GOALS

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

 Analyze the administrative aspects of a research project and the

importance it has.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

 Define the function of the work schedule in a research project.

 Examine the resources needed for the research project.

 Contrast the types of expenses in a research project (direct costs and indirect
costs).

 Detail how the research project budget and the respective financing are
prepared.

 Define the importance of developing a consistency matrix.

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 CHAPTER I

ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF THE RESEARCH

PROJECT

The administrative aspects comprise a part of the research project, equally important
as the others. They refer to resources, schedule of activities and budget, the latter two
consisting of the management of time and financial resources, respectively.

1. WORK SCHEDULE

In 2009, Esteban indicates that "the schedule is the programming of the time in
which the research project must be executed, said programming is made taking
into account the main activities to be developed and the time that each of them will
take" (p . 187)

The schedule allows the execution period to be distributed prudently, so that it can
be used to evaluate the effective progress of its execution.
The total time required to complete a research project depends on the nature of the
work, the conditions in which it was carried out, the qualifications and teamwork of
researchers. However, the minimum reasonable time is one year, in the best of
cases it can last up to more than two years. In general terms, a reasonable time is
between one or two years. This is distributed in bimonthly months or quarters. The
schedule includes the different activities, from the readjustment of the project to the
presentation and presentation of the final report.

To present the schedule, diagrams are generally used, which allow the time of
each activity to be visualized, especially in those cases where there are several
activities at the same time. The most commonly used diagrams, and for projects
whose degree of complexity is not too great, bar charts such as the Gantt Chart
are used; For more complex projects, arrow or network diagrams are used, such
as PERT and CPM.

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1.1. Chart or Gantt chart

The schedule of activities is also called the Gantt Chart, in honor of its
inventor Henry Laurence Gantt. This graph shows the distribution that the
main activities of the research process will have on the calendar.

In project management, the Gantt chart shows the origin and end of
different minimum work units and groups of tasks or dependencies between
minimum work units. Since their introduction, Gantt charts have become a
basic tool in project management of all types, with the purpose of
representing the different phases, tasks and activities scheduled as part of a
project or to show a timeline in the different activities making the method
more efficient.

Basically, the diagram is made up of a vertical axis where the activities that
constitute the work to be executed are established, and a horizontal axis
that shows the duration of each of them on a calendar.

To better control the development of the work and the investment that it
entails, the activity must be scheduled from the beginning to the end,
sectioned chronologically in time.

Below is the Gantt chart.

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Stages Tasks Year

Januar February March April May June July August sept. oct. nov. dec.
y
Preliminary
 Bibliography and
or Primary information search
 Selection
 Project presentation

Second  Hypothesis
 Research and
information

Third  Comprehensive structure

 Organization of
thematic information
 Report writing

Conclusion  Review by the advisor

 Final fix
 Completion and delivery
(impression)
 Exam - thesis
2. RESOURCES

In 2008, Dextre & Pretell mention two types of resources:

 Human resources
 Material resources (e.g. 67)

2.1. Human Resources

Human resources “refers to the number, identity and responsibility of the
people directly involved in one or more phases of the execution of the research”
(Valderrama, 2015; p.235).
It is necessary to include the CVs of the principal and associate researchers, in
order to clearly establish their competence and preparation for the proposed
task; In addition, the time that each of them will dedicate to the project must be
indicated.
Example:

This research work will be made up of the following members:

 ALIANA ARTEGA, William Cristian. Thesis student.

 YAURI DE LA SOTA, Benicio Rubén. Thesis

student. Likewise, we have the participation of:

 Dr. COSME ROJAS, Guillermo Martin. Thematic advisor.

 Dr. CUBA QUIÑONES, Julio Cesar. Methodological advisor.
 Mg. JAMES VELASQUEZ, Carlos. Statistical advisor.
 Dr. APESTEGUI RAMIREZ, Hugo. Writing advisor.

Finally, they are part of the work team:

 120 students that constitute the population sample.

2.2. Material resources

All possible materials that will be used during the research process should be
noted: desk and laboratory materials, teaching materials, supplies, equipment,
etc.
 Example:

Amount Description Total

4 thousands 80 gram A4 bond paper 110.00
50 units Princo brand blank CD 50.00
½% Transparencies 50.00
10 units two-color pencils 10.00
5 units Mongol brand pencils 10.00
6 units Faber Castell N° 47 down pens 15.00
1 unit Insulating tape 3.00
4 cartridges Black ink and colors 280.00
400 units Photostatic copies 250.00
5 copies Pasting of the thesis report 150.00
10 games Ringed thesis report 150.00
1 set Multimedia rental 50.00
Unforeseen 97.00
TOTAL S/. 1225.00

3. EXPENSE CLASSIFIER

According to Tamayo (2004), “two types of expenses are involved in the

development of scientific research: costs directly attributable to the project; and
indirect costs” (p. 238).

3.1. direct costs

As its name indicates, the costs directly attributable to the project are easily
identifiable, since they are produced in the development of the specific
research activities.
They are: the plant research staff who carry out the project activities;
consumer items; the scientific equipment necessary to carry out these
activities; and a series of miscellaneous expenses for specific services
presented by the institution, or that are contracted with natural or legal
persons other than it, to carry out certain tasks of the project.

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 The calculation of direct items is relatively easy as it is given by objective
and clear parameters, such as commercial quotes, service provision
contracts, collection accounts or invoices (in the case of materials,
equipment and payment of services) or there is a contract labor and an
assignment of functions and salaries formally established by the institution,
as well as some investigative activities proposed in the project.

3.2. Indirect costs

Indirect costs are basically made up of: legal and extralegal social benefits
that protect investigative personnel; and the costs of administration,
secretariat and general services and operation of the institution.
If the direct costs are relatively easy to calculate, this is not the case with a
series of indirect costs to the project, such as the payment of administrative
services, secretarial services, telephone services, electricity, water,
cleaning, messaging, etc., without which it is not possible for the researcher
to dedicate himself to his task of investigating, in a division of functions. But
how much cost is attributable to the project?

On the other hand, in addition to the salary that the researcher receives for
carrying out his project, he must also be paid a series of legal and extralegal
social benefits, bonuses, severance pay, and make legal payments to
institutions that guarantee social security (ISS, ICBF, SENA). These are also
indirect costs of the project. But how to calculate them and what amounts of
them to charge to the project?

It is very common to find that indirect costs are either not taken into
account, or are calculated in a subjective way, charging an arbitrary
percentage (0.1%, 1%, 10%, 50%) of the total value of the project. A fact
that belies its quality, since formulating a project is synonymous with
objective and careful planning. Furthermore, such a subjective and arbitrary
calculation is not convenient for the institutions that finance projects, as it
does not present valid parameters for evaluating these percentages; neither

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It is convenient for the institution carrying out the project, which in any case
must receive correct income to cover exactly those expenses.

The item or chapter of "expenses for payment of services" must record

payments to scientific or technical personnel not belonging to the institution
carrying out the project, and who provide a specific service under contract.
This is not only convenient due to the very definition of the items, but also to
facilitate the calculation of the indirect costs of the project.

Indirect costs are called overhead in English, that is, a

"overload on the head" of each researcher. The most appropriate objective
way to calculate it is through the indirect cost multiplier factor specific to
each institution. This multiplier factor is applicable to the salaries of the
project's research staff. It is calculated by the institution and provided to the
researcher for the formulation of the projects.

We reiterate that the indirect cost multiplier includes the payment of

secretaries, cleaners, messengers, general and administrative services, as
well as social benefits and transfers or legal payments to social welfare
institutions. For this reason, they should not be charged separately again.

3.2.1. The indirect cost multiplier factor

The indirect cost multiplier factor is, as its name indicates, a

overload different to the costs directly
caused by the project activities, but which must be covered as a
condition for those activities to be carried out. The way to calculate
indirect costs is on a percentage basis. For this, the researcher's
salaries, equivalent to 100%, are taken as a basis.

Let's initially look at an example for calculating the percentage of

social benefits.

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 Each year you must pay a legal Christmas bonus, which is equivalent
to one-twelfth (1/12) of the total salaries earned by the worker in the
year, plus salary factors such as food assistance, transportation,
travel expenses. representation, etc.
The formula for its calculation, as defined in the law, would be:
Pn = (wages + salary factors)/12

Given the simplification of the example, let us only take the salaries as
100%, without considering the percentage to which the salary factors
are equivalent in any specific case. Then we would have that the
Christmas bonus is equivalent to a minimum of:
Pn = (100+fs)/12=8.3%
The percentages of the different social benefits are calculated in a
similar way.

4. BUDGET

Tamayo (2002) indicates

that:

Budgeting or preparing a budget means, in general, calculating the expenses

or income, or both, that will necessarily or probably arise when carrying out an
activity. As indicated by the etymology of the term budget, this is an advance
calculation of the costs of that work or activity, which is prepared on the basis of
certain assumptions and certain reasons. (p.236).

Valderrama (2015) mentions that the budget “must be estimated. Care must be
taken to ensure that each of the expenses incurred in the development of the
research is detailed in the most realistic way possible. These expenses will be
classified according to the different points” (p.235); for example: equipment,
consumables, transportation costs, acquisition of bibliography, salaries, etc. In
addition, the description and justification of each one must be provided.

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If the project is justified and the different scientific-technical elements are planned
and the various activities are organized, it is also essential to justify and establish a
strategy to obtain the financial resources that allow the research to be carried out.
This financing strategy includes the detailed calculation of each of the costs that
are grouped by items or titles; as well as the distribution or charge of each of them
to one or several entities, in accordance with the financing policies and criteria.
The procedure for preparing the budget follows the same order: initially, a detailed
calculation of each of the items and expenditure lines is made. Secondly, and once
the previous operation is completed, the costs are distributed by financing sources
or entities to which it is considered appropriate to submit a request.

Example 01:
The total cost of the research work amounts to S/. 3925.00 nuevos soles and will
be self-financed by those responsible for the research, as can be seen in the
following summary:

Equipment (recorder, camcorder, 1000.00

etc.)
Expendable materials 1225.00

Transportation expenses 500.00

Bibliography acquisition 200.00

Salary for external consulting 1000.00

TOTAL 3925.00

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Example 02:

TO. STAFF
 Support secretarial S/. 400.00
 advisory S/. 1000.00
 Interviewers S/. 2000.00
 Others S/. 600.00
S/. 4000.00

b. ESTATE
 Stationery supplies S/. 200.00
 Computing materials S/. 200.00
 Printing materials S/. 400.00
 Others S/. 200.00
S/. 1000.00
c. SERVICES
 Mobility S/. 600.00
 Travel expenses S/. 900.00
 Of computing S/. 200.00
 Of impression S/. 700.00
 Others S/. 600.00
S/. 3000.00

TOTAL: S/. 8000.00

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5. FINANCING

Financing is the mechanism through which a person or a company obtains

resources for a specific project, which may be acquiring goods and services,
paying suppliers, etc.

According to Esteban (2009), for financing, one must “consider which entities will
finance and in what percentages” (p.189); so that in this way the execution of the
project is carried out.

EXAMPLE:

CONCYTEC: 50%
ONE: 50%

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 CHAPTER II

THE CONSISTENCY MATRIX

1. CONCEPT

The consistency matrix is the first instrument that the researcher develops in order
to take into account the internal logic between each of the elements horizontally and
vertically. It is characterized by being the tool for identifying and correcting
inconsistencies.

In 2015 Valderrama quotes Tafur (1996):

“The mold that a researcher creates when expressing the agreements
between each of the parts and subparts, or constituent elements of which a
preliminary research project consists, synthetically outlined, is called a consistency
matrix” (p.122).

2. STRUCTURE

According to Valderrama (2015), the structure of the consistency matrix has

the following characteristics:
 Has a research degree.
 The surnames and names of the person(s) responsible must be
written.
 The following elements must be taken into account. Title, General and specific
problem, General and specific objective, General and specific hypotheses,
Variables – dimensions and indicators, Type, method, research design,
population and sample.
 In each of the columns of the consistency matrix it is possible to distinguish
general and specific problems. There must also be general and specific
objectives, variables, dimensions and general and specific indicators.
 In the column that belongs to the methodological framework, the population
universe must be mentioned, as well as the sample size, type, level, design
and research method. In the same way, reference will have to be made to

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 the research techniques, the statistical treatment that will be used for
hypothesis testing and the plan or scheme to follow.

3. IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTIONS

The consistency matrix is important for research, because it allows the various
steps of a research project to be elaborated sequentially and logically. It is the first
thing to prepare before the project. For example, the general problem must agree
with the general objectives, hypotheses, variables and indicators; That is, between
one and the other there must be a logical foundation.
The importance of the consistency matrix comes from the following points:
 It allows you to observe the internal logic of the research proposal and then
validate or correct said matrix.
 If there is solidity, cohesion or firmness between the different parts or
constituent elements of the matrix, it shows the consistency that the future
research project will have.
 Not only can it be used by the researcher, but also by those who monitor or
evaluate.

4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A CONSISTENCY

MATRIX

 Theoretical and conceptual mastery of the scientific research process.

 Procedural methodological domain.

 The consistency matrix must be worked on at the beginning, in the process

and is consolidated at the conclusion of the research project.

 The consistency matrix must be constructed in a table that contains columns

with key elements of the research project, distributed sequentially and
horizontally.
 Deficiencies and inconsistencies detected in the theoretical and
methodological analysis of the components of the matrix must be corrected
immediately.

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5. ESSENTIAL ASPECTS THAT SHOULD BE EVALUATED IN A
CONSISTENCY MATRIX

 The consistency and agreement of the title with the problem, objective
and general hypothesis

 The consistency and agreement between the specific elements of the problem,
the objective and the hypothesis

 Number of specific elements

 The category: General and specific hypotheses

 Sense or direction of specific elements

 Conceptual nature of the specific elements

 Correspondence between the number of dimensions of the independent variable

with the number of specific elements of the problem, objective and general
hypothesis.

 Congruence between the title of the research project and the type of design
indicated in the matrix.

 Coherence between the selected methods and techniques with the research
problem, the population and the study sample.

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 6. EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE OF CONSISTENCY MATRIX

TITLE: MOTIVATION AND WORK UNEMPLOYMENT OF TEACHERS AT THE UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA MIGUEL ANGEL RODRIGUEZ RIVAS, LIMA –
2013

Variables Scales of Design

Issues Goals Hypothesis Variables Dimensions Subdimensions Indicators
Statistics Measureme Methodologic
General General General Independent Behavior Forms of - Impulse, desires, Qualitative nt
Nominal Population al
universe of
How Determine that the The motivation Motivation action needs, teachers: 130
Motivation affects Motivation affects the affects the level of attitudes, levels of Sample: 130
performance level of performance knowledge, Type of basic research.
managed labor of administrative work administrative work skills Research level:
teachers in the performance of the of University Descriptive-
University Universidad Peruana teachers and correlational
Peruvian Miguel Miguel Ángel Peruvian Miguel potentiality Design:
Angel Rodriguez Rodríguez Rivas, Angel Rodriguez Dependent Responsibility Obligation - Silabo, PPT, research Qualitative Nominal
Rivas? Lima – 2013. Rivas, Lime – Performance manual, Non-experimental-
2013. teaching learning section, use of transversal-
administrative the virtual field, forums, descriptive-
work. evaluations, notes, correlational
reports, statistics 1. Techniques of
of evaluations, data collection:
attendance list, - Observation.
correction of work. - Interviews.
- Bibliographic files.
Specific Specific Specific Independent Priority of Preference Food, quenching thirst, Qualitative Ordinal 2. Instruments to obtain
to) As the a) Characterize that a) The hierarchy of Hierarchy of the individual maintenance of an data:
hierarchy of the hierarchy of Maslow's physiological adequate body - SAW = Scale of
physiological physiological needs physiological needs needs. temperature, sex, Likert
needs of influence teachers' motherhood or - D.V. = Scale of
Maslow influences Maslow's job satisfaction. complete activities. Likert
the work influence on 3. Techniques for data
satisfaction of satisfaction processing:
the teachers' work. Dependent Active mood - Salary and/or salary. Qualitative Ordinal - Manual
teachers? Satisfaction response - Security of - Electronic.
labor contract.
- classroom
implementation.
- Compliance of
personal aspects.
- Consideration.
- I respect.
- Recognition.
 Variables Scales of Design
Issues Goals Hypothesis Variables Dimensions Subdimensions Indicators
Statistics Measureme Methodologic
b) As b) Identify He academic Independent Methodologic Organization of - Gradually promotes Qualitative nt
Nominal al for
4. Techniques
Performance performance performance Performance al strategies learning. interest in analysis
academic teaching academic teacher has an teaching The subject; appropriate
teacher has an has an impact on the impact on the academic actions for each and
impact development of skills development of achievement interpretation of
in the development of students of the competencies of learning, adopts a specific data:
of basic skills of professional career of the students of the method for each learning - Boards of
the University professional career session, promotes frequency.
students of Administration of Administration meaningful learning, shares - Bar and sector
the professional Peruvian Miguel Universidad reflections, decisions, diagram.
career of Ángel Rodríguez Peruana Miguel questions and proposals,
Administration Rivas, Lima 2013. Ángel Rodríguez group and personalized 5. Techniques for
Peruvian University Rivas, Lima 2013. teaching, dynamic and treatment
Miguel participatory classes, statistical:
Ángel Rodríguez answers questions. -The Chi test-
Rivas, Lima 2013? square (𝑋 2 ) for
check if both
Transmissio Topic mastery - Goal setting, favorable Qualitative Nominal Qualitative variables
n of climate, leadership are related.
knowledge instructional, motivation,
organization of topics, 6. Technique for data
mastery of the subject, preparation:
transfer of knowledge, - Statistical tables.
interactive class, practical - Graphics
examples, use of time,
creativity, diversification of 7. Techniques for
activities in their learning final report:
sessions. - According to
scheme proposed by
the Graduate School of
MARR University, Lima.
Dependent progress in What you know how - Abilities, Qualitative Nominal
Development of his to do knowledge, skills and
competencies performance. attitudes, willingness to
learn to learn, ability to live
together, skills to “know”,
“create”, understand,
express and interpret
thoughts, feelings and facts
orally and in writing.

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CONCLUSIONS

1. Administrative aspects are of great importance in a research project because they

are responsible for its orderly planning.

2. The function of the schedule is to organize the activities for exact and better
fulfillment of them.

3. There are two types of resources that are used in a research project, human and
material, the first have to do with human talent, the number of people involved,
and the second, all the material necessary to use to the investigation.

4. Direct costs differ from indirect costs in that they are those costs produced in the
development of specific research activities.

5. The budget must be prepared in detail where each of the expenses is mentioned,
that is why the budget is an estimate; and for its financing you can resort to your
own resources, or resources from some identities.

6. The importance of the consistency matrix lies in the fact that it helps follow a
logical and organized sequence to develop the investigation.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

1. Amiel, J. (2014). Methodology and Design of Scientific Research . Lima, Peru:

Scientific University of the South.

2. Dextre, N. & Pretell, V. (2008). Scientific Research Methodology for Sciences

Economical. Tarapoto, Peru: Aquinos Printing Office.

3. Esteban, E. (2009). Methodology of Economic and Social Research . Lima:

Editorial San Marcos.

4. Godoy, E. (2011). How to write a thesis . Prov. From Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic:
Valleta Edition SRL.

5. Tamayo, M. (2004). The Scientific Research Process: Includes evaluation and

administration of research projects. 4th ed. Mexico: Limusa

6. Valderrama, S. (2015). Steps to Prepare Scientific Research Projects .

Lima: San Marcos.

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