Chapter 12 Orthogonal functions and Fourier series summary
Define1 Inner product and Norm 內積與範數
Inner product 內積 Norm 範數
Vector
u1 ⋅ u2 u=1 u1 ⋅ u1 u= 2 u2 ⋅ u2
向量
Function b b b
∫ φ1 (t )φ2 (t )dt φ1 ( t ) = ∫ φ1 (t )φ1 (t )dt φ2 ( t ) = ∫ φ (t )φ (t )dt
2 2
函數 a a a
Define 2 Orthogonal and Othonormal 正交與單位正交
Two functions φ1 and φ2 are said to be orthogonal on the interval [a, b] if
b
(φ1 , φ2 )
= ∫=
φ (t )φ (t )dt 0
a 1 2
b
(φ ,=
φ ) ∫ φ (t )φ (t=
m n )dt 0, m ≠ n
a m n
Define 3 Orthogonal series expansion and generalized Fourier series
∞
f ( x ) = ∑ cnφn ( x ),
n =0
b b
∫= f ( x )φn ( x ) dx ∫ f ( x )φ ( x ) w( x)dx
n
cn a
b
or cn a
b
∫ φn ( x ) dx ∫ φ ( x ) w( x)dx
2 2
a a n
Define 4 Even and odd function
Even 偶函數 Odd 積函數
f (− x) =f ( x) f (− x) =
- f ( x)
Chapter 12 Orthogonal functions and Fourier series summary
The product of an even and an odd function is odd.(even)(odd) = odd
The product of an even and an even function is even. (even)(even) = even
The product of an odd and an odd function is even. (odd )( odd) = even
The sum(difference) of an odd and an odd function is odd. (odd) ± (odd) = odd
The sum (difference) of an even and an even function is even. (even) ± (even) =even
Key:
How to slove Fourier Series、Fourier integral and Fourier transform？
1) Graph the function to know is odd or even function
2) Write the formula
Define 5 Fourier Series and integral
Fourier Series Fourier integral
general formula ∞
nπ nπ
a0 + ∑ an cos
f ( x) = x + bn sin x
n =1 L L
1 L
2 L ∫− L
a0 = f ( x)dx
1 L nπ
L ∫− L
an = f ( x) cos xdx, n = 1, 2,
L
1 L nπ
bn =
L ∫− L
f ( x) sin
L
xdx, n = 1, 2,
Even function ∞
nπ
) a0 + ∑ an cos
f ( x= x
Fourier cosin seriers n =1 L
1 L 1 L
=a0 = ∫
2L − L
f ( x)dx
L ∫0
f ( x)dx
1 L nπ
L ∫− L
an = f ( x) cos xdx
L
2 L nπ
L ∫0
= f ( x) cos xdx, n = 1, 2,
L
Odd function ∞
nπ
f ( x) = ∑ bn sin x
Fourier sinin seriers n =1 L
1 L nπ
bn =
L ∫− L
f ( x) sin
L
xdx
2 L nπ
L ∫0
= f ( x) sin xdx, n = 1, 2,
L
Fourier ∞ nπ
x i
f ( x) = ∑ cn e L
Complex integral n =1
nπ
1 L − x i
2 L ∫− L
cn = f ( x ) e L
dx
Chapter 12 Orthogonal functions and Fourier series summary
Define 6 Fourier transform
general formula
Even function
Fourier cosin seriers
Odd function
Fourier sinin seriers
Define 7 Derivative function
Define 8 Bessel series
x 2 y′′ + xy′ + ( x 2 −ν 2 ) y =
0
y ( x) =
c1 J v ( x) + c2 J v ( x) x≠0
