Unit 4-Maintain Healthy, Safe a n d Secure Working Environment

Chapter 13: Health, Safety and Security at Workplace

A. Multiple choice questions

1. Workplace safety is essential in organization_______________.
(a) to avoid the accident and injury
(b) to increase the productivity
(b) to improve the work environment
(d) All of the above
2. Which of the following is not mandatory to keep the good health of an employee?
(a) Cleanliness
(b) Food court
(c) Clean and fresh air
(d) Clean washroom
3. The security department is not responsible for________.
(a) personal safety
(b) computer system and equipment safety
(c) electrical safety
(d) personal belongings
4. The proper security procedures will increase___________,
(a) liabilities
(b) insurance
(c) business revenue
(d) operational charges of the company
5. Which kind of hazards can occur in IT industry?
(a) Biological
(b) Chemical
(c) Physical
(d) Ergonomic
6. Which of the following can cause hazards while using computers?
(a) Poor sitting postures or excessive duration of sitting in one position
(b) Lifting heavy object
(c) Mishandling of tools and equipment
(d) Improper handling of office equipment
7. Which of the following statements is likely to result in an injury to the operator?
(a) Selecting the right tool for the job
(b) Wearing safety goggles or glasses
(c) Using a tool with loose handles
(d) Keeping cutting tools sharp
8. What are the potential cause of hazards at workplace?
(a) Poor ventilation
(b) Poor lighting
(c) Poor housekeeping
(d) All of the above

B. Fill in the blanks

 1. Health of an employee is the state of the physical, mental and social
well being.
2. The work places must be cleaned in the morning before the people start
working.
3. A proper air conditioning provide clean and cool air at the workplace.
4. A fresh food cafeteria helps to maintain the health of the employee.
5. The work environment of the organisation must be safe and free from
hazrads and risk .
6. The proper security procedures will increase the business revenue and
will reduce the operational charges of the company.
7. Injuries and illness of the employees is prevented through national policy on
Occupational Health and Safety.
8. Physical hazards occurs due to physical work environment.
9. Electrical hazards mostly caused due to coming in direct contact with live wires,
or indirect contact through a conductor.
10. Hazards while using computers occurs due to poor sitting postures or
excessive duration of sitting in one position.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The employer and employees are responsible for workplace safety. True
2. Any injury at work should be reported to the supervisor immediately. True
3. No matter how big or small the injury; the injured person should receive medical
attention. True
4. While working with machines and equipment, employees must follow the safety
guidelines set by the company. True
5. Bright light sources behind the display screen can create contrast problems. True
6. Exposure to bright lights and toxic fumes and vapour could damage the mouth
and ears. False
7. The use of personal protective clothing and equipment can control the hazards at
workplace. True
8. Do not throw rubbish daily. True
9. Proper handling of office equipment can result in injuries. False
10. Stress at workplace can cause hazard in today’s organisation. True

D. Short answer questions

1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety and security at workplace.
A health, safety and security policy is a written statement by an employer stating the
company's commitment for the protection of the health, safety and security of employees and
to the public. It is an endorsed commitment by management to its employees regarding their
health, safety and security.

2. State the most important reasons for health, safety and security programs in
workplace
 Health, safety, and security programs in the workplace are crucial for several important
reasons:

1. Protection of Employees: These programs ensure the physical well-being of employees by

identifying and mitigating hazards that could cause injuries or illnesses. This includes
providing proper safety equipment, training on safe work practices, and implementing
protocols for emergency situations.
2. Compliance with Laws and Regulations: Workplace health, safety, and security programs
ensure that organizations comply with local, national, and international regulations and
standards. Failure to comply can result in legal penalties and fines.
3. Reduction of Workplace Accidents: By implementing safety protocols and training,
organizations can reduce the occurrence of workplace accidents, which in turn lowers
absenteeism, worker compensation costs, and disruptions to operations.
4. Enhancement of Productivity: A safe and secure work environment promotes employee
morale and productivity. When employees feel safe, they are more likely to focus on their tasks
without fear or distraction.
5. Protection of Company Assets: Security programs protect not only employees but also
company assets such as equipment, data, and intellectual property from theft, vandalism, or
unauthorized access.
6. Positive Reputation: Companies that prioritize health, safety, and security build a positive
reputation both internally and externally. This can attract and retain talent, improve customer
trust, and enhance relationships with stakeholders.

Overall, health, safety, and security programs are essential for creating a conducive work
environment where employees can perform their duties effectively and safely, benefiting both
the employees and the organization as a whole.

3. List out the various workplace safety hazards.

The 7 common workplace hazards are:
 Electrical hazards
 Biological hazards
 Physical hazards
 Ergonomic hazards
 Chemical hazards
 Work organization hazards
 Environmental hazards
 Fire hazards
 Health hazards

4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organisation.

Potential sources of hazards in an organization are:
Health hazards include chemical hazards (solvents, adhesives, paints, toxic dusts, etc.), physical
hazards (noise, radiation, heat, temperature etc.),
biological hazards (infectious diseases),
ergonomic risk factors (heavy lifting, repetitive motions, vibration, work shifts, stress, incorrect
posture),
chemical hazards (bacteria, viruses, blood, vapors, chemicals, gases)
accident (electrical, work environment)
5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.
These include eye strain and headaches, musculoskeletal disorders, stress and anxiety, sleep
disruption, social isolation, repetitive strain injury, exposure to electromagnetic fields, job
insecurity, cyberbullying and harassment, and work-life balance challenges.

6. What are the examples of potential hazards?

Health hazards include chemical hazards (solvents, adhesives, paints, toxic dusts, etc.), physical
hazards (noise, radiation, heat, etc.), biological hazards (infectious diseases), and ergonomic risk
factors (heavy lifting, repetitive motions, vibration).

7. What are the workplace safety rules?

 Keep work areas clean. Proper housekeeping alone can go a long way in preventing workplace
injury. Injuries such as slips, trips, falls, lacerations, sprains, strains, etc. can be reduced by
keeping work areas organized and clean. Basic safety rule: A clean workspace makes it a safe
working environment.

 Use the proper tool for the job. Avoid the first impulse to use whatever tool (or object) is
around you to get a work task done. Using the wrong tool for the job can result in an injury or
damage to the tool, which can lead to an injury in the future.

 Always wear the proper PPE for the work task. The lack of PPE, or the use of improper
PPE, leads to many injuries in the workplace. PPE is the last line of defense when protecting
yourself from the hazards of your work. If you come into contact with hazardous materials
while not wearing the correct PPE, the injury will be more severe than if you were wearing it.

 Never work on live equipment. Working on energized equipment is an unsafe act that can
result in serious injuries or fatalities. For your personal safety, always follow proper lock-
out/tag-out procedures prior to performing any maintenance or repair work on equipment.

 Make sure chemicals are properly labeled and stored. OSHA issues many citations
regarding hazard communication every year. Improper labeling and storage can lead to injuries
or property loss due to fires, corrosion, etc.

 Communicate hazards to other personnel. Never assume that a coworker understands the
hazards of a task, especially if they are new or new to the task. When work plans or conditions
change, take the necessary time to inform others of the impacts the changes have on safety.

 Stop work when needed to address hazards. Always stop work to take the time to get hazards
and unsafe conditions addressed to make it safe to continue the task. Whether you need to
involve other staff, such as a supervisor, or you need to take time to get the right tool for the
job, always take the time to do so.

8. List out different safety guidelines?

1. Store all cleaning chemicals in tightly closed containers in separate cupboards.
2. Throw garbage daily.
 3. Make sure all areas have proper lighting.
4. Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry when working with machines.
5. Never distract the attention of people who are working near a fire or with some
machinery, tools or equipment.
6. Where required, wear protective items, such as goggles, safety glasses, masks,
gloves, and hair nets.
7. Shut down all machines before l e a v i n g for the workplace.
8. Do not play with electrical controls or switches.
9. Do not operate machines or equipment until you have been properly
trained and allowed to do so by your supervisor.
10. Repair torn wires or broken plugs before using any electrical equipment.
11. Do not use equipment if it smokes, sparks or looks unsafe.
12. Cover all food with a lid, plastic wrap or aluminium foil.
13. Do not smoke in ‘No Smoking’ areas.
14. Report any unsafe condition or acts to your supervisor.

9. Describe type of emergency with example.

Emergencies may be natural or manmade and include the following:
 Floods,
 Hurricanes,
 Tornadoes,
 Fires,
 Toxic gas releases,
 Chemical spills,
 Radiological accidents,
 Explosions,
 Civil disturbances,
 Workplace violence resulting in bodily harm and trauma.

Chapter 14: Workplace Quality Measures

A. Multiple choice Questions;

1. To provide healthy and safety working environment, every organisation must
have___________.
a) Cleanliness
b) Filtered water
c) Clean wash-room
d) All of the above
2. Air pollution is mostly caused by production of the in the surrounding air.
a) dust
b) mixture of solid particles
c) gases
 d) All of above
3. Repetitive use of muscle may feel pain in your .
a) neck
b) shoulder
c) wrist or fingers
d) All of the above
4. The security department organisation is not responsible for .
a) other safety
b) computer system safety
c) electrical safety
d) transport safety
5. For an organisation, the proper security procedures will reduce .
a) liabilities
b) insurance
c) business revenue
d) operational charges of the company
6. Do not wear when working with machines.
a) jewellery
b) safety glasses
c) masks
d) gloves
7. Sore lower back is caused due to .
a) reaching forward frequently
b) no lumbar support
c) no upper back support from chair
d) reaching forward for long periods
8. What should you do with the problem of dry eyes?
a) Forget to blink
b) Rest eyes periodically and do simple eye exercises
c) Do exercise
d) Blink the eyes
9. If light is coming directly behind or in front of you then you may suffer from
.
a) eye strain
b) sore eyes
c) dry eyes
d) eye strain and sore eyes

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Air and water pollution can be analysed by using – physical, chemical and
biological analysis.
2. The PH value of the water can be measured through chemical analysis.
3. The microbial indicators are used to monitor the health of the ecosystem.
4. Ergonomics is the science concerned with designing and arranging things.
5. Working with wrists extended too much repetition can cause arching wrists.
6. The repetition of a seemingly innocuous task over a period of time can cause an
injury.
 7. If a cord or wire will cross a pathway safety it should be mark it with hazard
tape.
8. Loose cords and wires can cause electrical hazards .
9. Glare and reflections on the screen should be prevented.
10. The keyboard should have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The work environment of the organisation must be free from hazards and risk. True
2. Practice a n o v e h i c l e d a y i n every week to avoid air pollution. True
3. Applying ergonomics can improve performance and productivity. True
4. Wear rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer. False
5. Never touch or try repairing any electrical equipment or circuits with wet hands.
True
6. Unplug all power sources and cables from computer while working on computer.
False
7. Occupational overuse syndrome, also known as repetition strain injury. True
8. The work chair must be stable and allow the user to move easily. True
9. Artificial lighting from computer screens can cause sleeping problems. True
10. The keyboard and mouse should not be kept at the same level. False

D. Short answer type questions

1. What is occupational overuse syndrome?
A condition in which the prolonged performance of repetitive actions, typically with the hands,
causes pain or impairment of function in the tendon and muscles involved.
Occupational overuse syndrome, or OOS, also known as repetition strain injury (RSI), is
a type of injury common to fingers, hands, wrists and elbows. It is caused by repetitive
movements or awkward postures.

2. What are musculoskeletal problems?

This problem include different areas of your body, such as neck, back, chests,
arms shoulders and feet. It occurs because of your wrong posture, uncomfortable
chair for sitting that is not ergonomically correct while working on the computer.

3. What cautions to be taken while working on the computer?

It is important to work safely on computer. The static electricity generated just by
walking on the carpet can damage your computer component. So use a surge
protector when you plug your system in.
A battery backup system is the best way to protect against a power outage, as
it provides the system with constant voltage.
Remove rings, watches and necklaces while working on the computer. These
ornaments are often made of conductive metals which can damage Computer
components by striking them static electricity.
Unplug all power sources and cables from computer. If you are working with plugged
in computer then it might damage your hardware. Modern processors will overheat
 within 7 sec if heat sink is not attached

4. Why there is no right way to use a laptop?

In laptop the screen and keyboard are very close together and there is really no right
way to use a laptop because if you position the screen at the right height for your
back and neck, it will cause you to have to lift your arms and shoulders too high
to use it and vice versa. It will probably cause a problem.

5. What causes eye strain and how to avoid it?

Computer’s bright light, glare and flickering images can cause eye strain and visual
fatigue. When you constantly focus on screen, you forget about blinking your eyes
that can cause of drying eyes. Computer Vision Syndrome is caused by poor
lighting and glare on the computer screen. Both of these factors place strain on
the users eyes, causes blurry vision, burning and/or watering eyes, and headaches
To reduce the risks of visual problems:
• Adjust the brightness of computer screen to save your eyes from strain.
• Reposition the screen to avoid glare from lights or windows.
• Keep a proper vision distance from computer screen and blink your eyes in an
interval.
• Wear anti-glare glasses while working in computer.
• Keep the screen clean and use a desk lamp to make it easier to see.
• Ensure the screen colors are easy to look at, and that the characters are sharp
and legible.
• Give your eyes periodic breaks from the screen and perform frequent blinking.
Look away from the screen into the distance for a few moments to relax your
eyes; focus on something 30 meters away for 30 seconds every 30 minutes.
• Keep your monitor between 18 to 24 inches away from your face. Lastly, position
monitors to avoid glare from sunlight and keep them clean.

6. What type of display screen is suitable t o work on computer?

Use the modern LED monitors of legible size and with adequate spacing between
the characters and lines. The image on the screen should be stable, with no flickering
or other forms of instability. The screen must be free of reflective glare and reflections
liable to cause discomfort to the user

7. What type of keyboard is suitable to work on computer?

The keyboard should tilt and separate from the screen to find a comfortable working
position and avoid fatigue in the arms or hands. The space in front of the keyboard must
be sufficient to provide support for the hands and arms of the user. The keyboard should
have a matt surface to avoid reflective glare. The symbols on the keys must be
adequately contrasted and legible from the design working position.
 Chapter 15: Prevent Accidents and Emergencies
A.Multiple choice questions
1. What are the steps necessary for operating a fire extinguisher?
(a) Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher which is generally present in its
handle
(b) Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle
(c) Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever
(d) All of the above
2. Which of the following is an examples of ignition sources of open flames?
(a) Gas ovens
(b) Lighters in smoking areas
(c) Welding torches
(d) All of the above
3. In fire classification, all liquid, grease, and gas material comes under .
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class A material
4. In fire classification, material magnesium, potassium, and sodium comes under .
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
5. In fire classification, material wood, cloth, and paper comes under .
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
6. In fire classification, electrical material and equipment comes under .
(a) Class A material
(b) Class B material
(c) Class C material
(d) Class D material
7. When do we use a fire extinguisher?
(a) In case of flood
(b) In case of electric shock
(c) In case of fire
(d) In case of burn injury
8. What is the primary fire emergency telephone number is?
(a) 011
(b) 101
(c) 108
(d) 111
9. Which of the following contains everything you need to know about evacuating your
facility safely?
(a) Evacuation Diagram
(b) Emergency Action Plan
 (c) Employee Directory
(d) Both (a) and (b)
10. The best course of action to take during a medical emergency is to .
a) Begin first aid immediately
b) Activate the emergency plan for reporting injuries
c) Notify the person's family about the situation
d) Both (a) and (b)

B. Fill in the blanks

1. Emergency is a serious or crisis situation that needs immediate attention and
action.
2. A wet floor sign will warn people to walk carefully on freshly mopped floors.
3. Watch your steps signs can prevent accidents on a staircase with a sharp bent or
warn against a loose floor tile.
4. The coordinator should be responsible to handle evacuation process.
5. Workplace fires are commonly caused by improper storage of flammable material or
combustible dust.
6. There should always be an emergency response plan for scheduled electrical
maintenance or work.
7. If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first aid for injuries and treat for
shock.
8. A fire extinguisher is a cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which
can be discharged to extinguish a fire.

C. State whether the following statements are True or False

1. The organisation’s policies and guidelines is the best guide to handle emergency.
True
2. If someone is injured, act as per your impulse or gut feeling. False
3. Keep water and food items away from electrical equipment. True
4. Always switch off the electrical circuits. False
5. Always wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. False
6. A fire extinguisher is a protection device used to extinguish fires. True
7. Flammable materials can be placed around an door exit. False
8. You can determine possible evacuation routes from floor plan diagrams posted
in your facility. True
D. Short answer questions
1. What is a workplace emergency?
A workplace emergency refers to an unexpected event or situation that poses a risk to the safety
and security of employees, visitors, or the physical workplace. It is an an unforeseen situation
that threatens your employees, customers, or the public; disrupts or shuts down your
operations; or causes physical or environmental damage.
2. How do you protect yourself, your employees, and your business?

To protect yourself, your employees, and your business:

 1. Personal Safety: Always follow safety guidelines, wear appropriate protective gear, and
stay alert to potential hazards in your environment.
2. Employee Safety: Provide thorough training on workplace safety, ensure a safe working
environment, and encourage reporting of any safety concerns.
3. Business Security: Implement cybersecurity measures, secure physical premises, and
have contingency plans in place for emergencies like fires or natural disasters.
4. Legal Compliance: Adhere to all laws and regulations related to your industry to avoid
legal issues that could impact your business.
5. Insurance Coverage: Obtain insurance policies that cover your business against potential
risks, such as liability and property damage.

By focusing on these areas, you can create a safer, more secure environment for yourself,
your employees, and your business operations.

3. What is an emergency action plan?

An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document required by particular OSHA
standards. The purpose of an EAP is to facilitate and organize employer and employee actions
during workplace emergencies.

4. What should your emergency action plan include?

An EAP must include at a minimum: procedures for reporting a fire or other emergency.
procedures for emergency evacuation, including type of evacuation and exit route assignments.
use floor plans or workplace maps which clearly show the emergency escape routes.

5. How do you develop an evacuation policy and procedures?

Step 1: Evaluate the Emergency.
Step 2: Determine Exit Routes.
Step 3: Identify Safe Areas.
Step 4: Develop Evacuation Procedures.
Step 5: Discuss with Employees.
Step 6: Assign Responsibilities.
Step 7: Conduct Training Exercises.
Step 8: Review and Update the Plan as Needed.

6. How do you establish evacuation routes and exits?

Exit routes should be:
1. Clearly marked and well lit.
2. Wide enough to accommodate the number of evacuating personnel.
3. Unobstructed and clear of debris at all times.
4. Unlikely to expose evacuating personnel to additional hazards.

7. What are the various types of fire extinguisher and their extinguishing
material?
There are five different fire extinguishers, which are:
 Water, water mist or water spray fire extinguishers: This type of extinguisher releases
microscopic water molecules
 Foam fire extinguishers; aluminium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate in separate
 chambers
 Carbon Dioxide ('CO2') fire extinguishers: are filled with non-flammable carbon
dioxide gas under extreme pressure
 Wet Chemical fire extinguishers.: These extinguishers contain a solution composed of
potassium
 Abc powder fire extinguisher: A powder extinguisher sprays a very fine chemical
powder composed most commonly of monoammonium phosphate
8. What are the steps for operating a fire extinguisher in case of a fire emergency.
Procedure
 Step 1: Identify the safety pin of the fire extinguisher, present in its handle.
 Step 2: Break the seal and pull the safety pin from the handle.
 Step 3: Use the fire extinguisher by squeezing the lever.
 Step 4: Sweep it from side to side.

9. Compare the different type of fire extinguisher.

Red (water) only suitable for Class A and not safe on other classes of fire.
Blue (foam) only suitable for Class A and B fires.
White (dry powder) suitable for Class B, electrical fires (E) and also suitable on Class A fires
(ABE)
10. List the different class of fire.
Class A: solid materials such as wood or paper, fabric, and some plastics
Class B: liquids or gas such as alcohol, ether, gasoline, or grease
Class C: electrical failure from appliances, electronic equipment, and wiring
Class D: metallic substances such as sodium, titanium, zirconium, or magnesium
Class K: grease or oil fires specifically from cooking

11. List out electrical rescue techniques.

Approaching the accident
• Never rush into an accident situation.
• Call 108 as soon as possible.
• Approach the accident place cautiously.

Examining the scene

• Visually examine victims to determine if they are in contact with energised
conductors.
• Metal surfaces, objects near the victim itself may be energised.
• Do not touch the victim or conductive surfaces while they are energised.
• Switch off the electrical circuits if possible.

Hazards and solutions

• Be alert for hazards, such as heated surfaces and fire.
• In case you cannot switch off the power source, take extreme care.
• Ensure that your hands and feet are dry.
• Wear protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes. Stand on a clean
dry surface.
 • Use non-conductive material to remove a victim from the conductor.
High voltage rescue
• Special training is required for rescues if high voltage is
present.
• Protective equipment, such as gloves and shoes must be
worn.
First Aid
• A victim may require Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Steps to
perform in CPR.
• If the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat, give first aid for injuries and
treat for shock.
• Ensure the victim gets medical care as soon as possible.
• Physician attending the victim must have detailed information to properly
diagnose and care for the victim.

12. What is the first aid for electrical emergencies?

Take this action right away while waiting for medical help:

 Turn off the source of electricity, if possible. If not, use a dry, nonconducting object
made of cardboard, plastic or wood to move the source away from you and the injured
person.
Treatment

 Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of circulation, such as breathing, coughing or
movement.
 Try to prevent the injured person from becoming chilled.
 Apply a bandage. Cover any burned areas with a sterile gauze bandage, if available, or a
clean cloth. Don't use a blanket or towel because loose fibers can stick to the burns.