TPS 21 LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS 3
1. Passage
Read the following text.
Everyone has “down days.” Maybe it’s the bad weather, or the disappointing grades on a hard
test, but some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms often
pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet with friends to distract
themselves from what bothered them at the moment.
But if a teenager displays symptoms of depression for more than two consecutive weeks, it
might point to something beyond normal teenage mood swings. A variety of factors cause teens
to feel “down” and depressed. In an examination of 1,208 high schoolers, researchers Susan
Gore and others found a number of differences in how depression and stress affects boys and
girls.
In “Gender, Social-relationship Involvement, and Depression,” published in The Journal of
Research on Adolescence, Gore found that girls become more depressed from interpersonal
problems, such as failed relationships, lack of friend support, and conflict in family. Alternatively,
depression in boys was more likely to rise from achievement areas, like failing a test or not being
accepted on a club or sports team. These negative events – both within the realms of family and
friends – greatly affect a teen’s mental health. Those who encounter both negative interpersonal
and achievement events will likely suffer from lower self-esteem, which acts as a significant
barrier to treating depression.
Source: https://www.allpsychologycareers.com/
Question
The word distract in sentence “But these symptoms often pass quickly, as teens move on to new s
chool subjects, or meet with friends to distract themselves from what bothered them at the moment”
stated in paragraph 1 can also be used in sentence ....
A. The cat distracts her when in a bedroom.
B. I keep listening to music to distract myself from boredom.
C. The boys at the back distract the teacher in teaching.
D. The sudden loud distracts him at night.
E. The video game may distract children from learning.
Explanation
Kita dapat memperhatikan beberapa kalimat pada pilihan jawaban berikut ini:
The cat distracts her when in a bedroom (kucing itu mengganggunya ketika di kamar tidur); The bo
ys at the back distract the teacher in teaching (Anak laki-laki di belakang mengalihkan perhatian g
uru dalam mengajar); The sudden loud distracts him at night (Suara keras yang tiba-tiba menggan
ggunya di malam hari); The video game may distract children from learning (Video game dapat me
ngganggu perhatian anak-anak dari pembelajaran). Kalimat tersebut dianggap tidak sesuai untu
k konteks penggunaan kosakata tersebut, karena kata distract memiliki arti negatif, yaitu mengg
anggu.
Dengan demikian, jawaban yang tepat untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah I keep listening to musi
c to distract myself from boredom yang berarti Saya terus mendengarkan musik untuk mengalihk
an diri dari kebosanan.
2. Passage
Read the following text.
Everyone has “down days.” Maybe it’s the bad weather, or the disappointing grades on a hard
test, but some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms often
pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet with friends to distract
themselves from what bothered them at the moment.
But if a teenager displays symptoms of depression for more than two consecutive weeks, it
might point to something beyond normal teenage mood swings. A variety of factors cause teens
to feel “down” and depressed. In an examination of 1,208 high schoolers, researchers Susan
Gore and others found a number of differences in how depression and stress affects boys and
girls.
In “Gender, Social-relationship Involvement, and Depression,” published in The Journal of
Research on Adolescence, Gore found that girls become more depressed from interpersonal
problems, such as failed relationships, lack of friend support, and conflict in family. Alternatively,
depression in boys was more likely to rise from achievement areas, like failing a test or not being
accepted on a club or sports team. These negative events – both within the realms of family and
friends – greatly affect a teen’s mental health. Those who encounter both negative interpersonal
and achievement events will likely suffer from lower self-esteem, which acts as a significant
barrier to treating depression.
Source: https://www.allpsychologycareers.com/
Question
How can depression be diagnosed in teenagers?
A. They do not want to go to the school to meet their friends.
B. They show their anger to their relatives.
C. They perform beyond mood swings for more than two consecutive weeks.
D. They keep avoiding their parents for two weeks.
E. They keep distracting themselves by doing their hobbies.
Penjelasan/Explanation
• kalimat yang mengarah kepada awal mula depresi dapat diketahui atau di diagnosa ada
pada kalimat pertama paragraf kedua, yakni: But if a teenager displays symptoms of
depression for more than two consecutive weeks, it might point to something beyond
normal teenage mood swings. (Tetapi jika seorang remaja menunjukkan gejala depresi
selama lebih dari dua minggu berturut-turut, itu mungkin menunjukkan sesuatu di luar
perubahan suasana hati remaja yang normal).
• Berdasarkan kalimat tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa depresi sesungguhnya, bukan
hanya mood swing/perubahan suasana hati pada remaja yang biasa terjadi, selama lebih
dari 2 minggu berturut-turut.
• Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah They perform beyond mood swings for more than two
consecutive weeks (Mereka menunjukkan -gejala depresi- di luar dari perubahan suasana
hati yang biasa dialami remaja selama lebih dari dua minggu berturut-turut).
3. Passage
Read the following text.
Everyone has “down days.” Maybe it’s the bad weather, or the disappointing grades on a hard
test, but some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or school. But these symptoms often
pass quickly, as teens move on to new school subjects, or meet with friends to distract
themselves from what bothered them at the moment.
But if a teenager displays symptoms of depression for more than two consecutive weeks, it
might point to something beyond normal teenage mood swings. A variety of factors cause teens
to feel “down” and depressed. In an examination of 1,208 high schoolers, researchers Susan
Gore and others found a number of differences in how depression and stress affects boys and
girls.
In “Gender, Social-relationship Involvement, and Depression,” published in The Journal of
Research on Adolescence, Gore found that girls become more depressed from interpersonal
problems, such as failed relationships, lack of friend support, and conflict in family. Alternatively,
depression in boys was more likely to rise from achievement areas, like failing a test or not being
accepted on a club or sports team. These negative events – both within the realms of family and
friends – greatly affect a teen’s mental health. Those who encounter both negative interpersonal
and achievement events will likely suffer from lower self-esteem, which acts as a significant
barrier to treating depression.
Source: https://www.allpsychologycareers.com/
Question
What is the main purpose of the passage above?
A. To inform readers about the factors affecting depression in teenagers based on their
genders
B. To persuade readers to help those in depression
C. To compare boys and girls in handling depression
D. To support the idea that depression is mainly derived from family
E. To confront the concept of depression and genders in teenagers
Penjelasan/Explanation
Berdasarkan hasil penerapan teknik membaca skimming kita dapat menemukan beberapa
gagasan utama dari masing-masing paragraf diantaranya adalah:
• Paragraf 1: Everyone has “down days.” Maybe it’s the bad weather, or the disappointing
grades on a hard test, but some days teenagers just act uninterested in life or
school (Setiap orang memiliki "hari-hari yang tidak menyenangkan". Mungkin karena cuaca
buruk, atau nilai ujian yang mengecewakan, tetapi beberapa hari remaja hanya bertindak
tidak tertarik pada kehidupan atau sekolah).
• Paragraf 2: But if a teenager displays symptoms of depression for more than two
consecutive weeks, it might point to something beyond normal teenage mood
swings (Tetapi jika seorang remaja menunjukkan gejala depresi selama lebih dari dua
minggu berturut-turut, itu mungkin menunjukkan sesuatu di luar perubahan suasana hati
remaja yang normal).
• Paragraf 3: In “Gender, Social-relationship Involvement, and Depression,” published in The
Journal of Research on Adolescence, Gore found that girls become more depressed from
interpersonal problems, such as failed relationships, lack of friend support, and conflict in
family (Dalam "Gender, Social-relationship Involvement, and Depression," yang diterbitkan
dalam The Journal of Research on Adolescence, Gore menemukan bahwa anak perempuan
menjadi lebih tertekan karena masalah interpersonal, seperti hubungan yang gagal,
kurangnya dukungan teman, dan konflik dalam keluarga).
Berdasarkan gagasan utama tersebut, kita dapat melihat bahwa teks ini mencoba
memberikan informasi bagaimana depresi dialami oleh remaja dan beberapa faktor yang
mempengaruhi depresi tersebut berdasarkan jenis kelamin mereka. Jadi, jawaban yang tepat
untuk pertanyaan tersebut adalah to inform readers about the factors affecting depression in
teenagers based on their genders (Untuk menginformasikan pembaca tentang faktor yang
mempengaruhi depresi pada remaja berdasarkan jenis kelamin mereka).
4. Passage
Until now, all artificial retinal research has used only rigid, hard materials. The new research, by
Vanessa Restrepo-Schild, a 24 year old Ph.D. student and researcher at the Oxford University,
Department of Chemistry, is the first to successfully use biological, synthetic tissues, developed
in a laboratory environment. The study could revolutionize the bionic implant industry and the
development of new, less invasive technologies that more closely resemble human body tissues,
helping to treat degenerative eye conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa.
The study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, shows that unlike existing artificial retinal
implants, the cell-cultures are created from natural, biodegradable materials and do not contain
foreign bodies or living entities. In this way the implant is less invasive than a mechanical device,
and is less likely to have an adverse reaction on the body. Miss Restrepo-Schild added: ‘The
human eye is incredibly sensitive, which is why foreign bodies like metal retinal implants can be
so damaging, leading to inflammation and/or scarring. But a biological synthetic implant is soft
and water based, so much more friendly to the eye environment.’
Although at present the synthetic retina has only been tested in laboratory conditions, Miss
Restrepo-Schild is keen to build on her initial work and explore potential uses with living tissues.
This next step is vital in demonstrating how the material performs as a bionic implant.
Taken from: http://www.ox.ac.uk
Question
The best title for the passage is ....
A. Oxford student creates first aid to retinitis pigmentosa
B. Oxford student creates first bionic implant retina
C. Oxford student creates first synthetic retina
D. Oxford student creates first retina implant
E. Oxford student creates first anti-inflammation retina
Penjelasan/Explanation
Perhatikan kalimat utama paragraf pertama “The new research, by Vanessa Restrepo-Schild, a 24
year old PhD student and researcher at the Oxford University, Department of Chemistry, is the first to
successfully use biological, synthetic tissues, developed in a laboratory environment”.
Jadi, judul untuk teks tersebut yang paling tepat adalah “Mahasiswa Oxford Menciptakan Retina
Sintetis Pertama) (Oxford student creates first synthetic retina).
5. Passage A
Porpoises are a group of fully aquatic marine mammals that are sometimes referred to as
mereswine, all of which are classified under the family Phocoenidae, parvorder Odontoceti
(toothed whales). There are six extant species of porpoise. They are small toothed whales that
are very closely related to oceanic dolphins.
Porpoises range in size from the 1.4 meters (4.6 ft.) and 54 kilograms (119 lbs.). vaquita, the
smallest cetacean to be discovered, to the 2.3 meters (7.5 ft.) and 220 kilograms (490 lb.) Dall's
porpoise. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism in that the females are larger than males.
They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. Dall's porpoise is
one of the fastest cetaceans discovered, with the ability to travel at 41 knots (76 km/h). Porpoises
have the ability to produce bio-sonar and it is their primary sensory system. Some species are
well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin to
keep them warm in cold water.
Porpoises are not very widespread, with many specializing near the polar regions, usually
near the coast. Porpoises feed largely on fish and squid, much like the rest of the odontocetes.
Males typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three
years.
Passage B
People use the terms dolphins, porpoises, and whales to describe marine mammals
belonging to the order Cetacea (from the Greek work ketos, “large sea creature”), and often use
them interchangeably.
Dolphins are by far more prevalent than porpoises. Most scientists agree that there are 32
dolphin species (plus five closely related species of river dolphin) and only six porpoise species.
So what’s the difference? It essentially comes down to their faces, their fins, and their figures.
Dolphins tend to have prominent, elongated “beaks” and cone-shaped teeth, while porpoises
have smaller mouths and spade-shaped teeth. The dolphin’s hooked or curved dorsal fin (the
one in the middle of the animal’s back) also differs from the porpoise’s triangular dorsal fin.
Generally speaking, dolphin bodies are leaner, and porpoises’ are portly.
Dolphins are also more talkative than porpoises. Dolphins make whistling sounds through
their blowholes to communicate with one another underwater. Scientists are pretty sure that
porpoises do not do this, and some think this may be due to structural differences in the
porpoise’s blowhole.
Question
Which of the following statements is true according to both passages?
Neurologis
A. Dolphins have a layer of fat under the skin to keep them warm in cold water.
B. Porpoises and dolphins make whistling sounds to communicate underwater.
C. Porpoises and the river dolphins are very closely related.
D. Porpoises are often lives in The North Pole.
E. Porpoises is slimmer than the dolphins.
Penjelasan/Explanation
Perhatikan kalimat pertama paragraf terakhir teks B berikut “Porpoises are not very
widespread, with many specializing near the polar regions, usually near the coast” (Porpoises tidak
terlalu tersebar luas, mereka berada di daerah sekitar kutub, biasanya dekat pantai).
Jadi, pernyataan yang benar sesuai dengan kedua teks adalah porpoises biasanya hidup di
Kutub Utara (porpoises are often lives in The North Pole).
