Centre Number

Candidate Number

General Certificate of Secondary Education

2022

Biology
Unit 1
Foundation Tier *GBL11*
[GBL11] *GBL11*

TUESDAY 17 MAY, MORNING

TIME
1 hour 15 minutes.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of
this page.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Do not write outside the boxed area on each page or on blank pages.
Complete in black ink only. Do not write with a gel pen.
Answer all eleven questions.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The total mark for this paper is 75.
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the marks awarded to
each question or part question.
Quality of written communication will be assessed in Question 7(b).

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 1 Humans are multicellular organisms.

Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells.

(a) Complete the diagram which shows how cells are organised in a
multicellular organism.

organ multicellular
cells
system organism

[2]

(b) Name two organ systems found in humans.

1. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ [2]

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 2 The diagram shows a food web.

foxes owls

small birds

rabbits mice grasshoppers

grass barley plants

Look at the diagram.

(a) Complete the food chain from this food web.

barley plants foxes

[2]

(b) Name an animal which feeds at two different trophic levels in this food web.

_____________________________ [1]

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 (c) Suggest why the number of mice may decrease if a disease killed the rabbits.

[2]

(d) Give the source of energy for a food web.

______________________________ [1]

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 3 The diagram shows some processes in the carbon cycle.

carbon dioxide
in atmosphere process A

process C

carbon carbon
compounds in feeding compounds in
animals plants

combustion of
coal, gas and oil to
produce electricity
microorganisms decompose
death
dead plants and animals

process B

coal, gas and oil

Look at the diagram.

(a) Name processes A, B and C.

A ______________________________

B ______________________________

C ______________________________ [3]

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 Wind turbines have large blades which move when wind hits them.

The movement of the blades produces electricity.

The photograph shows five wind turbines which are part of a wind farm.

wind
turbine

© Getty Images

(b) Describe and explain how the use of wind farms affects the level of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.

Use the diagram of the carbon cycle to help you.

[3]

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 4 The diagram shows oxygen molecules inside and outside an animal cell.

X nucleus

oxygen molecule

Look at the diagram.

(a) Name part A.

______________________________ [1]

Oxygen molecules move by diffusion.

(b) Draw an arrow in box X to show the direction the oxygen molecules will move
by diffusion. [1]

(c) Explain why the oxygen molecules diffuse in this direction.

[1]

(d) Give two ways the rate of diffusion of molecules can be increased.

1.

2. [2]

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 5 (a) Human cells obtain energy from respiration.

(i) Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration.

glucose + + + energy

[3]

(ii) Suggest two ways human cells use the energy released during
aerobic respiration.

1.

2. [2]

During strenuous exercise human muscle cells can respire anaerobically.

(b) Give two ways anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in human
muscle cells.

1.

2.

[2]

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 6 (a) (i) Give one similarity between the nervous system and the hormonal system.

[1]

(ii) Complete the table to show the differences between the nervous system
and the hormonal system.

System Type of signal Speed of response

Nervous

Hormonal chemical
[2]

(b) The diagram shows the central nervous system.

© Getty Images

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 Look at the diagram.

(i) Name parts A and B.

A ______________________________

B ______________________________ [2]

The central nervous system coordinates stimuli and responses.

When a person smells food cooking, the salivary glands in their mouth produce
saliva and the person feels hungry.

In this example, the stimulus is the smell of the food cooking.

(ii) Name the effector in this example.

______________________________ [1]

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 7 (a) The diagram shows a cross section through a leaf.

Source: Principal Examiner

Look at the diagram.

(i) Name layers B and C.

B ______________________________

C ______________________________ [2]

(ii) Give the function of layer A.

[1]

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 (b) Describe and explain three ways leaves are adapted for photosynthesis.

In this question, you will be assessed on your written communication

skills and your use of specialist scientific terms.

[6]

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 8 A scientist investigated the effect of exercise on the breathing rate of two students.

The students did the same type of exercise for the same length of time.

The scientist measured the breathing rate of each student every four minutes before,
during and after exercise.

The graph shows the results.

student A student B
50

40
Breathing rate/breaths per minute

30

20

10

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Time/minutes
Exercise ends

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 Look at the graph.

(a) Suggest at what time the exercise starts.

Explain your answer.

Time _____________ minutes [1]

Explanation

[1]

(b) The scientist compared the resting breathing rates of the two students.

She concluded that student A was fitter than student B.

(i) Give the resting breathing rates of the two students.

Student A _____________ breaths per minute.

Student B _____________ breaths per minute. [2]

(ii) Describe two other ways the results suggest that student A is fitter than
student B.

Give data from the graph to support your answer.

1.

2.

[4]

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 (c) Give one other way the students’ breathing may have been affected by
the exercise.

[1]

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 9 A group of students estimated the percentage cover of five plant species in two
different areas of their school grounds.

One area was in direct sunlight and the other was in the shade.

(a) Name the apparatus the students used to estimate the percentage cover of the
plant species.

______________________________ [1]

Table 1 shows the students’ results.

Table 1

Percentage cover
Plant species
Area A Area B
grass 65 63
moss 9 26
daisies 7 2
buttercups 7 4
plantain 12 5

Look at Table 1.

The students concluded that the biodiversity was the same for both areas of the
school grounds.

(b) Give one piece of evidence from Table 1 to explain how they reached
this conclusion.

[1]

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 The students also measured three abiotic factors in the two different areas of the
school grounds.

Table 2 shows the students’ results.

Table 2

Abiotic factor
Area light soil
intensity soil pH temperature
/% / °C
A 84 6.0 17
B 60 6.0 13

Look at Table 1 and Table 2.

(c) Suggest which plant species is best adapted to low light intensity compared to
high light intensity.

Use evidence from both tables to support your answer.

[2]

(d) Suggest one other abiotic factor which would differ in the two areas.

[1]

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 10 (a) Farmers apply fertiliser to soil used to grow crops.

Fertiliser adds minerals to the soil which increase crop yield.

Minerals in the soil are used by plants.

(i) Name the cells in a plant which take up minerals from the soil.

______________________________ [1]

(ii) Name the process used by these cells to take up minerals from the soil.

______________________________ [1]

(iii) Give one way these cells are adapted to take up minerals from the soil.

[1]

(b) A scientist carried out an investigation to find the best mass of fertiliser
to apply to a crop.

He sowed the same number of oat seeds in each of six equal-sized plots.

Plot 1 had no fertiliser applied.

Plots 2 to 6 had different masses of the same fertiliser applied.

He recorded the yield of the oat crop in each plot after 6 months.

The table shows his results.

Plot Mass of fertiliser applied / kg Yield of oat crop / kg

1 0 50
2 20 120
3 40 150
4 60 170
5 80 180
6 100 180

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 Look at the table.

(i) Calculate the percentage change in yield of oat crop when the mass of
fertiliser applied was increased from 20 to 80 kg.

Show your working.

_____________ % [3]

(ii) Describe the trend shown in the scientist’s results.

[2]

(iii) The oat crop was able to grow in plot 1 even though no fertiliser was applied.

Suggest why.

[1]

(iv) Fertilisers are expensive.

Explain why a farmer should not apply 100 kg of fertiliser to his oat crop.

[2]

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 11 (a) Dead leaves are decomposed by fungi.

(i) What term is used to describe decomposers such as fungi?

______________________________ [1]

(ii) Describe how fungi feed on dead leaves.

[3]

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 (b) A student investigated two conditions needed for the decomposition of
dead leaves.

She weighed the leaves and then left them in different conditions for 28 days.

She reweighed the leaves and calculated the percentage mass remaining.

The table shows her results.

Water available Percentage mass of

Temperature / °C
for decomposers leaves remaining
10 low 82
10 high 62
30 low 76
30 high 38
60 low 86
60 high 86

(i) Use evidence from the table to give the best conditions for the
decomposition of dead leaves.

Explain your choice.

[2]

(ii) Suggest an explanation for the results at 60°C.

[1]

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 THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

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