STEEL DESIGN I

Section (1)
Components of Structures
+ General Layout
Steel Structures Division
Structural Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University
Class Code

Attend on Time

Mutual Respect

Smile 

No Cheating is allowed
Introduction
Concrete Beam subjected to
Bending Moment around Major Axis

Mx Compression

Concrete
tensile
strength is AS
neglected
Tension

If Mx increases  increase d or As
Introduction
Concrete Beam subjected to
Bending Moment around Major Axis

AS’
Compression
Mx
Compression
d

Concrete
tensile
strength is AS
neglected
Tension

If d is limited & As = Asmax  Use Compression reinforcement

Introduction
Concrete Beam subjected to
Bending Moment around Major Axis

AS’
Concrete
strength is
neglected d

AS

I-Beam Section  usually used for beams and columns in

steel structures
Introduction

Types of Buildings with respect

to Construction Materials

Timber Building Concrete Building

Introduction

Types of Buildings with respect

to Construction Materials

Combined Steel-Concrete Building Steel Building

Introduction
Typical Steel Structures

Industrial Buildings
Introduction
Typical Steel Structures

Multi-storey Bldgs. Sea Platform

Introduction
Typical Steel Structures

The Chicago Skyscraper Time Warner Center 2003

Skyscrapers
Introduction
Typical Steel Structures
Introduction
Typical Steel Structures
Introduction
Typical Steel Structures
Introduction

We will study Industrial

Buildings this year

Steel Frame Steel Truss

Week # Explanation Grading
1 Components of structures + general layout ----

2 Components of structures+ general layout Q. # 1

3 Dead and live loads Q. # 1

4 Crane + Wind loads Q. # 2

5 Tension members
Q. # 3*
Example 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 & 2.4

Compression members
6 Q. # 4 &
Example 3.1, 3.4 & 3.6 5*

Axially Loaded Columns

7 Q. # 6
Example 3.9 & 3.11
Week # Explanation Grading
8 Midterm Break ----

9 Wind Bracing Systems + Loads Q. # 7*

10 Beams: Purlins + Side Girts Q. # 8

11 Beams: CTG + Monorail Example 5.3 Q. # 9

12 Floor Beams Example 5.4 Q. # 10

Beam-columns (Alignment chart)

13 *
Example 6.1

Beam-columns
14 Q. # 11
Example 6.2
Introduction
 Advantages of Steel:
 Economy

 Durability

 Design Flexibility

 All Weather Construction

 Easy Repair

 100% Recyclable
Introduction

Preliminary Grading
100%

Term Work Final Exam

30% 70%

Midterm Exam Sheets Quizes

15% ??% ??%
Introduction
 Steel Sections

IPE Sections BFI Sections UPN Sections L Sections

T Sections PIPE Sections BOX Sections

Introduction
 Steel Sections
General Layout
1. Types of Main Systems

2. Arrangement of Main Systems

3. Roof Slope

4. Roof Covering Materials

5. Side Cover

6. End Gables

7. Wind Bracing System

Dr. Maha Moddather
1. Types of Main Systems
Columns are
allowed on the
Boundary of the
Area

No columns are
allowed at the
60 m
interior space

Clear Height
= 7m

20 m

20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
1. Types of Main Systems

Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Dr. Maha Moddather

1. Types of Main Systems
Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Span  7 - 10m

Dr. Maha Moddather

1. Types of Main Systems
Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Span  12 – 25 m

Dr. Maha Moddather

1. Types of Main Systems
Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Span  15 - 25m

Dr. Maha Moddather

1. Types of Main Systems
Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Span  25 - 40m

Dr. Maha Moddather

1. Types of Main Systems

Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Span  7 - 10m Span  12 – 25 m Span  15 - 25m Span  25 - 40m

Dr. Maha Moddather

2. Arrangement of Main System

 Main System parallel to the Short Direction

 Spacing (S) = 4  7 m

Main System
60 m Rigid Frame

Short Direction
Clear Height
= 7m

20 m

20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
2. Arrangement of Main System

S=4–7m
S=4–7m
2. Arrangement of Main System

Main System
2. Arrangement of Main System
Rafter / Girder

 Main System parallel to the Short Direction

 Spacing (S) = 4  7 m

60 m S=6m

Clear Height
Columns
= 7m

20 m
20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
3. Roof Slope
 To accommodate rain water drainage.

 Slope 1: 5  1: 15

Slope 1:10 Slope 1:10

1
10
Clear Height  Clear Height
= 7m = 7m

20 m 20 m

Dr. Maha Moddather

3. Roof Slope
 Slope can reach values equal to: (1:1) in case of bulk material
storage.

Slope 1:1 Slope 1:1

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials

Covering Material

Flexible Cover Rigid Cover

Corrugated Sandwich Precast

R.C. slab
Sheets Panels Units

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials

Covering Material

Flexible Cover Rigid Cover

Corrugated Sandwich Precast

R.C. slab
Sheets Panels Units

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials

Covering Material

Flexible Cover Rigid Cover

Corrugated Sandwich Precast

R.C. slab
Sheets Panels Units

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials

Covering Material

Flexible Cover Rigid Cover

Corrugated Sandwich Precast

R.C. slab
Sheets Panels Units

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials
4. Roof Covering Materials

 Spacing bt. secondary beams  a

 For Flexible Roof: a  2m
 For Rigid Roof : a  3m

60 m S=6m
1
10

Clear Height
= 7m

20 m

Very large area for

20 m  Use Secondary Beams
the covering material
Dr. Maha Moddather
4. Roof Covering Materials
a=2m

Used Sections for Purlins:

Channel Section

Z Section

60 m S=6m
1
10
Clear Height
Secondary = 7m
Beams
/
Purlins
20 m

20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
4. Roof Covering Materials
a=2m

Corrugated
Sheets

60 m S=6m
1
10
Clear Height
Secondary = 7m
Beams
/
Purlins
20 m

20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
4. Roof Covering Materials
Purlin Roof Cover

Rafter
a=2m
Refers to the horizontal
Column
distance

20 m

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials
Purlin Roof Cover

Rafter
a=2m
Refers to the horizontal
Column
distance

Purlin Top Chord Roof Cover

20 m

Purlins should be at Truss Diagonals Verticals

Joints Bottom
Column Chord

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials
Purlin Roof Cover

Rafter
a=2m
Refers to the horizontal
Column
distance

Purlin Roof Cover

20 m

h H

Purlins should be at Truss a B

H=
Joints 12 - 16
Column
h  1 m

Dr. Maha Moddather

4. Roof Covering Materials

Purlins

Dr. Maha Moddather

Dr. Maha Moddather
5. Side Cover

Brick Walls
Corrugated
Sheets

Dr. Maha Moddather

Dr. Maha Moddather
Dr. Maha Moddather
Dr. Maha Moddather
5. Side Cover
Roof Cover
Purlin

Rafter
Side Girt Side Cover

Column
a’  2
m
Brick
Wall
1.5 – 3.0 m

20 m

Dr. Maha Moddather

5. Side Cover

Side Girts

Dr. Maha Moddather

6. End Gables
 Add End Gable Columns with spacing 4 – 6 m
Roof Cover
Purlin

Rafter
Side Girt Side Cover

Column
Brick
Wall

1.5 – 3.0 m

20 m

Dr. Maha Moddather

6. End Gables
 Add End Gable Columns with spacing 4 – 6 m
Roof Cover
Purlin Rafter

Side Girt Side Cover

Column Brick
Wall

End Gable
Column
1.5 – 3.0 m

5m 5m 5m 5m
20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
Dr. Maha Moddather
Dr. Maha Moddather
6. End Gables 5m

End Gable Column

60 m S=6m

20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
6. End Gables
 Use Side Girts at distance  2.0 m
Roof Cover
Purlin Rafter

Side Girt Side Side Cover

a’  2 m
Girt
Column End Gable Brick
Column Wall

1.5 – 3.0 m

5m 5m 5m 5m
20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
6. End Gables
 For trusses: End Gable Columns at truss Joints
Roof Cover
Purlin Rafter

Side Girt Side Cover

Column Brick
Wall

End Gable
Column
1.5 – 3.0 m

5m 5m 5m 5m
20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
6. End Gables
 Access Doors
Roof Cover
Purlin Rafter

Side Girt Side Side Cover

a’  2 m
Girt
Column End Gable Brick
Column Wall

Access
Opening
1.5 – 3.0 m

5m 5m 5m 5m
20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
6. End Gables
 Access Doors
Roof Cover
Purlin Rafter

Side Girt Side Side Cover

a’  2 m
Girt
Column Brick
Wall

Access
Opening
1.5 – 3.0 m

5m 6m 5m
20 m
Dr. Maha Moddather
6. End Gables
 Types of Doors Sliding Door (One side)

Roller Shutter Door

Sliding Door (Two side)

Dr. Maha Moddather

7. Bracing System
 Bracing system is provided to frames to provide stability under
the lateral loads.

Frame can support loads in

the lateral direction

Short Direction
Dr. Maha Moddather
7. Bracing System
 Bracing system is provided to frames to provide stability under
the lateral loads.

Long Direction

Dr. Maha Moddather

7. Bracing System
 Bracing System includes:
 Horizontal Bracing:
Bracing in a horizontal plane provides a load path to transfer
the horizontal forces (wind pressure on the cladding) to the
planes of vertical bracing.
Horizontal
 Vertical Bracing Bracing
Bracing in vertical planes
(between lines of columns)
provides load paths to transfer
horizontal forces to ground
Vertical Bracing
level.
Dr. Maha Moddather
7. Bracing System
Horizontal Bracing

Vertical Bracing
Wind Bracing System
Wind Bracing System
7. Bracing System
 Use Bracing at the First and last bays.
 Use bracing at intermediate bays, if length > 40 m.

Intermediate
Bay

First Bay
Last Bay
7. Bracing System 5m 7m

Vl. Bracing

Hz. Bracing

Side View
60 m

Plan
7. Bracing System 5m

Vl. Bracing

Hz. Bracing

Side View
Upper Hz. Bracing 60 m
(U.W.B.)

Lower Hz. Bracing

(L.W.B.)

Plan at U.W.B. Level

Example
Vertical Bracing & Side Cover
Vertical Bracing
Assignment
An industrial building, constructed in Alexandria, has a foot print
area of 70m x 84m and comprises 3 halls: a factory hall and two
packaging halls. The 3-bay steel skeleton of the building is shown in
the attached figure. The factory bay has a column-truss frame system
of 30 m span, and is provided with a 20-ton capacity overhead crane.
The packaging bays have a rigid frame system of 20 m span, one of
the bays is served by a 5-ton capacity monorail crane. Spacing
between frames is 6 m. The building is provided with horizontal and
vertical bracing systems. In the plane of the frames, the columns are
fixed at F and hinged at A, D and J. Column DE is a hinged hinged
column capable of only taken axial load.
Assignment
Assignment

84 m
Packaging Factory Hall
Halls

20 m 20 m 30 m
1. Types of Main Systems

Systems

Simple Rigid Simple Column Truss

Beam Frame Truss Frame

Span  7 - 10m Span  12 – 25 m Span  15 - 25m Span  25 - 40m

Dr. Maha Moddather

Assignment
Statical System

Rigid Rigid Column-Truss

Frame Frame Frame

84 m
Packaging Factory Hall
Halls

20 m 20 m 30 m
Assignment
Statical System

Slope 1:10
Slope 1:13.33

Rigid Rigid Column-Truss

Frame Frame Frame
Assignment
An industrial building, constructed in Alexandria, has a foot print
area of 70m x 84m and comprises 3 halls: a factory hall and two
packaging halls. The 3-bay steel skeleton of the building is shown in
the attached figure. The factory bay has a column-truss frame system
of 30 m span, and is provided with a 20-ton capacity overhead crane.
The packaging bays have a rigid frame system of 20 m span, one of
the bays is served by a 5-ton capacity monorail crane. Spacing
between frames is 6 m. The building is provided with horizontal and
vertical bracing systems. In the plane of the frames, the columns are
fixed at F and hinged at A, D and J. Column DE is a hinged hinged
column capable of only taken axial load.
Assignment
 Prepare a General Layout Drawing (Using A1 sheet) [1:200]:
 Roof Plan:
Arrangement of Main System.
 Arrangement of Purlins.
 Horizontal Bracing.
 End Gable Columns

 Main System Elevation.

 End Gable Elevation.

 Side view for Vertical Bracing/ Side Girts.

Roof Plan
Spacing
(S) = 6 m

14x6000 = 84000
20000 20000 30000
Roof Plan
Arrangement
of Main
System

14x6000 = 84000
20000 20000 30000
Assignment

Distance bt. Roof Purlins

Slope 1:10
Slope 1:13.33

Rigid Rigid Column-Truss

Frame Frame Frame

Distance bt. Purlins = 1875

mm
Assignment

Distance bt. Roof Purlins

Slope 1:10
Slope 1:13.33

Rigid Rigid Column-Truss

Frame Frame Frame

Distance bt. Purlins ≤ 2000 mm

Roof Plan
Add Roof Purlins

14x6000 = 84000
10x2000= 10x2000= 16x1875=30000
20000 20000
Assignment
 Prepare a General Layout Drawing (Using A1 sheet):
 Roof Plan:
 Arrangement of Main System.
 Arrangement of Purlins.
 Horizontal Bracing.
 End Gable Columns

 Main System Elevation.

 End Gable Elevation.

 Side view for Vertical Bracing/ Side Girts.

Main System Elevation
Assignment
An industrial building, constructed in Alexandria, has a foot print
area of 70m x 84m and comprises 3 halls: a factory hall and two
packaging halls. The 3-bay steel skeleton of the building is shown in
the attached figure. The factory bay has a column-truss frame system
of 30 m span, and is provided with a 20-ton capacity overhead crane.
The packaging bays have a rigid frame system of 20 m span, one of
the bays is served by a 5-ton capacity monorail crane. Spacing
between frames is 6 m. The building is provided with horizontal
and vertical bracing systems. In the plane of the frames, the
columns are fixed at F and hinged at A, D and J. Column DE is a
hinged hinged column capable of only taken axial load.
 Hz. & Vertical
Bracing Systems
Assignment

Vertical Bracing Levels

Roof Plan
Add Bracing
(Hz. And Vl.)

14x6000 = 84000
 Roof Plan
Add Bracing (Hz. And Vl.)
Roof Plan
Add End Gable
Columns

6000 5625
Assignment
 Prepare a General Layout Drawing (Using A1 sheet):
 Roof Plan:
 Arrangement of Main System.
 Arrangement of Purlins.
 Horizontal Bracing.
 End Gable Columns

 Main System Elevation.

 End Gable Elevation.

 Side view for Vertical Bracing/ Side Girts.

End Gable
Formation of Corrugated Sheets
Formation of Corrugated Sheets
Formation of Corrugated Sheets
Roof Plan
Main column
Rafter
Roof purlins
Cladding
End gable col.

14x6000 = 84000
Vertical bracing

Axes
Dimensions
Typical Elevation
Elevation, Pulins, Side girts
Cladding, Rain Gutter, Slope

Axes, Dimensions

Notice that: At truss bay end-gable columns

meets roof purlin and horizontal bracing joint
Elevation End Gable
Elevation, Pulins, Side girts
Cladding, Rain Gutter, Slope
End-gable column, doors,
Axes, Dimensions
 Axis D
Side View
Bracing
Struts

Another View
Cladding

Axes
Dimensions
Truss bottom chord level
Truss top chord level

Crane level
 Axes
Struts
Bracing

Cladding
Side View

Dimensions
Dimensions

Side cladding
Another View

Missing Items

Adjust col height

Rafter Level

Mid level
Axis A

Rafter Level

Mid level
Axis B

Truss top chord level

Truss bottom chord level

Crane level
Axis C

Truss top chord level

Truss bottom chord level

Crane level
Axis D