TUTORIAL-3TUTORIAL-

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PROBLEM-1

The stress distribution in a solid shaft has been plotted along

three arbitrary radial lines as shown in Figure. Determine the
resultant internal torque at the section.

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PROBLEM-1

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PROBLEM-2

The pipe shown in the figure has an inner diameter of 80 mm and an outer
diameter of 100 mm. If its end is tightened against the support at A using a
torque wrench at B. Determine the shear stress developed in the material
at the inner and outer walls along the central portion of the pipe when the
80-N forces are applied to the wrench.

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PROBLEM-2
Torsion along the pipe is calculated by
considering intermediate location C.
T – 80(200) – 80(300) = 0

My = 0, T = 40x103 N.mm = 40 N.m

Polar moment of inertia:


J  2 co4  ci4  =

2
[(50)4 – (40)4] mm4

= 5.8x10-6 m4

E Shear stress in the outer surface:

D T co (40)(0.05)
D = = = 0.345 MPa
J 5.8x10-6

Shear stress in the inner surface:

T ci (40)(0.04)
E = = = 0.276 MPa
J 5.8x10-6
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PROBLEM-3

G The shaft has a diameter of 25 mm and it

is subjected to the applied torques as
shown. Determine the shear stress
F maximum along segments EF and FG, say
that it is at point C and D.

External torques acting at each gears: TE = 150 N.m

TF = 210 N.m
TG = 60 N.m
Polar moment of inertia
 
J= c4 = (12.5)4 = 38.35x103 mm4 = 38.35x10-9 m4
2 2

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PROBLEM-3

G
G

F
TEF F

Internal torques acting along segment EF:

MEF = 0, – TEF + TF – TG = 0, – TEF + 210 – 60 = 0,

TEF = 150 N.m
Shear stress maximum along segment EF:
TEF c (150)(0.0125)
C = max = = -9
= 48.9x106 N/m2 = 48.9 MPa
J 38.35x10
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PROBLEM-3

G
G

F TFG

Internal torques acting along segment FG:

MFG = 0, TFG – TG = 0, TFG = TG = 60 N.m

Shear stress maximum along segment FG:

TFG c (60)(0.0125)
D = max = = -9
= 19.55x106 N/m2 = 19.55 MPa
J 38.35x10

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PROBLEM-4

The solid steel shaft is 3 m long and has a diameter of 50 mm. It is required to
transmit 35 kW of power from the engine E to the generator G. Shear modulus
of elasticity for the shaft material is 75 GPa. Determine:
1. The smallest speed of the shaft in rpm if it is restricted not to twist
more than 1o.
2. Shear stress maximum in the shaft.

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PROBLEM-4
Polar moment of inertia
 
J= c4 = (25)4 = 613.6x103 mm4 = 613.6x10-9 m4
2 2
Maximum angle of twist: f = (/180o)(1o) = 0.01745 rad

TL JGf (613.6x10-9)(75x109)(0.01745)
Allowable torque: f = T = = = 267.7 N.m
JG L 3

(35x103)
Angular velocity: P = Tω → ω=P/T = = 130.74 rad/sec
(267.7)

60*130.74
1. Maximum speed: N = = 1248.5 rpm
2

Tc (267.7)(0.025)
2. Maximum shear stress: max = = = 10.9x106 N/m2 = 10.9 MPa
J 613.6x10-9

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PROBLEM-5
A tubular shaft, having an inner diameter of 30 mm and an outer
diameter of 42 mm, is to be used to transmit 90 kW of power.
Determine the frequency of rotation of the shaft so that the shear
stress will not exceed 50 MPa.

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PROBLEM-6

The motor delivers 30 kW to the 304 stainless

steel shaft while it rotates at 20 Hz. The shaft
is supported on smooth bearings at A and B,
which allow free rotation of the shaft. The
gears C and D fixed to the shaft remove 18 kW
and 12 kW, respectively.

The allowable stress is allow= 56 MPa, the allowable angle of twist of

C with respect to D is 0.20o, and shear modulus is G = 76 GPa.
Determine the diameter of the shaft to the nearest mm.

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PROBLEM-6
External applied torque:

PC 18 x10 3
TM TC    143.24 N.m
A
TC 2f 2 20
TD
PD 12 x10 3
TD    95.49 N.m
2f 2 20

Internal torque developed

in each segment:
TAC TC
A Segment AC:
TD
TAC = TC + TD = 238.73 N.m

Segment CD:
TCD = TD = 95.49 N.m
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PROBLEM-6
Considering the failure due to
TM the maximum shear stress
TC
TD
The critical segment is segment AC.
Thus,

T AC r T AC d/ 2
 max   allow  
J π 4
d 32

238.73d/2 
56x10 6

d4
32

d = 27.9x10-3 m = 27.9 mm

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PROBLEM-6

Considering the failure due to angle

TM of twist limitation at segment CD
TC
TD
TCD LCD T L
fC/D   πCD 4 CD
JG 
32 d G 

 π  95.49 200x10
0.20 
3

 180  π
32 d4
76x10
9

d = 27.2x10-3 m = 27.2 mm

From both values of diameter, the required diameter is 27.9 mm,

and we use d = 28 mm

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PROBLEM-7
The two solid steel shafts shown in Figure are coupled together
using the meshed gears. Determine the angle of twist of end A of
shaft AB when the torque T = 45 N.m is applied. Take G = 80 GPa.
Shaft AB is free to rotate within bearings E and F, whereas shaft DC
is fixed at D. Each shaft has a diameter of 20 mm.

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PROBLEM-7

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PROBLEM-8
50-mm-diameter solid cast-iron post shown is buried
600 mm in soil. Determine maximum shear stress in
the post and angle of twist at its top. Assume torque
about to turn the post, and soil exerts uniform
torsional resistance of t N·mm/mm along its 600 mm
buried length. G = 40(103) MPa

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PROBLEM-8
Internal torque
From free-body diagram
 Mz = 0; TAB = 100 N(300 mm) = 30  103 N·mm

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PROBLEM-8
Internal torque
Magnitude of the uniform distribution of torque along buried
segment BC can be determined from equilibrium of the entire
post.

 Mz = 0;

100 N(300 mm)  t(600 mm) = 0

t = 50 N·mm/mm

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PROBLEM-8
Internal torque
Hence, from free-body diagram of a section of the
post located at position x within region BC, we have
 Mz = 0;
TBC  50x = 0
TBC = 50x

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PROBLEM-8
Maximum shear stress
Largest shear stress occurs in region AB, since
torque largest there and J is constant for the post.
Applying torsion formula
TAB c
max = = ... = 1.22 N/mm2
J

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PROBLEM-8
Angle of twist
Angle of twist at the top can be determined relative
to the bottom of the post, since it is fixed and yet is
about to turn. Both segments AB and BC twist, so

TAB LAB LBC TBC dx

fA =
JG
+
∫0 JG
...

fA = 0.00147 rad

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PROBLEM-9

The shaft shown in Figure is made from a steel tube, which is bonded to a
brass core. If a torque of T = 250 N·m is applied at its end, plot the shear-
stress distribution along a radial line of its cross-sectional area. Take Gst =
80 GPa, Gbr = 36 GPa.

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PROBLEM-9

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PROBLEM-9

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PROBLEM-10

The steel used for the shaft has an allowable shear stress of
allow= 8 MPa. If the members are connected together with a
fillet weld of radius r = 2.25 mm, determine the maximum
torque T that can be applied.

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PROBLEM-10
Stress concentration factor
r 2.25 D 30
  0.15  2
d 15 d 15

Referring to the graph: K = 1.3

T2 c
Nominal shear stress  nom 
J
Maximum shear stress
max = allow = K nom
Rearranging the equation, we have
 T  J  allow
  T = 8.2 N.m
 2 Kc

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