CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs AWS D1 .1 /D1 .

1 M:2020

Table 5.1
Prequalified WPS Requirementsa (see 5.2)
SAWb
Variable Position Weld Type SMAW Single Parallel Multiple GMAW/ FCAWc
Filletd 5/16 in [8.0 mm]
Flat Grooved 1/4 in [6.4 mm] 1/4 in [6.4 mm] 1/8 in [3.2 mm]
Maximum Root pass 3/16 in [4.8 mm]
Electrode Fillet 1/4 in [6.4 mm] 1/4 in [6.4 mm]
Horizontal 1/8 in [3.2 mm]
Diameter Groove 3/16 in [4.8 mm] Requires WPS Qualification Test
Vertical All 3/16 in [4.8 mm] e 3/32 in [2.4 mm]
Overhead All 3/16 in [4.8 mm] e 5/64 in [2.0 mm]
All Fillet 1000 A 1200A
Groove weld
root pass 700A
with opening
Within the range Within the range
Groove weld
of operation Unlimited of operation
Maximum root pass 600A
recommended by 900A recommended by
Current All without
the filler metal the filler metal
opening
manufacturer manufacturer
Groove weld
1200A
fill passes
Groove weld
Unlimited
cap pass
Maximum Flat 3/8 in [10 mm] 3/8 in [10 mm]
Unlimited
Root Pass Horizontal 5/16 in [8 mm] 5/16 in [8 mm]
All
Thickness b Vertical 1/2 in [12 mm] 1/2 in [12 mm]
Overhead 5/16 in [8 mm] 5/16 in [8 mm]
Maximum
1/4 in
Fill Pass All All 3/16 in [5 mm] Unlimited 1/4 in [6 mm]
[6 mm]
Thickness
Flat 3/8 in [10 mm] Unlimited 1/2 in [12 mm]
Maximum
5/16 in 5/16 in 1/2 in
Single Pass Horizontal 5/16 in [8 mm] 3/8 in [10 mm]
Fillet [8 mm] [8 mm] [12 mm]
Fillet Weld
Vertical 1/2 in [12 mm] 1/2 in [12 mm]
Sizef
Overhead 5/16 in [8 mm] 5/16 in [8 mm]
Root Laterally
opening > displaced
All (for Split layers Split layers Split layers
1/2 in electrodes or
Maximum GMAW/ [12 mm] split layer
Single Pass FCAW)
Layer Width F&H Split layers with
Split layers Split layers
(for SAW) Any layer of tandem electrodes
if w > 5/8 in if w > 1 in (Footnote g)
width, w if w > 5/8 in
[16 mm] [25 mm]
[16 mm]
a Shaded area indicates nonapplicability.
b See 5.8.2.1 for width–to–depth limitations.
c GMAW-S shall not be prequalified.
d Except root passes.
e 5/32 in [4.0 mm] for EXX14 and low–hydrogen electrodes.
f See 5.6.2 for requirements for welding unpainted and exposed ASTM A588.
g In the F, H, or OH positions for nontubulars, split layers when the layer width, w > 5/8 in [16 mm]. In the vertical position for nontubulars or the flat,

horizontal, vertical, and overhead positions for tubulars, split layers when the width, w > 1 in [25 mm].

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 AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

Table 5.2
Essential Variables for Prequalified WPSs (see 5.2.1)
Variables that must be included in a Prequalified WPS

(1) Welding Process(es) a (12) Mode of Transfer (GMAW)

(2) Welding Position(s) (13) Type of Current (AC or DC)
(3) Base Metal Group Number(s) (See Table 5.3) (14) Current Polarity (AC, DCEN, DCEP)
(4) Base Metal Preheat Category(s) (See Table 5.4) (15) Wire Feed Speed (SAW, FCAW, GMAW)
(5) Filler Metal Classification (SMAW, GMAW, FCAW) (16) Travel Speed
(6) Filler Metal/Flux Classification (SAW) (17) Nominal Shielding Gas Composition (FCAW-G, GMAW)
(7) Nominal Electrode Diameter (18) Shielding Gas Flow Rate (FCAW-G, GMAW)
(8) Number of Electrodes (SAW) (19) Weld Type (Fillet, CJP, PJP, Plug, Slot)
(9) Electrode Spacing and Orientation (SAW) (20) Groove Weld Details
(10) Amperage (SAW, FCAW, GMAW) (21) Postweld Heat Treatment
(11) Voltage (SAW, FCAW, GMAW)
Variable Tolerances for Prequalified WPSs

Variable Allowable tolerance

(22) Amperage (SAW, FCAW, GMAW) + or – 10%

(23) Voltage (SAW, FCAW, GMAW) + or – 15%
(24) Wire Feed Speed (if not amperage controlled) (SAW, FCAW, + or – 10%
GMAW)
(25) Travel Speed (SAW, FCAW, GMAW) + or – 25%
(26) Shielding Gas Flow Rate (FCAW-G, GMAW) > 50%, if increase or > 25%, if decrease
(27) Change in the longitudinal spacing of arcs (SAW) > 10% or 1/8 in [3 mm], whichever is greater
(28) Lateral spacing of arcs (SAW) > 10% or 1/8 in [3 mm], whichever is greater
(29) The angular orientation of parallel electrodes (SAW) + or – 10%
(30) The angle parallel to the direction of travel of the electrode + or – 10%
for mechanized or automatic (SAW)
(31) The angle of electrode normal to the direction of travel for + or – 10%
mechanized or automatic (SAW)
aA separate WPS shall be required when this variable is changed.

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 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

Table 5.3
Approved Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs (see 5.3)
G Steel Specification Requirements
R
O Minimum Yield Point/Strength Tensile Range
U
P Steel Specification ksi MPa ksi MPa
ASTM A36 ≤ 3/4 in [20 mm] 36 250 58–80 400–550
ASTM A53 Grade B 35 240 60 min. 415 min.
ASTM A106 Grade B 35 240 60 min. 415 min.
ASTM A131 Grades A, B, D, E 34 235 58–75 400–520
ASTM A139 Grade B 35 240 60 min. 415 min.
ASTM A381 Grade Y35 35 240 60 min. 415 min.
ASTM A500 (Square/ Grade A 39 270 45 min. 310 min.
Rectangular)
Grade B 46 315 58 min. 400 min.
Grade C 50 345 62 min. 425 min.
ASTM A500 (Round) Grade A 33 230 45 min. 310 min.
Grade B 42 290 58 min. 400 min.
Grade C 46 315 62 min. 425 min.
ASTM A501 Grade A 36 250 58 min. 400 min.
ASTM A516 Grade 55 30 205 55–75 380–515
Grade 60 32 220 60–80 415–550
ASTM A524 Grade I 35 240 60–85 415–586
Grade II 30 205 55–80 380–550
I ASTM A573 Grade 65 35 240 65–77 450–530
Grade 58 32 220 58–71 400–490
ASTM A709 Grade 36 ≤ 3/4 in [20 mm] 36 250 58–80 400–550
ASTM A1008 SS Grade 30 30 205 45 min. 310 min.
Grade 33 Type 1 33 230 48 min. 330 min.
Grade 40 Type 1 40 275 52 min. 360 min.
ASTM A1011 SS Grade 30 30 205 49 min. 340 min.
Grade 33 33 230 52 min. 360 min.
Grade 36 Type 1 36 250 53 min. 365 min.
Grade 40 40 275 55 min. 380 min.
Grade 45 Type 1 45 310 60 min. 410 min.
ASTM A1018 SS Grade 30 30 205 49 min. 340 min.
Grade 33 33 230 52 min. 360 min.
Grade 36 36 250 53 min. 365 min.
Grade 40 40 275 55 min. 380 min.
API 5L Grade B 35 241 60 min. 414 min.
Grade X42 42 290 60 min. 414 min.
ABS Grades A, B, D, Eb 34 235 58–75 400–520
(Continued)

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 AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

Table 5.3 (Continued)

Approved Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs (see 5.3)
G Steel Specification Requirements
R
O Minimum Yield Point/Strength Tensile Range
U
P Steel Specification ksi MPa ksi MPa
ASTM A36 All thicknesses 36 250 58–80 400–550
ASTM A1 31 Grades AH32, DH32, EH32 46 31 5 64–85 440–590
Grades AH36, DH36, EH36 51 355 71 –90 490–620
ASTM A501 Grade B 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
ASTM A51 6 Grade 65 35 240 65–85 450–585
Grade 70 38 260 70–90 485–620
ASTM A529 Grade 50 50 345 65–1 00 450–690
Grade 55 55 380 70–1 00 485–690
ASTM A537 Class 1 ≤ 2 ½ in [≤ 65 mm] 50 345 70–90 485–620
> 2 ½ [65 mm] ≤ 4 in [1 00 mm] 45 31 0 65–85 450–585
ASTM A572 Grade 42 42 290 60 min. 41 5 min.
Grade 50 50 345 65 min. 450 min.
Grade 55 55 380 70 min. 485 min.
ASTM A588 b ≤ 4 in [1 00 mm] 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
> 4 in [1 00 mm] ≤ 5 in [1 25 mm] 46 31 5 67min. 460 min.
> 5 in [1 25 mm] ≤ 8 in [200 mm] 42 290 63 min. 435 min.
All Shapes 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
ASTM A595 Grade A 55 380 65 min. 450 min.
Grades B and C 60 41 0 70 min. 480 min.
ASTM A606 b Cold-rolled Grade 45 45 31 0 65 min. 450 min.
Hot-rolled Grade 50 (AR) 50 340 70 min. 480 min.
Hot-rolled Grade 50 (A or N) 45 31 0 65 min. 450 min.
ASTM A61 8 Grades Ib, II wall ≤ ¾ in [1 9 mm] 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
II Grades Ib, II wall > ¾ in ≤ 1 -1 /2 in 46 31 5 67 min. 460 min.
[> 1 9 mm ≤ 38 mm]
Grade III 50 345 65 min. 450 min.
ASTM A633 Grade A 42 290 63–83 430–570
Grades C, D
50 345 70–90 485–620
≥ 2-1 /2 in [65 mm]
ASTM A709 Grade 36 Plates ≤ 4 in [1 00 mm] 36 250 58–80 400–550
Grade 36 Shapes ≤ 3 in [75 mm] 36 250 58–80 400–550
Grade 36 Shapes > 3 in [75 mm] 36 250 58 min. 400 min.
Grade 50 50 345 65 min. 450 min.
Grade 50Wb 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
Grade 50S 50–65 345–450 65 min. 450 min.
Grade HPS 50Wb 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
ASTM A71 0 Grade A, Class 2 > 2 in ≤ 4 in 55 380 65 min. 450 min.
[> 50 mm ≤ 1 00 mm]
> 4 in [1 00 mm] 50 345 60 min. 41 5 min.
ASTM A847 50 345 70 min. 485 min.
ASTM A91 3 Grade 50 50 345 65 min. 450 min.
ASTM A992 50–65 345–450 65 min. 450 min.
ASTM A1 008 HSLAS Grade 45 Class 1 45 31 0 60 min. 41 0 min.
Grade 45 Class 2 45 31 0 55 min. 380 min.
Grade 50 Class 1 50 340 65 min. 450 min.
Grade 50 Class 2 50 340 60 min. 41 0 min.
Grade 55 Class 1 55 380 70 min. 480 min.
Grade 55 Class 2 55 380 65 min. 450 min.

(Continued)

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 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

Table 5.3 (Continued)

Approved Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs (see 5.3)
G Steel Specification Requirements
R
O Minimum Yield Point/Strength Tensile Range
U
P Steel Specification ksi MPa ksi MPa
ASTM A1008 HSLAS-F Grade 50 50 340 60 min. 410 min.
ASTM A1011 HSLAS Grade 45 Class 1 45 310 60 min. 410 min.
Grade 45 Class 2 45 310 55 min. 380 min.
Grade 50 Class 1 50 340 65 min. 450 min.
Grade 50 Class 2 50 340 60 min. 410 min.
Grade 55 Class 1 55 380 70 min. 480 min.
Grade 55 Class 2 55 380 65 min. 450 min.
ASTM A1011 HSLAS-F Grade 50 50 340 60 min. 410 min.
ASTM A1011 SS Grade 50 50 340 65 min. 450 min.
Grade 55 55 380 70 min. 480 min.
ASTM A1018 HSLAS Grade 45 Class 1 45 310 60 min. 410 min.
Grade 45 Class 2 45 310 55 min. 380 min.
Grade 50 Class 1 50 340 65 min. 450 min.
Grade 50 Class 2 50 340 60 min. 410 min.
II Grade 55 Class 1 55 380 70 min. 480 min.
Grade 55 Class 2 55 380 65 min. 450 min.
(cont'd) ASTM A1018 HSLAS-F Grade 50 50 340 60 min. 410 min.
ASTM A1066 Grade 50 50 345 65 min. 450 min.
ASTM A1085 50–70 345–485 65 min. 450 min.
API 2H Grade 42 42 289 62–82 427–565
Grade 50 50 345 70–90 483–620
API 2MT1 Grade 50 50 345 65–90 488–620
API 2W Grade 42 42–67 290–462 62 min. 427 min.
Grade 50 50–75 345–517 65 min. 448 min.
Grade 50T 50–80 345–552 70 min. 483 min.
API 2Y Grade 42 42–67 290–462 62 min. 427 min.
Grade 50 50–75 345–517 65 min. 448 min.
Grade 50T 50–80 345–552 70 min. 483 min.
API 5L Grade X52 52 359 66 min. 455 min.
ABS Grades AH32, DH32, EH32 46 315 64–85 440–590
Grades AH36, DH36, EH36 b 51 355 71–90 490–620
API 2W Grade 60 60–90 414–621 75 min. 517 min.
API 2Y Grade 60 60–90 414–621 75 min. 517 min.
ASTM A537 Class 2b ≤ 2 ½ in [65 mm] 60 415 80–100 550–690
> 2 ½ in [65 mm] ≤ 4 in [1 00 mm] 55 380 75–95 515–655
> 4 in [1 00 mm] ≤ 6 in [1 50 mm] 46 315 70–90 485–620
ASTM A572 Grade 60 60 415 75 min. 520 min.
Grade 65 65 450 80 min. 550 min.
ASTM A633 Grade Eb ≤ 4 in [1 00 mm] 60 415 80–100 550–690
III > 4 in [1 00 mm] ≤ 6 in [1 50 mm] 55 380 75–95 515–655
ASTM A710 Grade A, Class 2 ≤ 1 in [20 mm] 65 450 72 min. 495 min.
Grade A, Class 2 > 1 in ≤ 2 in 60 415 72 min. 495 min.
[> 25 mm ≤ 50 mm]
Grade A, Class 3 > 2 in ≤ 4 in 65 450 75 min. 515 min.
[> 50 mm ≤ 1 00 mm]
Grade A, Class 3 > 4 in [100 mm] 60 415 70 min. 485 min.
ASTM A913 a Grade 60 60 415 75 min. 520 min.
Grade 65 65 450 80 min. 550 min.
(Continued)

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 AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

Table 5.3 (Continued)

Approved Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs (see 5.3)
G Steel Specification Requirements
R
O Minimum Yield Point/Strength Tensile Range
U
P Steel Specification ksi MPa ksi MPa
ASTM A1018 HSLAS Grade 60 Class 2 60 410 70 min. 480 min.
Grade 70 Class 2 70 480 80 min. 550 min.
III ASTM A1018 HSLAS-F Grade 60 Class 2 60 410 70 min. 480 min.
(cont’ d) Grade 70 Class 2 70 480 80 min. 550 min.
ASTM A1066 Grade 60 60 415 75 min. 520 min.
Grade 65 65 450 80 min. 550 min.
ASTM A709 Grade HPS70W 70 485 85–110 585–760
IV ASTM A913 a Grade 70 70 485 90 min. 620 min.
ASTM A1066 Grade 70 70 485 85 min. 585 min.
aThe heat input limitations of 7.7 shall not apply to ASTM A913 Grades 60,65, or 70.
bSpecial welding materials and WPS (e.g., E80XX-X low-alloy electrodes) may be required to match the notch toughness of base metal (for
applications involving impact loading or low temperature), or for atmospheric corrosion and weathering characteristics (see 5.6.2).
Notes:
1. In joints involving base metals of different groups, either of the following filler metals may be used: (1) that which matches the higher strength base
metal, or (2) that which matches the lower strength base metal and produces a low-hydrogen deposit.
2. Match API standard 2B (fabricated tubes) according to steel used.
3. When welds are to be postweld heat treated, the deposited weld metal shall not exceed 0.05% vanadium.
4. See Tables 4.3 and 10.2 for allowable stress requirements for matching filler metal.
5. Filler metal strength properties have been moved to nonmandatory Annex L.
6. AWS A5M (SI Units) electrodes of the same classification may be used in lieu of the AWS A5 (U.S. Customary Units) electrode classification.
7. Any of the electrode classifications for a particular Group (located on the right of Table 5.4) may be used to weld any of the base metals in that
Group (located on the left of Table 5.3).

Table 5.4
Filler Metals for Matching Strength for Table 5.3,
Groups I, II, III, and IV Metals—SMAW and SAW (see 5.6)
SMAW SAW
Base Metal AWS Electrode A5.1, A5.5 a, A5.17, A5.23 c,
Group Specification Carbon Steel Low-Alloy Steel Carbon Steel Low-Alloy Steel
F6XX-EXXX
AWS Electrode E60XX F6XX-ECXXX F7XX-EXXX-XX
I E70XX-X
Classification E70XX F7XX-EXXX F7XX-ECXXX-XX
F7XX-ECXXX
E7015
E7015-X
AWS Electrode E7016 F7XX-EXXX F7XX-EXXX-XX
II E7016-X
Classification E7018 F7XX-ECXXX F7XX-ECXXX-XX
E7018-X
E7028
E8015-X
AWS Electrode F8XX-EXXX-XX
III N/A E8016-X N/A
Classification F8XX-ECXXX-XX
E8018-X
E9015-X
AWS Electrode E9016-X F9XX-EXXX-XX
IV N/A N/A
Classification E9018-X F9XX-ECXXX-XX
E9018M
(Continued)

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Provided by IHS Markit under license with AWS

Table 5.4 (Continued)

CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

Filler Metals for Matching Strength for Table 5.3, Group I Metals—FCAW and GMAW Metal Cored (see 5.6)
WELDING PROCESS(ES)

Carbon Steel Carbon & Low-Alloy Steel

GMAW FCAW GMAW and FCAW GMAW and FCAW

B ase AWS A5. 28 a, A5. 29 a, A5. 3 6 c

Metal Electrode A5. 1 8, Low-Alloy A5. 20, Low-Alloy A5. 3 6, Open Classification d
Group Specification Carbon Steel Steel Carbon Steel Steel Fixed Classification b See Note 8 for Annex M

AWS ER70S-X ER70S-XXX E7XT-X E6XTX-X FCAW Carbon Steel FCAW Carbon Steel
Electrode E70C-XC E70C-XXX E7XT-XC E7XTX-X E7XT-1 C E7XTX-XAX-CS1
Classification E70C-XM E7XT-XM E6XTX-XC E7XT-1 M E7XTX-XAX-CS2
(Electrodes (Electrodes with the E6XTX-XM E7XT-5C E7XTX-XAX-CS3
with the –GS –2C, –2M, –3 , –1 0, E7XTX-XC E7XT-5M
suffix shall be –1 3 , –1 4, and –GS E7XTX-XM E7XT-9C
excluded) suffix shall be E7XT-9M
excluded and E7XT-1 2C
electrodes with the E7XT-1 2M
–1 1 suffix shall be E70T-4
excluded for E7XT-6
thicknesses greater E7XT-7
74

than 1 /2 in [1 2 mm] ) E7XT-8

(Flux Cored Electrodes with the T1 S, (Flux Cored Electrodes with the T1 S,
T3 S, T1 0S, T1 4S, and –GS suffix shall T3 S, T1 0S, T1 4S, and –GS suffix shall
be excluded and electrodes with the be excluded and electrodes with the
I
T1 1 suffix shall be excluded for T1 1 suffix shall be excluded for
thicknesses greater than 1 /2 in thicknesses greater than 1 /2 in
[1 2 mm] ) [1 2 mm] )
FCAW Low-Alloy Steel
E6XTX-XAX-XXX
E7XTX-XAX-XXX

GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel

E70C-6M E7XTX-XAX-CS1
E7XTX-XAX-CS2
(Electrodes with the –GS suffix shall be (Electrodes with the –GS suffix shall be
excluded) excluded)

AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

(NOTE: A5. 3 6 does not have fixed GMAW-Metal Cored Low-Alloy
classifications for other carbon steel Steel
metal cored electrodes or for low-alloy E7XTX-XAX-XXX
steel flux cored or metal cored
electrodes)

(Continued)
Provided by IHS Markit under license with AWS

Table 5.4 (Continued)

AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

Filler Metals for Matching Strength for Table 5.3, Group II Metals—FCAW and GMAW Metal Cored (see 5.6)
WELDING PROCESS(ES)

Carbon & Low-Alloy Steel GMAW

GMAW FCAW Carbon Steel GMAW and FCAW and FCAW
a a
B ase AWS A5. 28 , A5. 29 , A5. 3 6 c
Metal Electrode A5. 1 8, Low-Alloy A5. 20, Low-Alloy A5. 3 6, Open Classification d
Group Specification Carbon Steel Steel Carbon Steel Steel Fixed Classification b See Note 8 for Annex M

AWS ER70S-X ER70S-XXX E7XT-X E7XTX-X FCAW Carbon Steel FCAW Carbon Steel
Electrode E70C-XC E70C-XXX E7XT-XC E7XTX-XC E7XT-1 C E7XTX-XAX-CS1
Classification E70C-XM E7XT-XM E7XTX-XM E7XT-1 M E7XTX-XAX-CS2
(Electrodes (Electrodes with the E7XT-5C E7XTX-XAX-CS3
with the –GS –2C, –2M, –3 , –1 0, E7XT-5M
suffix shall be –1 3 , –1 4, and –GS E7XT-9C
excluded) suffix shall be E7XT-9M
excluded and E7XT-1 2C
electrodes with the E7XT-1 2M
–1 1 suffix shall be E70T-4
excluded for E7XT-6
thicknesses greater E7XT-7
75

than 1 /2 in [1 2 mm] ) E7XT-8

(Flux Cored Electrodes with the T1 S, (Flux Cored Electrodes with the T1 S,
T3 S, T1 0S, T1 4S, and –GS suffix shall T3 S, T1 0S, T1 4S, and –GS suffix shall
be excluded and electrodes with the be excluded and electrodes with the
II
T1 1 suffix shall be excluded for T1 1 suffix shall be excluded for
thicknesses greater than 1 /2 in thicknesses greater than 1 /2 in
[1 2 mm] ) [1 2 mm] )
FCAW Low-Alloy Steel

CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

E7XTX-AX-XXX
E7XTX-XAX-XXX

GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel

E70C-6M E7XTX-XAX-CS1
E7XTX-XAX-CS2
(Electrodes with the –GS suffix shall be (Electrodes with the –GS suffix shall be
excluded) excluded)
(NOTE: A5. 3 6 does not have fixed GMAW-Metal Cored Low-Alloy
classifications for other carbon steel Steel
metal cored electrodes or for low-alloy E7XTX-XAX-XXX
steel flux cored or metal cored
electrodes)

(Continued)
Provided by IHS Markit under license with AWS

Table 5.4 (Continued)

CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

Filler Metals for Matching Strength for Table 5.3, Group III and Group IV Metals—FCAW and GMAW Metal Cored (see 5.6)
WELDING PROCESS(ES)

Carbon Steel Carbon & Low-Alloy Steel

GMAW FCAW GMAW and FCAW GMAW and FCAW
AWS A5.28 a, A5.29 a, A5.36 c
Base Metal Electrode A5.18, Low-Alloy A5.20, Low-Alloy A5.36, Open Classificationd
Group Specification Carbon Steel Steel Carbon Steel Steel Fixed Classificationb See Note 8 for Annex M
AWS N/A ER80S-XXX N/A E8XTX-X FCAW Carbon Steel FCAW Carbon Steel
Electrode E80C-XXX E8XTX-XC N/A N/A
Classification E8XTX-XM FCAW Low-Alloy Steel
E8XTX-AX-XXX
III E8XTX-XAX-XXX
GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel
N/A N/A
GMAW-Metal Cored Low-Alloy Steel
E8XTX-XAX-XXX
AWS N/A ER90S-XXX N/A E9XTX-X FCAW Carbon Steel FCAW Carbon Steel
Electrode E90C-XXX E9XTX-XC N/A N/A
Classification E8XTX-XM
76

FCAW Low-Alloy Steel

E9XTX-AX-XXX
IV E9XTX-XAX-XXX
GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel GMAW-Metal Cored Carbon Steel
N/A N/A
GMAW-Metal Cored Low-Alloy Steel
E9XTX-XAX-XXX
a Filler metals of alloy group B3, B3L, B4, B4L, B5, B5L, B6, B6L, B7, B7L, B8, B8L, B9, E9015-C5L, E9015-D1, E9018-D1, E9018-D3, or any BXH grade in AWS A5.5, A5.23, A5.28, or A5.29 are not
prequalified for use in the as-welded condition.
b The prequalified argon based shielding gases for carbon and low-alloy steel FCAW and carbon steel GMAW-Metal Core fixed classifications shall be M21-ArC-20-25(SG-AC-20/25), see 5.6.3(2).
c Filler metals of alloy group B3, B3L, B4, B4L, B5, B5L, B6, B6L, B7, B7L, B8, B8L, and B9 in AWS A5.36/A5.36M may be “PREQUALIFIED” if classified in the “AS-WELDED” condition.
d The prequalified shielding gas for open classification shall be limited to the specific shielding gas for the classification of the electrode and not the range of the shielding gas designator, see 5.6.3(3).

Notes:
1. In joints involving base metals of different groups, either of the following filler metals may be used: (1) that which matches the higher strength base metal, or (2) that which matches the lower strength
base metal and produces a low-hydrogen deposit. Preheating shall be in conformance with the requirements applicable to the higher strength group.
2. Match API standard 2B (fabricated tubes) according to steel used.

AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

3. When welds are to be stress-relieved, the deposited weld metal shall not exceed 0.05% vanadium except alloy group B9.
4. See Tables 4.3 and 4.6 for allowable stress requirements for matching filler metal.
5. Filler metal properties have been moved to nonmandatory Annex L.
6. AWS A5M (SI Units) electrodes of the same classification may be used in lieu of the AWS A5 (U.S. Customary Units) electrode classification.
7. Any of the electrode classifications for a particular Group in Table 5.4 may be used to weld any of the base metals in that Group in Table 5.3.
8. AWS A5.36/A5.36M open classifications are listed in Annex U.
 AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs

Table 5.5
Minimum Prequalified PJP Groove Weld Size (S) (see 5.4.2.3(1 ))
Base Metal Thickness (T) a Minimum Weld Sizeb
in [mm] in mm
1/8 [3] to 3/16 [5] incl. 1/16 2
Over 3/16 [5] to 1/4 [6] incl. 1/8 3
Over 1/4 [6] to 1/2 [12] incl. 3/16 5
Over 1/2 [12] to 3/4 [20] incl. 1/4 6
Over 3/4 [20] to 1-1/2 [38] incl. 5/16 8
Over 1-1/2 [38] to 2-1/4 [57] incl. 3/8 10
Over 2-1/4 [57] to 6 [150] incl. 1/2 12
Over 6 [150] 5/8 16
a For nonlow-hydrogen processes without preheat calculated in conformance with 6.8.4, T equals the thickness of the thicker part joined; single pass
welds shall be used. For low-hydrogen processes and nonlow-hydrogen processes established to prevent cracking in conformance with 6.8.4, T equals
thickness of the thinner part; single pass requirement does not apply.
b Except that the weld size need not exceed the thickness of the thinner part joined.

Table 5.6 (see 5.6.2)

Filler Metal Requirements for Exposed Bare Applications of Weathering Steels
Process AWS Filler Metal Specification Approved Electrodes a
All electrodes that deposit weld metal meeting a B2L, C1, C1L, C2,
SMAW A5.5/A5.5M
C2L, C3, or WX analysis per A5.5/A5.5M.
All electrode-flux combinations that deposit weld metal with a Ni1, Ni2,
SAW A5.23/A5.23M
Ni3, Ni4, or WX analysis per A5.23/A5.23M.
All electrodes that deposit weld metal with a B2L, K2, Ni1, Ni2, Ni3,
FCAW A5.29/A5.29M and A5.36/A5.36M
Ni4, or WX analysis per A5.29/A5.29M or A5.36/A5.36M.
All electrodes that meet filler metal composition requirements of B2L,
GMAW A5.28/A5.28M and A5.36/A5.36M
Ga, Ni1, Ni2, Ni3, analysis per A5.28/A5.28M or A5.36/A5.36M.
a Deposited weld metal shall have a chemical composition the same as that for any one of the weld metals in this table.
Notes:
1. Filler metals shall meet requirements of Table 5.4 in addition to the compositional requirements listed above. The use of the same type of filler metal
having next higher tensile strength as listed in AWS filler metal specification may be used.
2. Metal cored electrodes are designated as follows:
SAW: Insert letter “C” between the letters “E” and “X,” e.g., E7AX-ECXXX-Ni1.
GMAW: Replace the letter “S” with the letter “C,” and omit the letter “R,” e.g., E80C-Ni1. AWS A5.36/A5.36M composite electrode designation is
either a T15 or T16, e.g., E8XT15-XXX-Ni1, E8XT16-XXX-Ni1.

Table 5.7
Prequalified WPS Shielding Gas Options for GMAW Electrodes
Conforming to AWS A5.1 8/A5.1 8M (see 5.6.3)
Electrode Shielding Gas Composition
Ar/CO 2 combinations Ar 75–90%/CO 2 10–25%
ER70S-X (except ER70S-G) and E70C-X
Ar/O2 combinations Ar 95–98%/O 2 2–5%
metal cored electrodes
100% CO2 100% CO 2

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Tabl e 5. 8

Preq u al i fi ed M i n i m u m Preh eat an d I n terpass Tem peratu re (see 5. 7)

C Minimum
A Thickness of Preheat
T Thickest Part at and Interpass
E
G Point of Welding Temperature
O
R
Y Steel Specification Welding Process in mm °F °C
ASTM A36
ASTM A53 Grade B
ASTM A106 Grade B
ASTM A131 Grades A, B, D, E
ASTM A139 Grade B
ASTM A381 Grade Y35
ASTM A500 Grades A, B, C 1/8 to 3/4 3 to 20 32a 0a
ASTM A501 Grade A incl. incl.
ASTM A516 Grades 55, 60 Over 3/4 Over 20 150 65
ASTM A524 Grades I, II SMAW thru 1-1/2 thru 38
ASTM A573 Grades 58, 65 with other than incl. incl.
A
ASTM A709 Grade 36 low-hydrogen
ASTM A1008 SS Grade 30 electrodes Over 1-1/2 Over 38 225 110
Grade 33 Type 1 thru 2-1/2 thru 65
Grade 40 Type 1 incl. incl.
ASTM A1011 SS Grades 30, 33 Over 2-1/2 Over 65 300 150
Grade 36 Type 1
Grade 40
Grade 45 Type 1
ASTM A1018 SS Grades 30, 33, 36, 40
API 5L Grades B, X42
ABS Grades A, B, D, E
ASTM A36
ASTM A53 Grade B
ASTM A106 Grade B
ASTM A131 Grades A, B, D, E
AH 32, 36
DH 32, 36
EH 32, 36
ASTM A139 Grade B 1/8 to 3/4 3 to 20 32a 0a
ASTM A381 Grade Y35 incl. incl.
ASTM A500 Grades A, B, C
ASTM A501 Grades A, B Over 3/4 Over 20 50 10
ASTM A516 Grades 55, 60, 65, 70 SMAW thru 1-1/2 thru 38
with low-hydrogen incl. incl.
B ASTM A524 Grades I, II
electrodes, SAW,
ASTM A529 Grades 50, 55 Over 1-1/2 Over 38 150 65
GMAW, FCAW
ASTM A537 Classes 1, 2 thru 2-1/2 thru 65
ASTM A572 Grades 42, 50, 55 incl. incl.
ASTM A573 Grades 58, 65
ASTM A588 Over 2-1/2 Over 65 225 110
ASTM A595 Grades A, B, C
ASTM A606
ASTM A618 Grades Ib, II, III
ASTM A633 Grades A, C, D
ASTM A709 Grades 36, 50,
50S, 50W,
HPS50W
(Continued)

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Tabl e 5. 8 (Co n ti n u ed )

Preq u al i fi ed M i n i m u m Preh eat an d I n terpass Tem peratu re (see 5 . 7)

C Minimum
A Thickness of Preheat
T Thickest Part at and Interpass
E
G Point of Welding Temperature
O
R
Y Steel Specification Welding Process in mm °F °C
ASTM A710 Grade A, Class 2
>2 in [50 mm]
ASTM A847
ASTM A913 Grade 50
ASTM A992
ASTM A1008 HSLAS Grade 45 Class 1
Grade 45 Class 2
Grade 50 Class 1
Grade 50 Class 2
Grade 55 Class 1
Grade 55 Class 2
ASTM A1008 HSLAS-F Grade 50
ASTM A1011 SS Grades 50, 55
ASTM A1011 HSLAS Grade 45 Class 1
Grade 45 Class 2
Grade 50 Class 1 1/8 to 3/4 3 to 20 50 10
Grade 50 Class 2 incl. incl.
Grade 55 Class 1 Over 3/4 Over 20 50 10
Grade 55 Class 2 SMAW thru 1-1/2 thru 38
B ASTM A1011 HSLAS-F Grade 50 with low-hydrogen incl. incl.
(cont’d) ASTM A1018 HSLAS Grade 45 Class 1 electrodes, SAW,
GMAW, FCAW Over 1-1/2 Over 38 225 110
Grade 45 Class 2
thru 2-1/2 thru 65
Grade 50 Class 1
incl. incl.
Grade 50 Class 2
Grade 55 Class 1 Over 2-1/2 Over 65 300 150
Grade 55 Class 2
ASTM A1018 HSLAS-F Grade 50
ASTM A1018 SS Grades 30, 33, 36, 40
ASTM A1066 Grade 50
ASTM A1085
API 5L Grades B, X42
API Spec. 2H Grades 42, 50
API 2MT1 Grade 50
API 2W Grades 42, 50, 50T
API 2Y Grades 42, 50, 50T
ABS Grades A, B, D, E
AH 32, 36
DH 32, 36
EH 32, 36
(Continued)

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Tabl e 5. 8 (Con ti n u ed )

Preq u al i fi ed M i n i m u m Preh eat an d I n terpass Tem peratu re (see 5 . 7)

C Minimum
A Thickness of Preheat and
T Thickest Part at Interpass
E
G Point of Welding Temperature
O
R
Y Steel Specification Welding Process in mm °F °C
ASTM A572 Grades 60, 65
ASTM A633 Grade E
ASTM A709 b Grade HPS70W
ASTM A710 Grade A, Class 2 1/8 to 3/4 3 to 20 50 10
≤ 2 in [5 0 mm] incl. incl
ASTM A710 Grade A, Class 3
Over 3/4 Over 20
> 2 in [50 mm] SMAW 150 65
thru 1-1/2 thru 38
ASTM A913 Grades 60, 65, 70 with low-hydrogen incl. incl.
C ASTM A1018 HSLAS Grade 60 Class 2 electrodes, SAW,
Grade 70 Class 2 GMAW, FCAW Over 1-1/2 Over 38 225 110
Grade 60 Class 2 thru 2-1/2 thru 65
ASTM A1018 HSLAS-F incl. incl.
Grade 70 Class 2
ASTM A1066 Grades 60, 65, 70 Over 2-1/2 Over 65 300 150
API 2W Grade 60
API 2Y Grade 60
API 5L Grade X52
ASTM A710 Grade A (All classes) SMAW, SAW,
ASTM A913 Grades 50, 60, 65 GMAW, and FCAW
with electrodes or
electrode-flux
combinations capable
All
of depositing weld All
D thicknesses
metal with a thicknesses 32a 0a
Over
maximum diffusible Over 1/8 in
[3 mm]
hydrogen content of
8 ml/100 g (H8), when
tested according to
AWS A4.3.
ASTM A1066 Grades 50, 60, 65 SMAW, SAW,
GMAW, and FCAW
with electrodes or
electrode-flux
combinations capable
of depositing weld 1/8 to 1 incl. 3 to 25 incl. 50 10
E
metal with a Over 1 Over 25 120 50
maximum diffusible
hydrogen content of
8 ml/100 g (H8),
when tested according
to AWS A4.3.
a When the base metal temperature is below 32°F [0°C], the base metal shall be preheated to a minimum of 70°F [20°C] and the minimum interpass
temperature shall be maintained during welding.
b For ASTM A709 Grade HPS70W, the maximum preheat and interpass temperatures shall not exceed 400°F [200°C] for thicknesses up to 1-1/2 in

[40 mm], inclusive, and 450°F [230°C] for greater thicknesses.

Notes:
1. For modification of preheat requirements for SAW with parallel or multiple electrodes, see 5.7.3.
2. See 7.11 and 7.6 for ambient and base-metal temperature requirements.
3. ASTM A570 and ASTM A607 have been deleted.
4. When welding base metals from different Categories see 5.7.2.

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Legend for Figures 5.1 and 5.2

Symbols for joint types Welding processes
B — butt joint SMAW — shielded metal arc welding
C — corner joint GMAW — gas metal arc welding
T — T-joint FCAW — flux cored metal arc welding
BC — butt or corner joint SAW — submerged arc welding
TC — T- or corner joint
BTC — butt, T-, or corner joint
Symbols for base metal thickness and penetration Welding positions
P — PJP F — flat
L — limited thickness–CJP H — horizontal
U — unlimited thickness–CJP V — vertical
OH — overhead
Symbol for weld types Dimensions
1 — square-groove R = Root Opening
2 — single-V-groove α, β = Groove Angles
3 — double-V-groove f = Root Face
4 — single-bevel-groove r = J- or U-groove Radius
5 — double-bevel-groove D, D 1 , D 2 = PJP Groove Weld
6 — single-U-groove Depth of Groove
7 — double-U-groove S, S1 S 2 = PJP Groove Weld
8 — single-J-groove Sizes corresponding to S, S 1 , S 2, respectively
9 — double-J-groove
1 0 — flare-bevel-groove
1 1 — flare-V-groove
Symbols for welding processes if not SMAW Joint Designation
S — SAW The lower case letters, e.g., a, b, c, are used to differentiate between
G — GMAW joints that would otherwise have the same joint designation.
F — FCAW

a Not prequalified for GMAW-S or GTAW.

Notes for Figures 5.1 and 5.2
b Joint shall be welded from one side only.
c Cyclic load application places restrictions on the use of this detail for butt joints in the flat position (see 4.1 8.2).
d Backgouge root to sound metal before welding second side.
e SMAW detailed joints may be used for prequalified GMAW (except GMAW-S) and FCAW.
f Minimum weld size (S) as shown in Table 5.5. Depth of groove (D) as specified on drawings.
g If fillet welds are used in statically loaded structures to reinforce groove welds in corner and T-joints, these shall be
equal to T1 /4, but need
not exceed 3/8 in [1 0 mm].
h Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, but the depth of the shallower groove shall be no less than one-fourth of the
thickness of the thinner part joined.
i Double-groove welds may have grooves of unequal depth, provided these conform to the limitations of Note f. Also, the weld size
(S) applies individually to each groove.
j The orientation of the two members in the joints may vary from 1 35° to 1 80° for butt joints, or 45° to 1 35° for corner joints, or 45° to 90°
for T-joints.
k For corner joints, the outside groove preparation may be in either or both members, provided the basic groove configuration is not
changed and adequate edge distance is maintained to support the welding operations without excessive edge melting.
l Weld size (S) shall be based on joints welded flush.
m For flare-V-groove welds and flare-bevel-groove welds to rectangular tubular sections, r shall be as two times the wall thickness.
n For flare-V-groove welds to surfaces with different radii r, the smaller r shall be used.
o For corner and T-joints the member orientation may vary from 90° to less than or equal to 1 70° provided the groove angle and root open-
ing are maintained, and the angle between the groove faces and the steel backing is at least 90°. See Figure 5.5.

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Square-groove weld (1 )
Butt joint (B)
Corner joint (C)

Base Metal Thickness Groove Preparation

(U = unlimited) Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
B-L1 a 1 /4 max. — R = T1 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6 All — e, j
SMAW
C-L1 a 1 /4 max. U R = T1 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6 All — e, j
FCAW B-L1 a-GF 3/8 max. — R = T1 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6 All Not a, j
GMAW required

Square-groove weld (1 )
Butt joint (B)

Base Metal Thickness Groove Preparation

(U = unlimited) Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
SMAW B-L1 b 1 /4 max. — T1 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All — d, e, j
R = ––
2
GMAW B-L1 b-GF 3/8 max. — R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All Not a, d, j
FCAW required
SAW B-L1 -S 3/8 max. — R=0 ±0 +1 /1 6, –0 F — j
SAW B-L1 a-S 5/8 max. — R=0 ±0 +1 /1 6 –0 F — d, j

Figure 5.1—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1) (Dimensions in Inches)

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Square-groove weld (1 )
T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Base Metal Thickness Groove Preparation

(U = unlimited) Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
SMAW TC-L1 b 1 /4 max. U T1 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All — d, e, g
R = ––
2
GMAW TC-L1 -GF 3/8 max. U R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All Not a, d, g
FCAW required
SAW TC-L1 -S 3/8 max. U R=0 ±0 +1 /1 6, –0 F — d, g

Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1 /4 α = 45° All — e, j
SMAW B-U2a U — R = 3/8 α = 30° F, V, OH — e, j
R = 1 /2 α = 20° F, V, OH — e, j
R = 3/1 6 α = 30° F, V, OH Required a, j
GMAW B-U2a-GF U — R = 3/8 α = 30° F, V, OH Not req. a, j
FCAW
R = 1 /4 α = 45° F, V, OH Not req. a, j
SAW B-L2a-S 2 max. — R = 1 /4 α = 30° F — j
SAW B-U2-S U — R = 5/8 α = 20° F — j

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

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Single-V-groove weld (2) Tolerances

Corner joint (C) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6
α = +1 0° –0° +1 0°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Positions FCAW Notes
R = 1 /4 α = 45° All — e, o
SMAW C-U2a U U R = 3/8 α = 30° F, V, OH — e, o
R = 1 /2 α = 20° F, V, OH — e, o
R = 3/1 6 α = 30° F, V, OH Required a
GMAW C-U2a-GF U U R = 3/8 α = 30° F, V, OH Not req. a, o
FCAW
R = 1 /4 α = 45° F, V, OH Not req. a, o
SAW C-L2a-S 2 max. U R = 1 /4 α = 30° F — o
SAW C-U2-S U U R = 5/8 α = 20° F — o
Single-V-groove weld (2)
Butt joint (B)

Base Metal Thickness

(U – unlimited) Groove Preparation
Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
SMAW B-U2 U — f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited All — d, e, j
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
GMAW R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 Not
FCAW B-U2-GF U — f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited All required a, d, j
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
R=0
Over 1 /2 to 1 — f = 1 /4 max.
α = 60°
R=0 R = ±0 +1 /1 6, –0
SAW Over 1 to 1 -1 /2 — f = 1 /2 max. f = +0, –f ±1 /1 6 F — d, j
B-L2c-S α = +1 0°,
α = 60° +1 0°, –5°
–0°
R=0
Over 1 -1 /2 to 2 — f – 5/8 max.
α = 60°

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)
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Single-V-groove weld (2)

Corner joint (C)

Base Metal Thickness Groove Preparation

(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
SMAW C-U2 U U f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited All — d, e, g, j
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
GMAW R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 Not
FCAW C-U2-GF U U f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited All required a, d, g, j
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
R = 0 to 1 /8 ±0 +1 /1 6, –0
SAW C-U2b-S U U f = 1 /4 max. +0, –1 /4 ±1 /1 6 F — d, g, j
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°

Double-V-groove weld (3) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = ±0 +1 /4, –0
f = ±0 +1 /1 6, –0
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
SAW ±0 +1 /1 6, –0
Spacer
SMAW ±0 +1 /8, –0

Base Metal Thickness

(U – unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Root Groove Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Face Angle Positions FCAW Notes
R = 1 /4 f = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° All —
SMAW B-U3a U — R = 3/8 f = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° F, V, OH — d, e, h, j
Spacer = 1 /8 × R
R = 1 /2 f = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° F, V, OH —
SAW B-U3a-S U — R = 5/8 f = 0 to 1 /4 α = 20° F — d, h, j
Spacer = 1 /4 × R

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

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Double-V-groove weld (3) For B-U3c-S only

Butt joint (B) T1 D1
Over to
1 -3/8
2 2-1 /2
2-1 /2 3 1 -3/4
D1
3 3-5/8 2-1 /8
3-5/8 4 2-3/8
4 4-3/4 2-3/4
4-3/4 5-1 /2 3-1 /4
D2 5-1 /2 6-1 /4 3-3/4
For T1 > 6-1 /4 or T1 ≤ 2
D 1 = 2/3 (T1 – 1 /4)

Base Metal Thickness

(U – unlimited) Groove Preparation
Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
SMAW B-U3b R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All — d, e, h, j
GMAW B-U3-GF U — f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited
FCAW α = β = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5° All Not required a, d, h, j
R=0 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –0
f = 1 /4 min. +1 /4, –0 +1 /4, –0
SAW B-U3c-S U — α = β 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5° F — d, h, j
To find D 1 see table above: D 2 = T1 – (D 1 + f)

Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°

Bass Metal Thickness (U Allowed Gas

Welding Joint – unlimited) Groove Preparation Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1 /4 α = 45° All — c, e, j
SMAW B-U4a U —
R = 3/8 α = 30° All — c, e, j
R = 3/1 6 α = 30° All Required a, c, j
GMAW B-U4a-GF U — R = 1 /4 α = 45° All Not req. a, c, j
FCAW
R = 3/8 α = 30° F, H Not req. a, c, j
R = 3/8 α = 30°
SAW B-U4a-S U — F — c, j
R = 1 /4 α = 45°

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

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Single-bevel-groove weld (4) Tolerances

T-joint (T) As Detailed As Fit-Up
Corner joint (C) (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /4, –1 /1 6
α = +1 0° –0° +1 0°, –5°

Base Metal Thickness Allowed Gas

Welding Joint (U – unlimited) Groove Preparation Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Root Opening Groove Angle Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 1 /4 α = 45° All — e, g, k, o
SMAW TC-U4a U U
R = 3/8 α = 30° F, V, OH — e, g, k, o
R = 3/1 6 α = 30° All Required a, g, k, o
GMAW TC-U4a-GF U U R = 3/8 α = 30° F Not req. a, g, k, o
FCAW
R = 1 /4 α = 45° All Not req. a, g, k, o
R = 3/8 α = 30°
SAW TC-U4a-S U U F — g, k, o
R = 1 /4 α = 45°

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

Butt joint (B)

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
SMAW B-U4b U — R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All — c, d, e, j
GMAW f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited Not
FCAW B-U4b-GF U — α = 45° +1 0°, –0° 1 0°, –5° All required a, c, d, j
R=0 ±0 +1 /4, –0
SAW B-U4b-S U — f = 1 /4 max. +0, –1 /8 ±1 /1 6 F — c, d, j
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° 1 0°, –5°

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

87
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See Notes on Page 81

Single-bevel-groove weld (4)

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

ALL DIMENSIONS IN mm
Base Metal Thickness
(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions FCAW Notes
SMAW TC-U4b U U R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All — d, e, g, j, k
GMAW TC-U4b-GF f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited
FCAW U U α = 45° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5° All Not required a, d, g, j, k
R=0 ±0 +1 /4, –0
SAW TC-U4b-S U U f = 1 /4 max. +0, –1 /8 ±1 /1 6 F — d, g, j, k
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°

Double-bevel-groove weld (5) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
T-joint (T) (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
Corner joint (C)
R = ±0 +1 /4, –0
f = +1 /1 6, –0 ±1 /1 6
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
Spacer +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /8, –0

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Root Face Angle Positions FCAW Notes
B-U5b U — R = 1 /4 f = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° All — c, d, e, h, j
Spacer = 1 /8 × R
SMAW R = 1 /4 f = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° All — d, e, g, h, j, k
TC-U5a U U
Spacer = 1 /4 × R R = 3/8 f = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° F, OH — d, e, g, h, j, k

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

88
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See Notes on Page 81

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

Butt joint (B)

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
SMAW B-U5a U — f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited All — c, d, e, h, j
α = 45° α+β= α+β=
β = 0° to 1 5° +1 0°, –0° +1 0° , –5°
R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
GMAW B-U5-GF U — f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited All Not a, c, d, h, j
FCAW α = 45° α+β= α+β= required
β = 0° to 1 5° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°

Double-bevel-groove weld (5)

T-joint (T)
Corner joint (C)

Base Metal Thickness Groove Preparation

(U = unlimited) Root Opening Tolerances Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Face As Detailed As Fit-Up Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Groove Angle (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8) Positions for FCAW Notes
SMAW TC-U5b U U R = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8 All — d, e, g, h, j, k
GMAW TC-U5-GF f = 0 to 1 /8 +1 /1 6, –0 Not limited Not
FCAW U U α = 45° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5° All required a, d, g, h, j, k
R=0 ±0 +1 /1 6, –0
SAW TC-U5-S U U f = 1 /4 max. +0, –3/1 6 ±1 /1 6 F — d, g, h, j, k
α = 60° +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

89
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See Notes on Page 81

Single-U-groove weld (6) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
Corner joint (C) (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = ±1 /1 6 Not Limited
r = +1 /8, –0 +1 /8, –0

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Bevel Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 All — d, e, j
B-U6 U —
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 F, OH — d, e, j
SMAW
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 All — d, e, g, j
C-U6 U U
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 F, OH — d, e, g, j
GMAW B-U6-GF U — R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 All Not req. a, d, j
FCAW C-U6-GF U U R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 All Not req. a, d, g, j

Double-U-groove weld (7) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
For B-U7 and B-U7-GF
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +1 /1 6, –0 Not Limited
r = +1 /4, –0 ±1 /1 6
For B-U7-S
R = +0 +1 /1 6, –0
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +0, –1 /4 ±1 /1 6
r = +1 /4, –0 ±1 /1 6

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Bevel Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 All — d, e, h,j
SMAW B-U7 U —
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 F, OH — d, e, h, j
GMAW B-U7-GF U — R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 20° f = 1 /8 r = 1 /4 All Not required a, d, j, h
FCAW
SAW B-U7-S U — R=0 α = 20° f = 1 /4 r = 1 /4 F — d, h, j
max.

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

90
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See Notes on Page 81

Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) As Detailed As Fit-Up
(see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
B-U8 and B-U8-GF
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +1 /8, –0 Not Limited
r = +1 /4, –0 ±1 /1 6
B-U8-S
R = ±0 +1 /4, –0
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +0, –1 /8 ±1 /1 6
r = +1 /4, –0 ±1 /1 6

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation
Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Bevel Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions FCAW Notes
SMAW B-U8 U — R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All — c, d, e, j
GMAW B-U8-GF U — R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All Not req. a, c, d, j
FCAW
SAW B-U8-S U — R=0 α = 45° f = 1 /4 r = 3/8 F — c, d, j
max.

Single-J-groove weld (8) Tolerances

T-joint (T) As Detailed As Fit-Up
Corner joint (C) (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
TC-U8a and TC-U8a-GF
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +1 /1 6, –0 Not Limited
r = +1 /4, –0 ±1 /1 6
TC-U8a-S
R = ±0 +1 /4, –0
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +0, –1 /8 ±1 /1 6
r = +1 /4, –0 +1 /1 6

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Bevel Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All — d, e, g, j, k
SMAW TC-U8a U U
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 F, OH — d, e, g, j, k
GMAW TC-U8a-GF U U R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All Not required a, d, g, j, k
FCAW
SAW TC-U8a-S U U R=0 α = 45°
f = 1 /4 r = 3/8 F — d, g, j, k
max.

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

91

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 CLAUSE 5. PREQUALIFICATION OF WPSs AWS D1 .1 /D1 .1 M:2020

See Notes on Page 81

Double-J-groove weld (9) Tolerances

Butt joint (B) D1 As Detailed As Fit-Up
D2 (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +1 /1 6, –0 Not Limited
r = 1 /8, –0 ±1 /1 6

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Bevel Welding Shielding for
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions FCAW Notes
SMAW B-U9 U — R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All — c, d, e, h, j
GMAW B-U9-GF U — R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All Not required a, c, d, h, j
FCAW

Double-J-gnoove weld (9) Tolerances

T-joint (T) As Detailed As Fit-Up
Corner joint (C) (see 5.4.1 .1 ) (see 5.4.1 .8)
R = +1 /1 6, –0 +1 /1 6, –1 /8
α = +1 0°, –0° +1 0°, –5°
f = +1 /1 6, –0 Not Limited
r = 1 /8, –0 ±1 /1 6

Base Metal Thickness

(U = unlimited) Groove Preparation Allowed Gas
Welding Joint Root Groove Root Bevel Welding Shielding
Process Designation T1 T2 Opening Angle Face Radius Positions for FCAW Notes
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 45° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All — d, e, g, h, j, k
SMAW TC-U9a U U
R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 F, OH — d, e, g, h, k
GMAW TC-U9a-GF U U R = 0 to 1 /8 α = 30° f = 1 /8 r = 3/8 All Not required a, d, g, h, j, k
FCAW

Figure 5.1 (Continued)—Prequalified CJP Groove Welded Joint Details (See 5.4.1)
(Dimensions in Inches)

92
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