Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology (A)

Gandipet, Hyderabad – 500 075

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Guidelines on format of B.Tech. Project Report

Please read the guidelines carefully and make sure your Project report conforms to specifications. The Project
Report must be organized as follows.

1. The cover (Hard bound), including Title of project, Name(s) of all student(s) in the team (without Roll
Numbers), M.G.I.T. emblem, Department name, Institute’s Name and affiliation, and Year of
graduation. See Example A. Color of the cover: Navy Blue.
On the spine of the report roll numbers instead of names. Example:
B.Tech. (ECE) Roll numbers: 20261A0431, 0440 2023
2. First page (black & white only) on regular paper. See Example B.
3. Certificate (black & white only) from the ECE department of M.G.I.T. (on letter head) for all Projects.
The certificate will be signed by the Faculty Advisor(s) at the time of the viva-voce after verifying the
format and by the Head of the Department after review with the Advisor(s) at a later date. See Example
C. [Number this page (i)].
4. Certificate from the Organisation (for external projects only), where the work is carried out [Number
this page i (a)].
5. Acknowledgements (Thank your supervisors, lab staff, and anyone else who has contributed to the
Report). This page must be signed by all the members of the B.Tech. Project group [Number this page
(ii)]. See Example D.
6. Abstract (1-page summary of your project work) [Number this page
(iii)]. The abstract should include:
 an introductory sentence that create interest and draws attention to the topic;
 the project definition and goals;
 the method of solution;
 the results; and,
 the conclusions.
7. Table of contents (including certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, list of figures, list of tables,
chapters, references, and any appendices). Generate the table of contents at the very end of your Project
documentation work, since page numbers often change due to last-minute additions/deletions [Number
these pages (iv), (v), etc.)]. See Example E.
8. List of figures [Number this page (v), (vi), etc.] See Example F.
9. List of tables [Number this page (vi), (vii), etc.] See Example G.
10. Chapters
 Chapter 1 is the Introduction. (Number the pages as 1,2,… this point onwards)
1.1 Introduction. It should include a brief about the topic of work.
1.2 Aim of the project. Define the objectives
1.3 Methodology. Technical Approach to the problem
1.4 Significance of the Work. Importance and Application areas
1.5 Organisation of the Report. (Chapter wise)
 Chapter 2
Literature Review related to the topic of work. Presentation of the problem, methodology used, and
general outline on which the solution to the problem is arrived.
 Chapter 3, Chapter 4, ….
Actual Work done by the candidate emphasizing his/her contribution.
- For fabrication projects include detailed component drawings and PCB layout.
- For software projects give detailed algorithm and flow charts, followed by
 the code (program) with detailed comments.
 Chapter 2, 3, and 4 should begin with Introduction and end with Conclusions
 The last chapter should be Results and Conclusions including Scope for Future Work.
 Organize the Report into sections and subsections. For example, number the sections in chapter 2, as
2.1, 2.2, etc. Number the sub sections as 2.1.1, 2.1.2, etc. Do not use more than three levels of
number. For example, do not use “Sec. 2.4.1.3.”
 Give captions to all figures and tables. The figure captions must appear below the figures and table
captions must appear above the tables. For example, number the figures in chapter 2, as Figure
2.1, Figure 2.2. Follow the same method for numbering tables. There must be a reference to
each of the figures and tables in the Report. For example, "Figure 3.1 shows the organization of
our software."
11. References. See Example H.
 Number all the references
 For a book, give the name(s) of author(s), title of book, publisher, edition, and year of publication.
 For a journal/conference paper, give the name(s) of authors, title of paper, name of journal/
conference, month and year of publication, volume and issue numbers (for journal), and page
numbers.
 For a web page on the Internet, give the author's name/company's name and the URL. Include the
year.
 Each reference in the Report must be cited in the body of the Report. For example, in Chapter 2, you
may say, "Algorithms for optimizing the chip area are described in [3] and [4]."
12. Appendices
 Number the appendices A, B, etc.
 Figures in appendices must be numbered as A.2, B.3, etc.
13. Other things to remember: Page setup, Font, Font size, spacing, etc.
 Use 1½ spacing and 12-point Times New Roman font within the body of the Report.
 Give 1½" margin on the left hand side and 1" margin on the right hand side.
 Give 1" top and 1" bottom margins.
 Use 18-point font for chapter titles, 14-point font for section titles, and 12-point font for subsection
titles.
 Use single spacing for references.
 Before taking the final printout, check and see if all section numbers, figure numbers, table numbers,
and page numbers are consistent. Check if all figures and tables have been referenced and if all
references have been cited. Run a spell check before taking the final printout.
14. Submission of Report
 Submit the draft copy of the Report to the project advisor before the specified deadline.
 Include the corrections/suggestions given by project advisor before generating the hard-bound copies.
 Submit the following copies: (1) one copy to your Faculty Advisor, (2) one copy to the Department
library and (3) one copy for each individual in the team. As an example if there are two students in
the team the team should submit a total of four (Hardbound), copies.
 When you submit the hard bound copy, ensure that the cover page is in NAVY BLUE color and the
lettering is gold-embossed.

“Simplicity is the mother of beauty.”

 (Example A)
Gold embossed

FIBER OPTICS INTERFACED RF REPEATERS (Ft: 16, Bold, TNR)

B. SARADA (Ft: 14, TNR)

K. SRILATHA (Ft: 14, TNR)
JAMPALA SWETHA (Ft: 14, TNR)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (Ft: 14, TNR)

MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A) (Ft: 16, TNR)
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, T.S.) (Ft: 12, TNR)

Chaitanya Bharathi P.O., Gandipet, Hyderabad – 500 075 (Ft: 14, TNR)
2023 (Ft: 16, TNR)
 (Example B)
Black & white only

SOLUTION TO THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM USING

HOPFIELD NETWORK (Font: 16, TNR)

REAL TIME PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING BY (Font: 14, TNR)

K. ARUN KUMAR (00261A0419) (Font: 14, TNR)

M. DEEPIKA (01265A0406) (Font: 14, TNR)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (Font: 14, TNR)

MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A) (Font: 16, TNR)
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, T.S.) (Font: 12, TNR)

Chaitanya Bharathi P.O., Gandipet, Hyderabad – 500 075 (Font: 14, TNR)
2023 (Font: 16, TNR)
 (Example C)
Black & white only

MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (A) (Font:

16, TNR)
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, T.S.) (Font: 12, TNR)

Chaitanya Bharathi P.O., Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075 (Font: 14, TNR)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (Font: 12, Georgia)

CERTIFICATE (Font: 14, TNR)

Date: 08 December 2023
This is to certify that the Real time project work entitled “On Board Computer’s Self-Test
using Real- Time Embedded Programming” is a bonafide work carried out by

P. Vidya Padmini (19261A0440)

Ratnesh Singh (19261A0424)
Kiran Kumar (20265A0406)

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING by the Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Hyderabad during the academic year 2023-24.

The results embodied in this report have not been submitted to any other University or
Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

(Signature) (Signature)
<Guide Name with Designation> Dr. S P Singh
Faculty Advisor Professor & Head
Example of Certificate from outside organization where if the Project was done. On organization
Letterhead.

July 01, 2023

TO WHOMSOEVER IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Mr. G. Raghu Kalyan has successfully completed the project titled
“WAVELET COMPRESSION”.

This is a bonafide record of the work carried out by him under our guidance between October
4, 2022 and November 19, 2022.

for Wipro GE Medical Systems Pvt. Ltd.

(Signature)
Ayaskant Sarangi
Human Resources Leader
Global Technology Organisation
 (Example D)
Black & white only
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Font: 16,
TNR)

We express our deep sense of gratitude to our Guide Mr. Ramakrishna, Cranes Varsity,
Hyderabad, for his invaluable guidance and encouragement in carrying out our Project.

We are highly indebted to our Faculty Advisor <Name of the Guide>, <Designation>,
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, who has given us all the necessary
technical guidance in carrying out this Project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. S.P.Singh, Head of the Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, M.G.I.T. (A), for permitting us to pursue our Project, and
encouraging us throughout the Project.

Finally, we thank all the people who have directly or indirectly help us through the course of
our Project.

P. Vidya Padmini
Ratnesh Singh
Kiran Kumar

(ii)
 (Example E)
Black & white only
Table of contents (Font: 16,
TNR)

CERTIFICATE FROM ECE DEPARTMENT (i)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (ii)
ABSTRACT (iii)
LIST OF FIGURES (v)
LIST OF TABLES (vi)

CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Aim of the project 3
1.3 Methodology 3
1.4 Significance and applications 4
1.5 Organization of work 4
CHAPTER 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF RADAR AND PULSE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Resolution 8
2.2.1 Types of Resolution 9
2.2.2 Range Resolution with short pulse radar 12
phase codes…….
CHAPTER 3. OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Criteria for goodness of coded waveform 30
3.2.1 Discrimination Factor….. 30

CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

4.1 Results 74
4.2 Results obtained from Hamming scan algorithm 75
4.3 Results obtained from Simulated annealing algorithm 76
4.7 Conclusions and future scope of the present 82
REFERENCES 84
APPENDIX A 86
(iv)
(Example F)
Black & white only

LIST OF FIGURES (Font: 16, TNR)

2.1 Basic Radar…......................................................................7

2.2 Range resolution and processed pulse................................9

2.3 Cross range resolution with Antenna beams....................10

2.4 Enhanced cross range resolution......................................12

2.5 FM Pulse Compression technique....................................18

2.6a Barker codes.....................................................................21

2.6b Autocorrelation function of Barker code of length 13…. .21

2.6 c. Tapped delay line filter…................................................22

2.7 Modulo-2 adder…..............................................................23

3.1 Working of Hamming scan algorithm................................31

3.2 Landscape Flattening.........................................................48

3.3 Working of Modified simulated annealing algorithm.........59

(v)
 (Example G)
Black & white only

LIST OF TABLES (Font: 16, TNR)

2.1 Windowing techniques.............................................19

2.2 Barker codes.............................................................22

4.1 Bar chart for a sequence length of 31…...................78

4.2 Bar chart for a sequence length of 37…...................79

4.3 Bar chart for a sequence length of 41…...................79

4.4 Bar chart for a sequence length of 53…...................80

4.5 Bar chart for a sequence length of 37…....................80

 (vi)

(Example H)
Black & white only

References: (Font: 16, TNR)

[1] S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt and M. P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science,

vol. 220, pp. 671–680, May 1983.
[2] Hai Deng, “Polyphase Code Design for Orthogonal Netted Radar Systems”, IEEE Trans.
Signal Processing, vol. 52, pp. 3126-3135, Nov. 2004.
[3] M. I. Skolnik, “Introduction to Radar Systems”, McGraw- Hill, New York, 1980.
[4] S. White, “Concept of scale in simulated annealing”, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Design, pp.
646–651, 1984.