300  3
R 3
Vrms V0 C
20. (b) Reading of ammeter  irms  
XC 2
200 2  100  (1  10 6 )
  2  10  2 A  20 mA
2
1 1
21. (a) Current will be maximum at the condition of resonance. So resonant frequency  0  
LC 0 . 5  8  10  6
= 500 rad/s
120
1. (b) Z  R 2  X L2  10 2  (2  60  2)2  753 .7 i  0.159 A
753 .7
1 1
2. (c) Resonance frequency in radian/second is    500 rad / sec
LC 8  0 . 5  10 6
R 3
3. (b) Z  R 2  X 2  4 2  3 2  5  cos     0 .6
Z 5
 2
 10 6 
4. (c) For series R-L-C circuit, Z  R 2  (X L  X C )2  (300 ) 2   1000  0 . 9   500 
 1000  2 

5. (d) Z  R 2  X 2  R 2  (2fL)2
2
 0 .4  V 200
= (30 ) 2   2  50    900  1600  50  i    4 ampere
   Z 50
22
6. (b) Reactance  2 L  100   2   50  L  L  0.32 henry
7
7. (b)
8. (a) For purely L-circuit P = 0
L 2  50  0.21
9. (c) tan     5.5    80 o
R 12
10. (a) If the current is wattless then power is zero. Hence phase difference   90 o
1 1
11. (a) f   f
2 LC C
R 10 1
12. (c) cos        60 o
Z 20 2
13. (a) Current in LC circuit becomes maximum when resonance occurs. So
1 1 1000
    200 rad / sec
6 5
LC 1  25  10
35. (a) R  6  4  10 

X L  L  2000  5  10 3  10 
1 1
XC    10   Z  R 2  (X L  X C ) 2  10 
C 2000  50  10 6
V 20
Amplitude of current  i0  0   2A
Z 10
V 200 200
36. (a) i     0.637 A
XL L 2  50  1

XL 3R
37. (a) tan     3    60 o   / 3
R R
1 1
38. (b) X C   
2 C 0
39. (a)
XL 50
40. (d) X L  2 L  L    0 .16 H
2 2  3 .14  50
1 1 10 4
41. (c)  0   0   1592 Hz
2 LC 2  3 . 14 5  10  4  20  10  6 6.28
1 1 1
42. (a) X C  C    50 F
2 C 2 X C 2    400  25

R R
43. (b) cos   
Z (R 2  L2 )1 / 2
260
44. (d) Z  R 2  ( X L  X C ) 2  (11) 2  (25  18 ) 2  13  Current i   20 A
13
V 120
45. (c) i    0.455 A
XL 2  3.14  60  0.7
R R 5 5 1
46. (c) cos          / 4
Z R  L
2 2 2
25  (50 )  (0 . 1)
2 2 25  25 2

 V   R  V 2R V 2R
47. (b) P  Vi cos   V      
ZZ Z 2
(R   2 L2 )
2

1
 2fL
XC  XL 2 fC 1
48. (a) tan    tan 45 
o
 C
R R 2 f (2fL  R)
49. (c) V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2 Since VL  VC hence V  VR  200 V

220
50. (c) V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2  VR  V  220 V Also i   2.2 A
100

51. (b) In RC series circuit voltage across the capacitor leads the voltage across the resistance by
2
52. (d) The voltage VL and VC are equal and opposite so voltmeter reading will be zero.

Also R  30 , X L  X C  25 

V V 240
So i    8A
R  (X L  X C )
2 2 R 30

53. (d) V  120 sin100 t cos100 t  V  60 sin 200 t

Vmax  60 V and   100 Hz

54. (d) Z  (R) 2  ( X L  X C ) 2 ;

1 1
R  10 , X L  L  2000  5  10 3  10  XC    10  i.e. Z  10 
C 2000  50  10 6
V0 20 2
Maximum current i0    2 A Hence irms   1 .4 A
Z 10 2
and Vrms  4  1.41  5.64 V

55. (a) At angular frequency , the current in RC circuit is given by

Vrms irms Vrms Vrms
irms  ......(i) Also   ......(ii)
2 2 2 9
 1    R2 
R 
2
  1   2C 2
 C  R 
2  
 
 C 
 3 
From equation (i) and (ii) we get
1
5 
3R  2 2  C 
2 3 X
 C 
3
 C R 5 R 5
XL X X X
56. (d) tan    C  tan 60 o  L  C
R R R R

 X L  XC  3 R i.e. Z  R 2  (X L  X C ) 2  R

V2 200  200
So average power P   = 400 W
R 100
P 240
57. (b) R  2
  15 
irms 16

V 100
Z   25 
i 4
20 1
Now X L  Z 2  R 2  (25 )2  (15 )2  20   2 L  20  L   Hz
2  50 5