DEDICATION

To God for teaching us that the

impossible does not exist, that desire
and effort are the key to achieving
goals and moving forward.

1
GRATITUDE:
We thank all those people who in one way
or another were involved so that this
monographic work could finally materialize
in this work, especially the teacher of this
subject, who with her teachings day by
day helps us build essential knowledge in
the development of our police career.

2
DEDICATION.........................................................................................................................1
GRATITUDE:.........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER I............................................................................................................................5
1. STUDY OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................5
1.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE............................................................................................5
1.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES..........................................................................................5
CHAPTER II..........................................................................................................................6
2. BACKGROUND OF PUNCTUATION MARKS.......................................................................6
3. PUNCTUATION MARKS..................................................................................................6
3.1. DEFINITION...................................................................................................................6
4. PUNCTUATION MARKS................................................................................................10
4.1. POINT........................................................................................................................10
4.2.POINT AND FOLLOW..............................................................................................11
4.3. USE SEPARATELY AND SEPARATELY.............................................................12
4.4. ENDPOINT USE.......................................................................................................13
4.5. USE OF COMMA.....................................................................................................15
4.5.1. TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF COMMA:.................................................................16
4.5.1.1. ENUMERATIVE COMMA ................................................................................16
4.5.1.2. VOCATIVE COMMA..........................................................................................16
4.5.1.3. HYPERBATIC COMA........................................................................................17
4.5.1.6. ADVERSATIVE COMMA..................................................................................17
4.5.1.7. ELLIPTICAL COMMA.......................................................................................18
4.5.1.8. INCIDENTAL COMA.........................................................................................18
4.6. USE OF SEMI-COLONS.............................................................................................19
The semicolon ( ; ) is a punctuation mark; grammatically, it is used to join two
related sentences into a single phrase:......................................................................19
4.7. USE OF TWO POINTS................................................................................................20
4.8. USE OF QUOTES........................................................................................................21
Single and double........................................................................................................21
Quotation marks in double meanings.........................................................................23
4.9. USE OF PARENTHESES...........................................................................................24
Examples of the use of parentheses..........................................................................25

3
4.10. USE OF BRACKETS.................................................................................................26
4.11. USE OF KEYS...........................................................................................................28
Parentheses « ( )», square brackets « [ ]» and braces « { }»...................................28
4.12. QUESTION MARKS..................................................................................................28
The question mark is a punctuation mark that denotes a question . Its origin is
Latin . The word "question" comes from the Latin question, or 'question',
abbreviated as "Qo." This abbreviation became the question mark........................28
4.13. EXCLAMATION MARKS..........................................................................................32
The signs ! They are used to indicate the exclamatory nature of a sentence. They
are written to begin and end an exclamatory, hortatory or imperative sentence.
Interjections also go between exclamation marks:....................................................32
4.14. ELLIPSIS....................................................................................................................34
Most important uses of ellipses:..................................................................................35
4.16. USE OF THE STRIPE...............................................................................................36
CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................................38
BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................39
ANNEXES............................................................................................................................41

INTRODUCTION
In this monographic work we will talk about the topic, punctuation marks. They
are very important in daily life since without them all our writings would take on
another meaning, we would not read even half of a paragraph without getting
tired or taking a break to catch our breath or saliva. Punctuation marks promote
the creation of timely tools to develop skills and abilities through writing,
creating conditions to work with students and collaborators in developing basic
motor skills through oral and written processes for a better understanding and
presentation of the language.

The correct use of punctuation marks ensures the proper articulation of the
units of meaning that make up a sentence or paragraph. That is why
punctuation marks require very precise use; If they are put in the wrong place,
words and phrases fail to say what the author intended. The more the signs
highlight the structuring of the content (central theme, subtopic, idea, detail), the
more coherent and precise the text will be. Each of the punctuation marks and
their respective examples will be detailed below.

4
 CHAPTER I

1. STUDY OBJECTIVES
1.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
- Explain each of the punctuation marks.

1.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

- Learn and explain the rules that regulate writing.

- Acquire the ability to distinguish the meaning of a text with the presence
and absence of punctuation marks.
- With this work we will learn about punctuation marks, the use of capital
letters and expression techniques.

- Have knowledge of punctuation marks as they are vital for writing any
document.
- Having knowledge of the correct use of punctuation marks ensures the
proper articulation of the units of meaning that make up a sentence or
paragraph. That is why punctuation marks require very precise use; If
they are put in the wrong place, words and phrases fail to say what the
author intended. The more the signs highlight the structuring of the
content (central theme, subtopic, idea, detail), the more coherent and
precise the text will be.

5
 - Have knowledge of the most common punctuation marks, use of capital
letters, determining when to use them.

CHAPTER II

2. BACKGROUND OF PUNCTUATION MARKS

The origin of punctuation marks is given. From the “scriptio continua” to the
Etymologies of Saint Isidore, points and commas took a long and slow journey.
In the first parliamentary-assembly political systems of Greece and Rome, the
best weapon that a politician without military power could have was a
convincing speech. However, making a good speech was then as or more
difficult than it is today: reading directly a text in the assembly, in the agora or in
the senate entailed a series of annoyances. The scriptio continua (that is, the
writing of texts lacking punctuation marks) required the speaker to know the text
in advance, in order to of knowing its content and being able to highlight what is
most important. In the 3rd century BC, Aristophanes, the librarian in charge of
the Library of Alexandria, tried to codify his suggestion of annotations in the
texts to modify the intonations and introduce pauses in the text when being read
in public. Aristophanes introduced a period above, in the middle or below each
line (comma, colon and periodus) that would help change the tonality of the
reading, depending on the placement of the sign. Aristophanes' coding,
however, fell in certain disuse due to the Roman preference of giving speeches,
let's say, "live", instead of reading a text in the presence of an audience. Let's
say, to their credit, that the debates in the senate required this capacity for
immediate response ( as still happens today in our Parliaments).

6
3. PUNCTUATION MARKS
3.1. DEFINITION

Punctuation marks are orthographic signs that indicate the production of a

pause in the sentence, or to indicate the way in which it should be understood,
as when we use interrogative marks, which indicate that said sentence is a
question . In Spanish spelling, the most used punctuation marks are: the period,
the comma, the semi-colon, the colon, the question marks and the exclamation
marks.

3.2. WHAT ARE PUNCTUATION MARKS FOR?

Punctuation marks delimit sentences and paragraphs, establish the syntactic

hierarchy of propositions to structure the text , order ideas and prioritize them
into main and secondary ones, and eliminate ambiguities.

Punctuation varies depending on writing style; However, differences in style that

may arise do not exempt anyone from complying with certain minimum
standards and avoiding errors generally considered unacceptable. Hence the
importance of knowing and applying the basic rules of punctuation.

However, it must be noted that beyond any established norm, punctuation

marks also make up the architecture of written thought. In this sense, and as
has been the case in poetry for more than a century, there are no exact rules to
regulate the correct use of signs in scores, both narrative and poetic. In terms of
principles and parameters, punctuation marks would become part of the
parameters of the language, and consequently they are in a process of constant
evolution and are variable, therefore they can depend on other factors.

If the ultimate goal is communication, it could be paradoxical to find ourselves

with spelling licenses that do not respect the conventional way of writing and
that, however, perfectly express the concepts and internal rhythms, invisible in
any other way.

An example of a variable "at the extreme" would be the changes in the forms of
writing that are being imposed by the new media, chat , blog, SMS... which,
rather than attacking the old structures of the language, make a use of it

7
specific, appropriate to the speed and other characteristics of the medium in
question; even when the correct thing is to respect the use of punctuation marks
and avoid the degradation of the Spanish language due to idioms.

3.3.FUNCTION OF PUNCTUATION MARKS.

Punctuation marks have a very important function because they help everything
written be read and understood in a fluid and clear way.

First function: It is to establish a pause in the statement. If we listen to someone

or read a paragraph from a book, there will always be a moment when the
writing stops for a moment and then continues.
It is a necessary process for correct and effective reading.

Second function: It serves as an indication of the sense in which a sentence

should be interpreted, while giving it coherence. The written language is full of
nuance and tonalities. Sometimes a simple sign like a comma can make a lot of
difference when it comes to interpretation:

Let's read the following example:

Juan will buy chairs, a closet, tables, a washing machine, and he will go to the
field when he finishes those chores.

Now, the same sentence, using the comma and the period followed:
Juan will buy chairs, a closet, tables, a washing machine. He will go to the park
when I finish those chores.

Thanks to the commas (,) and periods (.) used in the example, the sentence is
better structured and we quickly understand all the actions that the subject (that
is, Juan) performed.

Writing is a form of communication that involves a linear construction; Since it is

impossible to write everything at the same time, it is necessary to separate the

8
 ideas, prioritize them and put them in order. In this work, punctuation marks
serve to:

 Structure the text.

 Delimit sentences and paragraphs.
 Emphasize the main ideas.
 Order the secondary ideas.
 Eliminate ambiguities.

Good punctuation ensures the proper articulation of the units of meaning that
make up a sentence or paragraph. That is why punctuation marks require very
precise use; If they are put in the wrong place, words and phrases fail to say
what the author intended. The more the signs highlight the structuring of the
content (central theme, sub-theme, idea, detail), the more coherent and precise
the text becomes. The punctuation rules are very broad, each person has their
own style of expressing themselves, just as they have a writing style. The
punctuation marks depend on the text we write, if it is a report the information
must be expressed in a direct way while if it is an essay it is more free because
you can give an opinion or defend an idea.

3.4. HOW TO USE PUNCTUATION MARKS?

Some general recommendations worth keeping in mind when writing:
 Refrain from using intonation as a reference for punctuation. Writing is a silent
communication and we commonly read texts in silence. Writing is not the same
as speaking and reading a text is not the same as listening to a talk.
Punctuation, therefore, obeys the rules of construction of written discourse ,
which are independent of oral communication .
 Keep in mind that literary texts are not always a good model for the use of
punctuation marks. Literary art grants writers a margin of expressive freedom
that allows them to sometimes transgress the conventional norms of language.
This freedom comes in handy when writing a poem or a story, but it is out of
place in academic writing.

9
 Check the punctuation of your texts before printing or publishing them. Through
the UD review. he becomes the first reader of his own writing; This gives you a
chance to check whether you have expressed yourself clearly.
 Be courteous to your potential reader: do not overwhelm him with an excess of
signs or confuse him with your scarcity . Remember that the essential function
of punctuation is to facilitate the reader's adequate understanding of the texts.

Punctuation marks delimit sentences and paragraphs, establish the syntactic

hierarchy of propositions to structure the text , order ideas and prioritize them
into main and secondary ones, and eliminate ambiguities.

Punctuation varies depending on writing style; However, differences in style that

may arise do not exempt anyone from complying with certain minimum
standards and avoiding errors generally considered unacceptable. Hence the
importance of knowing and applying the basic rules of punctuation.

However, it must be noted that beyond any established norm, punctuation

marks also make up the architecture of written thought. In this sense, and as
has been the case in poetry for more than a century, there are no exact rules to
regulate the correct use of signs in scores, both narrative and poetic. In terms of
principles and parameters, punctuation marks would become part of the
parameters of the language, and consequently they are in a process of constant
evolution and are variable, therefore they can depend on other factors.

If the ultimate goal is communication, it could be paradoxical to find ourselves

with spelling licenses that do not respect the conventional way of writing and
that, however, perfectly express the concepts and internal rhythms, invisible in
any other way.

An example of a variable "at the extreme" would be the changes in the forms of
writing that are being imposed by the new media, chat , blog, SMS... which,
rather than attacking the old structures of the language, make a use of it
specific, appropriate to the speed and other characteristics of the medium in
question; even when the correct thing is to respect the use of punctuation marks
and avoid the degradation of the Spanish language due to idioms.

The main punctuation marks are periods, commas, semi-colons, quotation

marks, parentheses, question marks, exclamation marks, ellipses and hyphens.
10
4. PUNCTUATION MARKS
4.1. POINT
The period is the punctuation mark that is placed at the end of grammatical
statements and sentences in Spanish, and in most languages written with the
Latin alphabet , they are written without leaving a space separating the
character that precedes it, but leaving a space with the character that follows it,
unless said character is a closing character. There are three types of point: the
full stop, the full stop and the full stop. Generally, it indicates a falling intonation.

Points can be of two types:

 points followed, point apart

 the final points.

The full stop marks the end of a statement within the same paragraph.
The full stop separates sentences from different paragraphs.

The full stop is placed at the end of a piece of writing to indicate its definitive
completion.

Example.
The physical sciences in the ancient world owed little to the experimental
method. Leaving aside astronomy...
The rational method and the empirical method in the physical sciences , by
José de Echegaray, Wikisource.

4.2.POINT AND FOLLOW

Separate statements within a paragraph. It means that you continue writing
after the point; The first letter written in this case will be capitalized. For
example: «History of Spain. The discovery of America". It is called full stop, a
more logical and recommendable name than the also usual full stop.

Examples.
1. You received a call. She was his first wife.
2. I need someone to advise me with my problem. It turns out that this morning I
woke up and noticed that some of my hair fell out.

11
3. I changed the flat tire on the car myself. I don't know if we can drive for long,
but it will be enough to get to your house.
4. They went for a short walk. The morning was splendid.

5. The sea was rough that day. The boats danced on the water, avoiding the
waves with difficulty.

6. They started to open the windows. Then they entered the kitchen.

7. The boy looked at the watch. Should

8. Attend the appointment. After going outside, it started to rain and since I
wasn't wearing a raincoat, I decided to go into a store and buy one. But when I
entered the store I realized that I had no money. I decided then that it would be
better to return home and wait for it to clear.

9. I think I should do my homework so I don't look bad at school tomorrow.

There's a lot to work on, so let's get to work.

10. They brought it to me one morning. His appearance inspired compassion

and great allegory.

4.3. USE SEPARATELY AND SEPARATELY

Separates two paragraphs of different content within the text. Next you have to
start writing on a different line. To follow the rules, you must indent the first line
of text of the new paragraph and start with a capital letter. It is called full stop,
although in some areas of America it is called full stop.

Examples.

1.That summer I was determined to spend it on the coast. I had already booked
an apartment, I had asked for a vacation from work and I had my fishing rod
ready. But at the last minute plans had to be changed: the coast suffered one of
the worst floods of the decade.

12
2.The reductions were a unique experiment, in which various dimensions were
faced. Its objective was to Christianize the rebel Guarani, organize an economic
and military power and build a retaining wall against the pennants.

3.The missions were successful because the religious had an indigenous group,
the Guaraní, who were inclined to adapt to the Jesuits' system of life.

4.In general, metamorphism is produced by an increase in pressure,

temperature or both factors.

5.In the Earth's crust, the temperature increases with depth, at an average of 30
°C per kilometer, although in some areas, the value can be much lower.

6. If all were exterminated, man would also die; because what happens to
animals will also happen to man.

7. This we know: the earth does not belong to man, man belongs to the Earth.

8.This test is common in gemology and is done in a device called a

spectroscope, which is made up of a light source, a prism and an eyepiece.

9. Another simple and quick optical test consists of subjecting the sample to a
filter system with selective absorption of colors and polarizers.

10. Observation seems to confirm, in fact, that stars are born in numerous
groups that later disperse.

4.4. ENDPOINT USE

It is always placed at the end, closing a text or statement. The name full stop,
created by analogy with the correct full stop and full stop, is not correct.

Examples.

1. “After nine years of war between the Achaeans and the Trojans, a plague
breaks out on the Achaean camp. The soothsayer Calmante, consulted about
this, predicts that the plague will not cease until Chryseis, Agamemnon's slave,
is returned to her father Chryses. Achilles' anger originates from the affront

13
inflicted on him by Agamemnon, who, after yielding to Chryseis, snatches from
Achilles his share of the loot, the young priestess Briseis. Having been left
without the beautiful woman, the same one he had given him.

2. The community as a whole, Achilles withdraws from the battle, and assures
that he will only return to it when the Trojan fire reaches his own ships.
3. Zeus supports the decision of Achilles, the great warrior Myrmidon, through
the request of his mother Thetis.
4. Zeus, disturbed by the promise he had made to Thetis, advised Agamemnon
through a dream to arm his troops to attack Troy. However, Agamemnon, to test
his army, proposes that the Achaeans return to their homes, but the proposal is
rejected.
5. The leader of the Trojan troops, Hector, scolds his brother Paris for hiding
from the presence of Menelaus. Given this, Paris decides to challenge
Menelaus in single combat. Helen, King Priam, and other Trojan nobles watch
the battle from the wall, where Helen introduces some of the Achaean leaders.
The battle stops for the celebration of the singular duel, with the promise that
the winner would keep Helena and her treasures. Menelaus is about to kill Paris
but he is saved by Aphrodite, and is sent to Helen.
6. After a small assembly of the gods, they decide to resume hostilities, so
Athena, disguised, incites Pandar to break the truce by launching an arrow that
wounds Menelaus and after Agamemnon's harangue to his troops, the battle
resumes.
7. Among the Achaeans, Diomedes stands out in the battle, assisted by Athena,
who is about to kill Aeneas, and even wounds Aphrodite. Meanwhile, Ares and
Hector command the Trojan troops and Sarpedon, leader of the Lycians, also
stands out, killing among others the king of Rhodes, Tlepolemus. Then
Diomedes, protected again by Athena, wounds Ares.
8. Faced with the push of the Achaeans, Helenus, also son of Priam and a
fortune teller, urges Hector to return to Troy to commission the Trojan women to
make offerings in the temple of Athena. While in battle Diomedes and the
Lycian Glaucus recognize their ties of hospitality and exchange weapons
amicably. Hector, after carrying out his brother Helen's assignment, goes in

14
search of Paris to scold him to return to battle and says goodbye to his wife
Andromache.
9. After the debate between Athena and Apollo, played by Helenus, Hector
challenges any prominent Achaean in a singular duel. The main Achaean
leaders, harangued by Nestor, accept the challenge and after drawing lots, Ajax
Telamonio is the chosen one. The singular duel takes place but the arrival of
night puts an end to the fight between the two and gifts are exchanged. Nestor
urges the Achaeans to build a wall and a ditch to defend their camp. The
Trojans in assembly debate whether they should hand over Helen and her
treasure (a position defended by Anténor), or only their treasure (a position
defended by Paris). Priam orders that Paris's proposal be transferred to the
Achaeans. The proposal is flatly rejected, but a truce is agreed to incinerate the
bodies.
10. Zeus orders the rest of the gods to refrain from intervening in the conflict.
The Trojans, encouraged by Zeus, advance into battle and drive the Achaeans
back. On the part of the Achaeans, Teucer causes serious damage to the
Trojan ranks with his arrows. Athena and Hera try to help the Achaeans but Iris
sends them Zeus's order not to intervene. When night comes, the Trojans camp
near the Achaean camp.
11.Phoenix, Ajax Telonius, Odysseus and two heralds are sent as an embassy,
on the advice of Nestor, where they give Achilles apologies from Agamemnon
(offering him gifts, the return of Briseis and any of his daughters as a wife) and
beg him to He returns to the fight, but he refuses despite Fénix's advice.

The period is also used to indicate that the previous word is an abbreviation. In
this case, write the abbreviation followed by the period and continue writing as
usual. This last class of point does not apply in certain abbreviations such as
cardinal points , acronyms or measurements, which are considered symbols .

4.5. USE OF COMMA

The comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a brief pause within the
sentence. It is used to separate the members of an enumeration or sequence,
whether words or phrases, except those that are preceded by any of the
conjunctions and, e, o, u or nor. For example:
15
1. Maria returned home, did her homework, had dinner and went to bed. —My
house has furniture, tables and four beds.

There are tendencies that admit its use to separate two independent members
of a sentence, whether or not there is a conjunction between them, as long as
they are truly independent; Well, if not, we would be in the previous case:

2. The soldiers saluted, the people applauded and the children couldn't stop
singing.

It is also used to delimit or isolate a clarification or paragraph (incidental words

or sentences):

3. Nacho, my cousin, just got his first job .

Conjunctive or adverbial phrases, regardless of their position, are preceded and

followed by a comma, such as: in effect, that is, finally, therefore.

Indicate that one or more words have been deleted for grammatical or stylistic
reasons ( asyndeton , ellipsis )

4.5.1. TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF COMMA:

4.5.1.1. ENUMERATIVE COMMA .
It is used to separate the elements that make up a series or to separate
grammatically equivalent members:
Examples
1.Sherlock Holmes ordered Dr. Watson to put away his pipe, hat, books, and
jewelry.
2.I visited the library, noted the bibliography, selected the information, and
revised my draft several times before writing this essay.
3. You would need to bring plates, cutlery, soda and wine.
4.Exam dates are in March, August and December.
5. Sofía, Laura, Irene and Beatriz met like every Saturday.
6.There will be raffles, raffles, lots of food, and old friends we haven't seen in a
long time.
7.1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.

16
4.5.1.2. VOCATIVE COMMA
It is used to separate the vocative and the message:
Examples
1. Patricia, support your brothers.
2. When the vocative is in the middle of the sentence, it is written between two
commas.
3. Don't forget, dear Francisco, that I'm ten years ahead of you.
4. Repeat what you said, my love.
5. Maria, was it you?
6. Can you help us with this, Pedro?
7. The Homeland, dear compatriots, is experiencing decisive moments.
8. Hear, mortals, the cry of Zeus
9. You will be, my friend, my main confidant
10. Little brother, let me sleep.

4.5.1.3. HYPERBATIC COMA

When the synthetic order of the sentence is reversed, a comma is written after
the anticipated complement:
Examples
 According to the group's decision, you will not participate in the
championship.
 According to the experience of the boy from eight, revenge is not good
because it kills the soul and poisons it.
 Money, he doesn't have any left
 Working is always a pleasure.
 To infinity, our friendship will endure.
 They got lost, both boys in the forest.
 Reading has always been for intellectuals.
 Love, poetry completes it.
 I'll stop thinking about you when the sun stops shining
 In Latin America, love abounds.

17
4.5.1.6. ADVERSATIVE COMMA
A comma is written before the conjunctions but, more, but, although:
Examples
1. I would like to accompany you, but I am tired.
2. He writes well, although he can write better.
3. Elsa was very tired, however she decided to accompany her friend
4. He is very sick, but he does not want to go to the doctor
5. She had studied a lot, but she felt insecure.
6. He wanted to go, but his tiredness was greater than his desires.
7. Juliana is beautiful, but so unfriendly
8. He tried on all the shirts in the store, despite his indecision he bought
one.
9. He worked a lot in this company, but the new manager wants young
people, although he must
10. be over 80 years old.

4.5.1.7. ELLIPTICAL COMMA

A comma is written to replace the verb in cases where it is omitted because it
was already mentioned previously or it is understood:
Examples
1. Pamela is beautiful; Patricia, too.
2. Victor is thin; Pamela, fat.
3. Julio lost his wallet; Juan, his backpack.
4. The teacher writes on the board; the students (,) in the notebook.
5. Evil of many, consolation of fools.
6. Juan studies chemistry; Maria (,) physics; Pedro (,) engineering.
7. The teacher writes on the board; The students write in the notebook.
8. The evil of many is the consolation of fools.
9. Juan studies chemistry; María studies physics; Pedro studies
engineering.

18
4.5.1.8. INCIDENTAL COMA
A comma is written to separate the paragraphs that are embedded in the
speech. It is a word, phrase or sentence that: Explains the subject or verb, or
object. It is not part of the essence, so much so that, if it is eliminated, the idea
remains intact. It always goes after what was explained. It goes between
commas:
1. Francisco, upon realizing that Pamela was not there, ran furiously
towards the park.
2. The Writing groups, including the workshop students, must present an
expository text
3. Plato, author of The Symposium and The Republic, is the philosopher
who accompanied me during my adolescence
4. Alonso, the teacher, is a great man.
5. Mario Vargas Llosa, the author of Conversation in the Cathedral, and
Gabriel García Márquez will meet at the Museum of Art.
6. UCSS students and, of course, teachers will attend the meeting with the
writers.
7. She bought a book, a dictionary and a magazine, and left the bookstore
very happy.
8. They painted the walls of the room, rearranged the furniture, and were
delighted.
9. The Middle Ages identified beauty (in addition to proportion) with light
and color, and this color was always elemental, a symphony of reds,
blues, golds, silvers, whites and greens.

4.6. USE OF SEMI-COLONS

The semicolon ( ; ) is a punctuation mark; grammatically, it is used to join two
related sentences into a single phrase:

—María was upset about the exam. + María will have to study more. = María
was upset about the exam; You will have to study more. -It's raining a lot. + We
can't walk. = It is raining a lot; We can't walk.

Generally it can be replaced by constructions of the type:

19
—María was upset about the exam and will have to study more. —We won't be
able to walk because it's raining a lot.

It also serves to separate the elements of an enumeration when dealing with

expressions that include commas:

—You had to be in contact with nature; let in the sky, the sea and the wind;
sleep on boards, on the floor; sit on half-broken chairs.

Furthermore, it is used before conjunctions or phrases such as but, more,

although, however, therefore and therefore when the periods have a certain
length:

Examples:

1. He smiled only with his eyes; his lips retained the expression of mocking
indifference.
He stood up and looked at her; Their gazes met.
I was in no hurry; His revenge could wait.
They were all new; His predecessors had disappeared.

2. Luis reflected; His face was grim and grim.

Luis clenched his fists; His body was rigid with terror.
Some did not observe; They had their gaze lost in space.
He stood perfectly still; He was afraid of attracting attention and
wondered what to do.

3. The engine is broken; It won't be of any use to you anymore.

Everybody home; There is nothing more to do.
The cameras went offline; There was nothing more to transmit.
The meeting point had gone too far; I couldn't find it anymore.

4.7. USE OF TWO POINTS

This punctuation mark represents a pause greater than that of a comma and
less than that of a period. It stops the speech to draw attention to what follows,
which is always in close relation to the preceding text. An important and
frequent use of this sign is to introduce textual quotations (a use that is
sometimes incorrectly attributed to the comma).

20
Examples:

He was right: it hadn't been a coincidence. The temperature is relatively good: it

does not reach ten degrees below zero.
Luis had experience opening doors: it was not in vain that he had worked with
thieves. Luis does not work here: he has no business serving these clients.
We welcomed the invitation with more skepticism than joy: we didn't know what
awaited us. His mind was blank: he couldn't think of anything.
This morning you could have avoided it: you didn't.
And then there is the rain: it never falls to fill the reservoirs, but it does fall to
soak you. One thing is for sure: I will never stop loving her.
He began to ask for help: he had never felt so afraid. It's the rule of business:
you should never risk your own money.
In my job it is good to change roles frequently: it is never good to get
pigeonholed.
I don't mean that there is anything wrong with you: I know you and I know there
isn't.
Very well, it is decided: you will stay with us. It's much more than that: I have
saved you from the gallows.
These gadgets are a two-way street: they can also hear you through them. Not
only did he punch him in the face: he also kicked him in the ass.
Paella is a very complete dish: it has starch, proteins, fiber...
This book reads well: it has large print and a nice format.
First things first: he had to contact the station.
"Listen to me," he said, addressing Emily; I couldn't wait: I had to tell him right
there. I can't stand people staring at me: I have very big ears. You can't accept
that: you have a police mentality.
No one dared to approach him: they were afraid, for sure.

4.8. USE OF QUOTES

Single and double

Quotation marks are punctuation marks that are placed at the beginning and
end of sentences, words written as quotes, examples, those that you want to
highlight, either because of the importance that the author gives them or
because of their ironic, vulgar or foreign character. and inappropriate for the
language being used. Although the use of English quotation marks (" ") is truly
widespread, it is preferable to first use the angular or Spanish ones (" ") and
reserve those, and finally the simple ones (' '), for when parts of a text must be
placed in quotation marks. already in quotes. Are used,
21
Example

- To quote something verbatim: p. e.g., «He told me that “he was

supposed to arrive today”».
- To indicate words used in a sense other than the normal one, in order to
indicate that they have been selected intentionally and not by mistake.
- To indicate the ironic or sarcastic intention of using a word.
- To indicate something about a word or expression.
- To present the meaning of a word or an expression.
- To highlight that a word or expression is foreign, it is a nickname or
pseudonym .
In Spanish, three types of quotes are used:

1. Castilian, Latin, Spanish, double angular or guillemot (" ") quotation

marks.
2. Double or English quotation marks (“ ”).
3. Single quotes (' ').
4. Likewise, a distinction is made between opening quotes («, “, ') and
closing quotes (», , ').

Each of these signs has its own use. As a general rule, angle quotes are used
as the first option. If a second quote appears within what has already been
quoted, other quotes would be used, the English ones being preferable, leaving
the simple ones as the final resource. The most common thing is to put
quotation marks, from outside to inside, in the following order: «...“...'...'...'...»

Single quotation marks are used to mark examples in cases where italics are
not appropriate. Its use is also preferred to present the meaning of a word:

«—The author said: “Quotation marks ('punctuation marks used to demarcate

different levels in a sentence') are used profusely in my work.”»

The rule says that the punctuation marks of a sentence that contains text in
quotation marks must be placed after the closing quotation marks, except when
that text does not belong to any other sentence, that is, when the phrase or
sentence in quotation marks is individual.

In Spanish, no space is left between the quotes and their content. Each
language has its own rules for applying quotes.

Examples:

22
 1. Instead of greeting each one, he said “general greetings” and sat down
to drink.
2. I was there, when suddenly a voice rang: “Everyone come in
immediately.” I couldn't help but enter.
3. When I arrived she was with the suitcases. “I'm leaving” he told me.
4. “Excuse me,” said the pianist, “you won't mind if I practice for a moment.”
5. As Einstein said, “Human stupidity is infinite.”
6. When the groom said “Yes, I accept” the entire Church was moved.
7. Look what this medicine says: “do not expose to the sun.” Get it out of
there.
8. “Only the unity of working people – said our union leader – will lead us to
victory.”

Quotes in Titles or proper names

 She adopted a dog and named her “Leila.”

 “The Scream” is the most beautiful work I have ever seen in my life.
 In the following work, we propose to analyze “Don Quixote” by Miguel de
Cervantes.
 I have never seen the brand of this pen before, it is “Vaxley”.
 We recommend not consuming any product that contains a “65B2” in its
barcode, as it could be from the fraudulent batch.
 For this course you will need to purchase the book “Mathematics II” from
the same publisher as last year.
 “The White Album” is surely the most important album in the history of
the Beatles.

Quotation marks in double meanings

 The president said that his fortune increased due to his businesses. Of
course, for his “business”.
 My father, when I was very little, was busy on his “travels”, then I found
out that he had a double life.

23
  His thesis, “The work of Adam Smith seen from the 21st century” has
been placed among the most important works of the University.
 The parents organized a graduation “party” for us: it was really boring.
 This year's “spring” was nothing more than an extension of winter.

4.9. USE OF PARENTHESES

In general, parentheses refer to the set of punctuation marks that are used in
pairs, spaced between words, enclosing information. However, it is common for
the entire category to be unknown and a single group of these signs to be
understood by parentheses, the one that clarifies or specifies something with an
opening sign. Different types of discourse admit the introduction of parentheses
on different occasions.
When are parentheses used?
First of all, we can refer to the only case of parentheses that will frequently
appear in the narrative text, which is the interruption to provide an explanatory
paragraph: many times it is applied after the designation of a person to express
their function or some characteristic that characterizes them. It is own. If after
naming a person a pair of dates separated by a hyphen appear in parentheses,
it is usually understood that we are talking about the date of birth and death.

 In textual quotations, on the other hand, a set of three points (the so-
called 'ellipsis') can be included in parentheses that indicate to the reader
the fact that an ellipsis is being made, skipping one part of the text to
reach another. .
 In theatrical works, for its part, the function of parentheses is to include
notes from the author and the characters.

Parentheses are also very common within the framework of the formality of
documents far from literature, which use them when they grant different options
to give an instruction: all kinds of forms appeal to this type of parentheses to
express a range of alternatives.

 When an acronym is mentioned, it is also common to explain the

meaning of those letters in parentheses.

24
  On the other hand, the numbering of texts in alphabetical or numerical
order is usually labeled with a closing parenthesis.

Computer science and mathematics, for their part, also use parentheses very
frequently for the different operations they practice. The location of the
parentheses between signs of this type will have a very different meaning
depending on the case. It is common that in the Internet world parentheses are
used for 'emoticons', signs that synthesize moods through minimal expressions
of 'drawings', which often resort to parentheses for their use.
The following list includes twenty examples of the use of parentheses, clarifying
the different types in italics, after each case.

Examples of the use of parentheses

1. Date parentheses:

- Roberto Alfredo “el Negro” Fontanarrosa (Rosario, November 26, 1944 –

ibidem, July 19, 2007) was a historic Argentine writer.
- The film 'The Godfather' (1972) is one of the most important in the history
of cinema.

2. Theatrical parenthesis

- -Bye bye. (He slams the door and leaves.)

- MARIA. (looking into infinity) I never want to see you again.

3. Clarifying parenthesis

- My father (a great lawyer) is the fundamental reference that I had

throughout my life.
- My brother (Sergio, the youngest) is studying medicine.
- Mrs. Norma (my neighbor) bought that same dress.

4. Acronym parentheses

- FIFA (International Football Federation) is going through one of the most

complicated moments in its history.
- The UN (United Nations Organization) made the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and the Citizen.

5. Parenthesis for emoticon

25
 - Express sadness.

- Express a wink.

- Express happiness.

6. mathematical parenthesis

2. (5+6) * 2.
3. (5,60).
4.
7. Enumeration parentheses

0. The neighboring countries of Argentina are: a) Uruguay; b) Brazil;

c) Paraguay; d) Bolivia.
8. Other uses of parentheses

- Fill out the survey with the opinion(s) you have in each case. Form
explanation parenthesis.
- A boy is needed to deliver orders. Option parenthesis.
- 'Thank you for coming (…) your presence was really gratifying.' Ellipsis
parentheses.

4.10. USE OF BRACKETS

Usage guidance Examples

When within a statement One of the last novels that Benito Pérez Galdós
or text that is between published (some scholars consider his work
parentheses it is Fortunata and Jacinta [1886-87] the best Spanish
necessary to introduce novel of the 19th century) was The Enchanted
some explanatory note or Knight (1909).
precision.

In poetry, a single He dreamed then to forge a poem,

opening bracket is placed of nervous art and new bold and supreme work,
in front of the last words
of a verse to indicate that I chose between a grotesque matter and a tragic
it does not fit on the one,
previous line. I called all the rhythms with a spell
[magical

and the unruly rhythms came closer,

Gathering in the shadows and running away and
[Looking for

26
 yourself.

(José Asunción Silva: The book of verses)

When, in a transcribed The snow beautified [crossed out text: the parks
text, the copyist or editor and buildings of] the city that cold December
wants to incorporate a morning.
missing part, clarification,
note, development of an
abbreviation or any
interpolation foreign to
the original text, square
brackets are used (it is
also possible to use
parentheses with this
function).

Brackets are generally used in a similar way to parentheses that incorporate

complementary or explanatory information.
The combination of brackets with other spelling signs is identical to that of
parentheses, that is, the punctuation marks corresponding to the period in
which the text between brackets is inserted is always placed after the closing.
Brackets are used in a way similar to parentheses, which also incorporate
complementary or explanatory information to the sentence.

Use of brackets:

Brackets are used in a similar way to parentheses, which also incorporate

complementary or explanatory information to the sentence.

Example: Pablo was born in the month of March in the 80's [1988].

Brackets are written attached to the first and last character of the period they
frame and separated by a space from the element that precedes or follows
them.

Brackets are used to:

Place a clarification within a parenthesis:

27
Example:
One of the best works that César Vallejo published (some scholars consider his
work Los Heraldos Negros [1915-18] as the evolution of modernism) was Trilce
(1922).
When used in poetry, it is indicated that this construction corresponds to the
previous verse, but that it could not fit into it, the opening sign is placed in front
of the word:

4.11. USE OF KEYS

These graphic signs are used as double signs { } since it has an opening sign
{ and a closing sign, it can also be used as a single sign.

The opening sign {is commonly used in the formation of diagrams or synoptic
tables to cover several elements, each written on a different line, there are
cases in which the closing sign is also used} for complex diagrams.

Parentheses « ( )», square brackets « [ ]» and braces « { }»

Parentheses (singular parentheses) are punctuation marks. They are used in

pairs to separate or intersperse one text within another or to make a
clarification. The different types are:

 the parentheses themselves: ( )

 the square brackets: [ ]

 the keys: { }

To distinguish both parentheses it is used to say:

 Opening parenthesis or left parenthesis to the symbol).

 Closing parenthesis or right parenthesis to the symbol).

Like quotes, when they have to be used several times in the same fragment
they are used as follows: (… […{…}…]…)

28
4.12. QUESTION MARKS
The question mark is a punctuation mark that denotes a question . Its origin is
Latin . The word "question" comes from the Latin question, or 'question',
abbreviated as "Qo." This abbreviation became the question mark.

In most languages, a single question mark is used at the end of the

interrogative phrase: How old are you? (English; in Spanish "How old are
you?"). This was the usual use also in Spanish, until long after the second
edition of the Spelling of the Royal Academy, in 1754, declared it mandatory to
start questions with the inverted opening question mark (), and end them with
the sign already existing question mark (?) ("How old are you?") while the same
was ordered for the exclamation marks () and (!). Adoption was slow, and there
are books , even from the 19th century, that do not use such opening signs.
Finally it became generalized, probably because the syntax of Spanish does not
help in many cases to deduce when the interrogative phrase begins, as
happens in other languages.

A variant that did not become widespread was to use the opening only when the
statement was long, or at risk of ambiguity, but not for short and clearly
interrogative phrases, such as "Who lives?" The influence of English is bringing
back this old criterion. It is even common for chat rooms or online conversations
in Spanish to only use the sign (?) to ask, as it saves time when pressing the
keys. This may not be of great importance because it is being used in informal
conversations.

Question mark is a spelling mark that is placed at the beginning () and end (?)
of a sentence or word. What is contained between the signs is the subject of
direct questioning.

Below, I review fifty examples of how to correctly compose and write an

interrogative statement, paying attention, above all, to the proper placement of
spelling and punctuation marks (commas) within the sentence.

Questions formed with the pronoun “what”

What, again?
What, were you doing something interesting?
And now that?

29
Yes and what?
Or what?
One that?
Because?
Besides, what could I add?
And now that you're here, what do you intend to do? Talk or shoot?

As! Aren't you going to go? You miss it.

Who doesn't want to come? And what do you want to do all day at home?
Are we late? So no problem.

Questions formed with the conjunction “or”

Or what?
There's nothing left, right? Or if?
Not worth it. Or if?
Are you armed? Or do you mind going like this?
Are we still on Earth? Or is it Venus?
Now, answer: do you want to stay alive? Do you want to accept? Or do you
prefer to be shot?

Questions next to the adverb “then” (introduced without a comma)

So why do you insist?
So how is it done?
So he wasn't following us?
But then what did he say to you?
If you don't want me as a helper, then why am I here?

Questions next to the conjunction “but” (introduced without a comma)

But why you?
But do you feel obligated to do it?
But wasn't he following us?
But why here, and why now?
What the hell?
But who?

30
Question marks in sentences with ellipses
I do not know because?
I have to do it... What can I do otherwise?
Well, and now... What did you say?
When you come up, I'll make you a drink... or do you think it's too soon?
But she... how does she feel about you?
What are they doing there..., since when have they been there?

Questions with the adverb “where”

Where is he going? Wherever you go.
Where are you taking me, to your town?
And where will we end up?
For the love of God, where are we going? Where…where is it taking us?

Questions with the adverb of affirmation “yes” and the adverb of denial
“no”
Oh yeah?
Yeah? Who?
You had a fight, didn't you?
You sleep here, right?
I came before, don't you remember me? Six weeks ago to beg you for mercy.

Questions that include the colon punctuation mark

Is that all we'll get: a measly dollar?

Tell me: is there anyone here? -asked.

Interrogations when several questions come together

When was it, a thousand years ago? Three, five thousand?
How could I track him down, take him down?
Who are you calling it for? For you? For me?
I needed it, but how? How could I make use of it?
Carlos López, the painter?
Did he go to gambling dens? Girls' clubs? Did you have relationships with

31
bullies?
You're not very busy, are you?

4.13. EXCLAMATION MARKS

The signs ! They are used to indicate the exclamatory nature of a sentence.
They are written to begin and end an exclamatory, hortatory or imperative
sentence. Interjections also go between exclamation marks:

 - Sit down!
 - How beautiful you are!
 - Beware of the Dog!
 —But what a good idea!
 - Brilliant!
Exclamation marks are double spelling signs (!) used to express statements
loaded with affection and feelings.
Exclaiming means, in the definition of the RAE, “ to utter words with force or
vehemence to express the vividness of an affection.”
These signs are responsible for giving a graphic form to this particular way of
expressing words.
Examples
! How nice that you arrived for the birthday!
I love your attitude!
Oh!
Thanks for everything!
Pronunciation of exclamatory sentences
Like sentences with question marks , exclamatory statements require a
different pronunciation that differentiates them from a common statement.
That is, it must also be pronounced with a melodic curve that has the effect of
conveying to the listener that, indeed, whoever pronounces these sentences is
giving them a certain emotionality and enhancement.

32
Basic rules for using exclamation marks
- They are double signs. That is, there is an opening sign and a closing sign.
The first has the above point written () and the second, signed (!).
- They are written attached to the first and last letter of the expression they
frame
- A space must be left between the words that precede or follow it, unless what
follows is another punctuation mark . In that case, no space is left
Example:
! I'll finally have a vacation! I will take the opportunity to go on vacation
- They do not necessarily have to be placed at the beginning of the statement
Example:
Diana arrived today.
I'm so happy!
Use of exclamation marks when the question does not coincide with the
beginning of the statement.
Vocatives: The vocative can be left out of the exclamatory expression
Example: Andrés, I'm so glad you came!
After dependent clauses (conditional and concessive protases)
Examples: If I passed, what a party we would organize!
Absence of exclamation marks in direct exclamatory sentences
The rule is that sentences that are exclamatory in nature should be written
between the exclamation marks.
These statements, in their simplest form, constitute interjections or interjective
groups, onomatopoeia, vocatives, or syntactic groups.
Examples! AND! (interjection)
moo! (onomatopoeia)
How happy I am for you! (syntactic group)
Unequivocally exclamatory expressions
A sentence may leave no room for its exclamatory connotation. In these cases,
the use of exclamation marks can be dispensed with.
Examples:
Ah geez, it all went wrong.
Combined use of exclamation and question marks
It occurs when the same statement can have the character of exclamatory and

33
interrogative at the same time. In these cases, it is possible to open with the
exclamation mark and close with the question mark, or vice versa. Examples:
What are you saying!? / !What are you saying?!

Uses of two or more exclamation marks

This use represents an exception because its use is generally related to literary
works to further highlight the emotional charge of the expression. Example:
You're stupid!!
Concurrence with other signs
Exclamation marks match other punctuation marks, except for the period . The
following cases of concurrence may occur:
- If the exclamatory mark ends the statement, the closing point is not written
(basic rule)
- Before or after the exclamatory marks it is possible to write other spelling
signs such as the comma, the colon, the semicolon, without leaving space
between them. Examples: I finally passed!, now I can go celebrate
- If they are combined with other double signs, such as parentheses, quotes,
etc. There can be two cases: If, for example, the expression in parentheses is
exclamatory, the signs are placed within it.
Example: Alberto promised (finally!) that he would arrive that same night
- If the exclamatory tone of the expression represents a unit greater than that
contained in the parentheses or quotation marks, the exclamation marks are
written outside of it.
Example: He is very angry with us (and with good reason)!
4.14. ELLIPSIS
They are used:
·When we leave the meaning of the phrase in suspense, unfinished, in order to
express nuances of doubt, fear, irony. Maybe I...could...
·When what is being said is interrupted because you already know its
continuation, especially in proverbs, popular sayings, etc. Whoever is doing
badly,...; Not by getting up early...; Barking dog...
·When when playing a text, an unnecessary fragment is deleted. In this case,
the ellipsis is usually included in square brackets [...] or parentheses (...).
The ellipsis is a punctuation mark that is represented by three (necessarily
three) consecutive points that are arranged horizontally, they look like this (...).

34
They are called suspensives because their main function is to interrupt the
speech and leave it in suspense.
Ellipses are placed in different parts when writing a text or a speech, it can be at
the beginning of the sentence, in the middle of it or at the end.
Most important uses of ellipses:

Mark a temporary pause that expresses doubt, fear or suspense. Ex. “I have
something to tell you… I don't even know where to start.”

To indicate the voluntary interruption of a speech, because the end of it is

understood by the interlocutor. Ex. “I had a lot of problems at the airport, my
flight was delayed, my suitcase didn't arrive...well, you know how it was.

Similar to the previous case, they are used to say the beginning of a saying that
is known to everyone. Ex. “Shrimp that falls asleep… so get ready.”
It is used to avoid repeating the name of a book or work, which has already
been mentioned previously.” Ex. The book: “Iván Hernández: History of a
dramatic life”, by Román Jacobo is full of metaphors. The work “Iván
Hernández…”.
To outline the presence of high-sounding or bad taste words. Ex. “What son of
a... behaved very badly with you.”
To create suspense in a statement. Ex. “It was a very difficult experience, there
were screams and hits… I prefer not to talk about it.”
To make an enumeration and indicate that it continues. Ex. “I need you to buy
everything you need for the party: snacks, food, soft drinks…”
Within a text, ellipses are placed between parentheses (...) or brackets [...] to
indicate that some word or words have been removed from it. Ex. “Disney
movies are very good (…) their messages are always good for children.”
examples of use of ellipses:

1. “The exam is on Monday or Wednesday… I really don't know when it will be.”
2. “I was late for school, my parents scolded me, I lost my backpack… well, you
know everything went wrong for me.”
3. The book “Gentlemen Prefer Brutes” talks about everyday situations. “The
Knights…” is a comedy.
4. The situation is very complicated (…) many important factors must be
considered.
5. “For our study session we need books, notebooks, pens…”.
6. “That guy is a… he always behaves badly with everyone.”
7. “It was the most difficult day of my life. "I cried, I screamed, I got stressed...
and let's better change the subject."
8. “The thing is that (…) comedy movies always make people happy.”
9. “You know, a bird in the hand is better… you better take that chance now.”
10. “Your health situation is not good… let's wait and see what happens.”

35
4.16. USE OF THE STRIPE
The dash ( — ), which should not be confused with the underscore (_)—
especially in computer contexts—nor with the dash (-)—which is shorter—since
they have very different uses and meanings, is used to introduce an paragraph
within a longer period and to indicate in the dialogues the intervention of each
speaker and the comments and paragraphs of the narrator. Two are written,
one to open and one to close, except when the dialogue does not continue,
when it is advisable to delete the last one and replace it with the obligatory
period; Furthermore, they are written separated from the rest of the sentence
with a space, and attached to the paragraph itself. In the case of paragraphs, it
can replace the comma for greater isolation and also the parentheses, but to
express a smaller one. 5

Uses of the stripe:

1. To enclose interspersed elements, instead of commas:

 The garments of the young spirit—enthusiasm and hope—
correspond, in the harmonies of history and nature, to movement and
light.
 To achieve a good image—that makes an impact—take care of your
manners.
 "I won't go until tomorrow," said the boy.
2. In direct style dialogues, to separate the speech of each character:
—Luis, the first impression in an interview is definitive.
—I know and I'm preparing.
—I wish you much success.

To type the line with the Spanish computer keyboard, in Microsoft Windows,
hold down the "Alt" key while pressing "0151" on the numeric keypad. In
Apple operating systems you can achieve the same effect with "Alt" and the
dash (-) key on Mac computers.

The dash (—) is a punctuation mark represented by a horizontal stroke, longer

than the hyphen (-) with which it should not be confused. It can be used in
isolation, or, as in the case of other punctuation marks, to serve as an opening
and closing sign that isolates an element or statement.
36
The line is used to introduce the characters' comments. The closing line is not
written if the character does not immediately continue speaking after the
narrator's comment. Example:
—The Carnival has to enter the School, because it is part of the life that
develops around the School, said Don José Marín.

To introduce a new clarification or paragraph in a text already enclosed in

parentheses. Example: If you want to know more about the relationships
between the different sectors of the educational community (the Internal
Regulations - which are not always available to parents - resolve these doubts)
educational centers must make an effort to organize training days.

To contain clarifications or paragraphs that interrupt the speech. In this case, an

opening line is always placed before the clarification and another closing line at
the end of the narrator's comments or clarifications to the characters'
interventions. Example: For my father, sincerity—a basic quality for people to
earn the credibility of others—is essential to underpin human relationships.

The line also serves to introduce each of the elements of a relationship that are
written on independent lines. In this case, a blank space must be left between
the line and the text that follows, below we will give you some

examples:
Intransitive verbs

— transitives

— irregular

— regular

37
 CONCLUSIONS

Punctuation marks are necessary pauses that give meaning and appropriate
meaning to what is written. The misuse of these signs can bring us
consequences such as misinterpretation of a text.
It has been possible to provide all the knowledge on the subject of punctuation
marks so that they can regulate writing correctly and give it meaning so as not
to interpret it in a bad way.
For writing of any nature to be coherent, it is advisable to use punctuation
marks.
The correct use of punctuation marks ensures the proper articulation of the
units of meaning that make up a sentence or paragraph. That is why

38
punctuation marks require very precise use; If they are put in the wrong place,
words and phrases fail to say what the author intended.
Good punctuation ensures the proper articulation of the units of meaning that
make up a sentence or paragraph. That is why punctuation marks require very
precise use; If they are put in the wrong place, words and phrases fail to say
what the author intended.
Capital letters are those that, in relation to lowercase letters, are larger in size
and are generally written differently.
The purpose of writing in capital letters is to highlight certain words or
sentences that we want to catch the reader's attention.
Oral expression is the set of techniques that determine the general guidelines
that must be followed to communicate effectively orally. Knowing how to
express oneself orally has been one of the central activities of life in society
since ancient times. Therefore, we must learn how to express ourselves
appropriately in public.
It must be taken into account that oral expression in certain circumstances is
broader than speech, since it requires paralinguistic elements to complete its
final meaning.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

- https://www.google.com.pe/1C1CHZL_esPE727PE727&so
- www.monografias.com › Language and Literature
- https://es.slideshare.net/marianoprdmd/signos-de-puntuacin-12170862
- www.wikilengua.org/index.php/Corchetes
- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuation_Sign
- https://prezi.com/j15dkw4sjr1m/historia-signos-de-puntuacion
- www.abc.es/cultura/.../abci-como-nacimiento-signos-puntuación
- https://www.significados.com/signos-de-puntuacion .

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