Television's Evolution Unveiled
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TELEVISION HISTORY
We explain and summarize the history of television and how it evolved.
Also, what are its characteristics and its golden era.
The history of television began at the end of the 19th century and continues to
this day.
Television history
The history of television encompasses the series of scientific
discoveries, technological advances, and industrial bets that
resulted in television . It includes innovations in the design,
conception, manufacturing and distribution of televisions. It also
involved the development of television programming stations that feed
them with programming to this day.
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This technology has been incorporated into our homes throughout
the world for decades . For this reason, today no one needs to explain
what television is.
However, few know that a television operates as a terminal for
receiving information sent by cable, satellite or herzian waves ,
which provides a specific pattern of points of light that are displayed on
the screen (pixels). This generates an image and a sensation of
movement, accompanied by a synchronized sound sequence.
See also: History of the cell phone
Television background
The telephone was invented in 1854 by Antonio Meucci.
In order for the first steps in television to be taken, the following
technological discoveries first had to be achieved:
• Photography and cinema . The first successes in preserving
images and putting them in motion were achieved during the 19th
century, when photographic technique achieved its first
daguerreotypes and long exposure photographs, using techniques
that were modernized until allowing, at the end of the century, The
first moving images were captured and reproduced: a long series of
photographs that follow one another at a constant speed, giving the
impression of movement. This is how cinema was born.
• The phone . The ability to transmit the human voice encoded in
electrical impulses was the foundation for the appearance of the
telephone, invented in 1854 by Antonio Meucci but popularized by
Alexander Graham Bell after 1876.
• Radio . The transmission of electromagnetic waves through the
manipulation of electric and magnetic fields was possible at the end
of the 19th century thanks to the experiences and theories of
Maxwell, Hertz, Tesla and Marconi. This allowed the development of
a wireless telegraph, which, taking advantage of the advances made
by Bell Laboratories regarding telephony, produced the first radio
devices.
Origin of television
The history of television begins with the invention of the Nipkow disk
in 1884 : a device that consisted of a metal disk and a light source,
which served to project the light projected by objects onto selenium
sheets.
It was a first attempt to capture moving images , although it could not
be effectively put into practice. But it served for the development of the
first television systems at the beginning of the 20th century .
The first successful television experience occurred in 1925 , when
the Scotsman John Logie Baird managed to synchronize two Nipkow
records, attached to the same axis. Using one as a transmitter and
another as a receiver, it effectively transmitted the image of a
mannequin's head at 14 frames per second.
The experience was replicated before the Royal Institution of
London in 1926 . In 1927 Baird managed to transmit the same image
over 438 miles, using a telephone cable. In 1928 he did it again, this
time from London to New York, through the Hertzian waves.
This technology was used in the first television broadcasts . The
name had already begun to appear since the beginning of the 20th
century, when the Russian scientist Constantin Perskyi proposed it
during the first International Electricity Congress.
Evolution of television
In 1931 Vladimir Zvorykin invented the iconoscope in the laboratories of the
RCA.
The first marketable television reception device was created in
1926 and was the work of the Scottish Baird. It consisted of a
mechanical device, as we have explained before. This format was
marketed between 1928 and 1934 in the United States, the United
Kingdom , and the USSR .
These were radios that had a neon tube behind a Nipkow disk ,
which produced an image the size of a stamp, magnified by a lens twice
its size. Since 1929, the mechanical sweep of 240 lines, which
substantially improved the performance of the device.
In 1931 Vladimir Zvorykin invented the iconoscope in the
laboratories of the RCA. It was an electronic tube that allowed it to
replace all other television systems, thanks to an electronic mosaic
composed of thousands of independent photoelectric cells in three thin
layers. This advance revolutionized the industry and allowed the
appearance of electric television.
Later, in 1934, the cathode ray tube (CRT) system appeared , which
achieved better resolutions and speeds. This was the work of
Telefunken in Germany , and soon had versions in the main world
powers. Before the Second World War, about 19,000 devices had been
sold in the United Kingdom and about 1,600 in Germany.
The first television broadcast
The very first television broadcast was made by Baird himself in his
laboratory, but it was only for promotional or demonstration purposes. In
1927 the BBC produced the first broadcasts of programming ,
which was not broadcast on a regular schedule. In 1930 the first
simultaneous transmission of audio and image in black and white was
made.
In 1931, the first television station was created in Germany , in the
home of Manfred von Ardenne. In 1932, regular broadcasts began in
Paris, although the image quality did not exceed 60 lines and was in
black and white.
To receive the first television broadcasts with scheduled programming
we would have to wait until 1936 in England, or 1939 in the United
States. The first regular electronic TV broadcasts occurred in 1937
in France and England .
The golden age of television
In the mid-20th century, televisions and recording studios proliferated.
In the middle of the 20th century, the golden age of this medium
occurred, when it began to spread throughout the world and various
broadcast stations emerged in each of the countries of the world .
In 1953 Eurovision was created to connect the stations of European
countries via microwave, and in 1960 Mundovisión was created, in an
attempt to do the same on a global scale.
In this period, TV arrived in Latin America and became extremely
popular . Consequently, the first national stations in each country were
founded and what would later become large private television
consortiums, such as Televisa, were born.
Color television
The adaptation of televisions to color was completed in the 1970s.
Although color transmission had been experimented with from the
beginning, using color filters to tint the images, color television was not
achieved until much later. The first step was taken in 1940: the Mexican
Guillermo González Camarena created a sequential trichromatic
system .
Eight years later, the American Peter Goldmark used this system to
develop a similar one. This is how the Sequential Field System was
born in 1948 , which was successful and was used by the Columbia
Broadcasting System.
However, it took a long time to adapt this system to work on the millions
of monochrome televisions already sold, which took its first steps in
1950. The adaptation of the
Color televisions were completed in the 1970s , although
monochrome televisions continued to exist much longer.
Consequences of its popularity
This technology quickly conquered homes around the world, largely
displacing the radio as the preferred medium for obtaining information
or around which to gather the family.
The result was a significant gain in news immediacy and a greater
burden of power and responsibility in the media . From then on they
had a very intimate reach in homes, and the television became one of
the main household appliances.
Satellite television
Satellite television requires the installation of receiving antennas.
The development of space technology and satellites allowed television
to take a global turn. The use of satellites to receive and send
television broadcasts via microwaves facilitated their distribution,
making it more agile, faster and effective over large geographic areas.
This also allowed access to foreign programming through paid
subscriptions. They required the installation of satellite dishes on the
roofs of buildings: bulky and dangerous devices that were quickly
replaced by smaller and local variants, installed in the windows of
apartments.
digital television
Starting in the 1980s, television began to take its first steps towards
digitalization, pushed by the digital revolution that the appearance of
computers brought about. This technology allowed greater data
transmission capacity , better resolution and the use of all the
processing power of the computerized world.
Digitization was applied to both video production and its transmission,
both by satellite, cable and terrestrial radio frequency. Currently,
television can be watched on computers equipped for it and
through Internet platforms such as YouTube, both live and recorded.
The future of television
Television could be reinvented according to the 2.0 consumption mode.
The future of television is uncertain, but in many ways it points
towards the Internet and the world of networks . The replacement of
televisions with computer screens is an ongoing trend, so it is possible
to assume that television will be reinvented according to the 2.0
consumption mode, that is, more personal, more interactive and more
multimedia.
