Financial Engineering Field Overview
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsFinancial Engineering Field Overview
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsField of Action - Financial Engineering
The Financial Engineer is a professional with high practical training in the area
of finance, with a critical spirit, professional ethics and awareness of the national
reality, capable of promoting and leading business development.
The Field of Action of a Financial Engineer is:
• Banks, Cooperatives, Mutuals, Private Financial Funds
• Non-Governmental Organizations, Stock Market
• Titling Companies, Risk Rating Companies, Warrants, Stock Brokers and
Financial Leasing.
• Structure of business capital
• Professor and academic researcher in the financial area
• Expert in the design of new financial engineering for companies and
institutions
• Consultant in international finance.
COMPANY
The company is an organization related to society, it is responsible for carrying
out activities using resources (financial, material, technological and human) to
achieve its objectives, such as satisfying goals for profit or without profit; which
is built through conversations between people who make up the company.
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPANIES
Companies can be classified into different types since it depends on the aspect
to which we are referring. Below are the types of companies according to their
areas and production:
ACCORDING TO THE ACTIVITY OR LINE
Companies can be classified, according to the activity they carry out, into:
4- Companies in the primary sector.- that obtain resources from nature,
such as agricultural, fishing or livestock companies.
4- Companies in the secondary sector.- dedicated to the transformation of
goods, such as industrial and construction companies.
4- Companies in the tertiary sector.- companies that are dedicated to
offering services or commerce.
An alternative classification is:
Industrials . Its activity encompasses the production of goods through the
transformation of matter or extraction of raw materials. The industries, in turn,
are classified into:
4- Extractive : Exploitation of natural resources, whether renewable or non-
renewable. Examples: Fishing, logging, mining, oil, etc.
4- Manufacturing : They transform raw materials into finished products, and
can be:
Final consumption. They produce goods that directly satisfy consumer
needs. For example: clothing, furniture, food, electrical appliances, etc.
Of production. These satisfy those of final consumption. Example: light
machinery, chemicals, etc.
+ Commercials . They are intermediaries between producer and consumer;
Its primary function is the purchase/sale of finished products. They can
be classified into:
Wholesalers : They sell on a large scale or in broad strokes.
Retailers (detailers): They sell at retail.
Commission Agents : They sell what is not theirs, they give on
consignment.
4- Service . They are those that provide service to the community, which in
turn are classified as:
Transport
Tourism
Financial institutions
Public services (energy, water, communications)
Private services (consulting, sales, advertising, accounting,
administrative)
Education
Finance
Healthiness.
Depending on the source of capital
4- Private company: If the capital is in the hands of individual shareholders
(family business if it is the family)
4- Self-management company: If the owners are the workers, etc.
4- Public company: If the capital and control is in the hands of the State
4- Mixed company: If the capital or control is of state, private or community
origin.
According to the legal form
Taking into account the ownership of the company and the legal responsibility of
its owners. We can distinguish:
4- Individual companies: It is the simplest way to establish a business and
they are usually small or family businesses.
4- Corporate companies or companies: formed by several people.
4- Cooperatives or other social economy organizations.
According to its dimension
The main indicators are: sales volume, own capital, number of workers, profits,
etc. The most used is usually according to the number of workers. This criterion
delimits the magnitude of the companies as shown below:
4- Micro company: if it has 10 or fewer workers.
4- Small business: if it has a number between 11 and 50 workers.
4- Medium-sized company: if it has a number between 51 and 250 workers.
4- Large company: if it has more than 250 workers.
4- Multinational: if it has international sales.
According to your scope of action
Depending on the geographical area in which companies carry out their activity,
they can be distinguished
1. Local companies.
2. Regional.
3. Nationals.
4. Multinationals.
5. Transnationals.
6. World.
According to the market share that the companies have
Aspiring company: One whose strategy is aimed at expanding its share
compared to the leader and other competing companies.
Specialist company : One that responds to very specific needs, within a market
segment.
Leading company: The one that sets the standard in terms of price, innovations,
advertising, etc.
Follower company: One that does not have a quota large enough to worry the
leading company.
Characteristics of a company
Elements that compose it
• Active factors : employees, owners, unions, banks, etc.
• Passive factors : raw materials, transportation, technology, knowledge,
financial contracts , etc.
• Organization : coordination and order between all factors and areas.
Active factors
Natural and/or legal persons (among other commercial entities, cooperatives,
foundations, etc.) that constitute a company making, among others, a capital
contribution (whether purely monetary, intellectual, patents, etc.). These
"people" become shareholders of the company.
They participate, in a broad sense, in the development of the company:
• Administrators.
• Customers.
• Collaborators and colleagues.
• Financial source.
• Shareholders.
• Suppliers and suppliers.
• Workers.
Passive factors
All those that are used by the active elements and help achieve the company's
objectives. Such as the technology, the raw materials used, the financial
contracts available, etc.
Natural person and legal person
Natural person
Natural Person is a human person who exercises rights and fulfills obligations in
a personal capacity.
By establishing a company as a Natural Person, the person assumes in a
personal capacity all obligations of the company.
Which implies that the person assumes responsibility and guarantees with all
the assets they possess (the assets that are in their name), the debts or
obligations that the company may incur.
If, for example, the company goes bankrupt and is forced to pay a debt, the
person must be personally responsible for it and, if they do not pay it, their
personal assets could be seized.
Legal person
Legal Entity is a company that exercises rights and fulfills obligations on its
behalf.
When establishing a company as a Legal Entity, it is the company (and not the
owner) who assumes all its obligations.
Which implies that the debts or obligations that the company may incur are
guaranteed and are limited only to the assets that the company may have in its
name (both capital and equity).
If, for example, the company goes bankrupt and is forced to pay a debt, this will
be paid only with the assets that the company may have in its name, without
being able to force the owner or owners to be responsible for it with their assets.
personal.
Linkography:
http://empresaromero.blogspot.com/2011/01/definicion-de-empresa.html
http://definicion.de/empresa/#ixzz45AfT8AEO
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos75/caracteristicas-tipos-empresas/
caracteristicas-tipos-empresas2.shtml#ixzz45Amgeyx9
http://www.crecenegocios.com/persona-natural-y-persona-juridica/
