Network Architecture Concept
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ScribdTranslationsNetwork Architecture Concept
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ScribdTranslations1.1 ARCHITECTURE OF COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS.
1.1.1 DEFINITION OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND LAYER
ABSTRACTION
A network architecture is a set of connected devices that exchange information with
different computers that make up a series of rules or protocols, as well as the
topology, that is, how it is designed. Therefore, there are different types of networks
and they have different components (server, workstations, network connection
cards, repeaters, bridges, hubs, switches, routers, routers, firewall, cabling, software
and network operating system). .
To know the structure of networks we need to understand the two types of
topologies, these are: physical and logical.
Physics consists of the configuration of the wiring and equipment, that is, the
hardware of the devices.
Logic is defined as the data that flows through the network, in other words, the
software of the devices.
Thanks to this, different types of networks can be created, depending on the media
they use.
However, to build a communication system we must know the layer model, since by
understanding the processes carried out separately we will have better results.
7 Application Layer
Application layer
User functions. Exchange of variables. User-specific communication services
Communication services: Read/Write, Start/Stop
6 Presentation Layer
Presentation layer
Data representation. Conversion of the type of representation of the communication system
into a format appropriate to the equipment. Diagnosis.
5 Session layer
Session layer
Synchronization. Requirement for responses. Establishment, dissolution and monitoring of
a session.
Coordination of the session.
4 Transport Layer
Transport layer
Link establishment/dissolution. Formation, repetition and classification of packages.
Secured packet transmission.
3 Network Layer
Network layer
Addressing other networks and flow control. Communication routes. Communication
between two subnets. 2 Data Link Layer
Access method. Collision management.
Limitation of data blocks, Data link layer transmission
assured, error detection and elimination. CRC-Check. CSMA/CD, Token
1 Physical Layer
Physical layer
Physical transmission medium. Test for errors at the bit level.
Coaxial/triaxial cable. Optical cable. Bifilar cable. ITP
NETWORK CLASSIFICATION
BY REACH
PAN: is a computer network used for communication between devices in the network.
computer.
LAN: Local area network, it is a network that is limited to a relatively small special area
such as a room, a single building, a ship, or an airplane.
CAN: Campus Area Network, is a network that connects local area networks in a
limited geography.
MAN: High-speed network that provides coverage over a large geographic area.
WAN: are computer networks that extend over a large geographic area.
SAN: is a network created to connect servers, disk arrays and libraries
of support.
Virtual LAN or VLAN: is a group of computers with a common set of resources to
sharing and requirements, which are communicated as if they were attached to a
logical division of computer networks
Irregular network is a system of cables and buses that are connected through a modem, and
which results in the connection of one or more computers.
GUIDED MEDIA
Coaxial cable is used to transport high frequency electrical signals that have
two concentric conductors, a central one to carry the information and an outer one that
It serves as a reference to land and return.
Twisted pair cable is a form of connection in which two electrical conductors
isolated are intertwined to have less interference and increase power
Fiber optics are a transmission medium commonly used in data networks.
It is a very fine thread that sends pulses that represent the data to be transmitted.
Unguided media
Radio
Infrared
bluetooth
BY TOPOLOGY
Bus network: it is characterized by having a single communications channel (called
bus) to which the different devices are connected.
Ring network: each station is connected to the next and the last is connected to the
first.
Star network: stations are connected directly to a central point and all
Communications must necessarily be made through it.
Mesh network: each node is connected to all the others.
Tree network: The nodes are arranged in the form of a tree.
Mixed network: any combination of the above occurs.
Due to the directionality of the data
Simplex or Unidirectional: one Data Terminal Equipment transmits and another receives.
Half-Duplex or Bidirectional: only one device transmits at a time.
Full-Duplex: both can transmit and receive the same information at the same time.
By service or function
business network: provides support and information for a company or organization with
profit motive.
educational network: provides support and information for an educational organization
within the scope of learning.
data processing network: provides an interface to intercommunicate equipment that
are going to perform a joint computing function
COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS
A communication protocol is understood as the system of rules of a communication system
that enables the transmission of information between two or more entities.
Types of communication protocols
TCP/IP – Set of basic protocols for network communication. With its help there is
transmission of information between computers that belong to a network. Likewise,
several computers on a network can communicate with others other than it and that
virtual network is known as the Internet.
TCP or Transmission Control Protocol – It is oriented towards communications
and data transmission is reliable. It is responsible for the assembly of data that
comes from loads higher than standard packages.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – Allows information to be retrieved and
indexed searches to be made, which enable efficient intertextual jumps. Texts can
be transferred in multiple formats.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – Used for remote file transfers.
SSH (Secure Shell) – It was developed to improve the security of communication
on the Internet. Eliminates the sending of passwords that are not encrypted and the
information is always encrypted.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) – It is intended for connectionless
communications that do not have mechanisms to transmit datagrams.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) – Uses UDP for data transport
and uses different TCP/IP terms as administrators and agents, instead of clients and
servers.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) – For transfers, it is very simple and
hassle-free. It does not have security.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) – It is made up of several rules that will
govern the format and transfer of data when sending emails.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) – Tasks that seek the association of an IP
device, which is identified with an IP address, with a network device, which has a
physical network address, are accomplished. It is used for local Ethernet network
devices.
