Conditionals: zero, frst, second, third, mixed, inverted / unless, in case, as/so long 2s, provided (that) Unit 9 Third conditional if + past perfect (simple or continuous), would + have + past participle Use Example Ifyou had worn a fake beard, no one would have known who you werel| = You didn't wear a fake beard so people knew who youwere) If she'd been wearing her new glasses, |would have noticed them. (= She wasn't wearing hernew glasses so I didn’t notice them) Hypothetical conditions in the past and theirresults in the past © Ve can also use might, ould or should instead of would, depending on the meaning. tet out, ¥ Iflhad done some revision, | might / could /should have passed the exam. wi Mixed conditionals if-+ past perfect (simple or continuous), would + bare infinitive Example Hypothetical past condition | if! had listened to my parents, | wouldn't be in somuch troublenow, (=| didn't listen to and a present result my parents so I'm in lots of troublenow,) if-+ past simple or past continuous, would + have + past participle Use Example Hypothetical present ifthad a mobile, would have called you last night. (=| don't have a mobile so | didn't condition anda past result_| callyoulastnight) Inverted conditionals Form Should /you/he/etc....instead of If /you/he/etc should... Were /you/he/etc...instead of if /you/he/etc were... Had Wou/he/etc ..instead of If /you/he/etchad... Use Example More formal form of the first conditional | Should the situation worsen, the United Nations is prepared to send in a (with should) peacekeeping force.( = f the situation should worsen...) More formal form of the second Were the situation to worsen, the United Nations would be prepared tosend in conditional a peacekeeping force. (= Ifthe situation were to worsen...) Had the situation worsened, the United Nations would have been prepared to More formal form of the third conditional | ‘end in a peacekeeping force.( = Ifthe situation had worsened... © For allconditional sentences (first, second, third, mixed, inverted), when the condition comes before wane oO the result itis usually followed by a comma. When the result comes fst,no comma is necessary. ¥ Ifthada mobile, would have called you last night. ¥ [would have called you fast night iff hada mobile. © Inconditional sentences, modals (will, would, could,etc) are sometimes followed by a continuous infinitive, We'd still be waiting if you hade’t tured up. S © With second and third conditionals in informal conversation, speakers of American English eet sometimes use would or would havein the ifelause. This is very unusual in British English. Yeas US: How would you feel if this happened / would happen to you? UK: How would you fel if this happenedto you? US: I would have felt avfulifthat had happened /would have happened tome. UK: | would have felt awful f thet had happened to me,Unit 9 Grammar A Write Yes or No to answer the questions about each sentence. 1 If Carl doesn’t come to the party, I'll be really upset. Is itpossible that Carl won't come to the party? 2 Ifmy neighbour became prime minister, he'd give everyonea million euros. Is tlikely that the neighbour will become prime minister? Is itpossible that the neighbour will become prime minister? 3 IfHelen weren't here,| don't know what we'd do. Is Helen here now? “ 4 IfTarek had had enough money, he'd have bought a car. Did Tarek have enough money? Did he buy a car? 5 If Debbie hadn't gone to the UK, she wouldn't have met Will Did Debbie go to the UK? .. Did she meet Will? : 6 If the police had investigated the case thoroughly, they wouldn't have arrested Keren. Did the police investigate the case thoroughly? Did they arrest Keren? 7 Had she not gone to university, she might not have started her own business. Did she go to university? Did she start her own business? B Complete the definitions using your own ideas. Example: Ifyou trust someone, Ifyou bully someone, Ifyou accuse someone, Ifyou are aliar, Ifyou are rich, Ifyou are lucky, Ifyou are lazy, If you look up to someone, Ifyou look down on someone, evVaneuwne C Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box. find « forget « get + leave - see « take « want « work ifshe at five o'clock, she'll be there by half past seven. We you if we have any problems. It might not bea good idea to go out tonight ifyou morning. Ifyou .. illall day, you shouldn’t come to the club tonight. Ifyou should . my wallet, call me on my mobile immediately! Let's get a different DVD if you .» that one already. IfSean sohard lately, he'll welcome the chance to have a few days off. If you're going into town, .. video for tonight while you're there! Ifyou see Carol tonight, to say hello from me! Don't feel you have to come if you . ~ to. x an important testin the Swoovous 56Contitionals: zero, first, second, third, mixed, inverted / unless, in case, as/so long as, provided (that) Unit 9 D Circle the correct word or phrase 1 Thistime in six months Ill be at university unless /if| decide to take a year off first. 2 We'd better leave early tomorrow unless / in case there’sa lot of traffic when we get to Doncaster. 3. Youcan watch the film as long as /in case you promise to go straight to bed when it finishes. Let's go to Mirabella’s tonight unless /if you haven't been there before. Unless /So long as I've still got my health, | don’t mind how poor | am! Youd better take a sweater with you now if /in case It gets cold tonight. Do what you like provided / unless you don't make any noise. 'm not going toworry unless / as long as she hasn't called by midnight. evausn E Write sentences using the second conditional. Example: don't want to buy that CD so I'm not going to. If||wanted to buy that CD, | would, 1 Idont live alone so I dor't get lonely 2. Don's got such a lot of homework that he’s not going to play football tonight. 3 I can't swim so I'm not going scuba diving with Terry. 4 We'te not going to order a pizza because we dont have enough money. 5 We'te not staying in the same hotel, so we can't share a room 6 I'mnot you, but! think you should call Antony right now! 7 {can’t come because | have to help my dad with something. 8 I don't go to bed as late as you so I'm able to get up early in the morning. F Read the text and complete the sentences using the third conditional. Some scientists, such as Stephen Hawking, believe it’s possible that there are billions and billions of universes. Each universe has a different possible consequence for every action. In the universe we live in, for example, George Bush became President of the USA in January 2001,and Greece won the European Cup in July 2004, But in other universes different things happened. Imagine if that's true! In some universes, your parents didn't meet, so you weren't born. In another universe, ameteor didn't strike the Earth, so the dinosaurs didn’t become extinct. In a different universe, your best friend won the lottery last summer and moved to a bigger house. In another parallel universe, you started learning English a year earlier, so you did this book last year! Somewhere else, Madonna wasn't discovered, and so didn't make any records. In another universe, Van Gogh was recognised as a great painter during his lifetime, and so didn’t die in poverty. And perhapsin several universes, there were enough lifeboats on the Titanic and so everyone on board survived. It makes you think, doesn't it? S7Unit 9 Grammar 1 If Id started learning English a year earlier. 2 IFameteor hadn't struck the Earth, .. 3 Ifmy best friend had won the lottery last summer, 4 ifmy parents 5 Everyone on board the Titanic 6 7 8 9 Van Gogh Madonna IfGeorge Bush NGreece ... Choose the correct answer. If this theory about parallel universes (1) wm COMECt it (2) samme that were living in more than one universe at the same time.Butif that (3) .. true—if| was doing differentthings in different Lumverses ~ (4) mms ABOUT it.ANG if1 (5) mmm abOutit, How could it be me doing these things? IF1 (6) smn the lottery last year in a parallel universe, and decided to sail round the world, howis that‘me’? it doesnt make sense! And another thing. If ido something, it (7) ..n0- consequences. For example, if (8) .......study, I might not pass my exams.| can't start thinkingabout different universes where the consequences are different. f1just (9)... about the universe I actually liven, then I'm sure (10) sn. okay! A willbe B is C would have been —D_ hasbeen A hasmeant B meant C had meant D means A willbe B was being C were D hasbeen A Id know 8 I'llknow C Thave known D iknow ‘A wouldnt know —B don’t know C won't know D didn’t know A had won B was winning C_havewon D win A would have B wouldhavehad C will have D had had A won't B havent C dont D hadn't A think B tothink C amthinking D have thought A Idbe B I've been C Id have been D Iilbe H Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 (you /do) your homework last night, you'd know the answer to 2 .- (not/ stand) by the side of the road at the moment trying to (we / bring) a spare tyre with us. 3 (not / stay up) so late last night,| (not /feel) so tired this morning! 4 (1/be) in terrible trouble right now if you a (not /help) me. 5 Iflhada video recorder (I/ record) the match last night. (1/ ask) for Andy's phone number when I met him if | (not/ already / have) a boyfriend! DSTOConditionals: zero, first, second, third, mixed, inverted / unless, incase, a3/s0 long as, provided (that) Unit 9 7 IfCody.. (not / live) so far away, he (not / be) so late to the barbecue yesterday. 8 Tracy (not / need) extra lessons last month if she (be) as good at maths as you are. 9 (you / got) a job when you left schoo! ifthe university (not / offer) you a place? 10 ifyou . (have) as much money as she does, (you / retire) by now? 1 Complete the sentences so that the meaning remains the same. 1 If her condition should improve, we'll inform you immediately. ‘Should. 2 Jade will ask lots of ‘Should. 3 If you were able to go abroad for the summer, where would you go? Were. 4 If was to become a vet, I'd find putting animals down very difficult. Were. 5 The world would be much better off if all environmental pollution stopped today. Were ifficult questions if she gets to interview a famous politician. 6 Ifthe hole in the ozone layer had been discovered sooner, fewer people would have got skin cancer. Had . a 7 \ wouldn't have become a teacher if | hadn't had such a good English teacher at school. Had . J Ifalline is correct, put a tick () next to the number. If there is an extra word in a line, write it next to the number. Being an only child Im an only child. People often say to me: ‘Wouldn't you be a lot happier if you have had brothers and sisters?’but| don't see it like that, {t's true that if| had had a brother or sister, would have someone closer ‘to my own age to talk to and play with athome, but | don't think that’s very important provided for you have close friends, which! do. If my parents would had more children, they wouldn't be able to spend so much time with me. And we have great fun together! Also, except if|had a brother or sister, fd have it to share a bedroom with them.That might be fun, but what would happen if | wanted to play my CDs and he or she had to study? No~ I don't want a brother or sister,unless it will happens, of course. In that case, I think it's the best thing in the world! Sewervausunas